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organic analysis (1)

The document outlines various tests for identifying functional groups in organic compounds, including tests for unsaturation, carboxylic acids, phenols, ketones, aldehydes, and amino groups. Each test includes the experiment conducted, observations made, and inferences drawn regarding the presence of specific functional groups. The results indicate the presence or absence of these groups based on color changes and reactions with specific reagents.

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ishafarhat2007
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15 views

organic analysis (1)

The document outlines various tests for identifying functional groups in organic compounds, including tests for unsaturation, carboxylic acids, phenols, ketones, aldehydes, and amino groups. Each test includes the experiment conducted, observations made, and inferences drawn regarding the presence of specific functional groups. The results indicate the presence or absence of these groups based on color changes and reactions with specific reagents.

Uploaded by

ishafarhat2007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TEST FOR THE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

SL. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE


NO
1. Test for unsaturation No decolorization Unsaturation/phenol
To 1ml of organic compound add absent
bromine water drop by drop Bromine water
decolorizes with Phenol may be
formation of white present
ppt
2. Take solid compound on a spatula Burns with sooty Presence of aromatic
and heat it flame compound
3. Add a drop of compound or solution
of compound on a wet blue litmus It changes to red Carboxylic acid or
paper phenol may be
present
4. Test for Phenolic group violet colour formed Presence of phenol
To 1 ml of organic compound add 2
drops of neutral ferric chloride No violet colour Absence of phenol
solution formed

5. Test for Carbonyl group Orange yellow ppt Carbonyl group is


Shake 1ml of organic compound formed present. May be
with 2-3ml of 2,4 Dinitrophenyl aldehyde or ketone
hydrazine in a test tube
6. Tollens reagent Shiny silver mirror Aldehydic group is
To the given compound in a test formation confirmed
tube, add Tollen’s reagent and No shiny silver Ketonic group may
warm it in a water bath mirror formation be present

7. Test for amino group Red litmus turns Presence of amino


Add a drop of organic substance in blue group
a red litmus paper
No colour change Absence of amino
group

1. CARBOXYLIC ACID GROUP

SL.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE


1. Test for Carboxylic group Brisk effervescence Presence of
Added a pinch of NaHCO3 carboxyl group
to 1ml of organic confirmed
compound in a test tube
2. To the given organic
compound add ethyl Pleasant fruity smelling Carboxylic acid
alcohol and few drops of compound is formed group is confirmed
conc.sulphuric acid

2. PHENOLIC GROUP:

SL.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE


1. Liebermann’s test: add 2- Deep blue or green colour Presence of phenol
3 crystals of sodium nitrite appears which turns red on is confirmed
to the compound. Heat adding water carefully.
gently for half a minute
and allow it to cool. Then Add excess NaOH the blue
add 1mL of Con H2SO4 or green colour reappears.
and shake the test tube.
2. Take 2ml of aqueous or Violet colouration Phenolic group is
alcoholic solution of confirmed
compound and add 2-3
drops of aqueous neutral
FeCl3 solution

3. KETONIC GROUP:

SL.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE


1. 1ml of organic compound
is mixed with a few ml of Formation or red Ketonic group is
sodium nitroprusside colouration confirmed
solution, shake and add
sodium hydroxide
solution drop wise

4. ALDEHYDIC GROUP

SL.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE


1. To the given compound in a Shiny silver mirror Aldehydic group is
test tube, add Tollen’s formation confirmed
reagent and warm it in a
water bath
2. To the given solution add Brick red ppt Aldehydic group is
1ml of each Fehling’s A and confirmed
B. Warm it in a water bath
5. AMINO GROUP:

SL.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE


1. To the given organic compound, Compound Amino group
add dil.HCl shake the contents dissolves confirmed
Dye test: Take few drops of Orange or red dye Primary aromatic
2. compound and 1 ml of Con HCl in amine is confirmed
test tube A, aqueous solution of
NaNO2 in test tube B, beta
naphthol in NaOH in test tube C.
cool in ice bath. Add B to A and
after few seconds C to A

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