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    UPSC Civil Services Examination: History Topic: Indus Valley Civilization

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    abhishek patial
    The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia, located in what is now Pakistan and Northwestern India. It included over 1,000 urban settlements of varying sizes, with major sites such as Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Kalibangan, Lothal, and Dholavira. These cities had well-planned layouts with structural facilities like granaries, large residential blocks, and drainage systems. Archaeological findings provide evidence of advanced civic and hydraulic engineering.

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    UPSC Civil Services Examination: History Topic: Indus Valley Civilization

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    abhishek patial
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    The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia, located in what is now Pakistan and Northwestern India. It included over 1,000 urban settlements of varying sizes, with major sites such as Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Kalibangan, Lothal, and Dholavira. These cities had well-planned layouts with structural facilities like granaries, large residential blocks, and drainage systems. Archaeological findings provide evidence of advanced civic and hydraulic engineering.

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    Indus-Valley-Civilization

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    The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia, located in what is now Pakistan and Northwestern India. It included over 1,000 urban settlements of varying sizes, with major sites such as Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Kalibangan, Lothal, and Dholavira. These cities had well-planned layouts with structural facilities like granaries, large residential blocks, and drainage systems. Archaeological findings provide evidence of advanced civic and hydraulic engineering.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    64 views3 pages

    UPSC Civil Services Examination: History Topic: Indus Valley Civilization

    Uploaded by

    abhishek patial
    The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia, located in what is now Pakistan and Northwestern India. It included over 1,000 urban settlements of varying sizes, with major sites such as Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Kalibangan, Lothal, and Dholavira. These cities had well-planned layouts with structural facilities like granaries, large residential blocks, and drainage systems. Archaeological findings provide evidence of advanced civic and hydraulic engineering.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    UPSC Civil Services Examination

    History

    Topic: Indus Valley Civilization

    What is Indus Valley Civilization?

    The Indus valley civilization is also known as Harappan Civilization and is famous for its systematic
    planning based on the grid system.

    The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization spreading from today’s North-East
    Afghanistan to Pakistan and North-West India. This civilization flourished in the river basins of the
    Indus and the Ghaggar-Hakra River.

    There are seven important cities in Indus valley civilization:

    1. Mohenjo-Daro
    2. Harappa
    3. Kalibangan
    4. Lothal
    5. Chanhudaru
    6. Dholavira
    7. Banawali

    Surkotada, Lothal, and Dholavira are the important port towns in the Indus valley. Harappa, Mohenjo-
    Daro, Banawali and Dholavira are considered as the four main Harappan Sites. Till 1999, over 1,056
    urban areas and settlements had been found. 96 sites have been excavated, mostly in the region of the
    Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra Rivers and their tributaries. Among the settlements were the most important
    urban centres of Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Ganeriwala, Dholavira, and Rakhigarhi.

    Major Sites of Indus Valley Civilization

    Here we are giving the list of major sites in the Indus valley civilizations along with its location, major
    findings which are very useful for UPSC IAS Prelims examination.

    Excavated
    Year Site Location Major findings
    by
     Piece of Pottery with Indus Script
     Cubical Limestone Weight
    Sahiwal District, Punjab in Daya Ram  Faience Slag
    1921 Harappa
    the banks of Ravi Sahni  Sandstone statues of Human anatomy
     Copper Bullock cart
     Granaries
     Coffin burials (Only founded in
    Harrapa)
     Terracotta Figurines

     Great bath
     Granary
     Unicorn Seals (Most numbers of it in
    here)
     Bronze dancing girl statue
    Mohenjo- Larkana District Of Sind on R. D
    1922  Seal of a man with deers, elephants, tiger
    Daro the bank of Indus Banerjee
    and rhinos around- Considered to be
    Pashupati Seal)
     Steatite statue of beard man
     Bronze buffalo

     Trade point between Harappa and


    Babylon
     Flint Blades
     Stone Vessels
     Stone Arrowheads
    1929 Sutkagendor Baluchistan on Dast river Stein  Shell Beads
     Pottery
     Bactria-Margiana Archaeological
    Complex (BMAC) associated Copper-
    Bronze Disc

     Bangle Factory
     Inkpot
     Bead makers shop
    Mullan Sandha, Sind on the N G  The footprint of a dog chasing a cat
    1931 Chanhudaro
    Indus river Majumdar  Cart with a seated driver

    Note: It is the only city without a citadel


     Antelope evidence
    Close to Balochistan, on the N G
    1935 Amri  Rhinoceros' evidence
    bank of Indus river Majumdar

     Lower fortified town


     Wooden drainage
     Copper Ox
     Evidence of earthquake
    Hanumangarh District,
    Amlanand  Wooden plough
    1953 Kalibangan Rajasthan on the bank of
    Ghose  Camel’s bone
    Ghaggar river
     Fire alters
     Camel's bones
     Furrowed land

    1953 Lothal Gujarat on Bhogva river R. Rao  Port Town


    near Gulf of  Graveyard
     Ivory weight balance
    Cambay  Copper dog
     First manmade port
     Dockyard
     Rice husk
     Fire alters
     Chess-playing

     Bones of horses
     Beads
    1964 Surkotada Gujarat J P Joshi
     Stone Covered Beads

     Beads
     Barley
     Oval shaped settlement
    1974 Banawali Hissar district of Haryana R S Bisht  The only city with radial streets
     Toy plough
     The largest number of barley grains

     Exclusive water management


     Only site to be divided into three parts
     Giant water reservoir
     Unique water harnessing system
    Gujarat in Rann of
    1985 Dholavira R S Bisht  Dams
    Kutchchh
     Embankments
     Stadium
     Rock – Cut architecture

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