Solutionbank FP1: Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics

Heinemann Solutionbank: Further Pure FP1 Page 1 of 1
Solutionbank FP1
Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics
Matrix algebra
Exercise A, Question 1
Question:
Describe the dimensions of these matrices.
a (11 03)
b 1 ( 2)
(3 0 1)
c 1 2 1
d (1 2 3)
e ( 3 1)
1 0 0
f 0 1 0

0 0 1
Solution:
a (11 03) is 2 2
( 2)
b 1 is 2 1
(3 0 1)
c 1 2 1 is 2 3
d (1 2 3) is 1 3
e ( 3 1) is 1 2
1 0 0
f 0 1 0 is 3 3

0 0 1
Pearson Education Ltd 2008
file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\fp1_4_a_1.html 3/18/2013
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
For the matrices
A= 2 1 , B= 4 1 , C= 6 0 ,
( ) ( ) ( )
1 3 1 2 0 1
find
a A+C
b BA
c A+ B C .
Solution:
a 2 1 + 6 0 = 8 1
( 1 3 ) ( 0 1 ) (1 4 )
b (14 21 ) (12 13 ) = (22 52 )
c 2 1 + 4
(1 3 ) (1 12) (60 01) = (00 00)
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
For the matrices
()
A= 1 , B= (1 1) , C= ( 1 1 0 ),
2
( )
D= ( 0 1 1) , E= 3 , F= ( 2 1 3),
1
find where possible:
a A+B
b AE
c F D+C
d B+C
e F(D+C)
f AF
g C(FD).
Solution:
a A + B is (2 1) + (1 2) Not possible
b A E = 1 3 = 2 .
(2) (1) ( 3 )
c
F D + C = ( 2 1 3) ( 0 1 1) + ( 1 1 0)
= (1 1 4)
d B + C is (1 2) + (1 3) Not possible
F (D + C) = ( 2 1 3) [(0 1 1) + ( 1 1 0)]
= ( 2 1 3) ( 1 2 1)
= ( 3 1 4)
f A F = (2 1) (1 3) Not possible.
C (F D) = ( 1 1 0) [(2 1 3) ( 0 1 1)]
= ( 1 1 0) ( 2 0 4)
= ( 3 1 4 )
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Given that a 2 1 c = 5 0 , find the values of the constants a, b, c and d.

(0 5)
1 b d 2
Solution:
a1 =5 a=6
2c =0 c=2
1 d =0 d = 1
b (2) =5 b=3
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Given that 1 2 0 + a b c = cc c5 cc , find the values of a, b and c.

( )
a b c 1 2 0
Solution:
1+a = c
2+b = 5 b=3
0+c = c
a+1 = c
b+2 = c
c+0 = c
Use b = 3 in c=5
Use c = 5 in a=4
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
5 3 a b 7 1
Given that 0 1 + c d = 2 0 , find the values of a, b, c, d, e and f.

2 1 e f 1 4
Solution:
5+a =7 a=2
3+b =1 b = 2
0+c =2 c=2
1 + d =0 d=1
2+e =1 e = 1
1+f =4 f=3
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Exercise B, Question 1
Question:
For the matrices A= 2 0(4 6) , B= (11 ), find

a 3A
1
b A
2
c 2B.
Solution:
(4 6) = (126 180 )
a 3 2 0
b ( ) ( )
1 2 0
2 4 6
= 1 0
2 3
(1) = (22 )
c 2 1
file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\fp1_4_b_1.html 3/18/2013
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
(2 0) (1 0) ( x 0)
Find the value of k and the value of x so that 0 1 + k 0 2 = 0 7 .
Solution:
1 + 2k = 7
2k = 6
k = 3
2k = x
23 = x
x = 1
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Find the values of a, b, c and d so that 2 a 0 3 1 c = (43 43 ).

1 b d 1
Solution:
2a 3 = 3 2a = 6
a=3
0 3c = 3 c = 1
2 3d = 4 3d = 6
d=2
2b + 3 = 4 2b = 7
b = 3.5
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Find the values of a, b, c and d so that 5 a 2 c 2 = 9 1 .

(b 0) (1 1) 3 d
Solution:
5 2c = 9
4 = 2c
c = 2
a4 =1
a=5
b2 =3
b=5
0+2 = d
d=2
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Find the value of k so that 3 + k 2k = k .

k 2k 6
Solution:
3 + 2k 2 = k
=== 2k 2 k 3 = 0
(2k 3)(k + 1) = 0
3
k= or 1
2
AND k + 2k 2 = 6
=== 2k 2 + k 6 = 0
(2k 3)(k + 2) = 0
3
k= or 2
2
3
So common value is k =
2
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Exercise C, Question 1
Question:
Given the dimensions of the following matrices:

Matrix A B C D E
Dimension 2 2 1 2 1 3 3 2 2 3
Give the dimensions of these matrix products.
a BA
b DE
c CD
d ED
e AE
f DA
Solution:
a (1 2) (2 2) = 1 2
b (3 2) (2 3) = 3 3
c (1 3) (3 2) = 1 2
d (2 3) (3 2) = 2 2
e (2 2) (2 3) = 2 3
f (3 2) (2 2) = 3 2
file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\fp1_4_c_1.html 3/18/2013
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Find these products.
(3 4)(12)
a 1 2
(3 4)(10 25 )
b 1 2
Solution:
(3 4)(12) = (53)
a 1 2
(3 4)(10 25 ) = (24 71)

b 1 2
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The matrix A= 1 2 and the matrix B= 1 0 1 .

(0 3) (1 1 0)
Find
A2 means A A
a AB
b A2
Solution:
a 1 2 1 0 1 = 3 2 1
( 0 3 )(1 1 0) ( 3 )
3 0
b 1 2
( 0 3 )(10 23 ) = (10 49 )
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The matrices A, B and C are given by
1()
A= 2 , B= (13 12), C = ( 3 2 )
Determine whether or not the following products are possible and find the products of those that are.
a AB
b AC
c BC
d BA
e CA
f CB
Solution:
a AB is (2 1) (2 2) Not possible
b AC = 2 ( 3 2 ) = 6 4
(1) (3 2)
c BC is (2 2) (1 2) Not possible
d BA = (13 12)(12) = (70)

(1)
e CA = ( 3 2 ) 2 = (8).
(1 2)
f CB = ( 3 2 ) 3 1 = ( 7 7 )
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
(1 1)(10
Find in terms of a 2 a )
3 0 .
1 2
Solution:
3 0 = 2 6 a 2a
(21 1a )(10 1 2) (
1 4 2 )
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
(1 x )(1x 23 ).
Find in terms of x 3 2
Solution:
(13 2x )(1x 23 ) = (3x0+ 2 3x0+ 2)

Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
(0 1 )
The matrix A= 1 2 .
Find
a A2
b A3
c Suggest a form for Ak.
You might be asked to prove this formula for Ak in FP1 using induction from Chapter 6.
Solution:
(0 1)(10 12) = (10 14)

a A2 = 1 2
(0 1)(10 14) = (10 61)

b A3 = AA2 = 1 2
Note A2 = 1 2 2
( )
0 1
A = (1 23
1 )
3
0
Suggests Ak = 1 2 k
0 1
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The matrix A= a 0.
b 0
a Find, in terms of a and b, the matrix A2.
Given that A2 = 3A
b find the value of a.
Solution:
2
a A2 = a 0 a 0 = a 0
b 0 b 0 ab 0
2
b A2 = 3 A a 0 = 3a 0
ab 0 3b 0
a 2 = 3a a = 3 (or 0)
and ab = 3b a=3
a=3
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
2
A= ( 1 3) , B= 1 , C= 4 2 .
( )
0 3
0
Find a BAC
b AC2
Solution:
2
BAC = 1 ( 1 3) 4 2
( )
0 3
0
2
= 1 ( 4 7 )

0
8 14
= 4 7

0 0
AC2 = ( 1 3) 4 2
( )(04 23)
0 3
4 2
7 )(
0 3)
= ( 4
= ( 16 29 )
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
1
A= 1 , B= ( 3 2 3).

2
Find a ABA
b BAB
Solution:
1 1
ABA = 1( 3 2 3) 1

2 2
1
= 1(1)

2
1
=1

2
1
BAB = ( 3 2 3) 1( 3 2 3)

2
= (1)( 3 2 3)
= ( 3 2 3)
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Exercise D, Question 1
Question:
Which of the following are not linear transformations?

a P: y
(x) 2x

y + 1
2
(x)
b Q: y x
y
2x + y
c R: y
(x)
x + xy
(x) ( )
d S: y 3y
x
y+3

e T: y
(x)
x + 3

f U: y
( x) 2x

3y 2x
Solution:
a P is not (0,0) (0,1)
b Q is not x x 2 is not linear
c R is not y x + xy is not linear
d S is linear
e T is not (0,0) (3,3)
f U is linear.
file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\fp1_4_d_1.html 3/18/2013
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Identify which of these are linear transformations and give their matrix representations. Give reasons to explain why the
other transformations are not linear.
2x y
a S: y
x
() 3x

2y + 1
b T: y
(x)
x1
( x ) ( xy0 )
c U: y
(x) ( )
d V: y 2y
x
( x) ( y)
e W: y x
Solution:
a S is represented by 2 1
(3 0
b T is not linear (0,0) (1 , 1)
c U is not linear x xy is not linear
d V is represented by (10 20)

e W is represented by 0 1
(1 0
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Identify which of these are linear transformations and give their matrix representations. Give reasons to explain why the
other transformations are not linear.
x2
( x)
a S: y 2
y
( x ) (yx )
b T: y
( x ) ( x y)
c U: y x y
( x) ( )
d V: y 0
0
(x) (x)
e W: y y
Solution:
a S is not linear x x 2 and y y 2 are not linear
b T is represented by 0 1
(1 0 )
c U is represented by 1 1
(1 1)
(0 0 )
d V is represented by 0 0
e W is represented by 1 0(0 1 )
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Find matrix representations for these linear transformations.
a ( xy ) y y+ 2x

y
b y x + 2y
( x)

Solution:
x y + 2x 2x + y
a y y

( ) 2 1
= 0x y is represented by 0 1
x 0 y
b y is represented by 0 1 ( )
x + 2y
1 2
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The triangle T has vertices at (1, 1), (2, 3) and (5, 1).
Find the vertices of the image of T under the transformations represented by these matrices.
a 1 0
( 0 1)
(0 2)
b 1 4
c 0 2
(2 0 )
Solution:
a 1 0 1 2 5 = 1 2 5
( 0 1( 1 3 1) (1 )
3 1
vertices of image of T are at (1,1); (1,3); (5,1)
b 1(0 42)(11 23 15) = (23 146 92)

vertices of image of T are at (3 , 2); (14 , 6); (9 , 2)
c 0 2
(2 0)(11 23 51) = (22 6 2
)
4 10
vertices of image of T are at (2 , 2); (6,4); (2,10)
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The square S has vertices at (1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0) and (0 , 1).
Find the vertices of the image of S under the transformations represented by these matrices.
( 0 3)
a 2 0
b 1 1
(1 1 )
(1 1)
c 1 1
Solution:
(0 3)(01 01
a 2 0 1 0 = 2 0 2 0
) (
0 1 0 3 0 3 )
vertices of the image of S are (2,0) : (0,3); (2,0); (0 , 3)
b 1 1 1 0 1
(1 1)( 0 1 0 = 1 1 1 1
) ( )
0 1 1 1 1 1
vertices of the image of S are (1 , 1); (1,1); (1,1); (1 , 1)
c 1(1 11(10 10

1 0 = 1 1 1 1
0 1) (
1 1 1 1 )
vertices of the image of S are (1 , 1); (1 , 1); (1,1); (1,1)
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Exercise E, Question 1
Question:
Describe fully the geometrical transformations represented by these matrices.
(0 1)
a 1 0
b 0 1
(1 0 )
c (10 01)
Solution:
(10) (10)
(01) (10 )
Reflection is x-axis (or line y = 0)
(10) (01)
(01) (10)
Rotation 90 anticlockwise about (0,0)
(10) (10 )
(01) (10)
Rotation 90 clockwise (or 270 anticlockwise) about (0,0)
file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\fp1_4_e_1.html 3/18/2013
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
1 0

a 2
1
0
2
(1 0 )
b 0 1
(0 1 )
c 1 0
Solution:
a
1
() 1
0
2

0
0
(01) 1

2
1
Enlargement - scale factor centre (0,0)
2
(10) (01)
(01) (10)
Reflection in line y = x
(10) (10)
(01) (01)
No change so this is the Identity matrix.
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
1 1
2 2
a
1 1

2 2
(0 4)
b 4 0
1 1 1
c (
2 1 1 )
Solution:
a
1
2
(10)

1
2
1
2
(01)
1

2
Rotation 45 clockwise about (0,0)
(10) (04)
(01) (04)
Enlargement Scale factor 4 centre (0,0)
1
2
(10)
1

2
1
2
(01)
1

2
Rotation 225 anti-clockwise about (0,0) or 135 clockwise
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Find the matrix that represents these transformations.
a Rotation of 90 clockwise about (0, 0).
b Reflection in the x-axis.
c Enlargement centre (0, 0) scale factor 2.
Solution:
(10) (10 ) Matrix is 0 1

(1 0)
( 1) (0 )
0 1
(10) (10) Matrix is 1 0

(0 1)
(1) (1)
0 0
(10) (02) Matrix is 2 0

(0 2)
(1) ( 2 )
0 0
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Find the matrix that represents these transformations.
a Enlargement scale factor 4 centre (0, 0).
b Reflection in the line y = x.
c Rotation about (0, 0) of 135 anticlockwise.
Solution:
(10) (40) Matrix is 4 0

( 0 4)
(1) (4)
0 0
(10) (01) Matrix is 0 1

(1 0)
(1) (0)
0 1
c
1
2
(10)

1
1 1
2 2 2
Matrix is 1 1
1
2 2
(01)
1

2
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Exercise F, Question 1
Question:
A= 1 0 , B= 0 1 , C= 2 0
( ) ( ) ( )
0 1 1 0 0 2
Find these matrix products and describe the single transformation represented by the product.
a AB
b BA
c AC
d A2
e C2
Solution:
a AB = 1 0
( 0 1)(10 10 ) = (01 10)
(10) (01) Reflection in y = x

(01) (10)
b BA = 0 1 1 0 = 0 1
(1 0 )( 0 1) (1 0) Reflection in y = x
c AC = 1 0
( 0 1)(02 02) = (20 20 ) Enlargement scale facter 2 centre (0,0)
d A2 = 1 0
( 0 1)(10 10 ) = (10 01) Identity (No transformation)
[This can be thought of as a rotation of 180 + 180 = 360 ]
(0 2)(02 02) = (04 04)

e C2 = 2 0
Enlargement scale facter 4 centre (0,0)
file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\fp1_4_f_1.html 3/18/2013
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
A = rotation of 90 anticlockwise about (0, 0) B = rotation of 180 about (0, 0)

C = reflection in the x-axis D = reflection in the y-axis
a Find matrix representations of each of the four transformations A, B, C and D.
b Use matrix products to identify the single geometric transformation represented by each of these combinations.
i Reflection in the x-axis followed by a rotation of 180 about (0, 0).
ii Rotation of 180 about (0, 0) followed by a reflection in the x-axis.
iii Reflection in the y-axis followed by reflection in the x-axis.
iv Reflection in the y-axis followed by rotation of 90 about (0, 0).
v Rotation of 180 about (0, 0) followed by a second rotation of 180 about (0, 0).
vi Reflection in the x-axis followed by rotation of 90 about (0, 0) followed by a reflection in the y-axis.
vii Reflection in the y-axis followed by rotation of 180 about (0, 0) followed by a reflection in the x-axis.
Solution:
0 1
Rotation of 90 anticlockwise A=
1 0 ( )
1 0
Rotation of 180 about (0,0) B=
0 1 ( )
Reflection in x-axis ( )
C= 1 0
0 1
Reflection in y-axis D= 1 0( )
0 1
i BC = 1 0
( 0 1)(10 10 ) = (10 01) (=D)
Reflection in y-axis
(0 1)(10 10 ) = (10 01)

ii CB = 1 0 (=D)
(0 1)(10 01) = (10 10 )

iii CD = 1 0 (=B)
Rotation of 180 about (0,0)
iv AD = 0 1 1 0 = 0 1
(1 0 )( 0 1) (1 0 )
Reflection in line y = x
v BB = 1 0
( 0 1)(10 10 ) = (10 01)
Rotation of 360 about (0, 0) or Identity
vi
DAC = (10 01)(10 10 )(10 10 )

= ( 0 1 )( 1 0 )
1 0 0 1
= ( 0 1) (= A)
1 0
Rotation of 90 anticlockwise about (0, 0)
vii
CBD = (10 10 )(10 10 )(10 01)

= ( 1 0 )( 1 0 )
0 1 0 1
= ( 0)
1
0 1
Identity - no transformation
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Use a matrix product to find the single geometric transformation represented by a rotation of 270 anticlockwise about
(0, 0) followed by a refection in the x-axis.
Solution:
Rotation of 270 about (0,0)
(10) (10 ) Matrix is 0 1 .

(1 0)
(1) (0)
0 1
Reflection is x-axis
(10) (10) Matrix is 1 0 .

(0 1)
(1) (1)
0 0
Rotation of 270 followed by reflection in x-axis is:
(10 10 )(10 10) = (01 10)
(10) (01)
(01) (10)
Reflection is y = x
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Use matrices to show that a refection in the y-axis followed by a reflection in the line y = x is equivalent to a rotation of
90 anticlockwise about (0, 0).
Solution:
Reflection in y-axis Matrix is Y= 1 0 ( )

0 1
Reflection in y = x Matrix R= (10 10 )
RY = (10 10 )(10 01) = (01 10 )
(10) (01) i.e. Rotation of 90 anticlockwise about (0, 0).

(01) (10)
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
1

1
2 2
The matrix R is given by
1 1
.

2 2
a Find R2.
b Describe the geometric transformation represented by R2.
c Hence describe the geometric transformation represented by R.
d Write down R8.
Solution:
1

1 1

1
2 0 1
aR =

1
2
1
2

1
2
1
2
=

( )
1 0
2 2 2 2
i.e. R2 represents rotation of 90 anticlockwise about (0, 0)
c R represents a rotation of 45 anticlockwise about (0, 0)
d R8 will represent rotation of 8 45 = 360
This is equivalent to no transformation
( )
R8 =I= 1 0
0 1
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
P= 5 2 , Q= 1 2
( ) ( )
3 1 3 5
The transformation represented by the matrix R is the result of the transformation represented by the matrix P followed
by the transformation represented by the matrix Q.
a Find R.
b Give a geometrical interpretation of the transformation represented by R.
Solution:
( 3 5 )(53 12 ) = (10 01)

a R= QP = 1 2
(10) (10)
(01) (01)
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
A= 5 7 , B= 4 3 , C= 2 1
( ) ( ) ( )
7 10 3 2 1 1
Matrices A, B and C represent three transformations. By combining the three transformations in the order B, followed by
A, followed by C a single transformation is obtained.
Find a matrix representation of this transformation and interpret it geometrically.
Solution:
7 4 3
CAB = (21 11)(75 10 )( 3 2)
= ( 3 4 )( 4 3)
2 3 3 2
= ( 0 1)
1 0
(10) (10 )
(01) (10)
Reflection in the line y = x
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
P= 1 5 , Q= 2 4 , R= 3 1
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 0 1 2 2
Matrices P, Q and R represent three transformations. By combining the three transformations in the order R, followed by
Q, followed by P a single transformation is obtained.
Find a matrix representation of this transformation and interpret it geometrically.
Solution:
PQR = (11 51)(02 41)(23 12)

= ( 2 1)( 3 1 )
2 3 2 2
= (8 0)
0 8
Enlargement scale factor 8
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Exercise G, Question 1
Question:
Determine which of these matrices are singular and which are non-singular. For those that are non-singular find the
inverse matrix.
a (43 12 )
b (13 13 )
(0 0 )
c 2 5
(3 5 )
d 1 2
(4 2)
e 6 3
(6 2)
f 4 3
Solution:
det 3 1 = 6 (4) (1)

4 2
= 64
= 2 0
the Matrix is non-singular
So inverse is ( )
1 2 1
2 4 3
or 1 0.5
2 1.5
det 3 3 = 3 (1) 3
1 1
= 3 + 3
= 0
Matrix is singular.
det 2 5 = 00
0 0
= 0
file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\fp1_4_g_1.html 3/18/2013
Matrix is singular
det 1 2 = 56
3 5
= 1 0
Matrix is non-singular
1 5 2
Inverse is (
1 3 1
= ) (53 12 )
e
det 6 3 = 12 12
4 2
= 0
Matrix is singular
det 4 3 = 8 18
6 2
= 10 0
Matrix is non-singular
2 3
Inverse is
1
(
10 6 4 )
0.2 0.3
=
0.6 0.4
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Find the value of a for which these matrices are singular.
a a 1+a
(3 )
2
b 1+a 3a
(a + 2 1 a )
c 2+a 1a
(1 a )
a
Solution:
det a 1 + a = 2a 3(1 + a)
3 2
= 2a 3 3a
= 3 a
Matrix is singular for a = 3
Let A = (1a ++ a2 13 aa )
det A = (1 + a)(1 a) (3 a)(a + 2)
= 1 a 2 (a 2 + a + 6)
= 1 a2 + a2 a 6
= a 5
det A = 0 a = 5
Let B = (12 + aa 1 a a)
det B = 2a + a 2 (1 a)2
= 2a + a 2 1 + 2a a 2
= 4a 1
1
det B = 0 a=
4
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
Find inverses of these matrices.
1+a
a (1 +a a 2+a )
b 2a 3b
a b
Solution:
1+a
Let A = (1 +a a 2+a )
det A = 2a + a 2 (1 + a)2
= 2a + a 2 1 2a a 2
= 1
1 2+a (1 + a) [2 + a] (1 + a)
A1 = =
1 (1 + a) a (1 + a) a
Let B = 2a 3b
a b
det B = 2ab (a) 3b
= 2ab + 3ab
= ab
1 b 3b
B1 =
ab a 2a
1 3
a
= a provided that ab 0
1 2

b b
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
a Given that ABC =I, prove that B1 = CA.
b Given that A= (10 61 ) and C= (32 11 ), find B.

Solution:
ABC = I
A1ABC = A1I
1
BC = A
BCC1 = A1C1
B = A1C1 = (CA)1
B1 = CA
CA =(32 11 )(10 61 )
= ( 1 4 )
1 3
1
(CA) = (13 14 )
1
3 + 4
B = (3 4)
1 1
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
a Given that AB =C, find an expression for B.
b Given further that A= 2 1 and C= 3 6 , find B.

(4 3 ) (1 22)
Solution:
AB =C
A1AB = A1C
B= A1C
A = (42 13 ) det A = 6 4 = 10
A1 (43 12)
1
=
10
1
B = A C
= ( )( )
1 3 1 3 6
10 4 2 1 22
= ( )
1 10 40
10 10 20
= ( )
1 4
1 2
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
a Given that BAC =B, where B is a non-singular matrix, find an expression for A.
(3 2 )
b When C= 5 3 , find A.
Solution:
BAC =B
B1BAC = B1B
AC =I
A= C1
( )
C= 5 3
3 2
det C = 10 9 = 1
1 2 3
C1 = ( )
1 3 5
A= 2 3
( )
3 5
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
7 8 . Find the matrix B.

The matrix A= (42 13 ) and AB = (84 13 18 )
Solution:
A =(42 13 ) det A = 6 (4) (1) = 2

1
A = ( 3 1)
1
4 2
2
AB = ( 7 8 1
8 13 18 )
4 ( on left byA )
B = ( 3 1 )( 4 7 8 )
1
4 2 8 13 18
2
B = ( 4 8 6 )
1
0 2 4
2
B = ( 4 3)
2
0 1 2
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
11 1
The matrix B= 5 4 and AB = 8 9 . Find the matrix A.
( )
2 1
2 1
Solution:
B = (25 41 ) det B = 5 + 8 = 13
B1 (21 54)
1
=
13
11 1
AB = 8 9 ( on right by B1)

2 1
11 1
ABB1 = 8 9 B1

2 1
1
11 1
A = 8 9 1 4
13 2 5
2 1
( )
1
13 39
= 26 13
13
0 13
1 3
= 2 1

0 1
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The matrix A= 3a b , where a and b are non-zero constants.

4a 2b
a Find A1.
The matrix B= a b and the matrix X is given by B= XA.

3a 2b
b Find X.
Solution:
A= 3a b det A = 6ab 4ab = 2ab

4a 2b
1 2b b
A1 =
2ab 4a 3a
B = XA
1
=
BA = XAA1
X = BA1
X = a b 2b b
1
So
3a 2b 4a 3a 2ab
1 6ab 4ab
=
2ab 2ab 3ab
3 2
X =
1 3 / 2
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The matrix A= a 2a and the matrix B= 2b 2a .

b 2b b a
a Find det (A) and det (B).
b Find AB.
Solution:
A = a 2a det A = 2ab 2ab = 0

b 2b
B = 2b 2a det B = 2ab 2ab = 0
b a
a 2a 2b 2a
AB =
b 2b b a
2 2
= 2ab 2ab 2a + 2a
2 2
2b 2b 2ab + 2ab
= (00 00)
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The non-singular matrices A and B are commutative (i.e. AB = BA ) and ABA =B.
a Prove that A2 =I.
Given that A= 0 1 , by considering a matrix B of the form a b

(1 0) c d
b show that a = d and b = c.
Solution:
Given AB = BA
and ABA =B
A(AB) =B
A2 B=B
A BB1 = BB1
2
A2 =I
( ) db = ac
AB = 0 1 a
1 0 c

d
b
BA = a b 0
( 10) = db
a
c d 1 c
AB = BA b = c
d=a
i.e. a = d and b = c
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Exercise H, Question 1
Question:
The matrix R= 0 1
(1 0 )
a Give a geometrical interpretation of the transformation represented by R.
b Find R1.
c Give a geometrical interpretation of the transformation represented by R1.
Solution:
a
(1,0) (0,1)
(0,1) (1,0)
R represents a rotation of 90 anticlockwise about (0, 0)
det R = 0 1 = 1
R1 = 0 1 ( )
1 0
c R1represents a rotation of 90 anticlockwise about (0,0)
(or 90 clockwise or 270 anticlockwise )
file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\fp1_4_h_1.html 3/18/2013
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
a The matrix S= 1 0
( 0 1)
i Give a geometrical interpretation of the transformation represented by S.
ii Show that S2 =I.
iii Give a geometrical interpretation of the transformation represented by S 1.
b The matrix T= (10 10 )

i Give a geometrical interpretation of the transformation represented by T.
ii Show that T 2 =I.
iii Give a geometrical interpretation of the transformation represented by T 1.
c Calculate det(S) and det(T) and comment on their values in the light of the transformations they represent.
Solution:
(1,0) (1,0)
ai
(0,1) (0 , 1)
S represents a rotation of 180 about (0,0)
ii S2 will be a rotation of 180 + 180 = 360 about (0,0) S2 = I
or (10 10(10 10) = 10 01) = I

iii S1 = S = rotation of 180 about (0,0)
bi
(1,0) (0 , 1)
(0,1) (1,0)
T represents a reflection in the line y = x
ii T2 = (10 10(10 10) = (10 01) = I

iii T1 = T = reflection in the line y = x
det S = 1 0 = 1
det T = 0 1 = 1
For both S and T, area is unaltered
T represents a reflection and has a negative determinant. Orientation is reversed
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The matrix A represents a reflection in the line y = x and the matrix B represents a rotation of 270 about (0, 0).
a Find the matrix C= BA and interpret it geometrically.
b Find C 1 and give a geometrical interpretation of the transformation represented by C 1.
c Find the matrix D= AB and interpret it geometrically.
d Find D1 and give a geometrical interpretation of the transformation represented by D1.
Solution:
A = 0 1
1 0 ( )
Reflection in y = x
B = (10 01)
Rotation of 270 (about (0,0))
C = BA = (01 10)(01 10) = (10 01)
C represents a reflection in the line y = 0 (or the x-axis)
b C1 = C = 1(0 10) is a reflection in the line y = 0

c
D = AB = 0 1
1 0 ( )(10 10) = (10 01
D represents a reflection in the line x = 0 (or the y-axis)
d D1 = D = 1 0 is a reflection in the line x = 0

( 0 1)
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Exercise I, Question 1
Question:
The matrix A= 2 1 is used to transform the rectangle R with vertices at the points (0, 0), (0, 1), (4, 1) and (4, 0).
(4 3 )
a Find the coordinates of the vertices of the image of R.
b Calculate the area of the image of R.
Solution:
a 2 1 0 0 4 4 = 0 1 7
(4 3 )(0 1 ) (0 8
)
1 0 3 19 16
Coordinates of image are: (0,0); (1,3); (7,19); (8,16)
b
Area of R= 4 1 = 4
det A = 6 4 = 10
Area of image = 10 4
= 40 .
file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\fp1_4_i_1.html 3/18/2013
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The triangle T has vertices at the points (3.5, 2.5), (16, 10) and (7, 4).
a Find the coordinates of the vertices of T under the transformation given by the matrix M= 1 1 .
(3 5)
b Show that the area of the image of T is 7.5.
c Hence find the area of T.
Solution:
a 1 1 3.5 16 7 = 1 6 3
( 3 5 ) 2.5 (2 )
10 4 2 1
Coordinates of T are (1,2); (6,2); (3 , 1)
b
1
Area of T = 5 3 = 7.5
2
det M = 5 + 3 = 2
Area of T 2 = Area of T
7.5
Area of T =
2
= 3.75
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The rectangle R has vertices at the points (1, 0), (0 , 3), (4, 0) and (3, 3).
The matrix A= 2 3 a , where a is a constant.

(1 )
a
a Find, in terms of a, the coordinates of the vertices of the image of R under the transformation given by A.
b Find det(A), leaving your answer in terms of a.
Given that the area of the image of R is 75
c find the positive value of a.
Solution:
a 2 3 a
(1 )(10 30 04 33) = (+21 3a3a 9 8 3 3a
)
a 4 3 + 3a
Image of R is : (+2 , 1); (3a 9 , 3a); (8,4); (3 3a,3 + 3a)
det A = 2a 3 + a
= a 3
Area of R = ( 1
2 )
5 3 2.
= 15
Area of R det A = 75
75
det A = =5
15
So a 3 = 5
a 3 = 5 or a + 3 = 5
positive value of a = 2
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
P= 2 4 , Q= 1 2 , R= 1 2 .
( ) ( ) ( )
3 1 1 4 2 1
A rectangle of area 5 cm2 is transformed by the matrix X. Find the area of the image of the rectangle when X is:
aP
bQ
cR
d RQ
e QR
f RP
Solution:
a det P = 2 + 12 = 14 area of image is 70 cm2
b det Q = 4 + 2 = 6 area of image is 30 cm2
c det R = 1 4 = 3 area of image is 15 cm2
d det RQ = det R det Q = 18 area of image is 90 cm2
e det QR = det Q det R = 18 area of image is 90 cm2
f det RP = det R det P = 42 area of image is 210 cm2
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
3 , where a is a constant, into triangle T .

(3
The triangle T has area 6 cm2 and is transformed by the matrix a
a+2 )
a Find det(A) in terms of a.
Given that the area of T is 36 cm2
b find the possible values of a.
Solution:
det A = a(a + 2) 9
= a 2 + 2a 9
Area of T det A = Area of T

6 det A = 36
det A = 6
a 2 + 2a 9 = 6
a 2 + 2a 15 = 0
(a + 5)(a 3) = 0
a = 3 or 5
or
a 2 + 2a 9 = 6
a 2 + 2a 3 = 0
(a + 3)(a 1) = 0
a = 1 or 3
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Exercise J, Question 1
Question:
Use inverse matrices to solve the following simultaneous equations
a 7x + 3y = 6
5x 2y = 5
b 4x y = 1
2x + 3y = 8
Solution:
a (57 23) =A det A = 14 + 15 = 1
1 2 3
A1 = ( )
1 5 7
A ( xy ) = (56) ( xy ) = A1(56)
( xy ) = (25 37)(56)
= 12 + 15
( ) = (53)
30 35
x = 3, y = 5
1
bB= (24
3
det B = 12 (2)(1) = 10
B1 = ( )
1 3 1
10 2 4
B y = 1
() ( ) B1 1 = y
( ) ()
x x

8 8
So ( xy ) = 101 (23 14)(18)

1 3 + 8
= ( ) = 0.5
10 2 + 32 3
x = 0.5, y = 3
file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\fp1_4_j_1.html 3/18/2013
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Exercise J, Question 2
Question:
Use inverse matrices to solve the following simultaneous equations
a 4x y = 11
3x + 2y = 0
b 5x + 2y = 3
3x + 4y = 13
Solution:
a A = 4 1
( ) det A = 8 + 3 = 11
3 2
A1 = ( )
1 2 1
11 3 4
x
() ( )
So A y = 11
0
( xy ) = A1(110)
x
()
y =
1 2 1
11 3 4 ( )(110) =
1
( )
22
11 33
x = 2, y = 3
b B= 5 2
3 4 ( ) det B = 20 6 = 14
B1 = 4 2
1
(
14 3 5 )
x
() ( )
So B y = 3
13
( xy ) = B1(133 )
4 2 3
x
()
y =
1
(

14 3 5 13 ) )
1 12 26 1 14
= (
14 9 + 65 ) = ( )
14 56
x = 1, y = 4
file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\fp1_4_j_2.html 3/18/2013
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Exercise K, Question 1
Question:
(4 2)
The matrix A= 3 1 transforms the triangle PQR into the triangle with coordinates (6 , 2), (4, 4), (0, 8).
Find the coordinates of P, Q and R.
Solution:
( )
A= 3 1
4 2
det A = 6 4 = 2.
1 2 1
A1 = ( )
2 4 3
A( PQR) = ( 6 4 0 )
2 4 8
1 2 1
PQR given by (
2 4 3 )(26
4 0
4 8 )
1 14 4 8
= (
2 30 4 24 )
= (157 22 124)
P is (7 , 15), Q is (2 , 2), R is (4, 12)
file://C:\Users\Buba\kaz\ouba\fp1_4_k_1.html 3/18/2013
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The matrix A= 1 3 and AB = 4 1 9 .

(2 1 ) (1 )
9 4
Find the matrix B.
Solution:
A = 1 3
( ) det A = 1 + 6 = 7
2 1
A1 = ( )
1 1 3
7 2 1
A1(AB) = ( )(14 19 94)

1 1 3
7 2 1
B = ( 7 28 21 )
1
77 7 14
B =(
1 1 2 )
1 4 3
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
A= 2 1 , B= 4 1 , C= 3 1 .
( ) ( ) ( )
7 3 5 1 2 1
The matrices A, B and C represent three transformations. By combining the three transformations in the order A,
followed by B, followed by C, a simple single transformation is obtained which is represented by the matrix R.
a Find R.
b Give a geometrical interpretation of the transformation represented by R.
c Write down the matrix R2.
Solution:
a
R =CBA
= 3 1
2 1( )(54 11 )(27 31 )
= 3 1
2 1( )(13 21 )
R = (0 1 )
1 0
b R represents a reflection in the line y = x
c R2 =I
Since repeating a reflection twice returns an object to its original position.
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The matrix Y represents a rotation of 90 about (0, 0).
a Find Y.
The matrices A and B are such that AB =Y. Given that B= 3 2 (2 1)

b find A.
c Simplify ABABABAB.
Solution:
Y = 0 1 ( )
1 0
b AB = Y A = YB1.
( )
B = 3 2 det B = 3 4 = 1
2 1
1 1 2
B1
= = 1 2
( ) ( )
1 2 3 2 3
A = ( 0 1)( 1 2 )
1 0 2 3
=( 2
1 2 )
3
c ABABABAB = Y 4
= rotation of 4 90 = 360 about (0, 0)

=I
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The matrix R represents a reflection in the x-axis and the matrix E represents an enlargement of scale factor 2 centre (0,
0).
a Find the matrix C= ER and interpret it geometrically.
b Find C 1 and give a geometrical interpretation of the transformation represented by C 1.
Solution:
Reflection in x-axis
R= 1 0
0 1 ( )
Enlargement S.F. 2 centre (0, 0)

E= 2 0
0 2 ( )
a
( )( )
C = ER = 2 0 1 0
0 2 0 1
Reflection in the x-axis and enlargement SF 2. Centre (0, 0)
=
2 0
0 2 ( )
1 0
1 1 2 0
b C = ( )
4 0 2
= 2
1
0
2
1
Reflection in the x-axis and enlargement scale factor . Centre (0, 0)
2
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
1 + p p
The quadrilateral R of area 4cm2 is transformed to R by the matrix P= , where p is a constant.
2 p p
a Find det(P) in terms of p.
Given that the area of R = 12cm2
b find the possible values of p.
Solution:
1 + p p
P= det P = p(1 + p) p(2 p)
2 p p
= p + p 2 2p + p 2
= 2p 2 p.
Area of R det p = Area of R1

4 det p = 12
det p = 3
So 2p 2 p = 3
2p 2 p 3 = 0
(2p 3)(p + 1) = 0
3
p = 1 or
2
or 2p 2 p = 3
2p 2 p + 3 = 0
Discrimininat is (1)2 4 3 2 = 23
<0
no solutions
3
so p = 1 or are the only solutions
2
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The matrix A= a b , where a and b are non-zero constants.

2a 3b
a Find A1.
The matrix Y= a 2b and the matrix X is given by XA =Y.

2a b
b Find X.
Solution:
A = a b det A = 3ab 2ab = ab

2a 3b
3 1
1 1 3b b a a
A = =
ab 2a a 2 1

b b
XA = Y X = YA1
3 1
a 2b a a
X =

2a b 2 1
b b
1
= ( 1
4 1 )
Solutionbank FP1
Matrix algebra
Question:
The 2 2, non-singular matrices, A, B and X satisfy XB = BA.
a Find an expression for X.
(0 2)
b Given that A= 5 3 and B= (12 11 ), find X.
Solution:
XB = BA
(XB)B1 = BAB1
i .e . X = BAB1 ( BB1 =I)
B = (12 11 ) det B = 2 (1) = 1

B1 =
1
1 (11 12 ) = (11 21 )
X = ( 2 1 )( 5 3 )( 1 1 )
1 1 0 2 1 2
= ( 2 1 )( 2 1)
1 1 2 4
X =(6 2)
4 3

Solutionbank FP1: Edexcel AS and A Level Modular Mathematics

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Heinemann Solutionbank: Further Pure FP1 Page 1 of 1

Describe the dimensions of these matrices.

Pearson Education Ltd 2008

For the matrices

For the matrices

find where possible:

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Given that a 2 1 c = 5 0 , find the values of the constants a, b, c and d.

Pearson Education Ltd 2008

Given that 1 2 0 + a b c = cc c5 cc , find the values of a, b and c.

Pearson Education Ltd 2008

Pearson Education Ltd 2008

For the matrices A= 2 0(4 6) , B= (11 ), find

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Pearson Education Ltd 2008

Find the values of a, b, c and d so that 2 a 0 3 1 c = (43 43 ).

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Find the values of a, b, c and d so that 5 a 2 c 2 = 9 1 .

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Find the value of k so that 3 + k 2k = k .

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Given the dimensions of the following matrices:

Give the dimensions of these matrix products.

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Find these products.

(3 4)(10 25 ) = (24 71)

Pearson Education Ltd 2008

The matrix A= 1 2 and the matrix B= 1 0 1 .

The matrices A, B and C are given by

d BA = (13 12)(12) = (70)

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(13 2x )(1x 23 ) = (3x0+ 2 3x0+ 2)

c Suggest a form for Ak.

(0 1)(10 12) = (10 14)

(0 1)(10 14) = (10 61)

Pearson Education Ltd 2008

a Find, in terms of a and b, the matrix A2.

b find the value of a.

Pearson Education Ltd 2008

Pearson Education Ltd 2008

Pearson Education Ltd 2008

Which of the following are not linear transformations?

a P is not (0,0) (0,1)

b Q is not x x 2 is not linear

c R is not y x + xy is not linear

e T is not (0,0) (3,3)

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b T is not linear (0,0) (1 , 1)

c U is not linear x xy is not linear

d V is represented by (10 20)

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a S is not linear x x 2 and y y 2 are not linear

Find matrix representations for these linear transformations.

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vertices of image of T are at (1,1); (1,3); (5,1)

b 1(0 42)(11 23 15) = (23 146 92)

vertices of image of T are at (2 , 2); (6,4); (2,10)

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