Probability and Statistics: (MATH-361)

Probability and Statistics
(MATH-361)
Introduction
Dr. Hina Dutt
hina.dutt@seecs.edu.pk
SEECS-NUST
Course Logistics
Course Code: MATH-361 Semester: 5th
Credit Hours: 3+0 Prerequisite Codes:

Instructor: Dr. Hina M. Dutt Class: BEE-10ABC
Office: A-306,faculty block, SEECS Telephone: 051-90852378
Lecture Days: Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday E-mail: hina.dutt@seecs.edu.pk
Class Room: CR-9, CR-10, CR-12, CR-13 Consulting Hours: Wednesday: 0900-1000,
Friday: 1400-1500 hours
Lab Engineer: Lab Engineer Email:

Knowledge Computational Maths Updates on LMS: After every week
Group:
Time Table of Dr. Hina M.Dutt
Semester: Fall 2020
TIME
09:00-10:00 10:00-11:00 11:00-12:00 12:00-13:00 13:00-14:00 14:00-15:00 15:00-16:00 16:00-17:00
DAY
Monday
Tuesday
EE-10A EE-10B EE-10C

Wednesday Office Hours LLLunch Break
CR-10 CR-13 CR-12
EE-10A EE-10B EE-10C

Thursday
CR-10 CR-13 CR-12
EE-10B EE-10A EE-10C

Friday Office Hours
CR-13 CR-10 CR-09
Course Description
This course covers probability theory and various
descriptive statistical techniques for collecting,
analyzing and interpreting data.
The course also covers inferential statistics that
includes sampling, estimation of parameters and
testing of hypothesis.
Course Objectives
 understanding of the systems which involve

uncertainty.
 analyzing and evaluating techniques for these
systems.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs)
• CLO-1. Identify/describe the systems which involve
uncertainty (PLO1) (C-2)
• CLO-2. Analyze/evaluate the systems which involve

uncertainty (PLO2) (C-5)
Evaluation Criteria
Assignments 10-20 %
Midterm Exam 30-40 %
End Semester Exam 50-60 %
Books
Text Books:
Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Sixth Edition by Richard A. Johnson
Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig
Reference Books:
Introduction to Statistical Theory (Part I & II), Seventh Edition by Prof Sher
Muhammad Chaudhry & Dr. Shahid Kamal
Probability and Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, Seventh Edition by
Walpole Myers
Probability and Statistics by Murray R. Speigel
What is
Probability and
Statistics?
Probability is the Science of
Uncertainty
Statistics is the Science of
Data
Meaning of Statistics
The word Statistics is used to refer to
Numerical facts such as number of students in
BEE-10.
The study of ways of collecting, analyzing and
interpreting the facts.
Meaning of Statistics
Statistics is defined as a discipline that includes
procedures and techniques used to
 collect
 process
 present and
 analyze
numerical data to make inferences and to reach
decision in the face of uncertainty.
Why Study
Statistics?
Scope of Statistics
Simplifies complex data
Converts data into information and makes it more useful in
decision making
Measures uncertainty and variability and so helps in
measuring risks
Discovers past and emerging patterns in a data and so helps
in forecasting
Helps in estimation and validating assumptions
Applications of Statistics
Marketing- Developing market surveys and strategies for
marketing new products
Economics- Formation of economic policies
Finance- Helps in value at risk, stock market-derivative
Public Health- Identifying sources of diseases and ways to
treat them
HR- Performance evaluations, Feedback of training program
IT- Optimization of server time, testing software
Basic
Definitions
Population and Sample
Population: The collection or set of

all objects or measurements that Population
are of interest to the experimenter
Sample: The subset or Sample
representative part of the

population
Population and Sample; Example
A statistical population may be

real such as the heights of all university students or
hypothetical such as all the possible outcomes from the toss
of a coin.
Population and Sample; Example
In a survey, 250 students at a university were asked if they

smoked cigarettes regularly. 35 of the students said yes.
Identify the population and the sample.
Parameters & Statistics
Parameter: A numerical measurement or quantity describing
some characteristic of a population
Statistic: A numerical measurement or quantity describing some
characteristics of a sample
Parameter Population
Statistic Sample
Parameters & Statistics; Example
Decide whether the numerical value describes a population
parameter or a sample statistic.
A recent survey of a sample of 450 university students
reported that the average weekly income for students is $325.
The average weekly income for all students is $405.
Branches Of Statistics
Statistics
Descriptive Inferential
Statistics Statistics
Involves the Involves using a

organization, sample to draw
summarization, conclusions about
and display of a population.
data.
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics;
Example
A teacher arranges the scores obtained by his students in a
graph
A researcher may wish to find out whether exposure to

pollution may reduce life span
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics;
Example
Decide which part of the study represents the descriptive
branch of statistics. What conclusions might be drawn from
the study using inferential statistics?
A large sample of men, aged 48, was studied for 18 years. For
unmarried men, approximately 70% were alive at age 65. For
married men, 90% were alive at age 65. (Source: The Journal
of Family Issues)
Types Of Data
Data
Qualitative Quantitative
Data Data
Consists of Consists of
attributes, labels, or numerical
non numerical measurements or
entries counts.
Qualitative Data; Examples
He has blue eyes.

He has a lot of energy.
He is clever.
Quantitative Data; Examples
He has 2 brothers.

His weight is 25.5 kg.
His height is 170 cm.
Levels of Measurement
The level of measurement determines which statistical calculations
are meaningful.
Nominal
Lowest to
Levels Ordinal highest
of
Measurement Interval
Ratio
Nominal Level of Measurement
Data at the nominal level of measurement are
qualitative only.
Nominal
Levels
Calculated using names, labels, or
of qualities. No mathematical
Measurement computations can be made at this level.
Colors in Names of students Textbooks you are

the in your class using this semester
Pakistani
flag
Ordinal Level of Measurement
Data at the ordinal level of measurement are qualitative
or quantitative.
Levels Ordinal
of Arranged in order, but differences
Measurement between data entries are not
meaningful.
Class standings: Numbers on the back Top 50 songs played

freshman, of each player’s shirt on the radio
sophomore, junior,
senior
Interval Level of Measurement
Data at the interval level of measurement are quantitative. A zero
entry simply represents a position on a scale; the entry is not an
inherent zero.
Levels
of Interval
Measurement Arranged in order, the differences between data
entries can be calculated.
Temperatures Years on a timeline

Ratio Level of Measurement
Data at the ratio level of measurement are similar to the interval
level, but a zero entry is meaningful.
A ratio of two data values can be formed so one
Levels data value can be expressed as a ratio.
of
Measurement
Ratio
Ages Grade point averages Weights

Levels of Measurement; Summary
Arrang Determine if
Put data
Level of e data Subtract one data value
in
measurement in data values is a multiple of
categories
order another
Nominal Yes No No No
Ordinal Yes Yes No No
Interval Yes Yes Yes No
Ratio Yes Yes Yes Yes

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Probability and Statistics

Dr. Hina Dutt

Credit Hours: 3+0 Prerequisite Codes:

Lab Engineer: Lab Engineer Email:

EE-10A EE-10B EE-10C

EE-10A EE-10B EE-10C

EE-10B EE-10A EE-10C

 understanding of the systems which involve

• CLO-2. Analyze/evaluate the systems which involve

Population: The collection or set of

representative part of the

A statistical population may be

In a survey, 250 students at a university were asked if they

Involves the Involves using a

A researcher may wish to find out whether exposure to

He has blue eyes.

He has 2 brothers.

Colors in Names of students Textbooks you are

Class standings: Numbers on the back Top 50 songs played

Temperatures Years on a timeline

Ages Grade point averages Weights

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