Neuron-glia Interactons
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Jau-Shyong Hong, Ph.D. (Retired)
Scientist Emeritus -
Tel 984-287-3435
[email protected] -
111 Tw Alexander DrDavid P Rall BuildingResearch Triangle Park, NC 27709
Research Summary
Jau-Shyong (John) Hong, Ph.D., heads the Neuropharmacology Group and holds a secondary appointment in the NIEHS Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory. The Neuropharmacology Group is involved in a number of projects to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to develop novel therapeutic agents that target these mechanisms as a means to halt the progress of neurodegenerative diseases. The group’s central hypothesis is that activation of microglia, as induced by xenobiotics and endogenous factors released during cellular injury, may self-perpetuate resulting in a sustained, low-grade neuroinflammation that leads to gradual oxidative neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons and thus Parkinsonianism (see figure below).
Although their previous work primarily focused on acute neurotoxicants (e.g. MPTP, Rotenone and Paraquat) to induce Acute Parkinsonianism in animal models, they are currently utilizing two lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic neuroinflammation models that better recapitulate the delayed, progressive pathology of idiopathic PD. By focusing on chronic neuroinflammation as the driving factor in the pathogenesis of PD, these models have allowed the Neuropharmacology Group to study anti-inflammatory therapies that dampen or abolish inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration — a strategy with potential applications to prevent the progression of other neurodegenerative diseases associated with chronic neuroinflammation.
Unlike NSAIDs that primarily inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme activities, this group has focused its efforts on developing a new class of anti-inflammatory therapies that selectively inhibit the enzyme activities of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). During inflammation NOX2 on microglia generate extracellular superoxide (that quickly form into neurotoxic intermediates) and is also involved in mediating intercellular ROS that is involved in a variety of cell signaling pathways including the generation and maintenance of the pro-inflammatory cascade. By inhibiting the activity of NOX2, this group has been able to interrupt the sustained, low-grade neuroinflammation (as measured by changes in cytokine production and markers for glial activation) and halt neurodegeneration in its PD models.
Beyond the development of novel therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, this group is also studying the neuropathology of alpha-synuclein aggregation, assessing non-motor pathologies and behavioral deficits, and examining for neurovascular unit dysfunctions in PD using its chronic neuroinflammation models. Since PD is known to be associated with environmental exposures such as infectious agents, pesticides and heavy metals — all of which trigger a neuro-inflammatory response — our research exploring the etiology, pathogenesis and therapies of PD is highly relevant to the mission of NIEHS.
Major areas of research:
- Molecular mechanisms of activation of glial cells
- Mechanisms of glia-mediated neurotoxicity
Current projects:
- Assessing our LPS-induced chronic neuroinflammation models of PD
- Elucidating the mechanisms of the progressive nature of neurodegeneration in PD
- Developing a novel glia-based therapy for PD
Hong received his Ph.D. in Pharmacology from the University of Kansas School of Medicine in 1973. He has been a member of the NIH community for the past 40 years, initially working at the National Institute of Mental Health before joining NIEHS in 1980. To date, Hong has published more than 480 peer-reviewed articles in leading biomedical journals (total citation >48,000; H-factor 105) and has written more than 50 book chapters. He was appointed to the Senior Biomedical Research Service in 2010.