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1 NormalStress

The document discusses the mechanics of deformable bodies, focusing on the relationship between applied loads and internal effects on materials. It explains key concepts such as yield strength, ultimate strength, stress types, and the importance of cross-sectional geometry in determining internal forces. Examples include the analysis of suspension bridges and calculations for stress limits in various materials.

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23 views17 pages

1 NormalStress

The document discusses the mechanics of deformable bodies, focusing on the relationship between applied loads and internal effects on materials. It explains key concepts such as yield strength, ultimate strength, stress types, and the importance of cross-sectional geometry in determining internal forces. Examples include the analysis of suspension bridges and calculations for stress limits in various materials.

Uploaded by

yestinglenpetalcorin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

• Study of the relationship between externally


applied loads and their internal effects on rigid
bodies.
• RIGID BODY – bodies which neither change in
shape and size after the application of forces.
• FREE BODY DIAGRAM – Sketch of the isolated
body showing all the forces on it.
• THREE MAJOR DIVISIONS OF MECHANICS
1. Mechanics of Rigid Bodies – Engineering
Mechanics
2. Mechanics of Deformable Bodies – Strength of
Materials
3. Mechanics of Fluids - Hydraulics
• The strength of a material is its ability to
withstand an applied stress without failure
• Two categories -> Yield Strength and Ultimate
Strength
• Yield strength refers to the point on the
engineering stress-strain curve beyond which
the material begins deformation that cannot be
reversed upon removal of the loading
• Ultimate strength refers to the point on the
engineering stress-strain curve corresponding
to the maximum stress.
• A material's strength is dependent on its
microstructure.
• Yield Strength-> the
stress level at which a
material begins to
deform plastically
• Ultimate Strength -> It
is the maxima of the
stress-strain curve. It
is the point at which
necking will start
• Fr ac t u r e S t r e n g t h - >
The stress calculated
immediately before the
fracture.
• By setting up the equilibrium conditions,
the inner forces of a member subjected to
an external load situation can be
determined. So far neither the material nor
the type of cross section applied for the
member are being taken into account. But
both material and type of cross section
obviously have an impact on the behavior of
the member subjected to load.
• To design the member therefore a closer
look on how the internal forces act along its
cross section needs to be taken.
• Suspension bridges are good example of structures that
carry these stresses. The weight of the vehicle is carried
by the bridge deck and passes the force to the stringers
(vertical cables), which in turn, supported by the main
suspension cables. The suspension cables then transferred
the force into bridge towers.
• Stress
• Stress is the expression of force applied to a unit
area of surface. It is measured in psi (English unit)
or in MPa (SI unit). Another unit of stress which is
not commonly used is the dynes (cgs unit). Stress
is the ratio of force over area.
• stress = force / area

• Simple Stresses
• There are three types of simple stress namely;
normal stress, shearing stress, and bearing stress.
•When a force is transmitted through a body,
the body tends to change its shape or
deform. The body is said to be strained.

•Direct Stress = Applied Force (F)


Cross Sectional Area (A)

•Units: Usually N/m2 (Pa), N/mm2, MN/m2,


GN/m2 or N/cm2
•Note: 1 N/mm2 = 1 MN/m2 = 1 MPa
• Direct stress may be tensile,  t or compressive, c and
result from forces acting perpendicular to the plane of
the cross-section
Tension

Compression

• Tensile stress applied to bar tends the bar to elongate


while compressive stress tend to shorten the bar.

• where P is the applied normal load in Newton and A is the area


in mm2. The maximum stress in tension or compression occurs
over a section normal to the load.
• conclusion: the normal stress acting along a section of
a member only depends on the external load applied
(e.g. a normal force F) and the geometry of its cross
section A (true for statically determinant systems).
•A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported at either end by a
cable as shown. Calculate the smallest area of each cable if
the stress is not to exceed 90 MPa in bronze and 120 MPa in
steel.
•The homogeneous bar shown is supported by a smooth pin at
C and a cable that runs from A to B around the smooth peg at
D. Find the stress in the cable if its diameter is 0.6 inch and
the bar weighs 6000 lb.
• An aluminum rod is rigidly attached between a steel rod and a
bronze rod as shown. Axial loads are applied at the positions
indicated. Find the maximum value of P that will not exceed a
stress in steel of 140 MPa, in aluminum of 90 MPa, or in bronze
of 100 MPa.

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