RECTANGULAR

COORDINATE
SYSTEM
PLANE TRIGONOMETRY
RECTANGULAR COORDINATE SYSTEM
• Also called CARTESIAN
COORDINATE SYSTEM.

• French mathematician René Descartes (1596 –

1650)
who is known as the “Father of Modern
Mathematics”,
PARTS OF THE CARTESIAN PLANE

• The Cartesian plane is composed of two

perpendicular number lines that meet at
the point of origin (0, 0) and divide the
plane into four regions called Quadrants.
Horizontal line= x-
axis

ORIGIN
(0,0)
• It is composed of infinitely many points. Each
point in the coordinate system is defined by an
ordered pair of the form (x, y).
• The first coordinate of a point is called the x-
coordinate or abscissa and the second
coordinate is called the y-coordinate or
ordinate.
 VERTICAL AXIS= Y-AXIS

QUADRANT QUADRANT
II I
Horizontal axis= x-
(-,+) (+,+)
axis

QUADRANT QUADRANT
III IV
(-,-) (+,-)
• There are also points which lie in
the x- and y-axes. The points which
lie in the x- axis have coordinates
(x, 0) and the points which lie in
the y-axis have coordinates (0, y)
 (0,8
)

(2,
0)
(-2, 0)

(0,-8)
How can the Rectangular Coordinate
System be used in real life?
USES:
• Finding a particular place on the map.
• Cartesian plane is used in drawing objects.
• Your smartphone screen also uses a
Cartesian coordinate plane to track
where you’re touching on the screen
ASSIGNMENT:

•Research constellations and their names.

Choose the one that you like most. Make this
constellation using graphing paper, ruler,
pencil or ballpen, and any coloring material.
ANGLES AND
TRIANGLES
 ANGLES
 A shape formed by two rays sharing a common
endpoint; contains two rays and a vertex

ray

ray—has one endpoint and

vertex goes infinitely in one direction
ray
vertex—point common to two
rays of a triangle or two
sides of a polygon
TYPES OF ANGLES
Acute angle: An angle whose measure is greater than
zero degrees and less than 90 degrees

Which angles are not acute?

4
1

2 5
TYPES OF ANGLES
 Right angle: Angle that measures 90 degrees

Which angle is a right angle?

4
1

3
5

2
TYPES OF
ANGLES
Obtuse angle: One angle measures greater than 90
degrees and less than 180 degrees

Which angle is an obtuse angle?

4
1

2 5
3
STRAIGHT ANGLE
 Straight angle:A line that goes infinitely in both
directions and measures 180 degrees

Which is not a straight angle?

2
1
 TYPES OF
TRIANGLES
 Equilateral triangle: A triangle with three
congruent (equal) sides and three equal angles

These marks indicate equality.

TYPES OF
TRIANGLES
 Isosceles triangle: A triangle with
at least two congruent (equal)
sides
TYPES OF
TRIANGLES
Right triangle: Has only one right


angle (90 degrees)

This box indicates a right

angle or a 90-degree angle.
TYPES OF
TRIANGLES
Scalene triangle: A triangle that


has no congruent (equal) sides

TYPES OF
TRIANGLES
 Name each type of triangle

4
2

1
3
TYPES OF
TRIANGLES

Right 4
2
Scalene

1
3

Equilateral Isosceles
INTERIOR
ANGLES
 Interior angles: An interior angle (or
internal angle) is an angle formed by two
sides of a simple polygon that share an
endpoint

Interior angles of a triangle are always

equal 180 degrees.
 MEASURING
ANGLES

900

This This
point is 0 point is 0.

This point goes at the vertex of the angle

About 2,500 years ago, a
Greek mathematician
named Pythagoras
discovered a special
relationship between the
sides of right triangles.
Pythagoras realized that if
you have a right triangle,

5
3

4
and you square the lengths
of the two sides that make
up the right angle,
5
3

4
and add them together,

5
3

4
you get the same number
you would get by squaring
the other side.
5
3

4
Is that correct?
?

?
It is. And it is true for any
right triangle.
10
8

6
The two sides which
come together in a right
angle are called
The two sides which
come together in a right
angle are called
The lengths of the legs are
usually called a and b.

b
The two sides which
come together in a right
angle are called
The side across from the
right angle is called the

b
 And the length of the
hypotenuse
is usually labeled c.

c
a

b
The relationship Pythagoras
discovered is now called
The Pythagorean Theorem:

c
a

b
The Pythagorean Theorem
says, given the right triangle
with legs a and b and
hypotenuse c,
c
a

b
then

c
a

b
You
Suppose
can use
youThe
drive
Pythagorean
directly
Theorem
west for 48
to miles,
solve many kinds
of problems.
48
Then turn south and drive for
36 miles.
48

36
How far are you from where
you started?
48

36
?
Using The Pythagorean
Theorem,

2 2 2
48
48 + 36 = c
36
c
Why?
Can you see that we have a
right triangle?

2 2 2
48
48 + 36 = c
36
c
Which sides
side isare
thethe
hypotenuse?
legs?

2 2 2
48
48 + 36 = c
36
c
Then all we need to do is
calculate:
 2
Andsince
So, you end
c isup
3600,
60 miles
c is 60.
from
where you started.
48

36
60
Find the length of a diagonal
of the rectangle:
15"

? 8"
Find the length of a diagonal
of the rectangle:
15"

c
? 8"
b=8

a = 15
b=8 c

a = 15
Find the length of a diagonal
of the rectangle:
15"

17 8"
 Practice using
The Pythagorean Theorem
to solve these right triangles:
 c = 13
5

12
 b

10
26
 THE DISTANCE AND
MIDPOINT FORMULAS
DISTANCE FORMULA

• Used to find the distance between

two points
EXAMPLE

A (4, 8) B (1, 12)

• Find the distance between A(4,8) and B(1,12)

5
 
YOU TRY!!
• Find the distance between:

• A. (2, 7) and (11, 9)

• B. (-5, 8) and (2, - 4)

FIND THE PERIMETER AND
AREA OF THE RECTANGLE
FIND THE PERIMETER AND
AREA OF THE TRIANGLE
MIDPOINT FORMULA

𝑥 2 + 𝑥1 𝑦 2+ 𝑦 1
midpoint=
•  
( 2
,
2 )
• Used to find the center of a
line segment
 EXAMPLE

A (4, 8) B (1, 12)

• Find the midpoint between A(4,8) and B(1,12)

 
5
( ) 2
, 10
YOU TRY!!

Find the midpoint between:

• A) (2, 7) and (14, 9)

• B) (-5, 8) and (2, - 4)

Find the midpoint of the line segment
joined by the endpoints (–3, 3) and (5, 3).
Find the other endpoint of the line segment with the given endpoint and midpoint:
Endpoint: (−5, 4), midpoint: (−10, −6)

Endpoint: (−8, 8), midpoint: (5, −3)

BELLWORK

Convert the degrees to radian measure.

1. 30
2. -54

Convert the radians to degrees.

3.

4.

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