CHEMISTRY RECORD MATERIAL

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-1 (NH4)2CO3

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST :
1.COLOUR : Colourless/White Absence of Cu2+ Fe2+Fe3+
Noted the colour of the salt . Mn2+ Co2+ Ni2+ .

2. ACTION OF HEAT: Presence of CO₃2-

Colourless gas turning
A pinch of salt is heated in a dry test tube .
Limewater milky
3. FLAME TEST:
A pinch of salt taken in a watch glass a drop of No characteristic flame
concentrated HCI is added and made into a paste Absence of Cu2+Ba2+Ca2+.
.The paste is introduced into the non-luminous
flame.
4. ASH TEST :
To a little bit of the salt solution in the test tube No characteristic ash
added concentrated HNO3 and cobalt nitrate .A filter Absence of Al3+, Zn2+,Mg2+.
paper in dipped in the solution and ignited.
5. ACTION OF H2SO4 :
To a little of the salt in the test tube added dilute
Brick effervescence is Presence of CO₃2-
H2SO4
seen .A colourless gas
turning lime water
milky
IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICAL :

6. POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE TEST : KMnO4 not

To a little of the salt in the test tube added 2ml of dil Absence of Fe2+ , C2O42- ,Cl-
decolourised
H2SO4and then KMnO4 soln dropwise
7. COPPER TURNING TEST: No Reddish brown gas
To a little of the salt in a dry test tube added few Cu Absence of NO₃-
turning and concentrated H ₂SO₄.
 TEST FOR SO42-ANDPO43-:
8. BARIUM CHLORIDE TEST: White precipitate Presence of CO₃2- is
To a little of extract added Barium chloride solution . soluble in conc. HCl confirmed .
9. AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE TEST:
To a little of the salt added concentrated HNO ₃ till No Canary yellow
the fumes cease to evolve and then added precipitate is formed Absence of PO₄3-
ammonium molybdate solution.

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICAL 1. To a Brick effervescence is Presence of CO₃2- is

little of the salt in the test tube added dilute H2SO4. seen .A colourless gas confirmed
turning lime water
milky
BARIUM CHLORIDE TEST:
To a little of extract added Barium chloride solution .
White precipitate Presence of CO₃2- is
soluble in conc. HCl confirmed

IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICAL :

To a little of the Salt solution added NaoH and A pungent smelling gas is evolved Presence of Zero
warmed Dense white fumes are observed when group radical
a glass rod dipped in conc. Hcl is (NH₄+)
brought to mouth of the test tube
GROUP ANALYSIS:
PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SALT SOLUTION:
To a little of the given salt added water and dissolved and labeled as original solution (OS) .
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
To a little of the OS dil HCl added No characteristic precipitate Absence of group I
is obtained
To a little of the OS added dil.HCl and then No characteristic precipitate Absence of group II.
passed H₂S gas is obtained
A little of the OS solution added NH₄Cl,NH₄OH No characteristic precipitate Absence of group III radical
is obtained
To a little of the OS solution added No characteristic precipitate Absence of group IV radical
NH₄Cl,NH₄OHand H₂Sgas is passed ( yellow is obtained
(NH₄)2S)
To a little of the OS solution added No characteristic precipitate Absence of group V radical
NH₄Cl,NH₄OH and (NH₄)₂CO₃ is obtained
To a little of the OS solution added No characteristic precipitate
NH₄Cl,NH₄OH and Amm. Phosphate solution. is obtained Absence of group VI radical
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL
Confirmatory test for NH₄+ A pungent smelling gas is
(i)To a little of the OS solution added NaOH and evolved
warmed Dense white fumes are
observed when a glass rod Presence of NH₄⁺is confirmed
dipped in conc. HCl is
brought to mouth of the test
tube
(ii) Added Nesslers reagent to the OS . Reddish brown precipitate is
obtained
Presence of NH₄⁺is confirmed
RESULT : The substance contains : Basic radical : NH₄⁺Acid radicaI :CO₃2-
Therefore the given substance is : (NH4)2CO3

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-2 (Pb(NO3)2

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST : Absence of Cu2+
1.COLOUR : Colourless/White Fe2+Fe3+
Noted the colour of the salt Mn2+ Co2+ Ni2+ .
.
2. ACTION OF HEAT:
A pinch of salt is heated in a dry test tube. Reddish brown gas are formed Presence of Pb
Decripitation (NO₃)2

3. FLAME TEST:
A pinch of salt taken in a watch glass a drop of
concentrated HCI is added and made into a Absence of
No characteristic flame
paste .The paste is introduced into the non- Cu2+Ba2+Ca2+.
luminous flame.
4. ASH TEST :
To a little bit of the salt solution in the test tube
added concentrated HNO3 and cobalt nitrate .A No characteristic ash Absence of Al3+,
filter paper in dipped in the solution and ignited. Zn2+,Mg2+.
5. ACTION OF H2SO4 :
To a little of the salt in the test tube added No brisk effervesence Absence of
dilute H2SO4 CO₃-2

To a little of the salt in the test tube added Presence of

Reddish brown vapours
ConcH2SO4 NO₃-
IDENTIFICATION OF
ACID RADICAL :
6. POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE TEST :
To a little of the salt in the test tube added 2ml KMnO4 not decolourised Absence of Fe2+
of dil H2SO4and then KMnO4 soln dropwise , C2O42- ,Cl-
7. COPPER TURNING TEST:
To a little of the salt in a dry test tube added few Reddish brown gas Presence of
Cu turning and concentrated H ₂SO₄. NO₃-

PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT : A pinch of salt is mixed with double the amount of
Sodium carbonate and is boiled with distilled water .The suspension obtained is filtered . the filtrate is
Sodium carbonate extract.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
TEST FOR SO42-ANDPO43-:
8. BARIUM CHLORIDE TEST: No white precipitate Absence of
To a little of extract added Barium chloride solution . SO₄2-
 9. AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE TEST:
To a little of the salt added concentrated HNO ₃ till the No Canary yellow precipitate is Absence of
fumes cease to evolve and then added ammonium formed PO₄3-
molybdate solution.

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICAL .

1. COPPER TURNING TEST: Reddish brown gas is evolved . Presence of
To a little of the salt in a dry test tube added few Cu NO₃- is
turning and concentrated H ₂SO₄. confirmed .

A dark brown ring is formed at Presence of

2. BROWN RING TEST: the junction of the two liquids NO₃- is
To a little of the extract added freshly prepared FeSO₄ confirmed
solution and then added concentrated H₂SO₄ along the
sides of the test tube
IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICAL :
To a little of the Salt solution added No characteristic change. Absence of Zero group .
NaOH and warmed

GROUP ANALYSIS:
PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SALT SOLUTION:
To a little of the given salt added water and dissolved and labeled as original solution (OS) .
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
To little of the OS dil HCl added White precipate obtained Presence of
Confirmatory test for Pb2+ group I
(i)To a little of the OS solution added A yellow precipitate is obtained Presence of
Potassium chromate solution . Pb2+

(i)To a little of the OS solution added KI A yellow precipitate is obtained when Presence of
solution. hot water is added to the precipitate Pb2+ is
boiled and cooled under the tap yellow confirmed
golden spangles are obtained
Result: The given substance contain Basic Radical : Pb2+
Acid Radical :NO₃-
Therefore the given substance is :Pb(NO₃)2

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-3 Al2(SO4)3

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST : Absence of Cu2+
1.COLOUR : Colourless/White Fe2+Fe3+
Noted the colour of the salt . Mn2+ Co2+ Ni2+

2. ACTION OF HEAT: No characteristic change. Absence of NO₃-,

A pinch of salt is heated in a dry test tube . CO₃2-, CuSO₄

3. FLAME TEST: Absence of

No characteristic flame
A pinch of salt taken in a watch glass a drop of Cu2+Ba2+Ca2+.
concentrated HCI is added and made into a paste
.The paste is introduced into the non-luminous
flame.
4. ASH TEST :
To a little bit of the salt solution in the test tube Presence of Al3+.
Blue coloured ash
added concentrated HNO3 and cobalt nitrate .A
filter paper in dipped in the solution and ignited.
5. ACTION OF H2SO4 : Absence of CO₃2-
To a little of the salt in the test tube added dilute No Brick effervescence
H2SO4
To a little of the salt in the test tube added No gas / vapours evolved Absence of CO₃2-NO₃-
ConcH2SO4. Cl- CH3COO-
IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICAL : Absence of Fe2+ ,
6. POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE TEST : KMnO4 not decolourised
C2O42- ,Cl-
To a little of the salt in the test tube added 2ml of
dil H2SO4 and then KMnO4 soln dropwise
7. COPPER TURNING TEST: Absence of NO₃-
To a little of the salt in a dry test tube added few No Reddish brown gas
Cu turning and concentrated H ₂SO₄.
PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT : A pinch of salt is mixed with double the amount of
Sodium carbonate and is boiled with distilled water .The suspension obtained is filtered . the filtrate is
Sodium carbonate extract.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

TEST FOR SO42-ANDPO43-:
8. BARIUM CHLORIDE TEST: A white precipitate insoluble in Presence of SO₄2- is
To a little of extract added Barium chloride con .HCl confirmed
solution .
9. AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE TEST:
To a little of the salt added concentrated HNO ₃ No Canary yellow precipitate is Absence of PO₄3-
till the fumes cease to evolve and then added formed
ammonium molybdate solution.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICAL .
1. BARIUM CHLORIDE TEST: A white precipitate insoluble in Presence of SO₄2- is
To a little of extract added Barium chloride con .HCl confirmed
solution .
2.LEAD ACETATE TEST: A white precipitates obtained Presence of SO₄2- is
To a little of the extract added dil acetic acid and confirmed
lead acetate solution.

IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICAL :

To a little of the Salt solution added NaoH and No characteristic change. Absence of Zero
warmed group .
GROUP ANALYSIS:
PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SALT SOLUTION:
To a little of the given salt added water and dissolved and labeled as original solution (OS) .
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
To a little of the OS dil HCl added No characteristic precipitate Absence of group I
is obtained
To a little of the OS added dil.HCl and then No characteristic precipitate Absence of group II.
passed H₂S gas is obtained
A little of the OS solution added NH₄Cl,NH₄OH. A gelatinous white Presence of group III
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL precipitate is obtained radical (Al3+)
Confirmatory test for Al3+
To a little of the OS solution added NaOH. A white precipitate is Presence of Al3+ is
formed which dissolves in confirmed
excess of NaOH
To a little of the OS solution added Aluminon
reagent Bright red lake is obtained Presence of Al3+ is
confirmed
RESULT : The substance contains : Basic radical : Al3+Acid radicaI : SO42-
The given substance is :Al2(SO4)3

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-4 ZnSO4

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST :
1.COLOUR : Colourless Absence of Cu2+
Noted the colour of the salt . Fe2+Fe3+
2. ACTION OF HEAT: Mn2+ Co2+ Ni2+
A pinch of salt is heated in a dry test tube . No characteristic change Absence of NO₃-1,
3. FLAME TEST: CO₃2-, CuSO₄
A pinch of salt taken in a watch glass a drop of
concentrated HCI is added and made into a paste Absence of
No characteristic change
.The paste is introduced into the non-luminous Cu2+Ba2+Ca2+.
flame.
4. ASH TEST :
To a little bit of the salt solution in the test tube
Presence of Zn2+
added concentrated HNO3 and cobalt nitrate .A Green coloured ash
filter paper in dipped in the solution and ignited.
5. ACTION OF H2SO4 :
To a little of the salt in the test tube added dilute No Brick effervescence Absence of CO₃2-
H2SO4
Absence of CO₃2-NO₃-
To a little of the salt in the test tube added No gas / vapours evolved
ConcH2SO4. Cl- CH3COO-
IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICAL :
6. POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE TEST : Absence of Fe2+ ,
To a little of the salt in the test tube added 2ml of KMnO4 not decolourised C2O42- ,Cl-
dil H2SO4and then KMnO4 soln dropwise
7. COPPER TURNING TEST:
To a little of the salt in a dry test tube added few No Reddish brown gas Absence of NO₃-
Cu turning and concentrated H ₂SO₄.
PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT : A pinch of salt is mixed with double the amount of
Sodium carbonate and is boiled with distilled water .The suspension obtained is filtered . the filtrate is
Sodium carbonate extract.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
TEST FOR SO42-ANDPO43-:
8. BARIUM CHLORIDE TEST: A white precipitate insoluble Presence of SO₄2- is
To a little of extract added Barium chloride in con .HCl confirmed
solution .
9. AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE TEST:
To a little of the salt added concentrated HNO₃ till No Canary yellow precipitate Absence of PO₄3-
the fumes cease to evolve and then added is formed
ammonium molybdate solution.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICAL .
1. BARIUM CHLORIDE TEST: A white precipitate insoluble Presence of SO₄2- is
To a little of extract added Barium chloride in con .HCl confirmed
solution .
2. LEAD ACETATE TEST:
To a little of the extract added dil acetic acid and white precipitates obtained Presence of SO₄2- is
lead acetate solution confirmed
IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICAL :
To a little of the Salt solution added NaoH and No characteristic change Absence of Zero group
warmed . .

GROUP ANALYSIS:
PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SALT SOLUTION:
To a little of the given salt added water and dissolved and labeled as original solution (OS) .
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
To a little of the OS dil HCl added No characteristic precipitate is Absence of group I
obtained
To a little of the OS added dil.HCl and then passed No characteristic precipitate is Absence of group II.
H₂S gas obtained
A little of the OS solution added NH₄Cl,NH₄OH No characteristic precipitate is Absence of group III
obtained radical
To a little of the OS solution added A white precipitate is Presence of group IV
NH₄Cl,NH₄OHand H₂Sgas is passed ( yellow obtained . radical (Zn2+)
(NH₄)2S)

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL

Confirmatory test forZn2+
To a little of the OS solution added NaOH. White precipitate in excess of Presence of Zn2+ is
NaOH confirmed

To a little of the OS solution added K₄[Fe(CN)₆] Bluish white precipitate is

obtained Presence of Zn2+ is
confirmed

Result: The given substance contain Basic Radical-Zn2+

Acid Radical-SO42-
Therefore the given substance is--ZnSO4 .

SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-5 NiCl2

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST :
1.COLOUR : Green Presence of Cu2+
Noted the colour of the salt . Fe2+Fe3+ Ni2+
2. ACTION OF HEAT:
A pinch of salt is heated in a dry test tube . No characteristic change
3. FLAME TEST: Absence of NO₃,
A pinch of salt taken in a watch glass a drop of CO₃2-, CuSO₄
concentrated HCI is added and made into a No characteristic flame
paste .The paste is introduced into the Absence of
nonluminous flame. Cu2+Ba2+Ca2+.
4. ASH TEST :
To a little bit of the salt solution in the test tube
added concentrated HNO3 and cobalt nitrate .A No characteristic ash
Absence of Al3+,
filter paper in dipped in the solution and ignited. Zn2+,Mg2+.

IDENTIFICATION OF
5. ACTION OF H2SO4 : ACID RADICAL :
To a little of the salt in the test tube added
dilute H2SO4 No characteristic change
To a little of the salt in the test tube added Colourless gas with pungent
Absence of
ConcH2SO4 CO₃2-.
smell White precipitate with
Presence of Cl-
6. POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE TEST : AgNO3
To a little of the salt in the test tube added 2ml KMnO4 decolourised with
Presence of Cl-
of dil H2SO4 and then KMnO4 soln dropwise evolution of (Cl 2) gas
7. COPPER TURNING TEST:
To a little of the salt in a dry test tube added few No Reddish brown gas
Absence of NO₃-
Cu turning and concentrated H ₂SO₄.

PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT : A pinch of salt is mixed with double the amount of
Sodium carbonate and is boiled with distilled water .The suspension obtained is filtered . the filtrate is
Sodium carbonate extract.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
TEST FOR SO42-ANDPO43-:
8. BARIUM CHLORIDE TEST: No white precipitate Absence of SO₄2-
To a little of extract added Barium chloride
solution
9. AMMONIUM MOLYBDATE TEST:
To a little of the salt added concentrated HNO₃ No Canary yellow precipitate is Absence of PO₄3-
till the fumes cease to evolve and then added formed
ammonium molybdate solution.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICAL .
1. CHROMYL CHLORIDE TEST:
(i)A little bit of the salt is heated with potassium Reddish orange vapour
dichromate crystals and concentrated H₂ SO₄ Presence of Cl-
confirmed
(ii)Pass the vapour through NaOH solution. Yellow solution is obtained

(iii)Lead acetate is added to the above solution. Yellow precipitation is formed

2. SILVER NITRATE TEST:

To a little of extract added dil.HNO₃ and silver A curdy white precipitate is Presence of Cl-
nitrate solution. obtained which is soluble in NH₄OH confirmed
 IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICAL :
To a little of the Salt solution added No characteristic change Absence of
NaoH and warmed group zero
GROUP ANALYSIS:PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL SALT SOLUTION:
To a little of the given salt added water and dissolved and labeled as original solution (OS) .
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
To a little of the OS dil HCl added No characteristic precipitate is Absence of group I
obtained
To a little of the OS added dil.HCl and No characteristic precipitate is Absence of group II.
then passed H₂S gas obtained
A little of the OS solution added No characteristic precipitate is Absence of group III
NH₄Cl,NH₄OH obtained radical
To a little of the OS solution added A black precipitate is obtained . Presence of group IV
NH₄Cl,NH₄OHand H₂Sgas is passed ( radical (Ni2+)
yellow (NH₄)2S)
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC
RADICAL
Confirmatory test for Ni2+
To a little of the OS solution added A rosy red precipitate is obtained Presence of Ni2+ is
NH₄OH in excess and then added confirmed
Dimethyl glyoxime.
To another part add NaOH in excess A black precipitate is obtained Presence of Ni2+ is
and bromine water . Boil . confirmed
RESULT : The given substance contains : Basic radical : Ni2+Acid radicaI : Cl-
Therefore the given substance is :NiCl2