ENERAL KNOWLEDGE ~ Indian History

AGRICULTURE Terracotta Figurines Fire

baked clay was used to
Agriculture was the make toys, objects of
backboneIndus of the Civilisation
Valley worship,
is TOWN-PLANNING animals
civilisation.
one due The
of the soilfour earliest (monkey, dogs, sheep,
was fertile to cattle, Town-planning
humped was not
and
inundation civilisations
in the of the world
river bumpless uniform. bulls), A common
.cattle
Indus. alongwith
civilisations toysthe feature
of with was the grid
movable
system i.e. toy-carts,
streets cutting
tThey
iops used
.produced wooden
Mesopotamia .were (Tigris: toHead,be their
and across favouriteone another at
wheat,Euphrates),
barley, Egypt (Nile) time-pass. right angles, dividing
dates, and peas, sesamum,
China (HwangTRADE Ho). the town into large
mustard, r Tliemillet,
Civilisation forms a rectangular blocks.
ragi, bajra part arid of the jowar. At Agriculture,
proto-history The towns industry were divided
Lothal of arid India and belongsand to forest into; provided
two parts: the
llangpur. therice Bronzehusks age. the basis Upper for internal
part or Citadel
were found. The most V accepted and-external and the trade.
* They were
period (s first,
2500-1700) to Trade BC "S was. based on
produce cotton
(derived by Garbon-14 in the barterUnderground Isystem.
.ower pari. Coins
world, dating), which Greeks are riot ;evident. drainage
first Bullocksystem
called-as. carts and connected
boats all
- DayoramSinSalmi don
braveddiscovered Sind. Ain were houses
from Harappa; used
drains, made up of
to the for street
fragment 1021, of woven transportation.
RE) Bannerjee mortar, lime and
cotton discovered
cloth- was Mohenjodaro found gypsum; They were
at Mohenjodaro.
or Mound of the | Towns and Trade
Dead' covered with either
- Well-irrigation is evident i Daimabad Bxnzo industry.
from in 1922. brick - 'w or stone slabs
the darns ! Lothal Factory for and equipped
stone tools arid "'' with
and irrigation canals
It can be divided into the following sub-parts
j manholes.
metallic finished.goqds.,- This shows
foundat.ffihplrivira.
Early Phase - 2900-2500 BC a goods,
developed s; use of
Sugarcane-was
^ Middle (mature) Phase - 2500-2000not BC
| Balakot Pearl finished
health
'T
and sanitation.
City. cuknown
CamelProvince to
Laterbones
Phase
the
are Indus
reported
River Bank
:
Year
2000-1750 at Kalibarigkn
BCof
. ,, bangie
The ;"
and shell industry-
Archaeologist Great Bath
l>ic:al shape and in multiples Discovery of(Mohenjodaro)
1G. It was
Harappa ;;vand remains
Pakistani Punjab: of
/ NOMENCLATURE Ravihorse are 1921 discbVefed: DRused
Sahni for A religious
Foreign trade flourished with RDbathing. Steps at
> Indus Valley
Afrom Surkotada. Mesopotamia either or
Mohenjodaro Sind Indus 122 Bannerjee
Chanhudaro; R1 AND CRAE ISIndus as it Major
SindCivilisation, 1931 Imports
, MG Majumdar end lead to the
Sutkagendor
Harappans Balochistan
used stoneDashttools, and 1931 Aurel Stein
Rangpur implements Indus
GujaratandCities
were.well
At Meedaracquainted
a Glance 1931 MS Vats
Ropar with bronze.
/IndianBronze
Punjab was made
Sutlej by mixing 1953 YD Sharma
Lothal
copper (from Khetri) with Bhogava
Gujarat ~
tin, > 1957
Boat making, jewellery of gold, silver SR Rao
Kanbanganprecious;Rajasthan Ghaggar
stone - arid bead making was 1961 BB Lai
Dholavira practised.
Kachchh
Cotton(Gujarat)
fabrics Luni
were used in 1967 JP Joshi
Banawali summerHaryana
and woollens in winter.
Ghaggar 1973 RS Bisht
- ikitteryfiBbth
Atamgirpur plam or painted
Uttar Pradesh Hindon (red and 1974
black)' pojtery was made; - Pots w-ere YD Sharma
From
dccora!fed$jithi' human figures, plants,
animals
: Gold -' Ko'ararid(Karnataka);
geometrical patterns.
' - . Metal Images Bronze
Afghanistan, Persiaimage
(Iran)of a nude
Silver,,,:, wtimanAfpi-anistan,
'dancerPersia. (Iran),
(identified;;.as.
- devdasi).-
-Southand stone steauie image of a
India..
;
Copper bearded.Khetri
man(Rajasthan)
were, both obtained from
Mohenjodaro.
rfjalochistan, Arabia ,,VCi- <;
Tin iAfghanistan, Hazaribagh';,; - ,
(Jharkhand) " '
Lapis Lazuli and; Badak-Shan (Afghanistan%'~p:
Sapphires/
Jade'1' 5 Central Asia;
Steatite Shahr-i-Sokhta, KirtharjHills1y
Amethyst Maharashtra''