ZERAKI ACHIEVERS’ EXAMINATIONS 12.

0 (2024)
CHEMISTRY
FORM ONE
TERM 1
TIME: 2 HOURS

MARKING SCHEME

1. Study the figure below and answer questions that follow.

(a) Name the type of flame shown and give a reason. (2mks)

Luminous flame; it has four regions and its large and wavy

(b) Name the parts labelled F and G. (2mks)

F- outermost pale blue zone

G- almost colourless zone

(c) State the three differences between the two flames of a Bunsen burner. (3mks)

Luminous Non-luminous

Large and wavy Short and steady

Has four zones Has three zones

Produces soot Does not produce soot

2. State the best method to separate the following mixtures (3mks)

(a) Components of crude oil

Fractional distillation

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(b) benzoic acid and sodium chloride

Sublimation

(c) Iron filings and Sulphur

Use of a magnet

3. Draw and state one use of the following apparatus. (4mks)

(a) Deflagrating spoon

used for holding substances being burnt

(b) Mortar and pestle

Pestle

Mortar

Pestle is used for crushing substances while in the

mortar

4. State three roles of chemistry as a subject to the society (3mks)

 It helped in manufacture of drugs.

 It helped in food production.
 It help in manufacture of cheaper alternative fabrics

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5. (a) Define the following terms (3mks)

(i) Drug

A drug is any natural or man-made substance that when taken into the body alters the
normal body functioning

(ii)Drug abuse

Drug abuse is the use of a drug for a purpose other than what is meant for or use of
overdose or underdose of prescribed drug.
iii)Chemistry

It is a branch of science that deals with the study of the structure, properties and
composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

(b) State two effects of drug abuse to the consumer (2mks)

 Stress
 Depression
 Hallucination
 Liver cirrhosis
 Dependency
6. Highlight five laboratory safety rules (5mks)

I. Never run while in the laboratory because you may trip, fall and injure yourself or
other users of the laboratory.
II. Never taste or eat anything in the laboratory to avoid poisoning.
III. Always consult your teacher before trying any experiment to avoid accidents.
IV. Label all the chemicals you are using to avoid confusion.
V. Always use a clean spatula for scooping a substance from a container to prevent
contamination.
VI. Always hold test-tube or boiling tube using test tube holder when heating to avoid
being burned.
VII. When heating a substance in a test tube or boiling tube, never let the open end face
you or anybody else because the liquid may spurt out and cause injury.
VIII. Never look directly into flasks and test-tubes where reactions are taking place,
because the chemicals may spurt into your eyes and cause injury.

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7. The diagram below shows parts of a Bunsen burner.

a) Name the parts labelled A , B , C (3mark)

A- Chimney B- air hole C- base

b) Give one use of the part labelled A,B,C (3mark)

A- This is where gas and air mix for combustion

B- it allows the air to enter into the chimney and mix with the laboratory
gas from the jet.
C- It is wide and weighty hence helps to provide support to the burner. It also helps to
provide direct contact of the burner with the work surface

8. Explain why most laboratory apparatus are made of glass (2mks)

I. Glass are visible or transparent hence the content can be easily seen.
II. Glasses are unreactive; that is they do not react with most reagents found in the
laboratory.
III. Glasses are easy to clean hence minimizes time wastage in cleaning.
9. (a) Define the term conductor as used in chemistry and give one example of a non-metal that
is a conductor (2mks)

Conductors are substances which allow electrical energy to flow through them
Example of non-metal; graphite

b) Name two apparatus that are used to measure accurate volume of liquids in the laboratory

(2mks)
Burette, pipette volumetric flask and syringe

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 c) State THREE frequently abused drugs by the Kenyan Youth (3mks)
bhang, miraa, heroine, cocaine,

10. (a) A patient was given tablets with prescription 2 x 3 on the envelope. Clearly outline how
the patient should take the tablets. (2 mrk)

To take 2 tablets after every 8 hours a day

(b) Two samples of equal volumes of water were put in 250cm³ beaker and heated for 10
minutes. Sample 1 registered a higher temperature than sample 2.

i)State the condition under which flame II is produced in Bunsen burner. (1mrk)

when the air hole is fully closed

ii) Name the flame used to heat beaker I. Explain your answer (2mks)

non-luminous flame; less time used to heat the water

11. The apparatus below was used to separate a mixture of water and kerosene.

a) State two properties of the liquids that make it possible to separate them using such
apparatus. (2 mrks)

density and immiscibility

b) Name the liquids A and B (2mks)

A- kerosene B- water

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 c) give the name of the above method of separation (1mk)

Use of a separating funnel

12. Describe the procedure used in separating a mixture of sand, aluminum chloride, iron filings
and sodium chloride in the laboratory (5mks)

 Pass a magnet over the mixture to attract the iron fillings

 Heat the remaining mixture for aluminium chloride to sublime and be collected as a
sublimate
 Add water to the remaining mixture and stir for sodium chloride to dissolve
 Filter to obtain sand as the residue and sodium chloride solution as the filtrate
 Evaporate the filtrate over a water bath to obtain sodium chloride crystals

13. State two laboratory rules to observe when preparing a poisonous gas. (2mks)

 Ensure the experiment is done in a fume chamber

 Do not inhale the gases directly

14. The diagram below shows how muddy water can be made clean. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.

(a) Name the apparatus labeled X. (1 mk)

Filter funnel

b) Identify the method of separation above (1mk)

filtration

(c) Give the advantage of the above process over decantation (1mk)

In filtration the residue is separate from the filtrate while in decantation some residue will
be having the filtrate

(d) give one industrial application of the above method (1mk)

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 Large scale water purification plant

15.) The diagram below shows a set up that was used by a student to separate a mixture of
water and ethanoic acid. Study it and answer the questions that follow. (Boiling point water =
100OC, ethanoic acid = 118OC)

a. State one mistake in the set up. (1mk)

Water inlet and water outlet were exchanged

b. Which component of the mixture will be collected first and why? (2mks)
Water- it has a lower boiling point

c. What are the roles of the following; (4mks)

i. Thermometer
To indicate the boiling point of the medium being distilled has been
reached

ii. Liebig condenser

Uses the counter flow principle to cool the vapour efficiently
iii. Fractionating column
To allow ethanoic acid to condense into liquid and flow back into the
flask before the boiling point is reached
iv. Glass beads
Increase the surface area for condensation

d. Why is it preferable for the distillation flask to be round- bottomed rather than flat
bottomed rather than flat bottomed? (1mk)
For uniform distribution of heat
e. At what point does one know that the entire first fraction has been removed from the
distillation flask. Explain. (2mk)

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The temperature remains fairly constant until water is distilled off. The temperature starts
rising and the distillate collected thereafter is mainly ethanoic acid as the second fraction.

16. The diagram below shows the relationship between the physical state of matter. Study it and
answer the questions that follow;

a) Identify the processes R, V, W and U (4mks)

R- melting
V- evaporation
W- condensation
U- freezing
b) Name two substances that can undergo the process represented by process S and T (2mks)
iodine
solid carbon (IV) oxide
benzoic acid