4G Technology: Presented Rahul Saini

4G Technology
Presented Rahul Saini
4G Definition
4G is not one defined technology or standard, but rather a collection of technologies at creating fully packetswitched networks optimized for data.
4G Networks are projected to provide speed of 100Mbps while moving and 1Gbps while stationary.
0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)
At the end of the 1940s, the first radio telephone service was introduced, and was designed to users in cars to the public land-line based telephone network.
In the 1960s, a system launched by Bell Systems, called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), brought quite a few improvements such as direct dialing and more bandwidth. The very first analog systems were based upon IMTS and were created in the late 60s and early 70s.
1G Technology
1G refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology was developed in 1970s.
1G had two major improvements:

the invention of the microprocessor the digital transform of the control link between the phone and the cell site.
Analog signal
2G Technology
Around 1980s
Better quality & capacity - More people could use there phones at the same time Digital Signals consist of 0s & 1s
Previous Technology - 2G
Digital consist of 0s and 1s Digital signal:

1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge and 4.Falling edge
Digital data can be compressed and multiplexed much more effectively than analog voice encodings Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum is 9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times slower than an ISDN
Allows for lower powered radio signals that require less battery PowerCODEC introduction -program that encodes and decodes digital data stream or signal
Translates data from digital to analog and vice versa
Advantages in Previous Technology - 2G
The digital voice encoding allows digital error checking

increase sound quality lowers the noise level
Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data transfer

SMS short message service E-mail
Disadvantages in Previous Technology - 2G
Cell towers had a limited coverage area
Jagged Decay curve
Abrupt dropped calls Analog gradual sound reduction
Spotty coverage
3G Technology
Large capacity and broadband capabilities

Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile systems and up to 2Mbps Increased spectrum efficiency 5Mhz
A greater number of users that can be simultaneously supported by a radio frequency bandwidth High data rates at lower incremental cost than 2GGlobal roaming
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
Form of multiplexing Does not divide up the channel by time or frequency Encodes data with a special code associated with each channel
Code Division Multiple Access
Types of Multiplexing
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is allocated one frequency for the entire duration of the call
TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is allocated a spot in the frequency for a small amount of time, and "takes turns" being transmitted
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is uniquely encoded and transmitted across the entire spectrum, in a manner known as spread spectrum transmission
Reasons for New Research
Even though 3G has successfully been introduced to mobile users, there are some issues that are debated by 3G providers and users. High input fees for the 3G service licenses
Great differences in the licensing terms 3G phones are expensive
Fourth Generation
What is 4G?
Fourth Generation Technology

Faster and more reliable 100 Mb/s Lower cost than previous generations Multi-standard wireless system Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless Ad Hoc Networking IPv6 Core OFDM used instead of CDMA Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n Most information is proprietary
Communications Architecture
Broadcast layer: fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower connected by fiber, microwave, or satellite (ISP) Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer: wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbucks)
Communications Architecture
Personal Layer Gateway:
devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone, fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs
Info-Sensor layer:
environmental sensors
Fiber-optic wire layer:
high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic cables and repeaters
Ad Hoc Networks
Spontaneous self organization of networks of devices

Not necessarily connected to internet 4G will create hybrid wireless networks using Ad Hoc networks
Form of mesh networkingVery reliable
Enhance Mobile Gaming
Experience enhance wireless capabilities that deliver mobile gaming interaction with less than five seconds
Play online multi player games while traveling at high speeds or sitting outside
Broadband access in Remote location
4G will provide a wireless alternative for broadband access

I will provide first opportunity for broadband access in remote locations without an infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.
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4G Technology: Presented Rahul Saini

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4G Technology

Presented Rahul Saini

0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)

1G refers to the first-generation of wireless telephone technology was developed in 1970s.

1G had two major improvements:

Digital consist of 0s and 1s Digital signal:

Translates data from digital to analog and vice versa

Advantages in Previous Technology - 2G

The digital voice encoding allows digital error checking

increase sound quality lowers the noise level

Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data transfer

SMS short message service E-mail

Disadvantages in Previous Technology - 2G

Cell towers had a limited coverage area

Jagged Decay curve

Abrupt dropped calls Analog gradual sound reduction

Large capacity and broadband capabilities

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

Code Division Multiple Access

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access

TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access

CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access

Reasons for New Research

Great differences in the licensing terms 3G phones are expensive

Fourth Generation Technology

Personal Layer Gateway:

Fiber-optic wire layer:

high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic cables and repeaters

Spontaneous self organization of networks of devices

Form of mesh networkingVery reliable

Enhance Mobile Gaming

Broadband access in Remote location

4G will provide a wireless alternative for broadband access

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