‘THANJAVUR, Identification of Func group Test for Functional Group in the given unknown Organic sample Experiment Observation Inference “1. Test for Unsaturat | A small amount of organic compound is taken in | dry test tube and added bromine water drop by drop and shaken the mixture Decolourisation is not noticed May be saturation is present A small amount of organic compound in a test “Colour of KMinOs is Presence of saturation tube is added with dilute aqueous KMnO, not discharged is confirmed solution drop by drop followed by KOH. 2. Test for alcoholic group: @ | CAN@Ceric Ammonium Nitrate) test: pe ee ‘Add few drops of Ceric Ammonium nitrate- ie ourhes been | May be alcoholic group (NHQ)2 Ce (NO3)s solution to the given organic Cee is present compound. mene 2ROH + (NHz)2Ce(NOs)s——> R{OH)2Ce(NOs)s + 2NHaNOs on ‘Wine ed elour _Aory Ceram V complex (ii) | Potassium hydroxide pellet test: Pe 4 ‘Add a pellet of KOH tothe given liquid organic | Yellow Precipitte | Presence eaten compound. Warm the solution till it dissolves smnre ee : KOH and add CS». pains C,H,OH +KOH —— CH-OK +H;,0 PocEibeasis : SK S=C=S + CH;0K —=>s i Bos Bésisenchatefelinrppt) Gi) ‘| Ester Tes y 5 e . Pleasant frnity smelling To the given organic compound add a small is : quantity of acetic acid and few drops of Cone. | Gtetformation has | Presence of alcoholic H2SOx, Warm the mixture in a water bath for ee eee anime few minutes. CG:HsOH + CHsCOOH —**, CHsCOOC:Hs + E20 Ettytaleobol Acetic acid Pleasant fraity smelling eter 3. Test for Phenolic group: @ Litmustest; Take a small quantity of organic sample with the help of dropper and place one or two drops on the blue litmus paper taken in a watch glass. Blue Litmus tuning into red is not seen May be absence of phenolic groupGi) je test: Take a small quantity of ‘compound with the help of dropper and add it to the small quantity of neutral Ferric chloride solution taken in a test tube. Violet colouration has | Absence of phenolic not been observed group is conformed Gi) Phthalein dye fest: Take a small quantity of the given organic compound in a test tube; to this add a small amount of phthalic anhydride and Appearance of pink | Absence of Phenolic treated with NaOH solution drop wise. Sow drops of Cone, FSO Heatthe solution | | colourisnot observed | group is confirmed is poured in the beaker containing 5 ml of NaOH solution. 4. Test for carbonyl group: (@ | 24:DNP test: (Brady's reagent): Take a small quantity of organic compound, to this add a A cf i small amount of alcohol using a dropper. Shake eee e the test tube well to dissolve the sample. Adda | Yellowish orange ven a small quantity of 2,4—DNP solution into the test | PreciPitate has not been | carbonyl group tube. Boil the mixture and allow it tocool for 5- rae 10 minutes. @ | Todoform test: To the given organic compound in a dry test tube | PPearance of yellow | A once of carbonyl add 2 ml of KL-b solution. The solution is then Sad, a group is confirmed 5. Test for Aldehydlic and Ketonic groups: G@) | Schiff’s reagent test: Take a small quantity of organic compound ina | Pink colourappearance | Absence of aldehydic test tube to this add a small amount of Schiff's is not noticed groupis confirmed reagent using the dropper. ae (i) | Tollen’s reagent test: - | To the given organic solution add small quantity | _ Shiny silver mirror : of Tollen’s solution ammonical silvernitrte | formation has not been | AbSenee of aldehydic solution). Heat the test tube in a boil water bath observed eo and then cool itfor few minutes. Gii) | Sodium Nitroprusside test: oe Add a small quantity of sodium Nitroprusside | Redcolovt formationis | sence of ketonic solution and a few drops of NaOH solution to nee gzoup is confirmed the given organic compound. eee 6. Test for carboxylic group: @® | Sodium bicarbonate test: etd To the given organic compound add a small eee has not _| Absence of carboxylic quantity of NaHCO; solution. Raia group is confirmed (i) | Ester Test: To the given organic compound add a small Pleasant fruity smelling a quantity of ethyl aleobol and few drops of Conc. | ester is formation isnot | Absence of carboxylic H2SOs. Warm the mixture in a water bath for noticed ese few minutes.7. Test for Amino group: @ Azo dye test: About 2-3 ml of organic compound is added with dil. HCI and the solution is cooled, then added sodium nitrite. Dissolved about 0.2 g of f-Napthol solution in dil. NaOH in another test tube and pour this solution into cooled solution. Appearance of scarlet red coloured precipitate has not been noticed Absence of amino group (-NHz) is confirmed Gi) | Carbylamines test: About 2-3 mL of organic compound added 2 mL of CHCl and 2 mL of KOH solution. The solution is warmed. Formation of offensive smelling compound is not noticed Absence of amino ‘group (-NH2) is confirmed Result: The given organic functional group is “Alcohol (-OH)’.cae ‘THAMARAL INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, THANJAVUR Experiment No: Identification of Functional group. ‘Aim: Test for Fanetional Group in the given unknown Organie sample ‘i _ Observation —_| ‘Saturation and Unsaturation : i | ‘A small amount of organic compound is taken in | Decolourisation is not | May be saturation is | | dry test tube and added bromine water drop by _ | noticed present | | drop and shaken the mixture Aina eh eae : | Gi) | A small amount of organic compound in a test ‘Colour of KMn0y is. Presence of saturation | tube is added with dilute aqueous KMnOs not discharged is confirmed lution drop by drop followed by KOH. _ E Bs a | 2 Test for alcoholic group: “@ | CAN(Ceric Ammonium Nitrate) t | Add few drops of Ceric Ammonium nitrate- Appearance of Wine | May be absenece of (NH4)2 Ce (NOs)s solution to the given organic ea ae an alcoholic group |__| compound. . (| Ester Test: Pleasant fruity smelling To the given organic compound add a small quantity of acetic acid and few drops of Cone. | H:SOs. Warm the mixture in a water bath for | few minutes. 3. Test for Phenolic group: (| Litmustest: Take a small quantity of organic | sample with the help of dropper and place one or | Blue Litmus turning | May be presence of two drops on the blue litmus paper taken in a into red is seen phenolic group ester formation has not | Absence of alcoholic been notice in the group is confirmed reaction mixture. tests Take a small quantity of ‘organic compound with the help of dropper and | ,, . add it to the small quantity of neutral Ferric Moe cleat ae | ee chloride solution taken in a test tube. on (a) 6C6HSOH + FeCl —> Fe|(OCsHs)sf* + 3H1Cl + 3H" io ak em ey (iii) Phthalein dye test: Take a small quantity of the given organic compound in a test tube; to this add a small amount of phthalic anhydride and | A rcarance of pink | Presence of Phenolic frameless tin, | “Sorvoswtet| ‘smocnme is poured in the beaker containing 5 ml of NaOH solution. 4, Test for carbonyl group: (i) | 24-DNP test: (Brady’s reagent): Take a small ‘Appearance of May be absence of __| quantity of organic compound, to this add a Yellowish orange carbonyl groupt | small amount of alcohol using a dropper. Shake | the test tube well to dissolve the sample. Add a | small quantity of 2,4 — DNP solution into the test | tube. Boil the mixture and allow it tocool for S~ | 10 minutes. precipitate has not been notice (i) | Todoform | To the given organic compound in a dry test tube | add 2 ml of KI-b solution. The solution is then vith NaOH solution drop wise. Appearance of yellow precipitate is not Absence of carbonyl group is confirmed '&. Test for Aldehydic and Ketonic groups: Schif's reagent test: Take a small quantity of organic compound in a test tube to this add a small amount of Schiff's reagent using the dropper. Pink colourappearance is not noticed Absence of aldehydic group is confirmed (i) | Tollen’s reagent test: Shiny silver mirror To the given organic solution add small quantity i ven orgs n add small y f aldehydi | of Tollen’s solution (ammonical silver nitrate | formation has not been | AbSenes of aldehydic solution). Heat the test tube in a boil water bath observed ae and then cool it for few minutes. Gh) | Sodium Nitroprusside test: formation i ‘Add a small quantity of sodium Nitroprusside | Redcolour formations | bsence of ketonic solution and a few drops of NaOH solution to coos group is confirmed the given organic compound. reaction mixture 6. Test for carboxylic group: @ __| Sodium bicarbonate test: re Brisk ‘To the given organic compound add a small eee ae Absence of carboxylic quantity of NaHCOs solution. mee group is confirmed @ | Ester Tes To the given organic compound add a small Pleasant fruity smelling : quantity of ethyl alcohol and few drops of Cone. | ester is formation is not ee oan H2SO.. Warm the mixture in a water bath for noticed ae few minutes. 7, Test for Amino group: @ ‘| Azo dye tes ‘About 2-3 ml of organic compound is added with dil. HCI and the solution is cooled, then Appearance of scarlet | Absence of amino added sodium nitrite. red coloured precipitate | group (-NHz) is Dissolved about 0.2 g of B-Napthol solution in | has not been noticed confirmed dil. NaOH in another test tube and pour this solution into cooled solution. (ii) Carbylamines test a ‘ = i ‘About 2-3 mL of organic compound added 2 mL. danartea one. of CHCl; and 2 mL of KOH solution. The ee age ea solution is warmed. Result: The given organic functional group is Phenol (CéHs-OH ).Cc zy ‘THAMARAI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, a te THANJAVUR Experiment No: jon of Functi Mm Test for Functional Group in the given Organic Compound. Inference eee Observation | 1 Test for Saturation and Unsaturation: ose | @ J A:small amount of organic compound is taken in | Decolourisation of May be saturation is ddry test tube and added bromine water drop by | bromine water has not | present |__| drop and shaken the mixture been noticed E | i | Asmall amount of organic compound in a test Colour of KMnOs is Presence of saturation | | tube is added with dilute aqueous KMnOy not discharged is confirmed te solution drop by drop followed by KOH. |2 Test for alcoholic group: @ | CANiGerieai : | Gag few drops of Ceric Ammonium nitate- | ApPearanceofWine | nagy be alcoholic (NH4)2 Ce (NO3)6 solution to the given organic Nees group is absent compound. | Ester Test: 2 Ester Test: Formation of pleasant To the given organic compound add a small nae : (cea ep aa a ps drops of Cone. | fruity smelling ester | Absence of alcoholic HSOs. Warm the mixture in a water bath for not been notice in | group is conformed pe the reaction mixture. 3. Test for Phenolic group: @ | Litmustest: Take a small quantity of organs ‘ample with the help of dropper and place one or | Blue Litmus tuming | May be absence of ‘wo drops on the blue litmus paper taken in a into red is not seen phenolic group watch glass. Gi) | Ferrie chloride test; Take a small quantity of ‘organic compound with the help of dropper and earance of violet ; ditt he all quantity of neutral Fenic urns foe Ean chloride solution taken in a test tube. observed ee 4. Test for carbonyl group: @ | 24-DNP test: (Brady's reagent): Takea small Quantity of organic compound, to this add a small amount of alcohol using a dropper. Shake Be aera of the test tube well to dissolve the sample. Add a cfowish orange | May be presence of small quantity of 2,4 — DNP solution into the test a ee carbonyl group tube. Boil the mixture and allow it tocool for 5- 10 minutes,es To the aqueous solution of organic compound Formation of white add 2-3 ml of saturated solution of sodium crystalline precipitate i | PYesenes of carbonyl bisulphite (NaHSOs). Shake the mixture well observed 2 and leave it for some time, HC WC. On ny Se=0+natts0, ===> So HyC7 Hyc7 so-Na* ‘Acetone Acetone bisulphite. {Addition product) Pale yellow colour is To the given organic compound in a dry test tube | obtained after warming add 2 ml of KI-B solution. The solution is then | the test tube in water treated with NaOH solution drop wise. bath for 2 minutes. | Presence of en Appearance of yellow | 80UP is confirmed precipitate has been noticed Acasdelrde ‘Yellor ppt lodoform ‘Yellow ppt Todoform CH3COCH3 + Iz +N20H —> CHI + CH3COONa Aedone f CHACHO + 31:+ 4Na0H —> CHIs+CHjCOONa + 3Nal + 20 5. Test for Aldehydic and Ketonic group: @ Schiff's reagent test: Formation of pink ‘Add a small quantity of sodium Nitroprusside solution and a few drops of NaOH solution to the given organic compound. colour is noticed in the reaction mixture Take a small quantity of organic compound in a : May be absence of test tube to this add a small amount of Schiff’s, a | alone ‘group reagent using the dropper. poeta (ii) Tollen’s reagent test: To the given organic solution add small ‘quantity Formation. of shiny ~ . of Tollen’s solution (ammonical silver nitrate silver mirrorinthe | Absenice of Aldehydic solution). Heat the test tube in a boil water bath | inner walls of the test | S'0UP is confirmed and then cool it for few minutes. tube has not observed Gi) | Sodium Nitroprusside test: don eabred Presence of ketonic ‘group is confirmed 6. Test for carboxylic group:apie THAMARAL INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, ae THANJAVUR Experiment No: lentification of Functional Aim:Test for Functional Group in the given Organic Compound. < ae CS ____ Experiment Observation | Inference | furation and Unsaturation: ‘eo 2 Small amount of organic compound is taken in Decolourisation of | May be saturation is 10 minutes. dry test tube and added bromine water drop by bromine water has not Present | drop and shaken the mixture _| been noticed A small amount of organic compound in a test ‘Colour of KMn0, is Presence of saturation tube is added with dilute KMn0, not discharged ‘is confirmed Solution drop by drop followed by KOH. 2. Test for alcoholic group: @ CAN, Lmmoniure Nit Lest: "i Add few drops of Ceric Ammonium nitrate- Set ef May be eeciecie (NH)2 Ce (NOs) solution tothe given organic} 4 colour aoe 8 grea te abe? compound. Sbecrves Gi) | Ester Test: : Pater Formation of pleasant | sua occ wae seepage | Aboee oats amnis : not been notice in } group is conform fea oda the mixture ina waterbath for the reaction mixture. 3. Test for Phenolic. iS @ | Litmustest: Take a small ‘quantity of organic Sample with the help of dropper and place one or | Blue Litmus tuming May be absence of ‘wo drops on the blue litmus paper taken ina into red is not seen phenolic group ‘watch glass. Gi) Ferric chloride test: Take a small quantity of ‘organic compound with the help of dropper and Appearance of violet Aree oa add it to the small quantity of neutral Ferrie colour has not been a a chloride solution taken in a test tube. observed OES eet 4. Test for carbonyl group: @ 2,4-DNP test: (Brady’s reagent): Take a small Quantity of organic compound, to this add a : fe small amount of alcohol using a dropper. Shake Yellowish the test tube well to dissolve the sample. Add « ipitate lene, | May-be presence of ‘small quantity of 2,4—DNP solution into the test | Pf€cipitate has been carbonyl group ‘tube. Boil the mixture and allow it tocool for 5. at20 | Formation of white crystalline precipitate is (NSHSO). Shake the mixture well observed | nnd leave it for some time. | Presence of carbony! group BC HyC. LOH | 2 ee. HC nc7 Nsoynat Acetone Asctone | (Addition product) (@) | Todoform test: | Pale yellow colour is on | To the given organic compound in a dry test tube obtained after warming | | #dd 2 ml of KI-k solution. The solution is thes the test tbe in water | ence of carbonyl | teated with NaOH solution drop wise. Petipa ‘group is confirmed precipitate has been I noticed : | CH3CHO + 31;+ 4N20H —>3 CHIs + CH;COONa + 3Nal + 28:0 Aceatidrde ‘Wi yee odaton CHSCOCHS + I: +N2OH —> CHE: + CHCOONa joa c ‘Fier ppt Todo 5. Test for Aldehydic and Ketonic group: = @ | Schiff's reagent test z : Take a small quantity of organic compound in a Sheena Aldehydie group may teste tthisaddasmall amount of Sehitrs | ‘2 = be present Teagent using the dropper. i (| Febling’s solution test: To the given organic solution add a small d ; amount of Fehling’s solution ‘A’. Using another ee Presence of Aldehydic dropper add a small quantity of Febling’s pe ahaa = group is confirmed solution ‘B’ into the test tube. Heat the test tube in a boiling water bath, - RCHO + 2Cu** + 50H —> Cu,0,. + RCOO-+ 3H,0 Aldehyde Fehling’s solution Cuprous oxide (Red ppt.)Gi) 7) Totes ——— rl eeNSeEES To the given oman, fc : a 5 sitatetshontementatanerstee” | eiettiy | sot Ade |__| ett). Het the test tabeinia boll wane ban | eer ear hettnn | soup lo contrmed [1 tail then cool it for few mimites, Poco tube has been observed RCHO + 2fagin on —~> CH,COONH, + + 3NH;+ H,O aiara eee teh Pa eee nes Ghystvereine) | @) ] Sodiam Ni 7 E | Add a small quantity of sodium Nitroprusside Appearance of red | Absence of ketonic | Solution and a few drops of NaOH solution to colour isnot noticed | — group is confirmed the given organic compound. 6 Test for ‘carboxylic group: (| Sodium bicarbonate test: Formation of brisk To the given organic compound add a small effervescence has not} Absence of carboxylic quantity of NaHCO; solution. been notice from the | group is confirmed reaction mixture (@) | Ester Test: To the given organic compound add a small Femution ofplessat | ,iscnce of carboxylic ‘quantity of ethyl alcohol and few drops of Cone. | fruity smelling ester is paateaea HeSOs. Warm the mixture in a water bath for not observed aoe few minutes. 7, Test for Amino group: (| Azo dye test: About 2-3 ml of organic compound is added ‘ith dil. HCI and the solution is cooled, then | Appearance of scarlet | Absence of amino added sodium nitrite. red coloured precipitate |/_ group (-NHa) is Dissolved about 0.2 g of B-Napthol solution in isnot observed confirmed dil. NaOH in another test tube and pour this solution into cooled solution. Ga ines test: Formation of offensive a About 2-3 mL. of organic compound added 2 mL | smelling compound in een of CHCl and 2 mL of KOH solution. The the reaction mixture Tas solution is warmed. hhas not been observed Result: The given organic functional group is Aldehyde (-CHO), oeTHANJAVUR Experiment No: dentification of Functional group Aim: Test for Functional Group Compound. | [SNe Experiment Observation Inference | | 4 Test for Saturation and Unsaturation: a May be saturation is @ A small amount of organic compound is taken in Decolourisation of ty test tube and added bromine water drop by | bromine water has not | present | drop and shaken the mixture been noticed (@ | A small amount of organic compound ina test’ | Colour of KMaOvis | Preseace oF sao tube is added with dilute aqueous KMinOs not discharged is confirmed solution drop by drop followed by KOH. 2 Test for alcoholic group: © | GAN@Ceric Ammonium Nitrate) test ss | Add few drops of Ceric Ammonium nitrate- Soe May be alcoholic (NHQ)2 Ce (NO3)s solution to the given. organic Sue pee ane Deen ‘group is absent ee observed ©) | Eater Test: Formation of pleasant To the given organic compound add a small fruity smelling ester_| Absence of alcoholic | SO. Wamionictesasce tases | Monin stirs | ‘mmefeetl Bae the reaction mixture. | [3 Testfor Phenolic group: © | Litmustest: Take a small quantity of organic Blue Litmus tuning | Phenolic group or sample with the help of dropper and place one or |B! voli two drops on the blue litmus paper taken in.a ‘ntored has been | carboxylic group may eoueee noticed be present G@) | Ferrie chloride test: Take a small quantity oF organic compound withthe help of dropper and | Appearance of violet ; add it to the small quantity of neutral Ferrie colourhas not been | Absence of Phenolic chloride solution taken in atest tube. observed Foe ean 4. Test for carbonyl group: @ "| 24:DNP test: (Brady's reagent): Take a small uantity of organic compound, to this add a : A of ‘small amount of alcohol using a dropper. Shake peau the test tube well to dissolve the sample. Adda | Yellowish orange May be absence of Small quantity of 2,4 —DNP solution into the test | Pre*iPitate has not been | carbonyl ‘group tube. Boil the mixture and allow it tocool for 5- a. 10 minutes. Gi) Todoform test: ‘To te given organic compound ina dry tet tube See Absence of carbonyl add2 ml of Ki-h solution. The solution is then ae group is confirmed treated with NaOH solution drop wise, 5. Test for Aldehydic and Ketonic group:a 6. Test for carboxylic grok (| Shifts rengent test: ‘Lake 0 small quantity of orpanic compound {est tubo to this add a small amount of Sehif Feajent using the dropper. To the given organic solution add small qua minute _.and then eoot it far few _| the given organic compound, | Sodium bicarbonate testi ‘To the given organic compound add a small Quantity of NaHCOs solution, {0 the given organic compound add a small of Tollen’s solution (ammonical silver nitrate solution), Heat the test tube in a boil water bath rab Add a small quantity of sodium Nitroprusside Solution and a few drops of NaOH solution to ina | Pink colourappearance P's is not noticed intity Shiny silver mirror formation has not been observed Red colour formation is not noticed in the reaction mixture Appearance of brisk effervescence due to formation of CO, from the reaction mixture ———|__has been observed RCOOH + NaHCO, —, RCOONa + CO, + H:0 wish effervescence Formation of pleasant Abnence of aldehydic 0p is confirmed Abuence of ‘aldehydic group is confirmed Absence of ketonic g70up is confirmed Presence of carboxylic group is confirmed 4 fruity ‘smelling ester in Presence of carboxylic quantity of ethyl alcohol and few drops of Cone, a ‘. ‘ - i the reaction mixture group is confirmed HSOs, Warm the mixture in a water bath for f few minutes, ee : ‘has been observed ie eta als Q.HSOH + CHbCOOH — 12:08 HC + sie * haa cnconem, sno 7. Test for Amino group: a re . (i) Azo dye test: 2 oo are oe PRR ucaarass About 2-3 ml of organic compound is added with dil, HCl and the solution is cooled, then Appearance: of scarlet Absence of amino added sodium nitrite, red coloured Precipitate ‘group (-NHp) is Dissolved about 02g of B-Napthol solution in is not observed confirmed dil. NaOH in another test tube and ‘Pour this | solution into cooled solution (ii) G amin : Formati of offensive B About 2-3 mL of organic compound added 2 ml, ‘smelling compound in | Absence of amino Of CHCh and 2 mL. of KOH solution, ‘The the reaction mixture roup CNH2) is solution is warmed. has not been observed nine (i mp (-COOHW)