FPS 2

HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS
• PUMPS
• ACTUATORS
• VALVES
PUMPS
Introduction
• Pump is a machine which is used to add
energy to fluid
• It is the oldest fluid energy transfer device
known
• Pumps are divided into two main classes
Centrifugal Pumps
Positive displacement pumps
Working principle
TYPES OF PUMPS
NON POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT PUMPS POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
 High capacity  Self priming

 Simple construction.
 High pressure
Classification of pumps
Positive Displacement Pump Non-positive
• Gear Pumps
displacement pumps or
– External Gear Pump Roto-Dynamic pump
– Internal Gear Pump
– Lobe Pump
– Screw Pump • Centrifugal pump
• Vane Pumps
– Unbalanced Vane Pumps
– Balanced Vane Pumps
– Pressure Compensated Vane Pump
• Piston pumps
– Axial Piston Pump
– Radial Piston Pump
Symbol of hydraulic pump
Comparison
• NON positive • Positive displacement

displacement
Pumps 1. Complicated in
1. Simple in construction
construction 2. More number of parts
2. Lesser number of 3. More wear and tear
parts
4. Can not run at high
3. Less wear and tear speed
4. Can run at high 5. Pulsating delivery
speed 7
Comparison
6. No
Check
check
valve
valve
may or may not be needed
7. They
Needsare
priming
self primed
8. Suitable for less
highflow
flowrates
ratesand
andhigher
less pressure
requirements
pressure requirements
8
WHAT IS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP?
 Convert the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by
centrifugal force on the liquid.
 Constitute the most common type of pumping machinery
Used to move liquids through a piping system.
Has two main components:

1. Stationary componets, casing, casing cover and
bearings
2. Rotating components, impeller and shaft
Classified into three categories ;

Radial Flow, Mixed Flow, Axial Flow
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Liquid enters from the center eye and centrifugal force is imparted to it.
Volute casing assists in converting the Kinetic energy to pressure energy.
Working Principle
13
ADVANTAGES OF CENTRIGUGAL PUMPS
• Simple in construction and cheap

• Handle liquid with large amounts of solids
• No valves involved in pump operation
• Maintenance costs are lower
DISADVANTAGES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Disadvantages
• Cannot handle highly viscous fluids efficiently

• Cannot be operated at high heads
• Maximum efficiency holds over a narrow range of conditions
EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
INTERNAL GEAR PUMP
Delivery
Drive Gear
Driven Gear
Inlet Cam
LOBE PUMP
LOBE PUMP
GEROTOR PUMP
VANE PUMP
AXIAL PISTON PUMP
RADIAL PISTON PUMP
VALVES
• 1. Directional control valves
• 2. Pressure control valves
• 3. Flow control valves.

DIRCTION CONTROL VALVES (DCV)
1. According to type of construction :

4. According to Actuating mechanism:
• Poppet valves
• Manual actuation
• Spool valves
2. According to number of working ports :

• Mechanical actuation
• Two- way valves
• Solenoid ( Electrical ) actuation

• Three – way valves
• Four- way valves.

• Hydraulic ( Pilot ) actuation
3. According to number of Switching position:
• Two – position
• Pneumatic actuation
• Three - position
• Indirect actuation
Poppet Valves
Spool valves
• Two-way valve ( 2/ 2 DCV)
• Three – way valve
• Four - way DCV
– Three positions, Four way valve
• Open center 3 / 4 DCV
• Closed Center 3 / 4 DCV
• Tandem centered 3 /4 DCV
• Regenerative Center 3 / 4 DCV
• Floating Center 3 / 4 DCV
– Two- position, Four – way DCV

Two-way valve ( 2/ 2 DCV)
Three – way valve
Three positions, Four way valve
Open center 3 / 4 DCV
Three positions, Four way valve Closed
Center 3 / 4 DCV
Tandem centered 3 /4 DCV
Regenerative Center 3 / 4 DCV
Floating Center 3 / 4 DCV
Two- position, Four – way DCV
PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE
• Pressure Relief valve

• Unloading Valve
• Sequence valve
• Counterbalance Valve
• Pressure Reducing Valve
Pressure Relief valve
Unloading Valve
Sequence valve
Counterbalance Valve
Pressure Reducing Valve
Flow Control Valves
Types of Flow Control Valves
• Plug or glove valve

• Butterfly valve
• Ball Valve
• Balanced valve
Plug or glove valve
Butterfly valve
Ball Valve
Balanced valve
ACTUATORS
• LINEAR ACTUATORS
– SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER
– DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER
– TELESCOPIC CYLINDER
– TANDEM CYLINDER
– DOUBLE ROD ORTHROUGH ROD CYLINDER
• ROTARY ACTUATORS
– GEAR MOTOR
– VANE MOTOR
• SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER
– Gravity return
– Spring return
SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER
Gravity return single acting cylinder
Spring return single acting cylinder
DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER
CYLINDER CUSHINING
TELESCOPIC CYLINDER
DOUBLE ROD OR THROUGH ROD CYLINDER
Tandem cylinder
Symbols
• ROTORY ACTUATORS
– GEAR MOTOR
– VANE MOTOR
GEAR MOTOR
VANE MOTOR

FPS 2

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HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS

 High capacity  Self priming

• NON positive • Positive displacement

Has two main components:

Classified into three categories ;

• Simple in construction and cheap

• Cannot handle highly viscous fluids efficiently

• 2. Pressure control valves

• 3. Flow control valves.

1. According to type of construction :

2. According to number of working ports :

• Solenoid ( Electrical ) actuation

• Four- way valves.

– Two- position, Four – way DCV

• Pressure Relief valve

• Plug or glove valve

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