URDANETA CITY College of Engineering and

UNIVERSITY Architecture
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CORRELATION 1 Pythagorean Theorem
TRIGONOMETRY
- In any right triangle, the square of the longest
side (hypotenuse) equals the sum of the
squares of the other two sides.
ANGLES
From the right triangle shown below:
Angle
- Is the space between two rays that extend
from a commin point called the vertex.

2 2 2
a + b =c
An acute angle is an angle < 90° Trigonometric Identities
A right angle is an angle = 90°
An obtuse angle is an angle > 90°
A straight angle is ang angle = 180°
A reflex angle is an angle > 180°
Complementary angles are angles whose sum is 90°
Supplementary angles are angles whose sum is
180°
Explementary angles are angles whose sum is 360°

Units of Angle
π
90 °= radians=100 grades=1600 mils
2
1 radian is the angle subtended by an arc of a
circle whose length is one radius.

Functions of a Right Triangle

From the right triangle shown: (soh-cah-toa)

opposite side
sin θ=
hypotenuse
adjacent side
cos θ=
hypotenuse
opposite side
tanθ=
adjacent side
adjacent side
cot θ=
opposite side
hypotenuse
sec θ=
adjacent side
hypotenuse
csc θ=
opposite side
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A−B
cos [ ]
a+b 2
=
c C
sin( )
2
How to get the other trigonometric functions
with one function known
Ex. If sin θ=1/k , find the other functions
From the right triangle shown:

k
1

Oblique Triangles
√ k 2−1
An oblique triangle is any triangle that is not a right
cos θ= √
triangle. It could be an acute triangle or it could be an k 2−1
obtuse angle. k

1
tanθ=
√ k 2−1
Other elements and properties of a triangle

Area of a Triangle

Sine Law
In any triangle, the ratio of any one side to the sine of
its opposite angle is constant. (This constant ratio is
the diameter of the circle circumscribing the triangle.)
h
a b c
= = θ
sin A sin B sin C
Cosine Law
In any triangle, the square of any one side equals the
Given base c and altitude h
sum of the squares of the other two sides, diminished
by twice their product to the cosine of its included
1
angle. Area= ( base × height )
2 2 2 2
a =b +c −2 bccos A
2 2 2
b =a +c −2 accos A 1
Area= ch
2 2 2
c =a + b −2 abcos A 2
Tangent Law
Given two sides a and c and included angle θ

1
Area= acsinθ
2
Given three sides a, b, and c (use Heron’s Formula)

Area=√ s (s−a)(s−b)( s−c )

a+ b+c
s=
2
Mollweide’s Equations
A−B Given three angles A, B, and C and one side a:
sin[ ]
a−b 2 2
= a sin B sin C
c C Area=
cos( ) 2 sin A
2
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included in between the other two sides. The angle

bisectors of a triangle intersect at a point called the
incenter of the triangle.

Median of a Triangle
The median of a triangle is the line drawn from one
vertex to the midpoint of its opposite side. The
medians of a triangle intersect at a common point
called the centroid of the triangle.
From the oblique triangle shown, lines AE, CD, and FB
are medians. Point O is the centroid of triangle.

With all the sides and angles already known, the angle
bisectors of a triangle can be solved using sine law, or
using the formulas:
2
b a=
b+c
√bcs (s−a)
2
b b=
a+c
√acs (s−b)
With all sides and angles already known, the median
2
can be solved using cosine law or by the following
formula:
b c=
a+b
√|(s−c)|
2 2
4 ma=2 b +2 c −a
2 2
a+ b+c
s= ,(semi− perimeter )
2
2 2 2 2 xx----------------------nothing follows-------------------------xx
4 mb=2 a +2 c −b
PREPARED BY:
2 2 2 2
4 mc =2 a +2 b −c
ENGR. SAMUEL N. ARZADON, RMEE
Altitude of a triangle Mechanical Engineering Department
The altitude of a triangle is the line drawn from one
vertex perpendicular to its opposite side. The altitudes
of a triangle intersect at a point called the
orthocenter of the triangle.

With all sides and angles known, the altitudes of the

triangle can be solved from the right triangles formed
by these altitudes. If the area of the triangle At is
known, the altitudes of the triangle can be solved using
the following formulas:
2 At
a a=
a
2 At
a b=
b
2 At
a c=
c

Angle bisector of a triangle

The angle bisector of a triangle is the line drawn from
one vertex to the opposite side bisecting the angle
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Exercises. Solve the following problems. 1

1. If θ = 60° is in standard position, find two positive a. sin x cos x
2
angles and two negative angles that are coterminal
with θ
2. Suppose that a 24-inch diameter wheel is rotating
b.
( )
1
2 sin x cos x
2
at a rate of 800 rpm (revolutions per minute). c. −2 sin x cos x
a. Find the angular speed of the wheel.
b. Find the linear speed (in in./min and mi/hr) 2sin x
d.
of a point on the circumference of the sec x
wheel. 17. If sin A = 3/5 and A is in the second quadrant while
3. A bicycle with 20-in wheels is traveling down a cosine B = 7/25 and B is in the first quadrant, find
road at 15 mi/h. Find the angular velocity of the sin(A+B)
wheel in revolutions per minute. 18. From the third floor window of a building, the angle
−3 of depression of an object on the ground is 35°58’,
4. If cos θ= and tanθ is negative, the value of
while from a sixth floor window, 9.75 m above the
4
first point of observation, the angle of depression is
sin θ is 58°35’. How far is the object from the building?
3
5. The expression csc θ cos θ tanθ is equivalent to? a. 9.70 m
6. If the supplement of an angle θ is 5/2 of its b. 10.70 m
c. 11.70 m
complement, find the value of θ?
d. 8.70 m
7. If cos z=2, find cos 2 z .
19. An airplane having a speed of 120 miles an hour in
8. What is the value of x in Arctan 3x + Arctan 2x = calm air is pointed in a direction of 30 degrees east
45 degrees? of north. A wind having a velocity of 15 miles an
9. In the following illustration, angles 2 and 5 are 90°, hour is blowing from the northwest. Find the speed
AD = 15, DC = 20, and AC = 25. What are the of the airplane relative to the ground.
lengths BC and BD, respectively? 20. An airplane can fly at an airspeed of 300 mph. If
D there is a wind blowing towards the east at 50
mph, what should the planes compass heading in
order for its course to be 30 degrees. What will be
the planes ground speed if it flies at this course?

10. A
A C
B
triangular fish pen has sides 30 cm, 50
cm, and 60 cm. Find the acute angle opposite to
the shortest side.
11. Find the height of a tree if the angle of elevation of
its top changes from 20 deg to 40 deg as the
observer advances 23 meters towards the base.
12. The vertical angle to the top of a flagpole from
point A on the ground is observed to be 37°11’.
The observer walks 17m directly away from point A
and the flagpole to point B and find the new angle
to be 25°43’. What is the approximate height of
the flagpole?
13. Two stones are 1 mile apart and are of the same
level as the foot of the hill. The angles of
depression of the two stones viewed from the top
of the hill are 5 degrees and 15 degrees
respectively. Find the height of the hill.
a. 109.01 m
b. 209.01 m
c. 409.01 m
d. 309.01 m
14. A photographer wants to take a picture of a 4 feet
vase standing on a 3 feet pedestal. She wants to
position the camera at point C on the floor so that
the angles subtended by the vase and the pedestal
are the same size. How far away from the foot of
the pedestal should the camera be?
15. Two cars A and B started at the same time from
the same point and moved along a straight line
which intersects at an angle of 60 degrees. If car A
was moving at the rate of 50 kph and car B at the
rate of 70 kph, how far apart are they at the end of
45 minutes?
16. What is an equivalent expression for sin2x?