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Forensic 1 Topic 1 Introduction To FCT

Forensic Chemistry is a branch of chemistry focused on applying chemical principles to solve legal problems and aid in law enforcement. It involves four key stages: specimen collection, examination, report writing, and court appearance, while adhering to important rules for practice. Forensic Chemists conduct various examinations related to drugs, explosives, firearms, and toxicology, and must possess analytical skills, integrity, and the ability to communicate findings effectively.

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17 views19 pages

Forensic 1 Topic 1 Introduction To FCT

Forensic Chemistry is a branch of chemistry focused on applying chemical principles to solve legal problems and aid in law enforcement. It involves four key stages: specimen collection, examination, report writing, and court appearance, while adhering to important rules for practice. Forensic Chemists conduct various examinations related to drugs, explosives, firearms, and toxicology, and must possess analytical skills, integrity, and the ability to communicate findings effectively.

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FORENSIC

CHEMISTRY AND
TOXICOLOGY
Prepared by:
Alex B. Quemada, MSCRIM
Forensic Chemistry
• The branch of chemistry which deals with
the application of chemical principle in the
solution of problems that arise in the
connection with the administration of
justice.
• Application of chemistry to law
enforcement or the failure of products or
process.
Chemistry
• Branch of science that
deals with matter, its
properties and the
changes it undergoes
CHEMISTRY as defined in RA
10657.
• Refers to the study, analysis, modification and calculations of physico-
chemical or biochemical properties of matter.
Includes;
• Atomic, molecular surface composition
• Structure of matter
• Properties and reactions
• Changes which matters undergoes,
• Energy involved
• Chemical compounds and processes in biological organisms.
Forensic Chemist
• A person that practices Forensic
Chemistry to aid an investigation
to solve legal problems.

• Four (4) stages in the practice


of Forensic Chemistry
• Stage 1: Collection and
reception of the specimen –
Collection refers to the proper
collection, handling and
packaging of specimen before
• Stage 2: Actual Examination – The conduct of
various examination procedures for different specimens
submitted as requested by the requesting party

• Stage 3: Report writing of the result – this step


involves drafting of the positive and negative result (e.g
presence of a drug)

• Stage 4: Court Appearance – this is the final stage,


wherein the chemist must explain to the court the
findings of the examination conducted on the specimen
submitted
Golden Rule in the practice of Forensic
Chemistry
As with other disciplines, there are several
important rules that must be followed, which include the
ones listed below:
1. Go slowly
2. Be thorough
3. Take notes
4. Consult others
5. Use imagination
6. Avoid complicated theories
Characteristics of a Forensic
Chemist
• The practice of forensic chemistry in the Philippines,
similar to other chemistry practices, is covered by RA
10657 otherwise known as the “Chemistry Profession
Act” of 2015, repealing for the R.A 754, also known as
the “Chemistry Law of the Philippines”.
• The Chemistry Law clearly states that a Registered
Chemist is any person who is engaged in the
professional practice of chemistry, and is duly
registered with the Board of Chemistry and the
professional Regulation Commission to undertake the
professional practice of chemistry.
Among others, A forensic chemist must:

1. Be able to spend hours rigorously applying


analytical techniques to evidence.
2. Clearly and concisely answer challenges to his
findings; and
3. Possess moral integrity.
Functions of a Forensic
Chemist
1. Conduct qualitative and quantitative examination of
dangerous drugs as well as volatile substances
(Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 or R.A
9165 & Presidential Decree 1619)

2. Conduct examination of explosives and/or explosives


ingredients (Presidential Decree 1866)

3. Conduct examination of firearms and paraffin casts to


detect the presence of gunpowder nitrates or gunpowder
residue (GPR)
4. Conduct gunpowder examination of clothing to
verify possible gunshot distance.

5. Conduct chemico-toxicological examination of


human internal organs, gastric contents, blood
water, food sample and other substances.

6. Conduct examination or fake products in case


of unfair trade competition (e.g., bleach, cement,
cigarette, beer or liquor brands, etc.
7. Conduct blood alcohol determination

8. Examination urine and other bodily fluids for


the presence of dangerous drugs.

9. Conduct research and training related to the


case being examined.

10. Deliver lectures on forensic chemistry and


toxicology to police and military training centers,
investigative units, schools and universities.
11. Testify and provide and expert opinion in court
as well as attend court duty as an expert witness.

12. Respond to queries of all investigative units


and render expert opinion regarding matters
related to the application of chemical principles,
for the purpose of assisting investigators in
developing investigative leads.

13. Conduct field laboratory work and clandestine


laboratory investigation.
Toxicology
• Branch of science that
defines the nature,
effects and detention of
substance that is
present to a specific
matter.
Forensic Toxicology
The use of toxicology principles to aid Medico legal
investigations of deaths and poisoning.

Forensic specialist
A person that practices forensics such as DNA
examiner, Ballistician, Forensic Photographer and etc.
Personalities
Dr. Edmond Locard
A French criminologist, the father of modern forensics
and he established the world’s first crime laboratory in
Lyons, France (1901)”every contact, leaves its trace”.

Prof. Mathieu Orfilla


Spanich toxicologist, chemist medical professor in france,
father of modern forensic toxicology
“If the law has made you a witness, remain a
man of science, you have no victim to
avenge, no guilty or innocent person to ruin
or save. You must bear testimony within the
limits of science”.
-P.C.H. Brouardel
FORENSIC CHEMISTRY VS FORENSIC SCIENCE

Forensic Chemistry – Brach of chemistry which


deals with the application of chemical principle in the
solution of problems that arise in connection with the
administration of justice.

Forensic Science - is the use of science and


technology to enforce civil and criminal laws.
END.

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