Scribd
Upload
27 views22 pages

ppt 9 natural selection

The document discusses the impact of mutations on evolution, highlighting how exposure to mutagenic agents like radiation and chemicals can increase mutation rates. It explains Darwin's theory of natural selection using the example of peppered moths and antibiotic resistance in bacteria, illustrating how advantageous mutations can lead to survival and reproduction. The text emphasizes that variations within populations arise from mutations, which can be beneficial or detrimental, influencing the evolutionary process.

Uploaded by

Aghaanaa Jaiganesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
27 views22 pages

ppt 9 natural selection

The document discusses the impact of mutations on evolution, highlighting how exposure to mutagenic agents like radiation and chemicals can increase mutation rates. It explains Darwin's theory of natural selection using the example of peppered moths and antibiotic resistance in bacteria, illustrating how advantageous mutations can lead to survival and reproduction. The text emphasizes that variations within populations arise from mutations, which can be beneficial or detrimental, influencing the evolutionary process.

Uploaded by

Aghaanaa Jaiganesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

3.

37B understand that the incidence of mutations


can be increased by exposure to ionising
radiation (for example, gamma rays, x-rays and
ultraviolet rays)
and some chemical mutagens (for example,
chemicals in tobacco)
3.38 explain Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural
selection
3.39 understand how resistance to antibiotics can
increase in bacterial populations, and
appreciate how such an increase can lead to
infections being difficult to control
Learn the following:

Mutagenic agents
can be chemical,
biological or physical (like
X-rays), and can increase
the rate of mutation
Starter

Ca
the n you
mu sp
tag ot
en
?
Whats the MUTATION ?

U
V V
U

G
L I L
G H
T T
H
Whats the MUTATION ?

N
S I T R O U N
S

A
C A
C I D
How’s
Whatsyour
theMUTATION
MUTATIONRATE?
?

M
G A G
M M A

RY A RY S
How’s
Whatsyour
theMUTATION
MUTATIONRATE?
?

V
R I V
R E
U S U
E S
All of the variation that exists within a population
of living organisms has come about because of
mutations.
Some of these mutations can be detrimental like
the substitution mutation that leads to the
disease, cystic fibrosis, where individuals produce
sticky mucus which they cannot remove without
assistance.
However, other mutations can lead to
individuals having a phenotype which conveys
an advantage over other individuals within the
population
What is the link with Natural selection?
A little bit of “background” to the peppered
moths
About 300 years ago, the vast majority of the peppered moths
in the UK had light-coloured wing patterns
This enabled them to camouflage against the light coloured
trees and lichens.
The air pollution given out during the industrial revolution killed
the lichens and coated the trees with soot making the light
peppered moth easier to see by its’ predators and their
numbers decreased
“Explain how the
peppered moth is good
evidence for evolution
by natural selection”
• A mutation occurred in some
Structure of a good peppered moths, giving them
answer a dark-coloured wing pattern.

V
1. St
ate t
varia he
show tion
n by
indiv the
idua
l
• A mutation occurred in some
peppered moths, giving them
A a dark-coloured wing pattern.
• These dark moths were able
to hide on the darkened trees
2. Brie
fl y de
how t scribe
hi s fe
is adv ature
antag
eous
• A mutation occurred in some
moths, giving them a dark-
S coloured wing pattern.
• These dark moths were able
to hide on the darkened trees
3. Sta • The dark moths avoid
te w h
mean at this predators and survive whilst
indivi s for the the light moths are visible and
dual (
the ot and for get eaten
hers)
• A mutation occurred in some
moths, giving them a dark-
R coloured wing pattern.
• These dark moths were able
to hide on the darkened trees
• The dark moths avoid
4. Sta predators and survive whilst
t
happe e what the light moths are visible and
ns t o
advan t he
tageo get eaten
genes us
• The dark moths reproduce
and pass the genes for the
dark wings onto their offspring
• A mutation occurred in some
moths, giving them a dark-
O coloured wing pattern.
• These dark moths were able to
hide on the darkened trees
• The dark moths avoid predators
5. Ov and survive whilst the light
er
and moths are visible and get eaten
over • The dark moths reproduce and
pass the genes for the dark wings
onto their offspring
• The offspring survive and
reproduce, passing the genes on
again and eventually the result
was a population which is mainly
dark-coloured
Variations exist within all populations of organisms due
to random _____________ that arise within the genome
of an individual. Sometimes this mutation will convey an
__________ to an individual that allows that organism to
survive long enough to _____________. The genes
which code for the advantageous feature may passed on
to the ____________. The offspring can pass these
_______ on themselves when they reproduce and if this
is repeated over and over, over a very long period of
time, the feature will be found throughout the
_____________.
Examples of Evolution by Natural Selection

One of the main concerns


with the overuse of
antibiotics is that bacteria
are becoming resistant
which occurs due to
natural selection
Read the 6 statements carefully and
then using the VASRO example as a
guide, write the statements into the
correct order to show how antibiotic
resistance can develop in bacteria
Can you order the statements?
A mutation occurs in a bacterium

This mutation conveys resistance to an antibiotic for the


bacterium

When antibiotics are added to a medium, the bacterium with


the resistance will survive.

Those bacteria without resistance will die.

Surviving bacteria reproduce rapidly by mitosis and the gene for


antibiotic resistance is passed on to the offspring bacteria

If reproduction is allowed to continue for long enough, this


specific species of bacteria may become resistant to this specific
antibiotic
Understanding check/HWK
Time

Use the examples of the


peppered moth and the
bacteria and the VASRO
keywords to help you to write a
detailed passage about how
evolution by natural selection
has affected giraffes as shown
in the picture on the right (5
marks)
Required response
1 mark for each bullet point (up to a maximum of 5)

•A mutation in the DNA of some giraffes causes their necks to


grow longer.
•These giraffes are better adapted to their environment as they
are able to reach the leaves on the highest trees .
•These longer-necked giraffes will get the food they need to
survive.
•The giraffes that have the smaller necks cannot get the food
and die.
•The surviving giraffes reproduce and pass on the genes for the
longer neck to their offspring.
•This process is repeated over and over and the longer necks
are seen throughout the species

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy