∫ BASIC CALCULUS ⅀

2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter | S.Y. ‘24—’25 | Mrs. Michelle Cariaga | ✝️👑
17.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
PROBLEMS
−
𝑥 → −2
18.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
+
𝑥 → −2
19.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
LIMITS 𝑥 → −2
20.​ 𝑓(− 2)

1. Given the graphs of the following functions, evaluate what is

being asked.

1.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)

−
𝑥→2
2.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥) 21.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
−
𝑥→2
+ 𝑥→1

3.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥) 22.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)

+
𝑥→2 𝑥→1

4.​ 𝑓(2) 23.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→1
24.​ 𝑓(1)

5.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)

−
𝑥→3
6.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
+
𝑥→3
25.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
7.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑥→1
−

𝑥→3
26.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
8.​ 𝑓(3) 𝑥→1
+

27.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→1
28.​ 𝑓(1)

9.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)

−
𝑥→3
10.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
+
𝑥→3
11.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→3 29.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
−
𝑥 → −1
12.​ 𝑓(3)
30.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
+
𝑥 → −1
31.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥 → −1
32.​ 𝑓(− 1)

13.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)

−
𝑥→4
14.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
+
𝑥→4
15.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→4
16.​ 𝑓(4)

Property of: 11 - Euler

1
∫ BASIC CALCULUS ⅀
2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter | S.Y. ‘24—’25 | Mrs. Michelle Cariaga | ✝️👑
33.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥) 25. lim 𝑓(𝑥); 26. lim 𝑓(𝑥);
−
𝑥→2 𝑥→0 𝑥→1
34.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
+
𝑥→2
35.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥) 27. lim 𝑓(𝑥); 28. lim 𝑓(𝑥);
𝑥→2 𝑥→4 𝑥→0
36.​ 𝑓(2)

29. lim 𝑓(𝑥); 30. lim 𝑓(𝑥);

𝑥→0 𝑥→1

37.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥) 31. lim 𝑓(𝑥); 32. lim 𝑓(𝑥);

−
𝑥→3 𝑥→2 𝑥→0

38.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥)

+
𝑥→3
39.​ lim 𝑓(𝑥) 2
𝑥 +1− 2
2
𝑥 +5− 30
𝑥→3 33. lim 𝑥−1
34. lim 𝑥−5
𝑥→1 𝑥→5
40.​ 𝑓(3)
2
𝑥 +1
35. lim
2𝑥+2−2
𝑥→1

2. Evaluate the following limits. If the limit does not exist, write DNE. DERIVATIVES
1. lim (2𝑥 − 1) 2. lim (2 − 5𝑥)
𝑥→0 𝑥→1 1. Find the derivative of the following functions using the limit
definition.
2
3. lim (𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4) 4. lim
2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1
𝑥 → −2 1.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − 3𝑥 2.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ ℝ
𝑥→4

2 3
5. lim (|𝑥| − 2) 6. lim
1 3.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 𝑥 4.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1
|𝑥|
𝑥 → −3 𝑥→0
4 1
5.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 6.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+3
3 4
7. lim 𝑥+1
8. lim 𝑥+1
𝑥→1 𝑥 → −1
3
7.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1 8.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥
−2 1
9. lim 𝑥+1
10. lim 3𝑥−6
𝑥 → −1 𝑥→2
1 1
2
9.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 10.​ 𝑓(𝑥) =
2𝑥−6 𝑥 𝑥
11. lim 𝑥−3 12. lim
𝑥 −6𝑥+9
𝑥→3 𝑥−3
𝑥→3 2. Evaluate 𝑓'(𝑐) using the limit definition of the derivative based on
2
the following given.
𝑥−3
13. lim 2 14. lim
𝑥 −3𝑥+2
𝑥→3 𝑥 −6𝑥+9 𝑥−2 2 2
𝑥→2 11.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥; 𝑐 = 3 12.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 − 𝑥 ; 𝑐 = 2

𝑥−2 𝑥−2
15. lim 2 16. lim 2 13.​
3
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1; 𝑐 = 1 14.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 − 𝑥 ; 𝑐 =− 1
4
𝑥→2 𝑥 −3𝑥+2 𝑥→1 𝑥 −3𝑥+2

8
15.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+4
; 𝑐 =− 2 16.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 6 − 𝑥; 𝑐 = 2
1 1
17. lim (𝑥 + 𝑥
) 18. lim (𝑥 + 𝑥
) 3. Write an equation for the tangent line at (𝑐, 𝑓(𝑐)) for the following
𝑥→0 𝑥→1
functions.
2 𝑥−3
19. lim
2𝑥−5𝑥 20. lim 6−3𝑥 17.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 𝑥 ; 𝑐 = 4
2
18.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥; 𝑐 = 4
𝑥 𝑥→3
𝑥→0

1 3
2
𝑥 −1 𝑥 −1
3 19.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 ; 𝑐 =− 2 20.​ 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 − 𝑥 ; 𝑐 = 2
21. lim 𝑥−1
22. lim 𝑥−1
𝑥
𝑥→1 𝑥→1

3 2
𝑥 −1 𝑥 +1
23. lim 𝑥+1
24. lim 2
𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥 −1

ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS

Property of: 11 - Euler
2
∫ BASIC CALCULUS ⅀
2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter | S.Y. ‘24—’25 | Mrs. Michelle Cariaga | ✝️👑
=5

LIMITS
2.5. lim (|𝑥| − 2) 2.6. lim
1
|𝑥|
𝑥 → −3 𝑥→0
1
= |− 3| − 2 = |0|
1.1. 2 1.2. -1 =3 −2 1
= 0
, 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
=1 1 1
1.3. DNE 1.4. -3 Consider lim |𝑥| and lim |𝑥|
− +
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
For x = -0.1, -0.01, -0.001, … ⇒ y = 10,
1.5. -4 1.6. -4
100, 1000, …
For x = 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, … ⇒ y = 10,
1.7. -4 1.8. 2
100, 1000, …
1 1
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 lim = lim =+ ∞
1.9. ∞ 1.10. -3 𝑥→0
− |𝑥|
𝑥→0
+ |𝑥|

1
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 lim |𝑥|
=+ ∞
1.11. DNE 1.12. -3 𝑥→0
𝐷𝑁𝐸.
1.13. 1 1.14. ∞
3 4
2.7. lim 𝑥+1
2.8. lim 𝑥+1
𝑥→1 𝑥 → −1
1.15. DNE 1.16. 1 3 4
= 1+1 = −1+1
3
= 2 4
1.17. − ∞ 1.18. − ∞ = 0
, 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
4 4
Consider lim 𝑥+1 and lim 𝑥+1
− +
𝑥 → −1 𝑥 → −1
1.19. − ∞ 1.20. 1
As x = -1.1, -1.01, -1.001, … ⇒ y = -40, -400,
-4000, …
1.21. 1 1.22. -2 As x = -0.9, -0.99, -0.999, … ⇒ y = 40,
400, 4000, …
1.23. DNE 1.24. -2 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 lim
−
4
𝑥+1
=− ∞ ≠ lim
+
4
𝑥+1
=+ ∞
𝑥 → −1 𝑥 → −1
4
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠, lim 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
1.25. 2 1.26. 2
𝑥+1
𝑥 → −1
𝐷𝑁𝐸.

1.27. 2 1.28. undf.

−2 1
2.9. lim 𝑥+1
2.10. lim 3𝑥−6
𝑥 → −1 𝑥→2
1.29. 2 1.30. 2 −2 1
= −1+1 = 3(2)−6
2 1
1.31. 2 1.32. 2 =− 0
, 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 = 0
, 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
−2 −2 1 1
Consider lim and lim
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
Consider lim 3𝑥−6 and lim 3𝑥−6
− + − +
𝑥 → −1 𝑥 → −1 𝑥→2 𝑥→2
1.33. 2 1.34. -2 As x = -1.1, -1.01, -1.001, … ⇒ y = 20, 200, As x = 1.9, 1.99, 1.999, … ⇒ y = -3.3, -33,
2000, … -333, …
1.35. DNE 1.36. 4 As x = -0.9, -0.99, -0.999, … ⇒ y = -20, As x = 2.1, 2.01, 2.001, … ⇒ y = 3.3, 33, 333,
-200, -2000, … …
−2 −2 1 1
1.37. + ∞ 1.38. − ∞ 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 lim
𝑥 → −1
− 𝑥+1
=+ ∞ ≠ lim
𝑥 → −1
+ 𝑥+1
=− ∞ 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 lim
𝑥→2
− 3𝑥−6
=− ∞ ≠ lim
𝑥→2
+ 3𝑥−6
=+ ∞
−2 1
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠, lim 𝑥+1
𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠, lim 3𝑥−6
𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
1.39. DNE 1.40. 1 𝑥 → −1 𝑥→2
𝐷𝑁𝐸. 𝐷𝑁𝐸.

2.1. lim (2𝑥 − 1) 2.2. lim (2 − 5𝑥)

𝑥→0 𝑥→1
2𝑥−6 2
= 2(0) − 1 = 2 − 5(1) 2.11. lim 𝑥−3 2.12. lim
𝑥 −6𝑥+9
𝑥→3 𝑥−3
=0 −1 =2 −5 𝑥→3
2(3)−6 0 2
= 3 −6(3)+9
=
0
=− 1 =− 3 3−3 0
3−3 0
2(𝑥−3)
lim 𝑥−3
=2 (𝑥−3)
2

2 𝑥→3 lim 𝑥−3

= lim (𝑥 − 3) = 3 − 3
2.3. lim (𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4) 2.4. lim
2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1 2𝑥−6 𝑥→3 𝑥→3
𝑥 → −2 ∴ lim 𝑥−3
=2 (𝑥−3)
2
𝑥→4 𝑥→3 = 0, ∴ lim =0
2 𝑥−3
= (− 2) − 2(2) + 4 2 𝑥→3
= (4) + 2(4) + 1
=4 −4+4
= 16 + 8 + 1
=4
25

Property of: 11 - Euler

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∫ BASIC CALCULUS ⅀
2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter | S.Y. ‘24—’25 | Mrs. Michelle Cariaga | ✝️👑
𝑥−3 2 3 2
2.13. lim 2 2.14. lim
𝑥 −3𝑥+2
2.23. lim
𝑥 −1
2.24. lim
𝑥 +1
2
𝑥→3 𝑥 −6𝑥+9 𝑥−2 𝑥+1 𝑥 −1
𝑥→2 𝑥→1 𝑥→1
3−3 0 2 3 1+1 2
2 = 0
2 −3(2)+2
= 0
0 1 −1
=
0
=0 = 0
9 −6(3)+9 2−2 1+1 2 1−1
2 2
𝑥−3 1 1 1 3 𝑥 +1 𝑥 +1
lim = lim = = lim
(𝑥−2)(𝑥−1)
= lim (𝑥 − 1) = 2 − 1 𝑥 −1 Consider lim 2 and lim 2
𝑥→3 (𝑥−3)
2
𝑥→3
𝑥−3 3−3 0 𝑥−2 ∴ lim 𝑥+1
=0 𝑥→1
− 𝑥 −1
𝑥→1
+ 𝑥 −1
𝑥→2 𝑥→2 𝑥→1
Consider lim 𝑥−3 and lim 𝑥−3
1 1 2
𝑥 −3𝑥+2 As x = 0.9, 0.99, 0.999 … ⇒ y = -9.5, -99,
𝑥→3
−
𝑥→3
+ = 1, ∴ lim 𝑥−2
=1 -999 …
𝑥→2
As x = 2.9, 2.99, 2.999, … ⇒ y = -10, As x = 1.1, 1.01, 1.001 … ⇒ y = 10.5, 100, 1000
-100, -1000, … …
As x = 3.1, 3.01, 3.001, … ⇒ y = 10, 100, 𝑥 +1
2 2
𝑥 +1
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 lim =− ∞ ≠ lim =+ ∞
1000, …
2 2
𝑥→1
− 𝑥 −1 𝑥→1
+ 𝑥 −1
1 1 2
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 lim 𝑥−3
=− ∞ ≠ lim 𝑥−3
=+ ∞ 𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 lim
𝑥 +1
𝐷𝑁𝐸.
− +
𝑥→3 𝑥→3
2
𝑥→1 𝑥 −1
𝑥−3
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠, lim 2 𝑑𝑜𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡
𝑥→3 𝑥 −6𝑥+9

𝐷𝑁𝐸. 25. lim 𝑓(𝑥); 26. lim 𝑓(𝑥);

𝑥→0 𝑥→1

𝑥−2 𝑥−2
Visualize that
2.15. lim 2 2.16. lim 2 the graph of
𝑥→2 𝑥 −3𝑥+2 𝑥→1 𝑥 −3𝑥+2 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 3(1) = 3
2−2 0 1−2 −1 this function is a straight line y=1 𝑥→1
−

= =
2
2 −3(2)+2 0 2
1 −3(1)+2 0 except at x=0. Thus as 𝑥 → 0 from the lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 3
+
𝑥→1
lim
𝑥−2
= lim = 𝑥−1 =
1 1
Consider lim 𝑥−1 and lim 𝑥−1
1 1
left and right, we approach 1. Thus
(𝑥−2)(𝑥−1) 2−1 𝑥→1
−
𝑥→1
+
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 3
𝑥→2 𝑥→2 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − +
𝑥→1 𝑥→1
1 𝑥−2 As x = 0.9, 0.99, 0.999 … ⇒ y = -10, -100, 𝑥→0
= 1 = 1, ∴ lim 2 =1 ∴ lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 3
𝑥 → 2 𝑥 −3𝑥+2 -1000 …
𝑥→1
As x = 1.1, 1.01, 1.001 … ⇒ y = 10, 100, 1000 …
1 1
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 lim 𝑥−1 =− ∞ ≠ lim =+ ∞
𝑥→1
−
𝑥→1
+ 𝑥−1 27. lim 𝑓(𝑥); 28. lim 𝑓(𝑥);
𝑥−2 𝑥→4 𝑥→0
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 lim 2 𝐷𝑁𝐸.
𝑥 → 1 𝑥 −3𝑥+2 Visualize that
the graph of 2
lim 𝑓(𝑥) =− 0 = 0
2.17. lim (𝑥 +
1
) 2.18. lim (𝑥 +
1
) this function is a parabola with a 𝑥→0
−

𝑥 𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑥→1 hole at (4, 16). Thus as lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
2
+
1 1
0+ 0 1+ 1 𝑥 → 4 from the left and right, we 𝑥→0

1 3 approach 16. Thus lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 0

− +
lim 𝑥 + lim = 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
𝑥 2 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 16
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 1 3 ∴ lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
𝑥→4
1 ∴ lim (𝑥 + )= 𝑥→0
0 + lim 𝑥 𝑥→1
𝑥 2
𝑥→0
As x = 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 … ⇒ y = 10, 100,
1000 …
29. lim 𝑓(𝑥); 30. lim 𝑓(𝑥);
As x = -0.9 -0.09, -0.009 … ⇒ y = -10, 𝑥→0 𝑥→1
-100, -1000 …
1 1
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 lim 𝑥 =− ∞ ≠ lim 𝑥
=+ ∞ 2
𝑥→0
−
𝑥→0
+
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 = 0 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 2(1) = 2
−
1 𝑥→0
−
𝑥→1
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠 lim (𝑥 + 𝑥 ) 𝐷𝑁𝐸. 2
𝑥→0 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 0 = 1 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 1 = 2
+ +
𝑥→0 𝑥→1

2 𝑥−3
lim 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ lim 𝑓(𝑥) lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
2.19. lim
2𝑥−5𝑥 2.20. lim 6−3𝑥 𝑥→0
−
𝑥→0
+
𝑥→1
−
𝑥→1
+

𝑥 𝑥→3
𝑥→0 ∴ lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝐷𝑁𝐸. ∴ lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
3−3 0
2(0)−5(0)
2
0 = −3 = 0 𝑥→0 𝑥→1
0
= 0 6−3(3)
𝑥−3
lim
𝑥(2−5𝑥)
= lim (2 − 5𝑥) ∴ lim 6−3𝑥
= 0
𝑥 𝑥→3
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
= 2 − 5(0) = 2
2𝑥−5𝑥
2 31. lim 𝑓(𝑥); 32. lim 𝑓(𝑥);
∴ lim 𝑥
=2 𝑥→2 𝑥→0
𝑥→0
Because 2 > 1, Because 0 < 1,
2 3
we use x+2 we use 2x
𝑥 −1 𝑥 −1
2.21. lim 𝑥−1
2.22. lim 𝑥−1 ∴ lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + 2 = 4 ∴ lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 2(0) = 0
𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→2 𝑥→0
2 3
1 −1 0 1 −1 0
1−1
= 0 1−1
= 0 2 2
𝑥 +1− 2 𝑥 +5− 30
33. lim 34. lim
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1) 2
(𝑥−1)(𝑥 +𝑥+1) 2
lim 𝑥−1
= lim (𝑥 + 1) lim = lim (𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1) 𝑥−1 𝑥−5
𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→1
𝑥−1
𝑥→1 𝑥→1 𝑥→5
2
𝑥 −1 3 2− 2 0 30− 30 0
1 + 1 = 2, ∴ lim =2 = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3, ∴ lim
𝑥 −1
=3 1−1
= 0 5−5
= 0
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
𝑥→1 𝑥→1 2 2 2 2
𝑥 +1− 2 𝑥 +1+ 2 𝑥 +5− 30 𝑥 +5+ 30
lim 𝑥−1
· 2
lim 𝑥−5
· 2
𝑥→1 𝑥 +1+ 2 𝑥→5 𝑥 +5+ 30

Property of: 11 - Euler

4
∫ BASIC CALCULUS ⅀
2nd Semester, 3rd Quarter | S.Y. ‘24—’25 | Mrs. Michelle Cariaga | ✝️👑
2 2
(𝑥 +1)−2 (𝑥 +5)−30
= lim 2
= lim 2
𝑥→1 (𝑥−1)( 𝑥 +1+ 2) 𝑥→5 (𝑥−5)( 𝑥 +5+ 30)
2 2
𝑥 −1 𝑥 −25
= lim 2
= lim 2
𝑥→1 (𝑥−1)( 𝑥 +1+ 2) 𝑥→5 (𝑥−5)( 𝑥 +5+ 30)
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1) (𝑥−5)(𝑥+5)
= lim 2
= lim 2
𝑥→1 (𝑥−1)( 𝑥 +1+ 2) 𝑥→5 (𝑥−5)( 𝑥 +5+ 30)
𝑥+1 1+1 𝑥+5
= lim 2
= 2
= lim 2
𝑥→1 ( 𝑥 +1+ 2) 1 +1+ 2 𝑥→5 𝑥 +5+ 30
2 1 2 2 5+5 10 5 30
= = · = 2
= = = ·
2 2 2 2 25+5+ 30 2 30 30 30
2
𝑥 +1− 2 2 5 30 30
∴ lim = = 30
= 6
𝑥−1 2
𝑥→1 2
𝑥 +5− 30 30
∴ lim 𝑥−5
= 6
𝑥→5

2
𝑥 +1
35. lim
2𝑥+2−2
𝑥→1
1+1 0
2−2
= 0
Without computing, let’s solve this by considering 𝑥 → 1 from the left and right.
2
𝑥 + 1 is always positive, so we only need to focus on the denominator. When x
2
𝑥 +1
is less than 1, 2𝑥 + 2 − 2 gets smaller and is negative, thus is negatively
2𝑥+2−2
large. Meanwhile, When x is larger than 1, 2𝑥 + 2 − 2 gets larger and is positive,
2 2 2
𝑥 +1 𝑥 +1 𝑥 +1
thus is positively large. This all means that lim ≠ lim
2𝑥+2−2 − 2𝑥+2−2 + 2𝑥+2−2
𝑥→1 𝑥→1
2
𝑥 +1
∴ lim 𝐷𝑁𝐸.
2𝑥+2−2
𝑥→1

Property of: 11 - Euler

5