Site State River Excavator Specialty

Lothal Gujarat Bhogava and S.R. Rao Dockyard, an important sea trade Centre and beadmaking.
(Ahmedabad Sabarmati (1957) Factory Town is not divided into two sectors. The city was
District, at river divided into six sectors and each section was built on a wide
the head of confluence platform of unique brick.
the Gulf of Remains of rice husks. Houses with entrances on the main
street (houses of all other sites had side entries).
Cambay)
Painting on a jar resembling the story of the cunning fox in
Panchatantra.
Evidence of double burial (male and female together).
Brick-built tank-like structure Seal from Mesopotamia found
here, Ivory scale found here.
A terracotta model of the ship has been found.
The lower part of the city is walled Fire altars.
Kalibangan Rajasthan Ghaggar Amlanand Ploughed field and Fire altars show the practice of cult of
“Black Bangles” (Ganganagar) Ghosh sacrifice.
(1953) Remains of a massive brick wall around both the citadel and
lower town.
Dr B. B.
Bones of camels.
Lal and B. K.
Not as well planned and organised as Mohenjo-Daro, did not
Thapar
even have a drainage System.
(1961)
Burials in circular and rectangular graves.
Provides evidence of pre-Harappan civilisation at the lower
layer of excavation and maturity.
Harappan at the upper layer of excavation.
Decorative bricks are used in flooring only at this site.
Chanhu-Daro Pakistan Indus N.G. Remains of both pre-Harappan and Mature Harappan culture.
(Sindh), near Mazumdar Bead factory site, as lots of beads, seals, and ornaments
Mohenjo-Daro (1931) and unearthed.
E. Makay Residents were good craftsmen.
Not fortified Structure, Only Harappan city without a citadel.
Evidence of Human sacrifice.
Clay model of four wheeler
Bronze model of the roofed chariot.
Rangpur Gujarat Madar River M.S. Vatsa Remains of both pre-Harappan and Mature Harappan culture
(Near Lothal) ( 1931) Flakes.
S.R. Rao Yellow and grey colour pots of pre-Harappan people.
(1953-54)
Banawali Haryana Rangoi R.S. Bist Centre of pre-Harappan, Mature Harappan as well as Late
(Hisar) (1973–74) Harappan civilisation.
High-quality barley.
Ceramics, steatite seal,Fire altars, a Clay model of the plough.
Seals are found only in lower towns and not in the citadel.
Alamgirpur Meerut (UP) Hindon Y.D. Late- Harappan culture.
Sharma Impression of cloth on a trough.
(1958) Pottery and beads.
Koti-Diji Sindh Sindh Ghurey Pre-Harappan site House made of stone City
(Pakistan) (1835) destroyed by force.
Fazal
Ahmed
(1955)

26 Ancient India
 Site State River Excavator Specialty
Amri Sindh Sindh N.G. Pre-Harappan settlement.
(Pakistan) Majumdar The transitional culture between pre and post-Harappa
(1929) culture.
Actual remains of the rhinoceros,
A trace of jhangar culture in the Late Harappan
Fire altars.
Ropar Punjab Sutlej Y.D. Cemetery, seal, earthen pot.
(India) Sharma Buildings are mainly of stone and soil.
(1955–56) Evidence of burying dogs below humans.
Surkotada Gujarat J.P. Joshi Bones of horse and graveyard.
(Bhuj) (1964)
Suktagendor Sindh Dasht/ A Stein, Ash filled pot, copper axe, earthen bangles & Pottery.
(Pakistan) Dashak George Originally a port but later cut off from sea due to coastal uplift.
Balochistan River Dales Had trade links with Babylon.
Dholavira Gujarat J.P. Joshi Giant water reservoir.
(1990–91) Unique water harvesting System.
It is well known for its elaborate system of water harvesting
and management by building a series of dams and channelising
water into connected reservoirs.
An Inscription comprising ten large-sized signs of the Harappan
script similar to a signboard.
Shows all three phases of Harappan Culture.
Large-scale use of sandstone along with mud brick.
RakhigarhI Haryana Over 350 hectares with new finds of two additional mounds,
(Near Hisar), making it the largest Indus Valley Civilisation site and town in
Bhirrana the world.
(Fatehgarh) Shows all three phases of Harappan Culture.
At Bhirrana fragmented artefact of a thick, sturdy red ware
with an incised female figure has been found, with a pose
similar to the bronze Mohenjo-Daro ‘dancing girl’.

Some Important Information CONCLUSION

‰ Burzahom: At Burzahom, Kashmir valley, tools made
of bones and stones and tools representing the The name “Indus Valley Civilization” was derived from the
ritualistic practices were found. It represents the Indus River system, as the early sites of this civilization
natural setting of the Neolithic people. were discovered and excavated on the alluvial plains
‰ Chandraketugarh: Several terracotta artefacts have surrounding it. This ancient civilization, commonly known as
been unearthed at Chandraketugarh, including erotic the Harappan Civilization, holds profound significance not
art on the plaques. only for historians and archaeologists but also for everyday
‰ Ganeshwar-Jodhpur: At the sites of Ganeshwar- individuals.
Jodhpur near the Khetri copper mines, several Its urban design, architectural marvels, artistic
copper artefacts were excavated, viz., arrowheads, achievements, and the intricate understanding of social,
spearheads, bangles, pottery and chisels etc. religious, and economic structures represent some of the
Ganeshwar had mainly supplied copper objects to most striking features unearthed from this era. The layout
Harappa. The archaeological site was named after and architectural elements of the Harappan civilization’s
the present-day village, Gilund, and is locally known
urban centres have been subjects of extensive study,
as Modiya Magari, which means “bald habitation
showcasing the sophistication and meticulous planning of
mound”.
this ancient society.

Harappan Civilization 27