1310 (50.0 M Span Bridge at Reasi)

Intro 1
50 M CLEAR SPAN THROUGH TYPE STEEL TRUSS GIRDER MOTORABLE BRIDGE

OVER GAMBIR NALLAH ON DHOON KANGRAIL ROAD ( KOTMANWAL )
( Design of substructure )
CLIENT
M/S SARVIR GUPTA FABRICATORS
JAMMU
DEPARTMENT
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
PWD(R&B) DIVISION NO II
CONSULTANTS
HIGH RISE DESIGNERS
59/4 NANAK NAGAR
JAMMU
Intro 2
1.0 Design Note :

It is proposed to construct a Through type Steel truss Girder bridge of 50 M clear span . The
superstructure consists of 265 mm thick(avg.) RCC slab deck with concrete grade M30 and steel
grade Fe415 . This RCC deck rests on cross girder
of built up steel section with spacing of 3660
mm mm c/c ( maximum) .These cross girder rests on main truss girder spaced at
5250 mm c/c .
The bridge is of Carriageway width of 4.25 M and is designed for IRC Class A loading
Top chord bracings is provided to take care of laterals forces due to wind and seismic .
Relevant IRC codes of the Practice are referred for the design purpose.
(Forces in Steel truss Girder are calculated using STAADPRO 2006 computer software developed
and marketed by Research engineers institute USA . )
The bridge is also checked for seismic forces with following parameters
Seismic Zone factor = 0.24 for Zone IV
Response reduction factor = 2.5
Importance factor = 1
Average response acceleration
Coefficient for 5% damping 2.5
Main steel girders rests on Abutments on either side of the Nallah . The safe bearing capacity
of soil taken in the design is 40 .0 t/m2 ( rocky strata provided by the client )
The left side as well as right side abutment shall be of RCC in concrete grade M20 except for
dirt wall and abutment cap which shall be in RCC with concrete grade M30 and steel Grade Fe 415 .
Intro 3
2.0 Loads on the Abutment

Dead loads
RCC deck = 0.265x2.4X4.7X51.84
= 154.97 t
RCC wearing coat = 0.2X4.25X51.84
= 44.07 t
kerbs + Railings = 2X51.84X0.2
= 20.74 t
Cross girder = 0.1X5.25X15
= 7.88 t
Selfweight of Truss Girder = 2X51.84X0.75
= 77.76 t
Total = 305.42
Load per panel point = 305.42/2x14
= 10.91 t say 11 t
Load on one Abutment = 11X14
= 154 t say 161 t
Foot load of 500 kg/m2
Available carriageway width = 4.25 - 2.3
= 1.95 m
load = 1.95X0.5
= 0.98 t/m
total load = 0.98X51.84
= 50.8 t
Ra = Rb = 25.4 t
Assuming this load is shared equally by both truss girders
= 1.81 t say 1.82 t
Live loads ( IRC Class A vehicle governs the design )
Computation of Vertical loads and & Horizontal forces
Total dead load of superstructure = 322 t
50 48.6 t
11.4 6.8 2.7 11.4 6.8
3 3 3.2 1.2 33
1.2 4.3 3 20 1.1 4.3 3 -1.76
0.3 51.24 0.3
A B
Live load reaction at A = {11.4(51.54+50.34+12.74+11.54)+
6.8(46.04+43.04+40.04+37.04+7.24+4.24+1.24+0)+2.7(17.04+15.94)}/51.24
= 53.55 t
Intro 4
Live load reaction at B = 50+48.6 - 53.55

45.05 t
Braking force ' H ' = 0.2x50+0.10x48.6 = 14.86 t
Clear carriageway width = 4.25 m c.g. og loads
0.4 1.8 2.05
Live load eccentricity in T-T dir.
= 2.125-0.4-1.8/2 2.125 2.125
0.825 m c/l of bridge
Hence live load eccentric momemt about L-L axis MLL = 53.55x0.825
= 44.18 tm
Horizontals Force on Bearings
With full live load
Maximum horizontal force on rocker bearing = H -0.03x(RDL+RLL) Or H/2+0.03x(RDL+RLL)
H= 14.86 t RDL = 161 t RFL = 25.4 t
RLLA = 53.55 t R LLB
= 45.05 t
Maximum horizontal force on rocker bearing = 14.86-0.03x(161+25.4+45.05)
7.92 t
Or 14.86/2+0.03x(161+25.4+45.05)
14.37 t
Hence Max horizontal force on rocker bearing = 14.37 t
Maximum horizontal force on roller bearing = 0.03x(RDL+RLL)
= 0.03x(161+25.4+53.55)
7.2 t
With 50 % live load
H= 7.43 t RDL = 161 t RFL = 25.4 t
RLLA = 26.775 t R LLB
= 22.525 t
Maximum horizontal force on rocker bearing = 7.43-0.03x(161+25.4+22.525)
1.16 t
Or 7.43/2+0.03x(161+25.4+22.525)
9.98 t
= 0.03x(161+25.4+26.775)
6.4 t
Without live load
H= 0 t RDL = 161 t RFL = 25.4 t
RLLA = 0t R LLB
= 0 t
Maximum horizontal force on rocker bearing = 0-0.03x(161+25.4+0)
-5.59 t
Or 0/2+0.03x(161+25.4+0)
5.59 t
Intro 5

= 0.03x(161+25.4+0)
5.59 t
3.0 HYDRAULLIC CALCULATIONS
( From the cross section of the Nallah provided by the client )
Calculation for Mean Scour depth
Since the bed material of site is hard rock there will be no scour
Calculation of depth of foundation
Thickness of the deck assumed = 1.5 m
Vertical clearance = 1.2 m
RL of HFL = 94.15
For left side abutment
RL of average Bed level = 90.65
Depth of foundation below MSL ( ref cl 705.2 of IRC:78 - 2000)= 1.5 m
RL of founding Level = 90.65 - 1.5
= 89.15 say 89.15
Formation Level = 94.15+1.5+1.2
= 96.85 say 100
Hence Height of Abutment 'H' = 100 - 89.15
= 10.85 m
For right side abutment
RL of average Bed level = 94.15
Depth of foundation below MSL ( ref cl 705.2 of IRC:78 - 2000)= 1.5 m
RL of founding Level = 94.15 - 1.5
= 92.65 say 92.65
Formation Level = 100
Hence Height of Abutment 'H' = 100 - 92.65
= 7.35 m
Intro 6
51.24 50
Intro 7
51.24
4.25
IRC Class A
Intro 8
#REF! #REF!
#REF!
#REF! #REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF! 15
#REF!
500
2.3
51.24
0
1.24 15.94 46.04
4.24 17.04 50.34
7.24 37.04 51.54
11.54 40.04 51.54
12.74 43.04
Intro 9
0.5
0
left abut 10
Section of Left side Abutment adopted and values of various parameters

( units in meter mtons unless specified and all angles in degrees )
Formation Lvl RL = 100 0.3 Center line of bearing
0.6
1.4 1
98.6 RL of top of Abutment cap
0.3 7g 2 Abutment cap
7f 3a
HFL RL 94.15
10.85 7e 3b BED RL 90.65

1.27dsm(seismic) Back Fill 8d 7.75
90.65 7.75 7d 3c Front Fill 1.27dsm RL 90.65
2dsm(seismic) 7c 3d 8c
90.65 RL 90.65
7b 3e 8b X
7a 8a
1.4 4 6 1.4
Found. RL 89.15 0.6 5 0.6
2.4 1.2 0.3 2.4 0
6.3
3 3.3
CROSS - SECTION OF LEFT ABUTMENT
(Not to scale)
Return wall
0.45 9
Heel slab(5) Toe slab(6)

Abutment shaft(3)
Backfill Front fill
5.6 6.5 7 Foundation slab(4) 8
0.45 9
6.3
Return wall 2.4 1.5 2.4
left abut 11
BASE PLAN
Assuming avg. thickness of return wall = 0.45
Length of Abutment = 6.5 m Base Parameters :
Width of Abutment foundation= 6.3 m Required for checking Base
Total Height of Abutment = 10.85 m Pressures for various cases
Depth of MSL from HFL for scour up to ;- Area = 6.3 x 6.5
1.27dsm (Normal case) = 3.5 m = 40.95
1.27dsm (Seismic case) = 3.5 m ZTT = 6.5 x 6.3^2 / 6
2dsm (Normal case) = 3.5 m = 43
2dsm (Seismic case) = 3.15 m ZLL = 6.3 x 6.5^2 / 6
Height from Base ( Foundation Lvl ) of :- = 44.36
HFL = 5.0 m
Bed Lvl = 1.5 m
MSL for scour upto1.27dsm (Normal case) = 1.5 m
MSL for scour upto1.27dsm (Seismic case) = 1.5 m
MSL for scour upto2dsm (Normal case) = 1.5 m
MSL for scour upto2dsm (Seismic case) = 1.5 m
Height of Front fill from Base for :-
Dry condition = 1.5 m
HFL condition with scour upto1.27dsm (Normal case) = 1.5 m
HFLcondition with scour upto1.27dsm (Seismic case) = 1.5 m
HFL condition with scour upto2dsm (Normal case) = 1.5 m
HFLcondition with scour upto2dsm (Seismic case) = 1.5 m
Dry unit weight of soil = 1.8 t/m3
Saturated unit weight of soil = 2.1 t/m3
Submerged unit weight of soil = 1.1 t/m3
Dry unit weight of concrete = 2.4 t/m3
Submerged unit weight of concrete = 1.4 t/m3
Live load surcharge equivalent to height of earth fill = 1.2 t/m2
Angle of Internal friction of soil (Backfill) = 35 degrees
Angle of friction between Backfill & Concrete = 22.5 degrees
Angle of Internal friction of soil (Front fill) = 30 degrees
Angle of friction between front fill & Concrete = 20 degrees
Safe Bearing capacity of soil= 40 t/m2
Co-efficient of friction between concrete & soil = 0.7
Superstructure Dead Load Reaction = 161 t
Restoring Moment due to DL = 531.3 tm
Superstructure full Live Load Reaction = 78.95 t
Restoring Moment due to full Live load reaction = 260.54 tm
Horizontal force at Bearing level with dead+ live load = 7.2 t
Overturning moment due to this force = 68.04 tm
Horizontal force at Bearing level with out live load = 5.59 t
left abut 12
Moment due to Live Load eccentricity = 44.18 tm

Forces due to Impact of floating bodies , centrifugal force , temperature (Fte) and
effects due to Deformation , secondary forces , Erection , Wave pressure , Vehicle
collision and Grade are not obtainable in this case . Also for this zone , seismic effect
will be much more than Wind . Therefore for service condition load combination I & VI
and for construction stage load combination IX of Table I of IRC:6-2000 are considered
for the design of members. However for stability, base pressures and design of
foundation, load combination (i) and (i) + Feq ( both with and without live load) shall be
considered as laid down in cl. 706.1 of IRC;78-2000.
Determination of seismic and earth pressure coefficients
a) Seismic coefficient ( As per Amendments published in the IRC publication 'Indian Highway'
of march 2003 edition
z= Seismic zone factor 0.24 for Zone V
R= Response reduction factor 2.5
l= Factor for importance of bridge 1
Sa/g= Average response acceleration
Coefficient for 5% damping 2.5 for medium soil
Ah= Horizontal seismic coefficient = z/2xSa/gxI/R
0.12x2.5x1/2.5
= 0.12
(b) Determination of active earth pressure coefficient : (Refer Cl 8 of I.S.1893-1975)
Ca = (1+ or - Av)*cos (f-l-a)/[cos l*cos a*cos(d+l+a)] *
2 2
[1/(1+{sin(f+d)*sin(f-i-l)/[cos(a-i)*cos(d+a+l)]}0.5)]2
Here again : f= 35
i= 0 d= 22.5 for dry state
a= 0 d= 11.25 for submerged state
Ah= 0.12 l= 6.34 for Av +ve for dry state
Av= 0.08 l= 7.43 for Av -ve for dry state
l= 11.98 for Av +ve for submerged state
l= 13.98 for Av -ve for submerged state
Expression : Value(normal case) Value(siesmic+ve) Value(seismic -ve)
dry cond. submerged dry cond. submerged dry cond. ubmerged
cos(f-l-a) 0.8192 0.8192 0.8775 0.9204 0.8864 0.9335
cos(d+l+a) 0.9239 0.9808 0.876 0.9189 0.8666 0.9046
cosl 1 1 0.9939 0.9782 0.9916 0.9704
cosa 1 1 1 1 1 1
sin(f+d) 0.8434 0.7224 0.8434 0.7224 0.8434 0.7224
sin(f-i-l) 0.5736 0.5736 0.4796 0.3911 0.4628 0.3587
cos(a-i) 1 1 1 1 1 1
Dry Condition ( Static case ) :

Ca =
1*(0.8192)^2 / [1*(1)^2*(0.9239)] * [1/ {1+ ( 0.8434*0.5736 / (1*0.9239) )^0.5} ]^2
left abut 13
= 0.2445
Horizontal Component of Ca = 0.2445*COS(22.5+0) = 0.2259
Vertical Component of Ca = 0.2445*SIN(22.5+0) = 0.0936
Dry Condition (seismic with Av +ve)
Ca =
(1+0.08)*(0.8775)^2/[0.9939*(1)^2*(0.876)]*[1/{1+(0.8434*0.4796 / (1*0.876))^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3386
Horizontal Component of Ca = 0.3386 * COS(22.5 + 0) = 0.3128
Vertical Component of Ca = 0.3386 * SIN (22.5 + 0) = 0.1296
Dry Condition (seismic with Av -ve)
Ca =
(1-0.08)*(0.8864)^2/[0.9916*(1)^2*(0.8666)]*[1/{1+(0.8434*0.4628/(1*0.8666))^0.5}]^2
= 0.3012
Submerged condition ( Static case )
Ca =
1*(0.8192)^2 / [1*(1)^2*(0.9808)] * [1/ {1+ ( 0.7224*0.5736 / (1*0.9808) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.2513
Submerged Condition (seismic with Av +ve)
Ca =
(1+0.08)*(0.9204)^2/[0.9782*(1)^2*(0.9189)]*[1/ {1+(0.7224*0.3911/(1*0.9189) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.4212
Submerged Condition (seismic with Av -ve)
Ca =
(1-0.08)*(0.9335)^2/[0.9704*(1)^2*(0.9046)]*[1/{1+(0.7224*0.3587/(1*0.9046) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3875
Horizontal Component of Ca = 0.3875 * COS(0 + 11.25) = 0.3801
Vertical Component of Ca = 0.3875 * SIN(0 + 11.25) = 0.0756
( c ) Determination of passive pressure coefficients :
(Passive relief to the extent of active pressure only is considered )
Cp = (1+ or - Av)*cos2(f-l-a)/[cos l*cos2a*cos(d+l+a)] *
[1/(1+{sin(f+d)*sin(f-i-l)/[cos(a-i)*cos(d+a+l)]} 0.5)]2
Here again : f= 30
i= 0 d= 20 for dry state
a= 0 d= 10 for submerged state
left abut 14

dry cond. submerged dry cond. submerged dry cond. submerged
cos(f-l-a) 0.866 0.866 0.9159 0.9509 0.9234 0.9612
cos(d+l+a) 0.9397 0.9848 0.8962 0.9273 0.8876 0.9137
cosl 1 1 0.9939 0.9782 0.9916 0.9704
cosa 1 1 1 1 1 1
sin(f+d) 0.766 0.6428 0.766 0.6428 0.766 0.6428
sin(f-i-l) 0.5 0.5 0.4013 0.3094 0.3838 0.2759
cos(a-i) 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cp = 1*(0.866)^2/[1*(1)^2*(0.9397)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.5/(1*0.9397) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.2973
Horizontal Component of Cp = 0.2973 * COS(20 + 0) = 0.2794
Vertical Component of Cp = 0.2973 * SIN(20 + 0) = 0.1017
Cp =
(1+0.08)*(0.9159)^2/[0.9939*(1)^2*(0.8962)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.4013/(1*0.8962) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.4045
Vertical Component of Cp = 0.4045 * SIN (20 + 0) = 0.1383
Cp =
(1-0.08)*(0.9234)^2/[0.9916*(1)^2*(0.8876)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.3838/(1*0.8876) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3591
Cp = 1*(0.866)^2/[1*(1)^2*(0.9848)]*[1/{1+(0.6428*0.5/(1*0.9848) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3084
Cp =
(1+0.08)*(0.9509)^2/[0.9782*(1)^2*(0.9273)]*[1/{1+(0.6428*0.3094/(1*0.9273) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.5029
Submerged Condition (seismic Av -ve)
Cp =
(1-0.08)*(0.9612)^2/[0.9704*(1)^2*(0.9137)]*[1/{1+(0.6428*0.2759 / (1*0.9137) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.46
left abut 15
Computation of Forces and Moments due to Earth pressure

Coulomb's Theory is adopted for estimation of earth pressure.
Normal case
Bed Level
Foundation Level
Earth pressure Live load surcharge X-sec. Of Abut.
Earth pressure diagram for dry condition
(a) Dry condition
(i) Due to Backfill
Horizontal force due to L.L.surcharge *= 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 10.85 x 6.5 = 34.41 t
*As per requirement of cl 217.3 of IRC;6-2000 , Approach slab has been provided. Even so Live load
surcharge of 1.2m height of earth fill has been taken in accordance with cl. 710.4.4 of IRC:78-2000
Moment due to L.L. surcharge @ O = 34.41 x 10.85 / 2 = 186.67 tm
Horizontal force due to earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 10.85^ 2 x 6.5 155.57 t
Moment due to earth pressure @ O = 155.57 x 0.42 x 10.85 = 708.93 tm
Vertical component of earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 10.85^ 2 x 6.5 64.46 t
Moment due to this component @ O = 64.46 x 6.3 = 406.1 tm
(ii) Passive relief due to front fill
Horizontal force due to passive earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2794 x 1.5^ 2 x 6.5
= 3.68 t
Moment due to passive earth pressure @ O = 3.68 x 0.42 x 1.5
= 2.32 tm
Vertical component of passive earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.1017 x 1.5^ 2 x 6.5
= 1.34 t
Moment due to this component @ O = 0
(b) H.F.L Condition with scour upto 1.27dsm ,Backfill submerged upto H.F.L
Formation Level
HFL
left abut 16
FDG.L
Earth pressure Earth pressure Live load surcharge X-sec. Of Abut.
below HFL above HFL
Earth pressure diagram for HFL condition
(i) Due to backfill

Horizontal force due to L.L. surcharge = 1.2 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 5.85 x 6.5 +
= 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2465 x 5 x 6.5
= 18.55 + 17.3
= 35.85 t
Moment due to L.L. surcharge @ O = 18.55 x (5+ 5.85 / 2) + 17.3 x 5/2
= 190.26 tm
Horizontal force due to earth pressure = 0.5 x 0.2259 x 1.8 x 5.85^ 2 x 6.5 +
= 1.8 x 5.85 x 0.2465 x 5 x 6.5 +
= 0.5 x 1.1 x 0.2465 x 5^2 x 6.5
= 45.23 + 84.36 + 22.03
= 151.62 t
Moment due to earth pressure @ O =
45.23x(5+2.457)+84.36x5/2+22.03x0.42x5
= 594.44 tm
Vertical component of earth pressure = 0.5 x 0.0936 x 1.8 x 5.85^ 2 x 6.5 +
= 1.8 x 5.85 x 0.049 x 5 x 6.5 +
= 0.5 x 1.1 x 0.049 x 5^2 x 6.5
= 18.74 + 16.77 + 4.38
= 39.89 t
Moment due to this component @ O = 39.89 x 6.3
= 251.31 tm
= 2.44 t
= 1.54 tm
= 0.43 t
Seismic case : Dynamic increment in earth pressure due to seismic force
Seismic force considered along longitudinal axis of the bridge in the same direction as Earth
pressure . Passive relief having been conservatively considered to the extent of active pressure
only , dynamic decrement in passive relief is ignored.
(a) Seismic force with Av +ve case
(i) Dry condition
Dynamic increment (DI) on L.L. surcharge = 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.3128 x 9.35 x 6.5 -
left abut 17
1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 9.35 x 6.5 -

= 41.06 - 29.65
= 11.41 t
Moment due to this DI @ O = 11.41 x( 1.5+9.35x2/3)
= 88.24 tm
Dynamic increment (DI)in earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.3128 x 9.35^ 2 x 6.5 -
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 9.35^ 2 x 6.5
= 159.97 - 115.53
= 44.44 t
Moment due to this DI @ O = 44.44 x ( 1.5 + 0.50 x 9.35)
= 274.42 tm
DI' in Vertical component of earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.1296 x 9.35^ 2 x 6.5 -
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 9.35^ 2 x 6.5
66.28 - 47.87
= 18.41 t
Moment due to this DI @ O = 18.41 x 6.3
= 115.98 tm
(ii) H.F.L Condition with scour upto 1.27dsm
"DI" in L.L. surcharge = 1.2 x 1.8 x( 0.3128 - 0.2259 ) x 5.85 x 6.5 +
1.2 x 1.8 x ( 0.4131 - 0.2465 ) x 3.5 x 6.5
= 7.14 + 8.19
= 15.33 t
Moment due to this DI @ O =
7.14 x (5+ 5.85 x2/3) + 8.19 x( 1.5 + 3.5 x2/3 )
= 94.94 tm
"DI" in earth pressure = 0.5 x ( 0.3128 - 0.2259 ) x 1.8 x 5.85^ 2 x 6.5 +
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.4131 - 0.2465 ) x 3.5 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.4131 - 0.2465 ) x 3.5^2 x 6.5
= 17.4 + 39.91 + 7.3
= 64.61 t
Moment due to this DI @ O
= 17.4 x (5 + 5.85 x0.50 ) + 39.91 x (1.5 + 3.5/2 )+ 7.3 x(1.5 + 0.50 x 3.5 )
= 291.33 tm
DI in Vertical component of earth pressure = 0.5 x ( 0.1296 - 0.0936 ) x 1.8 x 5.85^ 2 x 6.5 +
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.0822 - 0.049 ) x 3.5 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.0822 - 0.049 ) x 3.5^2 x 6.5
= 7.21 + 7.95 + 1.45
= 16.61 t
= 104.64 tm
(b) Seismic force with Av -ve case
(i) Dry condition
"DI" in L.L. surcharge = 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2783 x 9.35 x 6.5 -
left abut 18
1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 9.35 x 6.5

= 36.53 - 29.65
= 6.88 t
Moment due to this DI @ O = 6.88 x( 1.5+9.35 x2/3)
= 53.21 tm
DI in earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2783 x 9.35^ 2 x 6.5 -
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 9.35^ 2 x 6.5
142.33 - 115.53
= 26.8 t
= 165.49 tm
DI in Vertical component of earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.1153 x 9.35^ 2 x 6.5 -
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 9.35^ 2 x 6.5
58.97 - 47.87
= 11.1 t
Moment due to this DI @ O = 11.1 x 6.3 = 69.93 tm
DI in L.L. surcharge = 1.2 x 1.8 x( 0.2783 - 0.2259 ) x 5.85 x 6.5 +
1.2 x 1.8 x ( 0.3801 - 0.2465 ) x 3.5 x 6.5
= 4.3 + 6.57
= 10.87 t
Moment due to this DI @ O = 4.3x(5+ 5.85 x2/3) + 6.57 x( 1.5 + 3.5 x2/3 )
= 63.46 tm
DI in earth pressure = 0.5 x ( 0.2783 - 0.2259 ) x 1.8 x 5.85^ 2 x 6.5 +
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.3801 - 0.2465 ) x 3.5 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.3801 - 0.2465 ) x 3.5^2 x 6.5
= 10.49 + 32 + 5.85
= 48.34 t
= 10.49 x (5+5.85x0.50)+32 x (1.5 + 3.5/2 )+ 5.85 x(1.5 + 0.50 x 3.5 )
= 206.15 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.0756 - 0.049 ) x 3.5 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.0756 - 0.049 ) x 3.5^2 x 6.5
= 4.34 + 6.37 + 1.16
= 11.87 t
= 74.78 tm
Computation of horizontal forces and moments due to fluid pressures for all
conditions ( refer cl. 710.13 of IRC:78-2000 )
Horizontal Force excluding L.L. surcharge = 0.5 x 0.48 x 10.85^2 x 6.5
= 183.65 t
Moment about Base for this force = 183.65 x 10.85 x 1/ 3 = 664.2 tm
left abut 19
Total Horizontal Force including L.L.surcharge ( Dry condition ) = 183.65 + 34.41

= 218.06 t
Moment about Base for this force = 664.2 + 186.67
= 850.87 tm
Total Horizontal Force including L.L.surcharge ( HFL condition ) = 183.65 + 35.85
= 219.5 t
= 854.46 tm
Recapitulation of horizontal forces and moments

Case l' Normal case , dry condition considering Earth pressure
Horizontal Moment at Vertical Moment
Serial No Particulars Force base (t-m) Force w.r.t o(t-m)
(t) (t)
1 Earth Pressure ( Backfill ) 155.57 708.93 64.46 406.1
2 Live load surcharge 34.41 186.67 - -
3 Passive relief due to Front fill 0 0 1.34 0
Total : 189.98 895.60 65.8 406.1
Case II Normal case , dry condition , considering fluid pressure
Serial No Particulars Force Moment at
(t) base (t-m)
1 Fluid Pressure (Backfill ) 183.65 664.20
2 Live load surcharge 34.41 186.67
3 Passive relief due to Front fill 0 0
Total : 218.06 850.87
CaseIII Normal case HFL Condition with scour upto1.27dsm considering earth pressure
Serial No Particulars Force base (t-m) Force w.r.t o
(t) (t) (t-m)
1 Earth Pressure (Backfill) 151.62 594.44 39.89 251.31
Total : 187.47 784.7 40.32 251.31
CaseIV Normal case HFL Condition with scour upto1.27dsm considering fluid pressure
(t) base (t-m)
1 Fluid Pressure (Backfill) 183.65 664.2
Total : 219.5 854.46
Case V Seismic case with Av +ve ,dynamic increment in earth pressure , dry condition
left abut 20
(t) (t) (t-m)

1 DI in Earth Pressure ( Backfill ) 44.44 274.42 18.41 115.98
2 DI in Live load surcharge 11.41 88.24 - -
3 DI in passive relief due to Front fi 0 0 0 0
Total : 55.85 362.66 18.41 115.98
CaseVI Seismic case with Av +ve ,dynamic increment in earth pressure , HFL condition
with scour upto 1.27dsm
(t) (t) (t-m)
Total : 79.94 386.27 16.61 104.64
Case VII Seismic case with Av -ve ,dynamic increment in earth pressure , dry condition
(t) (t) (t-m)
Total : 33.68 218.70 11.1 69.93
Case VIII Seismic case with Av -ve ,dynamic increment in earth pressure , HFL
condition with scour upto 1.27dsm
(t) (t)
Total : 59.21 269.61 11.87 74.78
Evaluation of forces and moments due to weight of abutment and earth fill
Normal case
(a) Dry condition
L.A. w.r.t Moment at
Particulars Vertical Force toe edge toe edge
(t) (m) ( t-m )
1.Dirt wall 1.4x0.3x6.5x2.4 = 6.55 3.75 24.56
2. Abut Cap 0.3x1.2x6.5x2.4 = 5.62 3.3 18.55
3a Abut shaft (1.2 + 1.36) / 2 X 4.15 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 82.87 3.26 270.16
3b. -do- (1.36+1.5) / 2 X 3.5 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 78.08 3.18 248.29
3c. -do- (1.5 + 1.5) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 0 3.15 0
3d -do- (1.5 + 1.5) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 0 3.15 0
left abut 21
3e -do- (1.5 + 1.5) / 2 X 0.1 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 2.34 3.15 7.37

4. Found slab 1.5 X 1.4 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 32.76 3.15 103.19
5 Heel slab (1.4 + 0.6) / 2 X 2.4 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 37.44 4.94 184.95
6 Toe slab 2.4 X (0.6 + 1.4) / 2 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 37.44 1.36 50.92
7a Back fill (0.8 + 0) / 2 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.8 = 9.68 5.5 53.24
7b -do- 0.1 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.8 = 2.42 5.1 12.34
7c -do- 0 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.8 = 0 5.1 0
7d -do- 0 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.8 = 0 5.1 0
7e -do- 3.5 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.8 = 84.67 5.1 431.82
7f -do- 4.15 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.8 = 100.4 5.1 512.04
7g -do- 1.7 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.8 = 41.13 5.1 209.76
8a Front fill 0.5 X 0.8 X 2.4 X 6.5 X 1.8 = 11.23 0.8 8.98
8b -do- 2.4 X 0.1 X 6.5 X 1.8 = 2.81 1.2 3.37
8c -do- 2.4 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.8 = 0 1.2 0
8d -do- 2.4 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.8 = 0 1.2 0
9a Return wall (0.8 + 0) / 2 X 2.4 X 0.45 X 2X2.4 = 2.07 5.5 11.39
9b - do 0.1 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 0.52 5.1 2.65
9c - do 0 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 0 5.1 0
9d - do 0 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 0 5.1 0
9e - do 3.5 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 18.14 5.1 92.51
9f - do 4.15 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 21.51 5.1 109.7
9g - do 1.7 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 8.81 5.1 44.93
Total : 586.49 Total : 2400.72
(b) H.F.L with scour upto 1.27dsm
(t) (m) ( t-m )
1.Dirt wall 1.4x0.3x6.5x2.4 = 6.55 3.75 24.56
2. Abutment Cap 0.3 X 1 X 6.5 X 2.4 4.68 3.3 15.44
3a Abutment shaft (1.2 + 1.36) / 2 X 4.15 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 82.87 3.26 270.16
3b. -do- (1.36+1.5) / 2 X 3.5 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 45.55 3.18 144.85
3c. -do- (1.5 + 1.5) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 0 3.15 0
3d -do- (1.5 + 1.5) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 0 3.15 0
3e -do- (1.5 + 1.5) / 2 X 0.1 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 1.37 3.15 4.32
4. Foundation slab 1.5 X 1.4 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 19.11 3.15 60.2
5 Heel side slab (1.4 + 0.6) / 2 X 2.4 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 21.84 4.94 107.89
6 Toe side slab 2.4 X (0.6 + 1.4) / 2 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 21.84 1.36 29.7
7a Back fill (0.8 + 0) / 2 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.1 = 5.91 5.5 32.51
7b -do- 0.1 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.1 = 1.48 5.1 7.55
7c 0 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.1 = 0 5.1 0
7d 0 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.1 = 0 5.1 0
7e 3.5 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.1 = 51.74 5.1 263.87
7f 4.15 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.8 = 100.4 5.1 512.04
left abut 22
7g 1.7 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.8 = 41.13 5.1 209.76

8a Front fill 0.5 X 0.8 X 2.4 X 6.5 X 1.1 = 6.86 0.8 5.49
8b -do- 2.4 X 0.1 X 6.5 X 1.1 = 1.72 1.2 2.06
8c -do- 2.4 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.1 = 0 1.2 0
9b - do 0.1 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 1.4 = 0.3 5.1 1.53
9c - do 0 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 1.4 = 0 5.1 0
9d - do 0 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 1.4 = 0 5.1 0
9e - do 3.5 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 1.4 = 10.58 5.1 53.96
9f - do 4.15 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 21.51 5.1 109.7
9g - do 1.7 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 8.81 5.1 44.93
Total : 455.46 Total : 1907.18
Seismic case , ( valid for both Av +ve and Av -ve)
Evaluation of additional forces and moments due to seismic force in longitudinal
direction ( In case of Av-ve , the forces and moments shall carry -ve sign )
(a) Dry condition
Particulars Vertical Force L.A. w.r.t Moment Horizontal Force L.A. w.r.t Moment
=0.08XW toe edge toe edge =0.12XW base about base
(t) (m) ( t-m ) (t) (m) ( t-m )
1. Dirt wall 0.52 3.75 1.95 0.79 10.15 8.02
2. Abut Cap 0.45 3.3 1.49 0.67 9.3 6.23
3a Abut shaft 6.63 3.26 21.61 9.94 7.08 70.38
3b. -do- 6.25 3.18 19.88 9.37 3.25 30.45
9e Return wall 1.45 5.1 7.4 2.18 3.25 7.09
9f -do 1.72 5.1 8.77 2.58 7.08 18.27
9g -do 0.7 5.1 3.57 1.06 10 10.6
Total : 17.72 Total : 64.67 Total : 26.59 Total : 151.04
Vertical Force L.A. w.r.t Moment Horizontal Force L.A. w.r.t Moment
Particulars =0.08XW toe edge toe edge =0.12XW base about base
(t) (m) ( t-m ) (t) (m) ( t-m )
1. Dirt wall 0.52 3.75 1.95 0.79 10.15 8.02
2. Abut Cap 0.45 3.3 1.49 0.67 9.3 6.23
3a Abut shaft 6.63 3.26 21.61 9.94 7.08 70.38
3b. -do- 6.25 3.18 19.88 9.37 3.25 30.45
3c. -do- 0 3.15 0 0 1.5 0
9d Return wall 0 5.1 0 0 1.5 0
9e - do 0.85 5.1 4.34 1.27 3.25 4.13
9f - do 1.72 5.1 8.77 2.58 7.08 18.27
9g - do 0.7 5.1 3.57 1.06 10 10.6
Check for Base pressures and stability
Construction stage ( superstructure not erected ) (To be on safer side , Passive relief due to
left abut 23
Dry condition front fill has not been taken into account in
(a) Normal case this case)
(i) Considering earth pressure
Particulars Loads (t) Moments (t-m)
Vertical Horizontal Restoring Overturning
Self Weight of Abutment & Earth fill 586.49 2400.72
Earth pressure (Back fill) 64.46 155.57 406.1 708.93
Total 650.95 155.57 2806.82 708.93
Lever arm with respect to edge, 0 = (2806.82 - 708.93) / 650.95 = 3.22 m
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 3.22 = -0.07 m
Base pressures = 650.95 / 6.3 X 6.5 + 650.95 X -0.07 X 6 / 6.5 X 6.3^2
Ptoe = 14.84 Safe
Pheel = 16.96
Factor of safety against sliding = 650.95 X 0.7 / 155.57 = 2.93 Safe
Factor of safety against overturning = 2806.82 / 708.93 = 3.96 Safe
(ii) considering fluid pressure

Fluid pressure 0 183.65 0 664.20
Total 586.49 183.65 2400.72 664.2
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.96 = 0.19 m
Base pressures = 586.49 / 6.3 X 6.5 + 586.49 X 0.19 X 6 / 6.5 X 6.3^2
Ptoe = 16.91 Safe
Pheel = 11.73
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Total of normal case 650.95 155.57 2806.82 708.93
Dynamic increment on backfill 18.41 44.44 115.98 274.42
Seismic on self weight 17.72 26.59 64.67 151.04
Total 687.08 226.6 2987.47 1134.39
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.7 = 0.45 m
Ptoe = 23.97 Safe
Pheel = 9.59
left abut 24

(ii) With Av -ve
Seismic on self weight -17.72 26.59 -64.67 151.04
Total 644.33 208.96 2812.08 1025.46
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.77 = 0.38 m
Ptoe = 21.43 Safe
Pheel = 10.04
HFL with scour upto 1.27dsm
(a) Normal case
Total 495.35 151.62 2158.49 594.44
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 3.16 = -0.01 m
Ptoe = 11.98 Safe
Pheel = 12.21
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Total 529.08 241.91 2324.74 1033.85
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.44 = 0.71 m
Ptoe = 21.66 Safe
Pheel = 4.18
left abut 25

(ii) With Av -ve
Total 490.1 225.64 2171.66 948.67
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.5 = 0.65 m
Ptoe = 19.38 Safe
Pheel = 4.56
Service stage without Live Load
Dry condition
(a) Normal case
(i) considering earth pressure
Superstructure Dead Load Reaction 161 5.59 531.3 52.83
Earth pressures 65.8 155.57 406.1 708.93
Total 813.29 161.16 3338.12 761.76
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 3.17 = -0.02 m
Ptoe = 19.48 Safe
Pheel = 20.24
Fluid Pressure 0 183.65 0 664.20
Total 747.49 189.24 2932.02 717.03
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.96 = 0.19 m
left abut 26
Ptoe = 21.56 Safe

Pheel = 14.95
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Seismic on self weight of abutment 17.72 26.59 64.67 151.04
Seismic on dead load of superstructure 12.88 38.64 42.5 365.15
Dynamic increment in earth pressure 18.41 44.44 115.98 274.42
Total 862.3 270.83 3561.27 1552.37
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.33 = 0.82 m
Ptoe = 37.5 Safe
Pheel = 4.61
(ii) With Av -ve
Seismic on self weight of abutment -17.72 26.59 -64.67 151.04
Seismic on dead load of superstructure -12.88 38.64 -42.5 365.15
Total 793.79 253.19 3300.88 1443.44
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.34 = 0.81 m
Ptoe = 34.34 Safe
Pheel = 4.43
(a) Normal case
Earth pressures 40.32 151.62 251.31 594.44
left abut 27
Total 656.78 157.21 2689.79 647.27

Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 3.11 = 0.04 m
Ptoe = 16.65 Safe
Pheel = 15.43
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Total 703.39 286.14 2898.54 1451.83
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.06 = 1.09 m
Ptoe = 35.01 Safe
Pheel = -0.65
Factor of safety against overturning = 2898.54 / 1451.83 =2 Safe
(ii) With Av -ve
Total 638.65 269.87 2660.46 1366.65
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.03 = 1.12 m
Ptoe = 32.23 Safe
Pheel = -1.04
Service stage with live load
Dry condition
(a) Normal case
left abut 28

Superstructure Dead Load Reaction 161 531.3
Live load : 78.95 7.2 260.54 68.04
Earth pressures 65.8 189.98 406.1 895.60
Total 892.24 197.18 3598.66 963.64
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.95 = 0.2 m
Base pressures = 892.24 / 6.3 X 6.5 + 892.24 X 0.2 X 6 / 6.5 X 6.3^2 +
44.18 X 6 / 6.3 X 6.5^2
Ptoe = 26.93 Safe
Pheel = 16.64
Live load : 78.95 7.2 260.54 68.04
Total 826.44 225.26 3192.56 918.91
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.75 = 0.4 m
44.18 X 6 / 6.3 X 6.5^2
Ptoe = 28.87 Safe
Pheel = 11.5
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Total 941.25 318.26 3821.81 1842.49
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.1 = 1.05 m
left abut 29
44.18 X 6 / 6.3 X 6.5^2

Ptoe = 46.97 Safe
Pheel = -1
(ii) Seismic with Av -ve
Total 872.74 296.09 3561.42 1698.53
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.13 = 1.02 m
44.18 X 6 / 6.3 X 6.5^2
Ptoe = 43.01 Safe
Pheel = -0.39
(a) Normal Case
Live Load 78.95 7.2 260.54 68.04
Earth pressures 40.32 187.47 251.31 784.70
Total 735.73 194.67 2950.33 852.74
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 2.85 = 0.3 m
44.18 X 6 / 6.3 X 6.5^2
Ptoe = 24.1 Safe
Pheel = 11.84
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
left abut 30

Total 782.34 338.93 3159.08 1752.24
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 1.8 = 1.35 m
44.18 X 6 / 6.3 X 6.5^2
Ptoe = 44.66 Safe
Pheel = -6.45
(ii) With Av -ve
Total 717.6 318.2 2921 1635.58
Lever arm with respect to edge, 0 = (2921 - 1635.58) / 717.6 = 1.8 m
Eccentricity = 6.3 / 2 - 1.8 = 1.35 m
44.18 X 6 / 6.3 X 6.5^2
Ptoe = 41.05 Safe
Pheel = -6
Factor of safety against overturning = 2921 / 1635.58 = 1.79 Safe
Recapitulation of Base pressures and FOS safety against sliding and overturning
Conditions Base Pressures Factor of Safety for
Ptoe Pheel Sliding Overturning
I Construction Stage
(1) Dry Condition
(a) Normal case considering Earth Pressure 14.84 16.96 2.93 3.96
(b) Normal case considering Fluid Pressure 16.91 11.73 2.24 3.61
(c) Seismic case with Av +ve 23.97 9.59 2.12 2.63
(d) Seismic case with Av -ve 21.43 10.04 2.16 2.74
(2) HFL with scour upto 1.27dsm
II Service Condition without live load
left abut 31
(1) Dry Condition

(c) Seismic case with Av +ve 35.01 -0.65 1.72 2
(d) Seismic case with Av -ve 32.23 -1.04 1.66 1.95
III Service Condition with live load
(1) Dry Condition
(c) Seismic case with Av +ve 46.97 -1 2.07 2.07
(c) Seismic case with Av +ve 44.66 -6.45 1.62 1.8
(d) Seismic case with Av -ve 41.05 -6 1.58 1.79
Refer Appendix B for check for tension ,if any.
Appendix B
Since tension occurs in the heel side of the foundation , there is a reduction in the contact area of the
soil and hence there is a increase in the maximum base pressure at toe side after redistribution of
pressures .
( Service case with live load , HFL condition , Seismic case with Av+ve will experience maximum tension. )
Check for area of contact
6.45
44.66
0.8 5.5
x L-x
6.3
L
Base Pressures Diagrams
x = 6.45X6.3/(44.66+6.45) = 0.8 m
Contact atrea = 5.5/6.3X100
= 87.3 % more than 67.5% and hence o.k. Refer cl.706.3.4 of IRC : 78-2000
Redistribution of Pressures
Lever arm with respect to edge, 0 = 1.8 m
For no tension the eccentricity should lie between middle third
left abut 32
Hence effective base width L1 = 3X1.8 (for no tension) = 5.4 m

Pmax = 2X[782.34 / 5.4 X 6.5 + 44.18 X 6 / 5.4 X 6.5^2]
= 46.9 t/m2 less than 50 t/m2 hence safe
Design of foundation slab
(All units in meter mtons unless otherwise specified) Service condition with live load dry
condition Seismic case with Av+ve case governs the design
Pressures are divided by factor 1.25 to convert them into normal case
Heel side Stem Toe side
6.3
2.4 1.5 2.4
-0.8
13.82 22.96
37.58
Base pressure diagram
19.89 20.37 3.54 3.06
Downward pressure diagram due weight of concrete and earth fill over heel/toe slab
y x z
1.31 1.09
20.69 19.42
6.55 27.66 34.52
Design Parameters Net pressure diagram

Overall depth of Toe slab at sec. x = 140 cms
Overall depth of Toe slab at edge = 60 cms
Eff. cover (assumed)= 9 cms
Effective depth of Toe slab at sec. x = 131 cms
Effective depth of Toe slab at edge = 51 cms
Effective depth at critical section 'z' of Toe slab = 87.33 cms
Overall depth of Heel slab at sec. y = 140 cms
Overall depth of Heel slab at edge = 60 cms
Effective depth of Heel slab at sec. y = 131 cms
Effective depth of Heel slab at edge = 51 cms
Design constants
Concrete Grade M 20 (The slopes adopted for the
Steel Grade Fe 415 footing meets the requirements
Modular ratio 10 of cl. 707.2.4 of IRC:78-2000)
left abut 33
Permissible compressive stress in concrete = 68 kg/cm2

Permissible compressive stress in steel = 2040 kg/cm2
n= 1 / { ( 1 + 2040 / ( 10 x 68 ) }
= 0.25
j= 1 - 0.25 / 3
= 0.917
Moment of Resistance ' R ' = 1 / 2 x 68 x 0.25 x 0.917
= 7.79 kg/cm2
Calculations of bending moments and shear forces per meter width
Toe side slab
Bending moment at section x = ( 34.52 x 2 + 19.42 ) x 2.4 ^ 2 / 6
= 84.92 tm/m
deff,reqd.= { 84.92 x 10^5 / (100 x 7.79 ) }^0.5
= 104.41 cms < 131 safe
Area of steel required = 84.92 x 10^5 / 2040x0.917x131
= 34.65 cm2/m
Amin= 0.15 x 140 (cl. 707.2.7 of IRC 78 - 2000)
= 21 cm2/m
Hence provide 25mm dia bar at 230 mm c/c + 25 mm dia bar at 230 mm c/c giving an area
of 42.68 cm2/m ht.
Distribution reinforcement
(cl 305.10 IRC:21-2000)
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Dia of bar used = 10 mm
Hence provide10 mm dia bar at 200 mm c/c
Check for Shear
Shear force at critical section z = ( 34.52+27.66)/2x1.09
= 33.89 t/m
Bending moment at critical section z = ( 34.52x2+27.66)x1.09^2/6
= 19.15 tm/m
Net shear force at section z = 33.89-19.15/0.873x0.8/2.4
= 26.58 t/m
Shear stress at critical section z= 26.58x10^3/87.33x100
= 3.04 kg/cm2
For pt=42.68/87.33=0.49 & concrete grade M20 permissible shear stress
Tc= 3.02 kg/cm2 unsafe
Heel side slab
Bending moment at section y = (20.69x2+6.55)x2.4^2/6
= 46.01 tm/m
deff,reqd.= [(46.01x10^5/(100x7.79)]^0.5
= 76.85 cms <131 safe
Area of steel required = 46.01x10^5/2040x0.917x131)
= 18.78 cm2/m
left abut 34
Amin= 0.15x140
= 21 cm2/m
of 22.4 cm2/m ht.
(cl 305.10 IRC:21-2000)
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m Hence provide 10 mm dia bar at 200 mm c/c
Check for Shear
Gross shear force at critical section y = (20.69+6.55)/2x2.4 = 32.69 t/m
Net shear force at critical section y = 32.69 - (46.01/1.31)x0.8/2.4
= 20.98 t/m
Shear stress at critical section y= 20.98x10^3/131x100
= 1.6 kg/cm2
For pt=22.4/131=0.17 & concrete grade M20 permissible shear stress
Tc= 1.92 kg/cm2 safe
Design of Abutment Shaft

Computation of Forces and Moments due to Earth pressure at Stem ( Section X )
Normal case
Bed Level
Foundation Level
(a) Dry condition
(i) Due to Backfill
Horizontal force due to L.L.surcharge = 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 9.45 x 6.5
= 29.97 t
Moment due to L.L. surcharge @ X = 29.97 x 9.45 / 2
= 141.61 tm
Horizontal force due to earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 9.45^ 2 x 6.5
= 118.01 t
Moment due to earth pressure @ X = 118.01 x 0.42 x 9.45
= 468.38 tm
left abut 35
Vertical component of earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 9.45^ 2 x 6.5

= 48.9 t
Moment due to this component @ X = 48.9 x 1.5
= 73.35 tm
= 0.02 t
Moment due to passive earth pressure @ X = 0.02 x 0.42 x 0.1
= 0 tm
= 0.01 t
Moment due to this component @ X = 0
Formation Level
HFL
FDG.L
below HFL above HFL
(i) Due to backfill
1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2465 x 3.6 x 6.5
= 18.55 + 12.46
= 31.01 t
Moment due to L.L. surcharge @ X = 18.55 x (3.6+ 5.85 / 2) + 12.46 x 3.6/2
= 143.47 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x 0.2465 x 3.6 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x 0.2465 x 3.6^2 x 6.5
= 45.23 + 60.74 + 11.42
= 117.39 t
Moment due to earth pressure @ X =
45.23 x (3.6+2.457)+60.74 x 3.6/2+11.42 x 0.42x3.6
= 400.56 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x 0.049 x 3.6 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x 0.049 x 3.6^2 x 6.5
= 18.74 + 12.07 + 2.27
left abut 36
= 33.08 t
= 49.62 tm
= 0.01 t
= 0 tm
= 0t
(i) Dry condition
1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 9.35 x 6.5
= 41.06 - 29.65
= 11.41 t
Moment due to this DI @ X = 11.41 x( 0.1+9.35x2/3)
= 72.26 tm
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 9.35^ 2 x 6.5
= 159.97 - 115.53
= 44.44 t
Moment due to this DI @ X = 44.44 x ( 0.1 + 0.50 x 9.35)
= 212.2 tm
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 9.35^ 2 x 6.5
66.28 - 47.87
= 18.41 t
Moment due to this DI @ X = 18.41 x 1.5
= 27.62 tm
1.2 x 1.8 x ( 0.4131 - 0.2465 ) x 3.5 x 6.5
= 7.14 + 8.19
= 15.33 t
Moment due to this DI @ X =
7.14 x (3.6+ 5.85 x2/3) + 8.19 x( 0.1 + 3.5 x2/3 )
= 73.48 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.4131 - 0.2465 ) x 3.5 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.4131 - 0.2465 ) x 3.5^2 x 6.5
left abut 37
= 17.4 + 39.91 + 7.3

= 64.61 t
Moment due to this DI @ X
= 17.4x(3.6 + 5.85 x0.50 ) + 39.91 x (0.1 + 3.5/2 )+ 7.3 x(0.1 + 0.50 x 3.5 )
= 200.87 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.0822 - 0.049 ) x 3.5 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.0822 - 0.049 ) x 3.5^2 x 6.5
= 7.21 + 7.95 + 1.45
= 16.61 t
= 24.92 tm
(i) Dry condition
1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 9.35 x 6.5
= 36.53 - 29.65
= 6.88 t
Moment due to this DI @ X = 6.88 x( 0.1+9.35 x2/3)
= 43.57 tm
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 9.35^ 2 x 6.5
142.33 - 115.53
= 26.8 t
= 127.97 tm
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 9.35^ 2 x 6.5
58.97 - 47.87
= 11.1 t
Moment due to this DI @ X = 11.1 x 1.5 = 16.65 tm
1.2 x 1.8 x ( 0.3801 - 0.2465 ) x 3.5 x 6.5
= 4.3 + 6.57
= 10.87 t
Moment due to this DI @ X = 4.3x(3.6+5.85 x2/3) + 6.57 x( 0.1 + 3.5 x2/3 )
= 48.24 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.3801 - 0.2465 ) x 3.5 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.3801 - 0.2465 ) x 3.5^2 x 6.5
= 10.49 + 32 + 5.85
= 48.34 t
left abut 38

= 10.49 x (3.6 + 5.85x0.50 ) + 32 x (0.1 + 3.5/2 )+ 5.85 x(0.1 + 0.50 x 3.5 )
= 138.47 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.0756 - 0.049 ) x 3.5 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.0756 - 0.049 ) x 3.5^2 x 6.5
= 4.34 + 6.37 + 1.16
= 11.87 t
= 17.81 tm
= 139.31 t
Moment about Stem for this force = 139.31 x 9.45 x 1/ 3 = 438.83 tm
= 169.28 t
Moment about Stem for this force = 438.83 + 141.61
= 580.44 tm
= 170.32 t
= 582.3 tm
Serial No Particulars Force X (t-m) Force w.r.t X(t-m)
(t) (t)
2 Live load surcharge 29.97 141.61 0 0
3 Passive relief due to Front fill -0.02 0 0.01 0
Total : 147.96 609.99 48.91 73.35
(t) X (t-m)
3 Passive relief due to Front fill -0.02 0
Total : 169.26 580.44
Serial No Particulars Force X (t-m) Force w.r.t X
(t) (t) (t-m)
left abut 39

3 Passive relief due to Front fill -0.01 0 0 0
Total : 148.39 544.03 33.08 49.62
(t) X (t-m)
3 Passive relief due to Front fill -0.01 0
Total : 170.31 582.3
(t) (t) (t-m)
Total : 55.85 284.46 18.41 27.62
Case VI Seismic case with Av +ve ,dynamic increment in earth pressure , HFL
(t) (t) (t-m)
Total : 79.94 274.35 16.61 24.92
(t) (t) (t-m)
Total : 33.68 171.54 11.1 16.65
(t) (t)
left abut 40

Total : 59.21 186.71 11.87 17.81
Normal case
(a) Dry condition
Particulars Vertical Force X X
(t) (m) ( t-m )
1.Dirt wall 6.55 0.9 5.9
2. Abut Cap 0.3x1x6.5x2.4 = 4.68 0.9 4.21
3a Abut shaft (1.2 + 1.36) / 2 X 4.15 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 82.87 0.86 71.27
3b. -do- (1.36+1.5) / 2 X 3.5 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 78.08 0.78 60.9
3c. -do- (1.5 + 1.5) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 0 0.75 0
3d -do- (1.5 + 1.5) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 0 0.75 0
3e -do- (1.5 + 1.5) / 2 X 0.1 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 2.34 0.75 1.76
9b -Return wall 0.1 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 0.52 2.7 1.4
9c - do 0 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 0 2.7 0
9d - do 0 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 0 2.7 0
9e - do 3.5 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 18.14 2.7 48.98
9f - do 4.15 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 21.51 2.7 58.08
9g - do 1.7 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 8.81 2.7 23.79
Total : 223.5 Total : 276.29
(t) (m) ( t-m )
1.Dirt wall 6.55 0.9 5.9
2. Abutment Cap 0.3 X 1 X 6.5 X 2.4 4.68 0.9 4.21
3b. -do- (1.36+1.5) / 2 X 3.5 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 45.55 0.78 35.53
3c. -do- (1.5 + 1.5) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 0 0.75 0
3d -do- (1.5 + 1.5) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 0 0.75 0
3e -do- (1.5 + 1.5) / 2 X 0.1 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 1.37 0.75 1.03
9b- return wall 0.1 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 1.4 = 0.3 2.7 0.81
9c - do 0 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 1.4 = 0 2.7 0
9d - do 0 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 1.4 = 0 2.7 0
9e - do 3.5 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 1.4 = 10.58 2.7 28.57
9f - do 4.15 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 21.51 2.7 58.08
9g - do 1.7 X 2.4 X 0.45X2 X 2.4 = 8.81 2.7 23.79
Total : 182.22 Total : 229.19

left abut 41

(a) Dry condition
=0.08XW X about X =0.12XW X about X
(t) (m) ( t-m ) (t) (m) ( t-m )
1. Dirt wall 0.52 0.9 0.47 0.79 8.75 6.91
2. Abut Cap 0.37 0.9 0.33 0.56 7.9 4.42
3a Abut shaft 6.63 0.86 5.7 9.94 5.68 56.46
3b. -do- 6.25 0.78 4.88 9.37 1.85 17.33
9e Return wall 1.45 2.7 3.92 2.18 1.85 4.03
9f -do 1.72 2.7 4.64 2.58 5.68 14.65
9g -do 0.7 2.7 1.89 1.06 8.6 9.12

Particulars =0.08XW X about X =0.12XW X about X
(t) (m) ( t-m ) (t) (m) ( t-m )
1. Dirt wall 0.52 0.9 0.47 0.79 8.75 6.91
2. Abut Cap 0.37 0.9 0.33 0.56 7.9 4.42
3a Abut shaft 6.63 0.86 5.7 9.94 5.68 56.46
3b. -do- 6.25 0.78 4.88 9.37 1.85 17.33
3c. -do- 0 0.75 0 0 0.1 0
9d Return wall 0 2.7 0 0 0.1 0
9e - do 0.85 2.7 2.3 1.27 1.85 2.35
9f - do 1.72 2.7 4.64 2.58 5.68 14.65
9g - do 0.7 2.7 1.89 1.06 8.6 9.12
Summation of forces and moments at stem ( section X )

Total 272.4 118.01 349.64 468.38
Lever arm with respect to X = (349.64 - 468.38) / 272.4 = -0.44 m
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -0.44 = 1.19 m
Moment about T-T axis MTT = 272.4 x 1.19 = 324.16 tm
left abut 42

Total 223.5 139.31 276.29 438.83
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -0.73 = 1.48 m
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Total 290.43 153.47 374.37 630.94
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -0.88 = 1.63 m
(ii) With Av -ve
Total 269.13 144.65 347.05 588.83
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -0.9 = 1.65 m

(a) Normal case
Total 215.3 117.39 278.81 400.56
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -0.57 = 1.32 m
(b)Seismic case
left abut 43
(i) With Av +ve

Total 232.13 162.49 301.38 556.62
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -1.1 = 1.85 m
(ii) With Av -ve
Total 212.72 154.35 277.61 525.42
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -1.16 = 1.91 m
Dry condition
(a) Normal case
Superstructure Dead Load Reaction 161 5.59 144.9 45
Earth pressures 48.91 117.99 73.35 468.38
Total 433.41 123.58 494.54 513.38
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -0.04 = 0.79 m
Total 384.5 144.88 421.19 483.83
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -0.16 = 0.91 m
left abut 44
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Total 482.34 233.14 555.58 1149.55
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -1.23 = 1.98 m
(ii) With Av -ve
Total 413.99 215.5 477.77 1065.32
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -1.42 = 2.17 m
(a) Normal case
Earth pressures 33.08 117.38 49.62 400.56
Total 376.3 122.97 423.71 445.56
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -0.06 = 0.81 m
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
left abut 45
Total 422.83 251.79 480.43 1068.72

Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -1.39 = 2.14 m
(ii) With Av -ve
Total 358.25 235.52 409.72 1006.32
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -1.67 = 2.42 m
Service stage with live loads
Dry condition
(a) Normal case
Live load : 78.95 7.2 71.06 57.96
Earth pressures 48.91 147.96 73.35 609.99
Total 512.36 155.16 565.6 667.95
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -0.2 = 0.95 m
Live load : 78.95 7.2 71.06 57.96
Total 463.45 176.46 492.25 638.4
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -0.32 = 1.07 m
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
left abut 46

Deduct Live Load -78.95 -7.2 -71.06 -57.96
Add 50% live loads effects 39.48 3.6 35.53 34.02
Total 521.82 272.53 591.11 1352.44
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -1.46 = 2.21 m
Deduct Live Load -78.95 -7.2 -71.06 -57.96
Total 453.47 250.36 513.3 1239.52
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -1.6 = 2.35 m
(a) Normal Case
Live Load 78.95 7.2 71.06 57.96
Earth pressures 33.08 148.39 49.62 544.03
Total 455.25 155.59 494.77 601.99
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -0.24 = 0.99 m
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Deduct Live Load -78.95 -7.2 -71.06 -57.96
left abut 47

Total 462.31 296.14 515.96 1274.69
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -1.64 = 2.39 m
(ii) With Av -ve
Deduct Live Load -78.95 -7.2 -71.06 -57.96
Total 397.73 275.41 445.25 1187.05
Eccentricity = 1.5 / 2 - -1.87 = 2.62 m
Recapitulation of forces and moments at section X
Conditions Vertical loads Moments at X
MTT MLL
(1) Dry Condition
(a) Normal case considering Earth Pressure 272.4 324.16
(b) Normal case considering Fluid Pressure 223.5 330.78
(c) Seismic case with Av +ve 290.43 473.4
(d) Seismic case with Av -ve 269.13 444.06
(1) Dry Condition
left abut 48

(1) Dry Condition
(a) Normal case considering Earth Pressure 512.36 486.74 44.18
(b) Normal case considering Fluid Pressure 463.45 495.89 44.18
(c) Seismic case with Av +ve 521.82 1153.22 22.1
(d) Seismic case with Av -ve 453.47 1065.65 22.1
Check for stresses in the Abutment Shaft

All units are in kg - cm and angles in degrees unless otherwise specif z
650
Effective cover , d'c = 9 239.85 cm2
Modular ratio m = 10
Vertical load = 4.62E+05 x 150
Moment @x-x axis mxx= 1.10E+08 239.85 cm2
Moment @z-z axis mzz= 2.21E+06
z
Let us assume that the neutral axis lies at a distance of y =40.5 cms from x-axis & is inclined
at angle of 'a' = 0.055degrees (assumed by trial and error )
650 Z
34.188
0.312 34.812
a 40.5
X X
150
Z
tan'a' = p / 325
p= 325 x tan 0.055
p= 0.312
Effective area of concrete and steel
Element Area Distance of c.g. from top Distance of c.g. from right
Concrete area
a) Rectangular = 34.188 x 650 = 34.188 / 2 = 650 / 2
= 22222.2 = 17.09 = 325
b) Triangle= 1 / 2 x 650x0.624 = 34.188 + 0.624 / 3 = 650 / 3
= 202.8 = 34.4 = 216.67
Total concrete area = 22425
left abut 49
Steel area
steel area above N.A = ( 10 - 1) x 239.85
(m-1)Ast 2158.65 =9 = 325
steel area below N.A..= 10 x 239.85 = 150 - 9
mAst 2398.5 = 141 = 325
Total area = 26982.15

c.g. of effective section = total moment of all areas/ total area
c.g. of effective section from top of
concrete = (22222.2x17.09+202.8x34.4+2158.65x9+2398.5x141 )/26982.15 = 27.59
hence c.g. of effective section from x - x axis,e'x = (75 - 27.59) = 47.41
c.g. of effective section from right
= (22222.2x325+202.8x216.67+2158.65x325+2398.5x325 )/26982.15 = 324.19
hence c.g. of effective section from z - z axis, e'z = (325 - 324.19) = 0.81
Eccentricity ex and ez
Eccentricity along x- axis = ez = Mz/P = 2210000 / 462310
= 4.78
Eccentricity along z- axis = ex = Mx/P = =110492000 / 462310
= 239
Calculations of Ieffxx , Ieffzz , Ieffxz of the effective section
Ieffxx=
650x34.188^ 3/12+22222.2x(27.59-17.09)^2+650x(0.624)^3/36+202.8x(27.59- 34.4)^2
+9x 239.85 x 0.38* ^ 2 / 12 + 2158.65 x ( 27.59 - 9 ) ^ 2
+10 x 239.85 x ( 0.38 ^ 2 /12 +2398.5 x ( 141 - 27.59 ) ^2
* {239.85 / ( 650 - 2 x 9 ) }
4623885 + 746029.7 + 30849124 = 36219038
Ieffzz=
34.188x650^3/12+22222.2x(325-324.19)^2+0.624x(650)^3/36+202.8x(324.19-216.67)^2
+9 x 239.85 x 632^ 2 / 12 + 2158.65 x ( 325 - 324.19 ) ^ 2 +
10 x 239.85 x 632^ 2 /12 +2398.5 x ( 325 - 324.19 ) ^2
7.9E+08 + 71852801 + 79836446 = 9.41E+08
Ieffxz=
22222.2x(27.59-17.09)x(324.19-325)+202.8x( 27.59-34.4)x(324.19-216.67)+
2158.65 x ( 27.59 - 9 ) x ( 324.19 - 325 ) +
2398.5 x ( 27.59 - 141 ) x ( 324.19 - 325 )
-337492 + -32504.74 + 220331.2 = -149666
Check for tan 'a' z

b
x ex x
left abut 50
ez d
If x-x and z-z are the two orthogonal axis through the physical ceteroid of the overall section b x d
Mx and Mz are the moment about these axis and P the axial thrust. ex and ez are the local eccentricities
from x-x and z-z axis . ex =Mx/P and is measured along z-z axis, ez = Mz/P and is measured along x-x axis
e'x and e'z are the distances from the X and Z axis to the c.g. of effective section . Ieffxx and Ieffzz are the
second moment of areas of the effective sections about axis parallel to X and Z axis passing through its
centeroid. Ieffxz is the product of inertia of the effective section about axis parallel to X and Z axis passing
through its centeroid
The inclination of the axis of the resultant moment to x-x axis given by :
tan 'a' = {(ez - e'z )xIeffxx - (ex - e'x ) x Ieffxz } / {(ex - e'x ) x Ieffzz - ( ez -e'z ) x Ieffxz }
tan 'a' = {(4.78 - 0.81 ) x 36219038.4 - ( 239 - 47.41 ) x -149665.73 }
{(239 - 47.41 ) x 941215098.02 - ( 4.78 - 0.81 ) x -149665.73 }
1.72E+08 = 9.56E-04
1.80E+11
hence 'a' = 0.0548 ~ 0.055 hence o.k.
Check for the position of neutral axis
( stresses anywhere along the neutral axis should be zero)
=P/Aeff-[{P(ex - e'x)- P( ez - e'z )( Ieffxz/Ieffzz)}/{Ieffxx - ( Ieffxz^2/Ieffzz)}]x(e'x - y) -
[{P(ez - e'z) - P ( ex - e'x ) ( Ieffxz/Ieffxx)}/{Ieffzz - ( Ieffxz^2/Ieffxx)}]xe'z
= 462310 / 26982.15 -
[{462310x(239-47.41)-462310x(4.78-0.81)x(-149665.73/941215098.02)}]x(47.41-40.5)-
( 36219038.4 - ( -149665.73 ^2 / 941215098.02 )
[{ 462310x(4.78 - 0.81 ) - 462310x( 239 - 47.41)x( -149665.73 / 36219038.4 ) } ] x 0.81
( 941215098.02 - ( -149665.73 ^2 / 36219038.4 )
17.13 - 88574265 x6.91 - 2201380 x 0.81
36219015 9.41E+08
17.13 - 2.44552 x6.91 - 0.0023 x 0.81
17.13 - 16.9 - 0
0.23 ~ 0 o.k.
Check for stresses in concrete and steel
The extreme fibre stresses in the cracked section are given by the formula taken from chapter
24 of " design of bridg kg/cm2
=P/Aeff -[{P(ex - e'x) - P( ez - e'z)(Ieffxz/Ieffzz)}/{Ieffxx - (Ieffxz^2/Ieffzz)}]x(b/2 -e'x) -
[{P(ez - e'z) - P ( ex - e'x ) ( Ieffxz/Ieffxx)}/{Ieffzz - ( Ieffxz^2/Ieffxx)}]x( d/2 - e'z)
Maximum compressive stress in concrete =
17.13 + 2.44552x ( 75 - 47.41 ) + 0.0023x ( 325 - 0.81 )
17.13 67.48 0.75
85.36 kg/cm2 less than 68X1.5 =102 kg/cm2 hence safe
Maximum tensile stress in steel
left abut 51
(10x{(17.13-67.48/27.59x(75+47.41-9)- 0.75x( 325+0.81 - 9)/324.19)}

-2609.83 kg/cm2 less than 2040X1.5 =3060 kg/cm2 hence safe
Provide 28 mm dia at 300 mm c/c + 25 mm dia at 300 mm c/c
Also provide distribution steel 10 mm dia at 200 mm c/c
Design of Abutment Cap
Width of Abutment Cap= 1200 mm

Thickness of Abutment Cap= 300 mm
Area of reinforcement required as per cl. 710.1.1 of IRC:78-2000 is 2.5 kg/m2 in each
direction however provide 12 mm dia bar at 200mm c/c
Design of Dirt wall
Horizontal earth pressure coefficient = 0.226
0.3
1.4 1.16
+
z
x
0.3
0.57 0.49 1.2
Design Parameters
Overall height of Dirt wall = 1.4 m
Overall thickness of Dirt wall = 30 cms
Eff. cover (assumed)= 5.6 cms
Effective depth of Dirt wall = 24.4 cms
Horizontal pressure due to surcharge = 0.226 x 1.2 x 1.8 = 0.49 t/m2
Horizontal pressure at base due to earth fill = 0.226 x 1.8 x 1.4 = 0.57 t/m2
Calculations of bending moments and shear forces per meter length at section ' x '
Bending moment at section x due to live load surcharge and backfill=
= 0.49 x1.4 x 1.4 / 2 + 1/2 x 0.57 x 1.4 x 0.42 x 1.4 = 0.71 tm/m
deff,reqd.= { 0.71 x 10^5 / (100 x 15.1 ) }^0.5
= 6.86 cms < 24.4 safe
Area of steel required = 0.71 x 10^5 / 2040 x 0.889 x 24.4
(on earth face) = 1.6 cm2/m
Amin= 0.12 x 30 = 3.6 cm2/m
Spacing of bars = 0.79 x 100 / 3.6 = 21.82 cms
Provide 10mm dia bar at 150 mm c/c giving an area of 5.24cm2/m
Distribution reinforcement (cl 305.10 IRC:21-2000)
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Hence provide 10 mm dia bar at 200 mm c/c
Check for Shear
left abut 52
Shear force at critical section z = 0.226x1.2x1.8 x 1.16 + 1/2 x 0.226 x 1.8X 1.16 ^2
= 0.84 t/m
Shear stress at critical section z= 0.84x10^3/24.4x100 = 0.34 kg/cm2
Design of Return Wall
Abutment shaft 9.45 Return Wall
Return Wall
2.4
x x
0.3 0.6
Section at X X - section of Abutment

Parameters
Effective height of Return wall = 9.45 m
Effective span of Return wall = 2.4 m
Overall thickness of Return wall at 'x'= 60 cms
Overall thickness of Return wall at free edge = 30 cms
Effective depth of Return wall at 'x'= 53.5 cms
Horizontal pressure due to surcharge at 'x'= 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 = 0.49 t/m2
Horiz. pressure at base due to fluid pressurer at 'x'= 0.48 x 9.45 = 4.54 t/m2
Calculations of bending moments and shear forces per meter width at section ' x '
Bending moment at section x due to live load surcharge and backfill per meter height
of Return wall = 0.49 x2.4 ^2 / 2 + 4.54 x 2.4 ^2 / 2 = 14.49 tm
deff,reqd.= { 14.49 x 10^5 / (100 x7.79 ) }^0.5
= 43.13 cms < 53.5cms safe
Area of steel required = 14.49 x 10^5 / 2040 x0.917 x 53.5
= 14.48 cm2/m ht. Amin= 0.12 x 60 = 7.2 cm2/m ht.
Hence provide 16mm dia bar at 125 mm c/c giving an area of 16.08 cm2/m ht.
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Check for Shear
Gross shear force at critical section x = 0.49 x2.4 + 4.54 x 2.4
= 12.07 t/m
Net shear force at critical section x = 12.07 - (14.49/0.535)x0.3/2.4
left abut 53
= 8.68 t/m
Shear stress at critical section x= 8.68x10^3/53.5x100
= 1.62 kg/cm2
Design of Return Wall at a section 5.45 from top
Return Wall x
2.4
x
0.3 0.45

Parameters
deff,reqd.= [(8.96x10^5/(100x7.79)]^0.5
= 33.91 cms < 38.5cms safe
Area of steel required = 8.96x10^5/2040x0.917x38.5)
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Check for Shear
= 7.46 t/m
left abut 54
= 6.01 t/m
= 1.56 kg/cm2
Return Wall x
2.4
x
0.3 0.45

Parameters
deff,reqd.= { 5.5 x 10^5 / (100 x 7.79 ) }^0.5
= 26.57 cms < 38.5cms safe
Area of steel required = 5.5 x 10^5 / 2040X0.917x 38.5
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Check for Shear
= 4.58 t/m
left abut 55

= 3.69 t/m
= 0.96 kg/cm2
Tc= 2.2 kg/cm2 safe
left abut 56
2.2 Section of Abutment adopted and values of various parameters

Formation Level 100 0.3 Center line of Rocker bearing
Dirt Wall 0.6
1.4 1 98.6 RL of Bearing
7g
0.3 Abut Cap 2
7f 3a
HFL RL 94.2
9.45 7e 3b BED RL 90.65

90.65 7.75 7d 3c Front Fill .27dsm RL 90.65
90.65 2dsm RL 90.65
7b 3e 8b
7a 8a
0 4 6 0
Found. RL 90.55 0 5 0
0 1.2 0.3 0 0
1.5
(Not to scale) T
Length of Abutment = 6.5 1.5
Width of Abutment foundation= 1.5
Total Height of Abutment = 9.45
Depth of MSL from HFL for scour up to ;- 6.5
1.27dsm (Normal case) = 3.5 L L
1.27dsm (Seismic case) = 3.5
left abut 57
2dsm (Normal case) = 3.5

2dsm (Seismic case) = 3.15
Height from Base ( Foundation Lvl ) of :- T
HFL = 3.6 BASE PLAN
Bed Lvl = 0.1 Base Parameters :
SL for scour upto1.27dsm (Normal case) = 0.1 Required for checking Base
L for scour upto1.27dsm (Seismic case) = 0.1 Pressures for various cases
MSL for scour upto2dsm (Normal case) = 0.1 Area = 1.5 x 6.5
MSL for scour upto2dsm (Seismic case) = 0.1 = 9.75
Height of Front fill from Base for :- ZTT = 6.5 x 1.5^2 / 6
Dry condition = 0.1 = 2.44
L condition with scour upto1.27dsm (Normal case) = 0.1 Z LL
= 1.5 x 6.5^2 / 6
Lcondition with scour upto1.27dsm (Seismic case) = 0.1 = 10.56
HFL condition with scour upto2dsm (Normal case) = 0.1
HFLcondition with scour upto2dsm (Seismic case) = 0.1
Dry unit weight of soil = 1.8
Saturated unit weight of soil = 2.1
Submerged unit weight of soil = 1.1
Dry unit weight of concrete = 2.4
Submerged unit weight of concrete = 1.4
ive load surcharge equivalent to height of earth fill = 1.2
Angle of Internal friction of soil (Backfill) = 35
Angle of friction between Backfill & Concrete = 22.5
Angle of Internal friction of soil (Front fill) = 30
Angle of friction between front fill & Concrete = 20
Safe Bearing capacity of soil= 40
Superstructure Dead Load Reaction = 161
Restoring Moment due to DL = 144.9
Superstructure full Live Load Reaction = 78.95
Restoring Moment due to full Live load reaction = 71.06
Horizontal force at Bearing level with full live load = 7.2
Overturning moment due to this force = 57.96
Horizontal force at Bearing level with out live load = 5.59
Overturning moment due to this force = 45
Moment due to Live Load eccentricity = 44.18
z= Seismic zone factor 0
R= Response reduction factor 0
left abut 58
2.3 Determination of seismic and earth pressure coefficients
a) Seismic coefficient
T= Time period of the bridge = 2x(D/1000K)1/2
D= Dead live load reaction ( kN) 2353.19
K= orizontal force per unit deflection ( kN ) = 3EcIc/h3
Ec= dulus of elasticity of concrete= 5000(fck)1/2 x103 kN/m2
= #REF! 2.24E+07 kN/m2
Ice*= M.O.I. Of the section = 6.5x1.5^3/12 = 1.83
* section at the stem is considered. This is on conservative side
chi= eight of the section (98.6 - 90.55) = 8.05 m
K= = 3x22360679.77x1.83/8.05^3 = 235326 kN/m
= 235.33 KN/mm
T= = 2x[2353.19/1000x235.33]^0.5 = 0.2 seconds
Coefficient for 5% damping #REF! for medium foundation soils
= 1.36/0.2 2.5
Ah=Horizontal seismic coefficient = z/2xSa/gxI/R
= 0x2.5x0/0
= 0.12
(b) Determination of active earth pressure coefficient (Refer Cl 8 of I.S.1893-1975)
Ca = (1+ or - a)*cos2(f-l-a)/[cos l*cos2a*cos(d+l+a)] *
Here again : f= 35
a*= 0 d= 11.25 for submerged state

Expression : Value(normal case) Value(siesmic+ve Value(seismic -ve)
cos(f-l-a) 0.8192 0.8192 0.8775 0.9204 0.8864 0.9335
cos(d+l+a) 0.9239 0.9808 0.876 0.9189 0.8666 0.9046
cosl 1 1 0.9939 0.9782 0.9916 0.9704
cosa 1 1 1 1 1 1
sin(f+d) 0.8434 0.7224 0.8434 0.7224 0.8434 0.7224
sin(f-i-l) 0.5736 0.5736 0.4796 0.3911 0.4628 0.3587
cos(a-i) 1 1 1 1 1 1
left abut 59

Ca = 1*(0.8192)^2 / [1*(1)^2*(0.9239)] * [1/ {1+ ( 0.8434*0.5736 / (1*0.9239) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.2445
Ca = (1+0.08)*(0.8775)^2/[0.9939*(1)^2*(0.876)]*[1/{1+(0.8434*0.4796 / (1*0.876))^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3386
Ca = (1-0.08)*(0.8864)^2/[0.9916*(1)^2*(0.8666)]*[1/{1+(0.8434*0.4628/(1*0.8666))^0.5}]^2
= 0.3012
Ca = 1*(0.8192)^2 / [1*(1)^2*(0.9808)] * [1/ {1+ ( 0.7224*0.5736 / (1*0.9808) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.2513
Ca = (1+0.08)*(0.9204)^2/[0.9782*(1)^2*(0.9189)]*[1/ {1+(0.7224*0.3911/(1*0.9189) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.4212
Ca = (1-0.08)*(0.9335)^2/[0.9704*(1)^2*(0.9046)]*[1/{1+(0.7224*0.3587/(1*0.9046) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3875
Cp = (1+ or - a)*cos2(f-l-a)/[cos l*cos2a*cos(d+l+a)] *
Here again : f= 30
a*= 0 d= 10 for submerged state
left abut 60
cos(f-l-a) 0.866 0.866 0.9168 0.9521 0.9224 0.9598

cos(d+l+a) 0.9397 0.9848 0.8953 0.9259 0.8888 0.9157
cosl 1 1 0.9937 0.9774 0.9919 0.9716
cosa 1 1 1 1 1 1
sin(f+d) 0.766 0.6428 0.766 0.6428 0.766 0.6428
sin(f-i-l) 0.5 0.5 0.3994 0.3058 0.3863 0.2807
cos(a-i) 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cp = 1*(0.866)^2/[1*(1)^2*(0.9397)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.5/(1*0.9397) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.2973
Cp =
(1+0.06)*(0.9168)^2/[0.9937*(1)^2*(0.8953)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.3994/(1*0.8953) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3989
Cp =
(1-0.06)*(0.9224)^2/[0.9919*(1)^2*(0.8888)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.3863/(1*0.8888) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3648

Cp = 1*(0.866)^2/[1*(1)^2*(0.9848)]*[1/{1+(0.6428*0.5/(1*0.9848) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3084
Cp =
(1+0.06)*(0.9521)^2/[0.9774*(1)^2*(0.9259)]*[1/{1+(0.6428*0.3058/(1*0.9259) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.4976
Cp =
left abut 61
(1-0.06)*(0.9598)^2/[0.9716*(1)^2*(0.9157)]*[1/{1+(0.6428*0.2807 / (1*0.9157) )^0.5} ]^2

= 0.4668
left abut 62
0.3
4.150
3.5 1.36
1.5 2.4
0 0.00
1.27 1.5 2.4 1.5 2.4
0 0
2 1.5 2.4 1.5 2.4
0.1 1.5
left abut 63
3.5
left abut 64
= 0.12
left abut 65
0
left abut 66
0
left abut 67
0.48
left abut 68
-3.68 -2.32
-3.68 -2.32
-2.44 -1.54
-2.44 -1.54
left abut 69
Moment at
0 3.15
0 3.15
left abut 70
0 5.1
0 5.1
5.07 23.66
134.16 248.21
117.96 18.15
21.27 23.63
139.23 271.87
Moment at
left abut 71
left abut 72
left abut 73
0.13 0.98
0.06 0.99
0.8 0.87
0.8 0.87
left abut 74
50
1.25
left abut 75
25 230
25 230
spacing 21.34
21.34
42.68 cm2/m
0.489 0.2965 0 0
0.15 0.18 0.15
0.25 0.22 0.1
0.5 0.3 0.25
0.75 0.35 0.25
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 1 0.49 0.25
1.25 0.51 0.25
1.5 0.51 0.25 0.18
1.75 0.51 0.25 0.04
2 0.53 0.25 0.08
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 2.25 0.55 0.25 0.05
2.5 0.57
2.75 0.58
3 0.6
20 230
left abut 76
16 230
spacing 13.66
8.74
spacing 150
22.4 cm2/m
0.171 0.1884 0 0
0.15 0.18 0.15
0.25 0.22 0.1
0.5 0.3 0.25
0.75 0.35 0.25
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 1 0.49 0.25
1.25 0.51 0.25
1.5 0.51 0.25 0.18
1.75 0.51 0.25 0.04
2 0.53 0.25 0.08
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 2.25 0.55 0.25 0.05
0.57
0.58
0.6
left abut 77
Moment at
0 0.75
0 0.75
Moment at
left abut 78
left abut 79
Dia 28 25
6.16 4.91
spacing 30 30
20.53 16.37
133.45 106.41
36.9 239.85
40.5
5.50E-02
left abut 80
ROUND(E7/(G3-2*C4),2)
left abut 81
spacing 150
5.24 cm2/m
0.21 0.2040 0 0
left abut 82
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
0.5 0.3
0.75 0.35
1 0.49
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.6
125 spacing
16.08
pt M20
0.3 0.2360 0 0
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
left abut 83
0.5 0.3 0.51

0.75 0.35 0.51
2 0.49
2.25 0.51
2.5 0.51
4 0.51
0.53
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.6
150 spacing
13.4
pt M20
0.35 0.2520 0 0
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
left abut 84
0.5 0.3 0.51 0.5

0.75 0.35 0.51 0.53
2 0.49 0.55
2.25 0.51 0.57
2.5 0.51 0.58
0.51 0.6
2.5 0.47
0.49
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
125 spacing
9.05
pt M20
0.24 0.2160 0 0
0.15 0.18
left abut 85
0.25 0.22
0.5 0.3 0.51
0.75 0.35 0.51
2 0.49
2.25 0.51
2.5 0.51
0.51
0.53
0.55
left abut 86
0.57
0.58
0.6
4.150
3.5 1.36
1.5 0
0 0
1.27 1.5 0 1.5 0
0 0
2 1.5 0 1.5 0
0.1 1.5
left abut 87
M #REF!
left abut 88
239) )^0.5} ]^2
0.876))^0.5} ]^2
0.8666))^0.5}]^2
808) )^0.5} ]^2
*0.9189) )^0.5} ]^2
0.9046) )^0.5} ]^2

left abut 89
left abut 90
left abut 91
0.07 0.084 pt M20

0 0
0.15 0.18
0.75 0.35
1 0.39
1.25 0.42
1.5 0.45
1.75 0.47
2 0.49
2.25 0.51
2.5 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
left abut 92
2.5 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
left abut 93
2.5 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
left abut 94
2.5 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
right abut 95
Section of Right side Abutment adopted and values of various parameters

Formation Lvl RL = 100 0.3 Center line of bearing
0.6
1.4 1
98.6 RL of top of Abutment cap
0.3 7g 2 Abutment cap
7f 3a
HFL RL 94.15
7.35 7e 3b BED RL 94.15

94.15 4.65 7d 3c Front Fill 1.27dsm RL 94.15
94.15 RL 94.15
7b 3e 8b X
7a 8a
1 4 6 1
Found. RL 92.65 0.45 5 0.45
1.65 1.2 0 1.65 0
4.5
2.25 2.25
(Not to scale)
Return wall
0.35 9
Heel slab(5) Toe slab(6)

Abutment shaft(3)
Backfill Front fill
5.8 6.5 7 Foundation slab(4) 8
0.35 9
4.5
Return wall 1.65 1.2 1.65
right abut 96
BASE PLAN
Assuming avg. thickness of return wall = 0.35
Length of Abutment = 6.5 m Base Parameters :
Width of Abutment foundation= 4.5 m Required for checking Base
Total Height of Abutment = 7.35 m Pressures for various cases
Depth of MSL from HFL for scour up to ;- Area = 4.5 x 6.5
1.27dsm (Normal case) = 0.0 m = 29.25
1.27dsm (Seismic case) = 0.0 m ZTT = 6.5 x 4.5^2 / 6
2dsm (Normal case) = 0.0 m = 21.94
2dsm (Seismic case) = 0 m ZLL = 4.5 x 6.5^2 / 6
Height from Base ( Foundation Lvl ) of :- = 31.69
HFL = 1.5 m
Bed Lvl = 1.5 m
MSL for scour upto1.27dsm (Normal case) = 1.5 m
MSL for scour upto1.27dsm (Seismic case) = 1.5 m
MSL for scour upto2dsm (Normal case) = 1.5 m
MSL for scour upto2dsm (Seismic case) = 1.5 m
Dry condition = 1.5 m
HFL condition with scour upto1.27dsm (Normal case) = 1.5 m
HFLcondition with scour upto1.27dsm (Seismic case) = 1.5 m
HFL condition with scour upto2dsm (Normal case) = 1.5 m
HFLcondition with scour upto2dsm (Seismic case) = 1.5 m
Dry unit weight of soil = 1.8 t/m3
Saturated unit weight of soil = 2.1 t/m3
Submerged unit weight of soil = 1.1 t/m3
Dry unit weight of concrete = 2.4 t/m3
Submerged unit weight of concrete = 1.4 t/m3
Live load surcharge equivalent to height of earth fill = 1.2 t/m2
Angle of Internal friction of soil (Backfill) = 35 degrees
Angle of friction between Backfill & Concrete = 22.5 degrees
Angle of Internal friction of soil (Front fill) = 30 degrees
Angle of friction between front fill & Concrete = 20 degrees
Safe Bearing capacity of soil= 40 t/m2
Superstructure Dead Load Reaction = 161 t
Restoring Moment due to DL = 362.25 tm
Superstructure full Live Load Reaction = 78.95 t
Restoring Moment due to full Live load reaction = 177.64 tm
Horizontal force at Bearing level with dead+ live load = 14.37 t
Horizontal force at Bearing level with out live load = 5.59 t
right abut 97
Moment due to Live Load eccentricity = 44.18 tm

Determination of seismic and earth pressure coefficients
a) Seismic coefficient ( As per Amendments published in the IRC publication 'Indian Highway'
of march 2003 edition
z= Seismic zone factor 0.24 for Zone V
0.12x2.5x1/2.5
= 0.12
Ca = (1+ or - Av)*cos (f-l-a)/[cos l*cos a*cos(d+l+a)] *
2 2
Here again : f= 35
dry cond. submerged dry cond. submerged dry cond. ubmerged
cos(f-l-a) 0.8192 0.8192 0.8775 0.9204 0.8864 0.9335
cos(d+l+a) 0.9239 0.9808 0.876 0.9189 0.8666 0.9046
cosl 1 1 0.9939 0.9782 0.9916 0.9704
cosa 1 1 1 1 1 1
sin(f+d) 0.8434 0.7224 0.8434 0.7224 0.8434 0.7224
sin(f-i-l) 0.5736 0.5736 0.4796 0.3911 0.4628 0.3587
cos(a-i) 1 1 1 1 1 1

Ca =
1*(0.8192)^2 / [1*(1)^2*(0.9239)] * [1/ {1+ ( 0.8434*0.5736 / (1*0.9239) )^0.5} ]^2
right abut 98
= 0.2445
Ca =
(1+0.08)*(0.8775)^2/[0.9939*(1)^2*(0.876)]*[1/{1+(0.8434*0.4796 / (1*0.876))^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3386
Ca =
(1-0.08)*(0.8864)^2/[0.9916*(1)^2*(0.8666)]*[1/{1+(0.8434*0.4628/(1*0.8666))^0.5}]^2
= 0.3012
Ca =
1*(0.8192)^2 / [1*(1)^2*(0.9808)] * [1/ {1+ ( 0.7224*0.5736 / (1*0.9808) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.2513
Ca =
(1+0.08)*(0.9204)^2/[0.9782*(1)^2*(0.9189)]*[1/ {1+(0.7224*0.3911/(1*0.9189) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.4212
Ca =
(1-0.08)*(0.9335)^2/[0.9704*(1)^2*(0.9046)]*[1/{1+(0.7224*0.3587/(1*0.9046) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3875
Here again : f= 30
right abut 99

cos(f-l-a) 0.866 0.866 0.9159 0.9509 0.9234 0.9612
cos(d+l+a) 0.9397 0.9848 0.8962 0.9273 0.8876 0.9137
cosl 1 1 0.9939 0.9782 0.9916 0.9704
cosa 1 1 1 1 1 1
sin(f+d) 0.766 0.6428 0.766 0.6428 0.766 0.6428
sin(f-i-l) 0.5 0.5 0.4013 0.3094 0.3838 0.2759
cos(a-i) 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cp = 1*(0.866)^2/[1*(1)^2*(0.9397)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.5/(1*0.9397) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.2973
Cp =
(1+0.08)*(0.9159)^2/[0.9939*(1)^2*(0.8962)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.4013/(1*0.8962) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.4045
Cp =
(1-0.08)*(0.9234)^2/[0.9916*(1)^2*(0.8876)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.3838/(1*0.8876) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3591
Cp = 1*(0.866)^2/[1*(1)^2*(0.9848)]*[1/{1+(0.6428*0.5/(1*0.9848) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3084
Cp =
(1+0.08)*(0.9509)^2/[0.9782*(1)^2*(0.9273)]*[1/{1+(0.6428*0.3094/(1*0.9273) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.5029
Cp =
(1-0.08)*(0.9612)^2/[0.9704*(1)^2*(0.9137)]*[1/{1+(0.6428*0.2759 / (1*0.9137) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.46
right abut 100

Normal case
Bed Level
Foundation Level
(a) Dry condition
(i) Due to Backfill
Horizontal force due to L.L.surcharge *= 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 7.35 x 6.5 = 23.31 t
*As per requirement of cl 217.3 of IRC;6-2000 , Approach slab has been provided. Even so Live load
surcharge of 1.2m height of earth fill has been taken in accordance with cl. 710.4.4 of IRC:78-2000
Moment due to L.L. surcharge @ O = 23.31 x 7.35 / 2 = 85.66 tm
Horizontal force due to earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 7.35^ 2 x 6.5 71.39 t
Moment due to earth pressure @ O = 71.39 x 0.42 x 7.35 = 220.38 tm
Vertical component of earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 7.35^ 2 x 6.5 29.58 t
Moment due to this component @ O = 29.58 x 4.5 = 133.11 tm
= 3.68 t
= 2.32 tm
= 1.34 t
Formation Level
HFL
right abut 101
FDG.L
below HFL above HFL
(i) Due to backfill

= 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2465 x 1.5 x 6.5
= 18.55 + 5.19
= 23.74 t
Moment due to L.L. surcharge @ O = 18.55 x (1.5+ 5.85 / 2) + 5.19 x 1.5/2
= 85.98 tm
= 1.8 x 5.85 x 0.2465 x 1.5 x 6.5 +
= 0.5 x 1.1 x 0.2465 x 1.5^2 x 6.5
= 45.23 + 25.31 + 1.98
= 72.52 t
Moment due to earth pressure @ O =
45.23x(1.5+2.457)+25.31x1.5/2+1.98x0.42x1.5
= 199.21 tm
= 1.8 x 5.85 x 0.049 x 1.5 x 6.5 +
= 0.5 x 1.1 x 0.049 x 1.5^2 x 6.5
= 18.74 + 5.03 + 0.39
= 24.16 t
= 108.72 tm
= 2.44 t
= 1.54 tm
= 0.43 t
Seismic force considered along longitudinal axis of the bridge in the same direction as Earth
pressure . Passive relief having been conservatively considered to the extent of active pressure
only , dynamic decrement in passive relief is ignored.
(i) Dry condition
right abut 102
1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 5.85 x 6.5 -

= 25.69 - 18.55
= 7.14 t
Moment due to this DI @ O = 7.14 x( 1.5+5.85x2/3)
= 38.56 tm
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 5.85^ 2 x 6.5
= 62.62 - 45.23
= 17.39 t
= 76.95 tm
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 5.85^ 2 x 6.5
25.95 - 18.74
= 7.21 t
= 32.45 tm
1.2 x 1.8 x ( 0.4131 - 0.2465 ) x 0 x 6.5
= 7.14 + 0
= 7.14 t
Moment due to this DI @ O =
7.14 x (1.5+ 5.85 x2/3) + 0 x( 1.5 + 0 x2/3 )
= 38.56 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.4131 - 0.2465 ) x 0 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.4131 - 0.2465 ) x 0^2 x 6.5
= 17.4 + 0 + 0
= 17.4 t
= 17.4 x (1.5 + 5.85 x0.50 ) + 0 x (1.5 + 0/2 )+ 0 x(1.5 + 0.50 x 0 )
= 77 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.0822 - 0.049 ) x 0 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.0822 - 0.049 ) x 0^2 x 6.5
= 7.21 + 0 + 0
= 7.21 t
= 32.45 tm
(i) Dry condition
right abut 103
1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 5.85 x 6.5

= 22.86 - 18.55
= 4.31 t
Moment due to this DI @ O = 4.31 x( 1.5+5.85 x2/3)
= 23.27 tm
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 5.85^ 2 x 6.5
55.72 - 45.23
= 10.49 t
= 46.42 tm
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 5.85^ 2 x 6.5
23.08 - 18.74
= 4.34 t
1.2 x 1.8 x ( 0.3801 - 0.2465 ) x 0 x 6.5
= 4.3 + 0
= 4.3 t
Moment due to this DI @ O = 4.3x(1.5+ 5.85 x2/3) + 0 x( 1.5 + 0 x2/3 )
= 23.22 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.3801 - 0.2465 ) x 0 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.3801 - 0.2465 ) x 0^2 x 6.5
= 10.49 + 0 + 0
= 10.49 t
= 10.49 x (1.5+5.85x0.50)+0 x (1.5 + 0/2 )+ 0 x(1.5 + 0.50 x 0 )
= 46.42 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.0756 - 0.049 ) x 0 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.0756 - 0.049 ) x 0^2 x 6.5
= 4.34 + 0 + 0
= 4.34 t
= 19.53 tm
= 84.28 t
right abut 104

= 107.59 t
= 292.15 tm
= 108.02 t
= 292.47 tm

(t) (t)
Total : 94.7 306.04 30.92 133.11
(t) base (t-m)
Total : 107.59 292.15
(t) (t) (t-m)
Total : 96.26 285.19 24.59 108.72
(t) base (t-m)
Total : 108.02 292.47
right abut 105
(t) (t) (t-m)

Total : 24.53 115.51 7.21 32.45
CaseVI Seismic case with Av +ve ,dynamic increment in earth pressure , HFL condition
with scour upto 1.27dsm
(t) (t) (t-m)
1 DI in Earth Pressure ( Backfill ) 17.4 77 7.21 32.45
Total : 24.54 115.56 7.21 32.45
(t) (t) (t-m)
Total : 14.8 69.69 4.34 19.53
(t) (t)
Total : 14.79 69.64 4.34 19.53
Normal case
(a) Dry condition
(t) (m) ( t-m )
1.Dirt wall 1.4x0.3x6.5x2.4 = 6.55 2.7 17.69
2. Abut Cap 0.3x1.2x6.5x2.4 = 5.62 2.25 12.65
3a Abut shaft (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 4.15 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 77.69 2.25 174.8
3b. -do- (1.2+1.2) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 0 2.25 0
3c. -do- (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 0 2.25 0
3d -do- (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 0 2.25 0
right abut 106
3e -do- (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 0.5 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 9.36 2.25 21.06

4. Found slab 1.2 X 1 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 18.72 2.25 42.12
5 Heel slab (1 + 0.45) / 2 X 1.65 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 18.66 3.57 66.62
6 Toe slab 1.65 X (0.45 + 1) / 2 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 18.66 0.93 17.35
7a Back fill (0.55 + 0) / 2 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.8 = 4.74 3.95 18.72
7b -do- 0.5 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.8 = 8.61 3.675 31.64
7c -do- 0 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.8 = 0 3.675 0
7d -do- 0 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.8 = 0 3.675 0
7e -do- 0 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.8 = 0 3.675 0
7f -do- 4.15 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.8 = 71.49 3.675 262.73
7g -do- 1.7 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.8 = 29.28 3.675 107.6
8a Front fill 0.5 X 0.55 X 1.65 X 6.5 X 1.8 = 5.31 0.55 2.92
8b -do- 1.65 X 0.5 X 6.5 X 1.8 = 9.65 0.83 8.01
8c -do- 1.65 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.8 = 0 0.83 0
8d -do- 1.65 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.8 = 0 0.83 0
9a Return wall (0.55 + 0) / 2 X 1.65 X 0.35 X 2X2.4 = 0.76 3.95 3
9b - do 0.5 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 1.39 3.675 5.11
9c - do 0 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 0 3.675 0
9d - do 0 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 0 3.675 0
9e - do 0 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 0 3.675 0
9f - do 4.15 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 11.5 3.675 42.26
9g - do 1.7 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 4.71 3.675 17.31
Total : 302.7 Total : 851.59
(t) (m) ( t-m )
1.Dirt wall 1.4x0.3x6.5x2.4 = 6.55 2.7 17.69
2. Abutment Cap 0.3 X 1 X 6.5 X 2.4 4.68 2.25 10.53
3b. -do- (1.2+1.2) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 0 2.25 0
3c. -do- (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 0 2.25 0
3d -do- (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 0 2.25 0
3e -do- (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 0.5 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 5.46 2.25 12.29
4. Foundation slab 1.2 X 1 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 10.92 2.25 24.57
5 Heel side slab (1 + 0.45) / 2 X 1.65 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 10.89 3.57 38.88
6 Toe side slab 1.65 X (0.45 + 1) / 2 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 10.89 0.93 10.13
7a Back fill (0.55 + 0) / 2 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.1 = 2.89 3.95 11.42
7b -do- 0.5 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.1 = 5.26 3.675 19.33
7c 0 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.1 = 0 3.675 0
7d 0 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.1 = 0 3.675 0
7e 0 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.1 = 0 3.675 0
7f 4.15 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.8 = 71.49 3.675 262.73
right abut 107
7g 1.7 X 1.65 X 5.8 X 1.8 = 29.28 3.675 107.6

8a Front fill 0.5 X 0.55 X 1.65 X 6.5 X 1.1 = 3.24 0.55 1.78
8b -do- 1.65 X 0.5 X 6.5 X 1.1 = 5.9 0.83 4.9
8c -do- 1.65 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.1 = 0 0.83 0
9b - do 0.5 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 1.4 = 0.81 3.675 2.98
9c - do 0 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 1.4 = 0 3.675 0
9d - do 0 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 1.4 = 0 3.675 0
9e - do 0 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 1.4 = 0 3.675 0
9f - do 4.15 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 11.5 3.675 42.26
9g - do 1.7 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 4.71 3.675 17.31
Total : 262.6 Total : 760.94
(a) Dry condition
=0.08XW toe edge toe edge =0.12XW base about base
(t) (m) ( t-m ) (t) (m) ( t-m )
1. Dirt wall 0.52 2.7 1.4 0.79 6.65 5.25
2. Abut Cap 0.45 2.25 1.01 0.67 5.8 3.89
3a Abut shaft 6.22 2.25 14 9.32 3.58 33.37
3b. -do- 0 2.25 0 0 1.5 0
9e Return wall 0 3.675 0 0 1.5 0
9f -do 0.92 3.675 3.38 1.38 3.58 4.94
9g -do 0.38 3.675 1.4 0.57 6.5 3.71
Particulars =0.08XW toe edge toe edge =0.12XW base about base
(t) (m) ( t-m ) (t) (m) ( t-m )
1. Dirt wall 0.52 2.7 1.4 0.79 6.65 5.25
2. Abut Cap 0.45 2.25 1.01 0.67 5.8 3.89
3a Abut shaft 6.22 2.25 14 9.32 3.58 33.37
3b. -do- 0 2.25 0 0 1.5 0
3c. -do- 0 2.25 0 0 1.5 0
9d Return wall 0 3.675 0 0 1.5 0
9e - do 0 3.675 0 0 1.5 0
9f - do 0.92 3.675 3.38 1.38 3.58 4.94
9g - do 0.38 3.675 1.4 0.57 6.5 3.71
right abut 108
Total 332.28 71.39 984.7 220.38
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 2.3 = -0.05 m
Ptoe = 10.6 Safe
Pheel = 12.12

Total 302.7 84.28 851.59 206.49
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 2.13 = 0.12 m
Ptoe = 12 Safe
Pheel = 8.69
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Total 347.98 101.51 1038.34 348.49
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 1.98 = 0.27 m
Ptoe = 16.18 Safe
Pheel = 7.61
right abut 109

(ii) With Av -ve
Total 328.13 94.61 983.04 317.96
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 2.03 = 0.22 m
Ptoe = 14.51 Safe
Pheel = 7.93
(a) Normal case
Total 286.76 72.52 869.66 199.21
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 2.34 = -0.09 m
Ptoe = 8.63 Safe
Pheel = 10.98
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Dynamic increment on backfill 7.21 17.4 32.45 77
Total 302.46 102.65 923.3 327.37
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 1.97 = 0.28 m
Ptoe = 14.2 Safe
Pheel = 6.48
right abut 110

(ii) With Av -ve
Total 282.61 95.74 868 296.79
Lever arm with respect to edge, 0 = (868 - 296.79) / 282.61 = 2.02 m
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 2.02 = 0.23 m
Ptoe = 12.62 Safe
Pheel = 6.7
Factor of safety against overturning = 868 / 296.79 = 2.92 Safe
Dry condition
(a) Normal case
Earth pressures 30.92 71.39 133.11 220.38
Total 494.62 76.98 1346.95 253.64
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 2.21 = 0.04 m
Ptoe = 17.81 Safe
Pheel = 16.01
Total 463.7 89.87 1213.84 239.75
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 2.1 = 0.15 m
right abut 111
Ptoe = 19.02 Safe

Pheel = 12.68
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Total 523.2 145.74 1429.57 611.66
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 1.56 = 0.69 m
Ptoe = 34.34 Safe
Pheel = 1.43
(ii) With Av -ve
Total 477.59 138.84 1316.31 581.13
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 1.54 = 0.71 m
Ptoe = 31.78 Safe
Pheel = 0.87
(a) Normal case
Earth pressures 24.59 72.52 108.72 199.21
right abut 112
Total 448.19 78.11 1231.91 232.47

Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 2.23 = 0.02 m
Ptoe = 15.73 Safe
Pheel = 14.91
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Dynamic increment in earth pressure 7.21 17.4 32.45 77
Total 476.77 146.88 1314.53 590.54
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 1.52 = 0.73 m
Ptoe = 32.16 Safe
Pheel = 0.43
(ii) With Av -ve
Total 431.16 139.97 1201.27 559.96
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 1.49 = 0.76 m
Ptoe = 29.68 Safe
Pheel = -0.2
Dry condition
(a) Normal case
right abut 113

Live load : 78.95 14.37 177.64 85.5
Earth pressures 30.92 94.7 133.11 306.04
Total 573.57 109.07 1524.59 391.54
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 1.98 = 0.27 m
44.18 X 6 / 4.5 X 6.5^2
Ptoe = 28.06 Safe
Pheel = 11.16
Live load : 78.95 14.37 177.64 85.5
Total 542.65 121.96 1391.48 377.65
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 1.87 = 0.38 m
44.18 X 6 / 4.5 X 6.5^2
Ptoe = 29.35 Safe
Pheel = 7.76
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Total 602.15 184.97 1607.21 788.12
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 1.36 = 0.89 m
right abut 114
44.18 X 6 / 4.5 X 6.5^2

Ptoe = 46.41 Safe
Pheel = -5.24
Total 556.54 175.24 1493.95 742.3
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 1.35 = 0.9 m
44.18 X 6 / 4.5 X 6.5^2
Ptoe = 43.25 Safe
Pheel = -5.2
(a) Normal Case
Live Load 78.95 14.37 177.64 85.5
Earth pressures 24.59 96.26 108.72 285.19
Total 527.14 110.63 1409.55 370.69
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 1.97 = 0.28 m
44.18 X 6 / 4.5 X 6.5^2
Ptoe = 26.14 Safe
Pheel = 9.9
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
right abut 115

Total 555.72 186.54 1492.17 767.32
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 1.3 = 0.95 m
44.18 X 6 / 4.5 X 6.5^2
Ptoe = 44.46 Safe
Pheel = -6.46
(ii) With Av -ve
Total 510.11 176.79 1378.91 721.4
Eccentricity = 4.5 / 2 - 1.29 = 0.96 m
44.18 X 6 / 4.5 X 6.5^2
Ptoe = 41.16 Safe
Pheel = -6.28
(1) Dry Condition
(b) Normal case considering Fluid Pressure 12 8.69 2.51 4.12
right abut 116
(1) Dry Condition

(1) Dry Condition
Refer Appendix B for check for tension ,if any.
Appendix B
pressures .
6.46
44.46
0.57 3.93
x L-x
4.5
L
x = 6.46X4.5/(44.46+6.46) = 0.57 m
right abut 117

Pmax = 2X[555.72 / 3.9 X 6.5 + 44.18 X 6 / 3.9 X 6.5^2]
Design of foundation slab
(All units in meter mtons unless otherwise specified) Service condition with live load dry
condition Seismic case with Av+ve case governs the design
Pressures are divided by factor 1.25 to convert them into normal case
4.5
1.65 1.2 1.65
-4.19
10.96 21.98
37.13
13.5 13.83 3.3 2.97
Downward pressure diagram due weight of concrete and earth fill over heel/toe slab
y x z
0.91 0.74
17.69 18.68
2.87 27.22 34.16

Overall depth of Toe slab at sec. x = 100 cms
Overall depth of Toe slab at edge = 45 cms
Effective depth of Toe slab at sec. x = 91 cms
Effective depth of Toe slab at edge = 36 cms
Effective depth at critical section 'z' of Toe slab = 60.67 cms
Overall depth of Heel slab at sec. y = 100 cms
Overall depth of Heel slab at edge = 45 cms
Effective depth of Heel slab at sec. y = 91 cms
Effective depth of Heel slab at edge = 36 cms
Design constants
Concrete Grade M 20 (The slopes adopted for the
Steel Grade Fe 415 footing meets the requirements
Modular ratio 10 of cl. 707.2.4 of IRC:78-2000)
right abut 118

n= 1 / { ( 1 + 2040 / ( 10 x 68 ) }
= 0.25
j= 1 - 0.25 / 3
= 0.917
= 7.79 kg/cm2
Toe side slab
Bending moment at section x = ( 34.16 x 2 + 18.68 ) x 1.65 ^ 2 / 6
= 39.48 tm/m
deff,reqd.= { 39.48 x 10^5 / (100 x 7.79 ) }^0.5
= 71.19 cms < 91 safe
Area of steel required = 39.48 x 10^5 / 2040x0.917x91
= 23.19 cm2/m
Amin= 0.15 x 100 (cl. 707.2.7 of IRC 78 - 2000)
= 15 cm2/m
of 30.08 cm2/m ht.
(cl 305.10 IRC:21-2000)
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Hence provide10 mm dia bar at 200 mm c/c
Check for Shear
Shear force at critical section z = ( 34.16+27.22)/2x0.74
= 22.71 t/m
Bending moment at critical section z = ( 34.16x2+27.22)x0.74^2/6
= 8.72 tm/m
Net shear force at section z = 22.71-8.72/0.607x0.55/1.65
= 17.92 t/m
Shear stress at critical section z= 17.92x10^3/60.67x100
= 2.95 kg/cm2
Heel side slab
Bending moment at section y = (17.69x2+2.87)x1.65^2/6
= 17.36 tm/m
deff,reqd.= [(17.36x10^5/(100x7.79)]^0.5
= 47.21 cms <91 safe
Area of steel required = 17.36x10^5/2040x0.917x91)
= 10.2 cm2/m
right abut 119
Amin= 0.15x100
= 15 cm2/m
of 15.71 cm2/m ht.
(cl 305.10 IRC:21-2000)
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m Hence provide 10 mm dia bar at 200 mm c/c
Check for Shear
Gross shear force at critical section y = (17.69+2.87)/2x1.65 = 16.96 t/m
Net shear force at critical section y = 16.96 - (17.36/0.91)x0.55/1.65
= 10.6 t/m
Shear stress at critical section y= 10.6x10^3/91x100
= 1.16 kg/cm2
Design of Abutment Shaft

Computation of Forces and Moments due to Earth pressure at Stem ( Section X )
Normal case
Bed Level
Foundation Level
(a) Dry condition
(i) Due to Backfill
= 20.14 t
Moment due to L.L. surcharge @ X = 20.14 x 6.35 / 2
= 63.94 tm
= 53.29 t
Moment due to earth pressure @ X = 53.29 x 0.42 x 6.35
= 142.12 tm
right abut 120

= 22.08 t
= 26.5 tm
= 0.41 t
= 0.09 tm
= 0.15 t
Formation Level
HFL
FDG.L
below HFL above HFL
(i) Due to backfill
1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2465 x 0.5 x 6.5
= 18.55 + 1.73
= 20.28 t
Moment due to L.L. surcharge @ X = 18.55 x (0.5+ 5.85 / 2) + 1.73 x 0.5/2
= 63.97 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x 0.2465 x 0.5 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x 0.2465 x 0.5^2 x 6.5
= 45.23 + 8.44 + 0.22
= 53.89 t
Moment due to earth pressure @ X =
45.23 x (0.5+2.457)+8.44 x 0.5/2+0.22 x 0.42x0.5
= 135.9 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x 0.049 x 0.5 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x 0.049 x 0.5^2 x 6.5
= 18.74 + 1.68 + 0.04
right abut 121
= 20.46 t
= 24.55 tm
= 0.27 t
= 0.06 tm
= 0.05 t
(i) Dry condition
1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 5.85 x 6.5
= 25.34 - 18.55
= 6.79 t
Moment due to this DI @ X = 6.79 x( 0.5+5.85x2/3)
= 29.88 tm
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 5.85^ 2 x 6.5
= 61.76 - 45.23
= 16.53 t
= 56.62 tm
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 5.85^ 2 x 6.5
25.59 - 18.74
= 6.85 t
= 8.22 tm
1.2 x 1.8 x ( 0.4089 - 0.2465 ) x 0 x 6.5
= 6.78 + 0
= 6.78 t
Moment due to this DI @ X =
6.78 x (0.5+ 5.85 x2/3) + 0 x( 0.5 + 0 x2/3 )
= 29.83 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.4089 - 0.2465 ) x 0 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.4089 - 0.2465 ) x 0^2 x 6.5
right abut 122
= 16.54 + 0 + 0
= 16.54 t
= 16.54x(0.5 + 5.85 x0.50 ) + 0 x (0.5 + 0/2 )+ 0 x(0.5 + 0.50 x 0 )
= 56.65 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.0813 - 0.049 ) x 0 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.0813 - 0.049 ) x 0^2 x 6.5
= 6.85 + 0 + 0
= 6.85 t
= 8.22 tm
(i) Dry condition
1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 5.85 x 6.5
= 23.21 - 18.55
= 4.66 t
Moment due to this DI @ X = 4.66 x( 0.5+5.85 x2/3)
= 20.5 tm
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 5.85^ 2 x 6.5
56.58 - 45.23
= 11.35 t
= 38.87 tm
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 5.85^ 2 x 6.5
23.44 - 18.74
= 4.7 t
Moment due to this DI @ X = 4.7 x 1.2 = 5.64 tm
1.2 x 1.8 x ( 0.3841 - 0.2465 ) x 0 x 6.5
= 4.66 + 0
= 4.66 t
Moment due to this DI @ X = 4.66x(0.5+5.85 x2/3) + 0 x( 0.5 + 0 x2/3 )
= 20.5 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.3841 - 0.2465 ) x 0 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.3841 - 0.2465 ) x 0^2 x 6.5
= 11.35 + 0 + 0
= 11.35 t
right abut 123

= 11.35 x (0.5 + 5.85x0.50 ) + 0 x (0.5 + 0/2 )+ 0 x(0.5 + 0.50 x 0 )
= 38.87 tm
1.8 x 5.85 x ( 0.0764 - 0.049 ) x 0 x 6.5 +
0.5 x 1.1 x ( 0.0764 - 0.049 ) x 0^2 x 6.5
= 4.7 + 0 + 0
= 4.7 t
= 5.64 tm
= 62.9 t
Moment about Stem for this force = 62.9 x 6.35 x 1/ 3 = 133.14 tm
= 83.04 t
= 197.08 tm
= 83.18 t
= 197.11 tm
(t) (t)
2 Live load surcharge 20.14 63.94 0 0
3 Passive relief due to Front fill -0.41 -0.09 0.15 0
Total : 73.02 205.97 22.23 26.5
(t) X (t-m)
3 Passive relief due to Front fill -0.41 -0.09
Total : 82.63 196.99
(t) (t) (t-m)
right abut 124

Total : 73.9 199.81 20.51 24.55
(t) X (t-m)
Total : 82.91 197.05
(t) (t) (t-m)
Total : 23.32 86.50 6.85 8.22
Case VI Seismic case with Av +ve ,dynamic increment in earth pressure , HFL
(t) (t) (t-m)
Total : 23.32 86.48 6.85 8.22
(t) (t) (t-m)
Total : 16.01 59.37 4.7 5.64
(t) (t)
right abut 125

Total : 16.01 59.37 4.7 5.64
Normal case
(a) Dry condition
(t) (m) ( t-m )
1.Dirt wall 6.55 0.6 3.93
2. Abut Cap 0.3x1x6.5x2.4 = 4.68 0.6 2.81
3a Abut shaft (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 4.15 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 77.69 0.6 46.61
3b. -do- (1.2+1.2) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 0 0.6 0
3c. -do- (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 0 0.6 0
3d -do- (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 0 0.6 0
3e -do- (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 0.5 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 9.36 0.6 5.62
9b -Return wall 0.5 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 1.39 2.03 2.82
9c - do 0 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 0 2.03 0
9d - do 0 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 0 2.03 0
9e - do 0 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 0 2.03 0
9f - do 4.15 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 11.5 2.03 23.35
9g - do 1.7 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 4.71 2.03 9.56
Total : 115.88 Total : 94.7
(t) (m) ( t-m )
1.Dirt wall 6.55 0.6 3.93
2. Abutment Cap 0.3 X 1 X 6.5 X 2.4 4.68 0.6 2.81
3b. -do- (1.2+1.2) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 0 0.6 0
3c. -do- (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 0 0.6 0
3d -do- (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 0 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 0 0.6 0
3e -do- (1.2 + 1.2) / 2 X 0.5 X 6.5 X 1.4 = 5.46 0.6 3.28
9b- return wall 0.5 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 1.4 = 0.81 2.03 1.64
9c - do 0 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 1.4 = 0 2.03 0
9d - do 0 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 1.4 = 0 2.03 0
9e - do 0 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 1.4 = 0 2.03 0
9f - do 4.15 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 11.5 2.03 23.35
9g - do 1.7 X 1.65 X 0.35X2 X 2.4 = 4.71 2.03 9.56
Total : 111.4 Total : 91.18
right abut 126
(a) Dry condition
=0.06XW X about X =0.12XW X about X
(t) (m) ( t-m ) (t) (m) ( t-m )
1. Dirt wall 0.39 0.6 0.23 0.79 5.65 4.46
2. Abut Cap 0.28 0.6 0.17 0.56 4.8 2.69
3a Abut shaft 4.66 0.6 2.8 9.32 2.58 24.05
3b. -do- 0 0.6 0 0 0.5 0
9e Return wall 0 2.03 0 0 0.5 0
9f -do 0.92 2.03 1.87 1.38 2.58 3.56
9g -do 0.38 2.03 0.77 0.57 5.5 3.14
Particulars =0.06XW X about X =0.12XW X about X
(t) (m) ( t-m ) (t) (m) ( t-m )
1. Dirt wall 0.39 0.6 0.23 0.79 5.65 4.46
2. Abut Cap 0.28 0.6 0.17 0.56 4.8 2.69
3a Abut shaft 4.66 0.6 2.8 9.32 2.58 24.05
3b. -do- 0 0.6 0 0 0.5 0
3c. -do- 0 0.6 0 0 0.5 0
9d Return wall 0 2.03 0 0 0.5 0
9e - do 0 2.03 0 0 0.5 0
9f - do 0.92 2.03 1.87 1.38 2.58 3.56
9g - do 0.38 2.03 0.77 0.57 5.5 3.14
Summation of forces and moments at stem ( section X )
Total 137.96 53.29 121.2 142.12
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.15 = 0.75 m
right abut 127

Total 115.88 62.9 94.7 133.14
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.33 = 0.93 m
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Total 144.71 67.87 128.23 189.38
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.42 = 1.02 m
(ii) With Av -ve
Total 136.99 65.28 121.1 180.51
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.43 = 1.03 m
(a) Normal case
Total 131.86 53.89 115.73 135.9
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.15 = 0.75 m
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
right abut 128

Total 138.61 68.47 122.76 183.18
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.44 = 1.04 m
(ii) With Av -ve
Total 130.89 65.88 115.63 174.29
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.45 = 1.05 m
Dry condition
(a) Normal case
Earth pressures 22.23 52.88 26.5 142.03
Total 299.11 58.47 217.8 169.7
Lever arm with respect to X = (217.8 - 169.7) / 299.11 = 0.16 m
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - 0.16 = 0.44 m
Total 276.88 68.08 191.3 160.72
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - 0.11 = 0.49 m
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
right abut 129

Total 322.25 126.26 237.66 455.49
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.68 = 1.28 m
(ii) With Av -ve
Total 287.52 121.08 211.8 437.74
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.79 = 1.39 m
(a) Normal case
Earth pressures 20.51 53.62 24.55 135.84
Total 292.91 59.21 212.33 163.51
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - 0.17 = 0.43 m
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Total 316.05 127.01 232.19 449.33
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.69 = 1.29 m
right abut 130
(ii) With Av -ve

Total 281.32 121.82 206.33 431.55
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.8 = 1.4 m
Service stage with live loads
Dry condition
(a) Normal case
Live load : 78.95 14.37 47.37 71.13
Earth pressures 22.23 73.02 26.5 205.97
Total 378.06 87.39 265.17 277.1
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.03 = 0.63 m
Live load : 78.95 14.37 47.37 71.13
Total 355.83 97 238.67 268.12
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.08 = 0.68 m
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Deduct Live Load -78.95 -14.37 -47.37 -71.13
right abut 131

Total 361.73 154.785 261.35 564.39
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.84 = 1.44 m
Deduct Live Load -78.95 -14.37 -47.37 -71.13
Total 327 147.475 235.49 537.26
Lever arm with respect to X = (235.49 - 537.26) / 327 = -0.92 m
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.92 = 1.52 m
Moment about T-T axis MTT = 327 x 1.52 = 497.04 tm
(a) Normal Case
Live Load 78.95 14.37 47.37 71.13
Earth pressures 20.51 73.9 24.55 199.81
Total 371.86 88.27 259.7 270.94
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.03 = 0.63 m
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Deduct Live Load -78.95 -14.37 -47.37 -71.13
right abut 132
Total 355.53 155.665 255.88 558.21

Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.85 = 1.45 m
(ii) With Av -ve
Deduct Live Load -78.95 -14.37 -47.37 -71.13
Total 320.8 148.355 230.02 531.1
Eccentricity = 1.2 / 2 - -0.94 = 1.54 m
Recapitulation of forces and moments at section X
Conditions Vertical loads Moments at X
MTT MLL
(1) Dry Condition
(1) Dry Condition
(1) Dry Condition
right abut 133
(b) Normal case considering Fluid Pressure 355.83 241.96 44.18

(d) Seismic case with Av -ve 327 497.04 22.1
Check for stresses in the Abutment Shaft

All units are in kg - cm and angles in degrees unless otherwise specif z
650
Effective cover , d'c = 9 127.66 cm2
Modular ratio m = 10
Vertical load = 3.56E+05 x 120
Moment @x-x axis mxx= 5.16E+07 127.66 cm2
Moment @z-z axis mzz= 2.21E+06
z
Let us assume that the neutral axis lies at a distance of y =34.6 cms from x-axis & is inclined
at angle of 'a' = 0.0642degrees (assumed by trial and error )
650 Z
25.036
0.364 25.764
a 34.6
X X
120
Z
tan'a' = p / 325
p= 325 x tan 0.0642
p= 0.364
Effective area of concrete and steel
Element Area Distance of c.g. from top Distance of c.g. from right
Concrete area
a) Rectangular = 25.036 x 650 = 25.036 / 2 = 650 / 2
= 16273.4 = 12.52 = 325
b) Triangle= 1 / 2 x 650x0.728 = 25.036 + 0.728 / 3 = 650 / 3
= 236.6 = 25.28 = 216.67
Total concrete area = 16510
Steel area
steel area above N.A = ( 10 - 1) x 127.66
(m-1)Ast 1148.94 =9 = 325
steel area below N.A..= 10 x 127.66 = 120 - 9
right abut 134
mAst 1276.6 = 111 = 325
Total area = 18935.54

c.g. of effective section = total moment of all areas/ total area
c.g. of effective section from top of
concrete = (16273.4x12.52+236.6x25.28+1148.94x9+1276.6x111 )/18935.54 = 19.11
hence c.g. of effective section from x - x axis,e'x = (60 - 19.11) = 40.89
c.g. of effective section from right
= (16273.4x325+236.6x216.67+1148.94x325+1276.6x325 )/18935.54 = 323.65
hence c.g. of effective section from z - z axis, e'z = (325 - 323.65) = 1.35
Eccentricity ex and ez
Eccentricity along x- axis = ez = Mz/P = 2210000 / 355530
= 6.22
Eccentricity along z- axis = ex = Mx/P = =51552000 / 355530
= 145
Calculations of Ieffxx , Ieffzz , Ieffxz of the effective section
Ieffxx=
650x25.036^ 3/12+16273.4x(19.11-12.52)^2+650x(0.728)^3/36+236.6x(19.11- 25.28)^2
+9x 127.66 x 0.2* ^ 2 / 12 + 1148.94 x ( 19.11 - 9 ) ^ 2
+10 x 127.66 x ( 0.2 ^ 2 /12 +1276.6 x ( 111 - 19.11 ) ^2
* {127.66 / ( 650 - 2 x 9 ) }
1565753 + 117439.4 + 10779324 = 12462516
Ieffzz=
25.036x650^3/12+16273.4x(325-323.65)^2+0.728x(650)^3/36+236.6x(323.65-216.67)^2
+9 x 127.66 x 632^ 2 / 12 + 1148.94 x ( 325 - 323.65 ) ^ 2 +
10 x 127.66 x 632^ 2 /12 +1276.6 x ( 325 - 323.65 ) ^2
5.81E+08 + 38244945 + 42494383 = 6.62E+08
Ieffxz=
16273.4x(19.11-12.52)x(323.65-325)+236.6x( 19.11-25.28)x(323.65-216.67)+
1148.94 x ( 19.11 - 9 ) x ( 323.65 - 325 ) +
1276.6 x ( 19.11 - 111 ) x ( 323.65 - 325 )
-300948 + -15681.31 + 158364.1 = -158265
Check for tan 'a' z
b
x ex x
ez d
If x-x and z-z are the two orthogonal axis through the physical ceteroid of the overall section b x d
Mx and Mz are the moment about these axis and P the axial thrust. ex and ez are the local eccentricities
from x-x and z-z axis . ex =Mx/P and is measured along z-z axis, ez = Mz/P and is measured along x-x axis
right abut 135
e'x and e'z are the distances from the X and Z axis to the c.g. of effective section . Ieffxx and Ieffzz are the
second moment of areas of the effective sections about axis parallel to X and Z axis passing through its
centeroid. Ieffxz is the product of inertia of the effective section about axis parallel to X and Z axis passing
through its centeroid
The inclination of the axis of the resultant moment to x-x axis given by :
tan 'a' = {(ez - e'z )xIeffxx - (ex - e'x ) x Ieffxz } / {(ex - e'x ) x Ieffzz - ( ez -e'z ) x Ieffxz }
tan 'a' = {(6.22 - 1.35 ) x 12462515.71 - ( 145 - 40.89 ) x -158265.22 }
{(145 - 40.89 ) x 661989626.52 - ( 6.22 - 1.35 ) x -158265.22 }
77169444 = 1.12E-03
6.89E+10
hence 'a' = 0.0642 ~ 0.0642 hence o.k.
Check for the position of neutral axis
( stresses anywhere along the neutral axis should be zero)
=P/Aeff-[{P(ex - e'x)- P( ez - e'z )( Ieffxz/Ieffzz)}/{Ieffxx - ( Ieffxz^2/Ieffzz)}]x(e'x - y) -
[{P(ez - e'z) - P ( ex - e'x ) ( Ieffxz/Ieffxx)}/{Ieffzz - ( Ieffxz^2/Ieffxx)}]xe'z
= 355530 / 18935.54 -
[{355530x(145-40.89)-355530x(6.22-1.35)x(-158265.22/661989626.52)}]x(40.89-34.6)-
( 12462515.71 - ( -158265.22 ^2 / 661989626.52 )
[{ 355530x(6.22 - 1.35 ) - 355530x( 145 - 40.89)x( -158265.22 / 12462515.71 ) } ] x 1.35
( 661989626.52 - ( -158265.22 ^2 / 12462515.71 )
18.78 - 37014642 x6.29 - 2201486 x 1.35
12462478 6.62E+08
18.78 - 2.97009 x6.29 - 0.0033 x 1.35
18.78 - 18.68 - 0
0.1 ~ 0 o.k.
Check for stresses in concrete and steel
The extreme fibre stresses in the cracked section are given by the formula taken from chapter
24 of " design of bridg kg/cm2
=P/Aeff -[{P(ex - e'x) - P( ez - e'z)(Ieffxz/Ieffzz)}/{Ieffxx - (Ieffxz^2/Ieffzz)}]x(b/2 -e'x) -
[{P(ez - e'z) - P ( ex - e'x ) ( Ieffxz/Ieffxx)}/{Ieffzz - ( Ieffxz^2/Ieffxx)}]x( d/2 - e'z)
Maximum compressive stress in concrete =
18.78 + 2.97009x ( 60 - 40.89 ) + 0.0033x ( 325 - 1.35 )
18.78 56.75 1.07
76.6 kg/cm2 less than 68X1.5 =102 kg/cm2 hence safe
Maximum tensile stress in steel
(10x{(18.78-56.75/19.11x(60+40.89-9)- 1.07x( 325+1.35 - 9)/323.65)}
-2551.5 kg/cm2 less than 2040X1.5 =3060 kg/cm2 hence safe
Provide 25 mm dia at 250 mm c/c + 0 mm dia at 250 mm c/c
Also provide distribution steel 10 mm dia at 200 mm c/c
Design of Abutment Cap
Width of Abutment Cap= 1200 mm

right abut 136
Thickness of Abutment Cap= 300 mm

Area of reinforcement required as per cl. 710.1.1 of IRC:78-2000 is 2.5 kg/m2 in each
direction however provide 12 mm dia bar at 200mm c/c
Design of Dirt wall
Horizontal earth pressure coefficient = 0.226
0.3
1.4 1.16
+
z
x
0.3
0.57 0.49 1.2
Design Parameters
Overall height of Dirt wall = 1.4 m
Overall thickness of Dirt wall = 30 cms
Effective depth of Dirt wall = 24.4 cms
Horizontal pressure due to surcharge = 0.226 x 1.2 x 1.8 = 0.49 t/m2
Horizontal pressure at base due to earth fill = 0.226 x 1.8 x 1.4 = 0.57 t/m2
Calculations of bending moments and shear forces per meter length at section ' x '
Bending moment at section x due to live load surcharge and backfill=
= 0.49 x1.4 x 1.4 / 2 + 1/2 x 0.57 x 1.4 x 0.42 x 1.4 = 0.71 tm/m
deff,reqd.= { 0.71 x 10^5 / (100 x 15.1 ) }^0.5
= 6.86 cms < 24.4 safe
(on earth face) = 1.6 cm2/m
Amin= 0.12 x 30 = 3.6 cm2/m
Provide 10mm dia bar at 150 mm c/c giving an area of 5.24cm2/m
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Check for Shear
Shear force at critical section z = 0.226x1.2x1.8 x 1.16 + 1/2 x 0.226 x 1.8X 1.16 ^2
= 0.84 t/m
Shear stress at critical section z= 0.84x10^3/24.4x100 = 0.34 kg/cm2
Design of Return Wall
right abut 137
Return Wall
1.65
x x
0.3 0.4

Parameters
deff,reqd.= { 4.82 x 10^5 / (100 x7.79 ) }^0.5
= 24.87 cms < 33.5cms safe
Area of steel required = 4.82 x 10^5 / 2040 x0.917 x 33.5
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Check for Shear
= 5.84 t/m
= 4.97 t/m
= 1.48 kg/cm2
Tc= 2.2 kg/cm2 safe
right abut 138
Return Wall x
1.65
x
0.3 0.3

Parameters
deff,reqd.= [(2.21x10^5/(100x7.79)]^0.5
= 16.84 cms < 23.5cms safe
Area of steel required = 2.21x10^5/2040x0.917x23.5)
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Check for Shear
= 2.67 t/m
Net shear force at critical section x = 2.67 - (2.21/0.235)x0/1.65
= 2.67 t/m
= 1.14 kg/cm2
right abut 139
Design of Return Wall at a section -0.15 from top
Abutment shaft -0.15 Return Wall
Return Wall x
1.65
x
0.3 0.45

Parameters
Effective height of Return wall = -0.15 m
Horiz. pressure at base due to fluid pressurer at 'x'= 0.48 x -0.15 = -0.07 t/m2
of Return wall = 0.49 x1.65 ^2 / 2 + -0.07 x 1.65 ^2 / 2 = 0.57 tm
deff,reqd.= { 0.57 x 10^5 / (100 x 7.79 ) }^0.5
= 8.55 cms < 38.5cms safe
Area of steel required = 0.57 x 10^5 / 2040X0.917x 38.5
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Check for Shear
Gross shear force at critical section x = 0.49 x1.65 + -0.07 x 1.65
= 0.69 t/m
= 0.56 t/m
= 0.15 kg/cm2
Tc= 2.2 kg/cm2 safe
right abut 140
2.2 Section of Abutment adopted and values of various parameters

Formation Level 100 0.3 Center line of Rocker bearing
Dirt Wall 0.6
1.4 1 98.6 RL of Bearing
7g
0.3 Abut Cap 2
7f 3a
HFL RL 94.2
6.35 7e 3b BED RL 94.15

94.15 4.65 7d 3c Front Fill .27dsm RL 94.15
94.15 2dsm RL 94.15
7b 3e 8b
7a 8a
0 4 6 0
Found. RL 93.65 0 5 0
0 1.2 0 0 0
1.2
(Not to scale) T
Length of Abutment = 6.5 1.2
Width of Abutment foundation= 1.2
Depth of MSL from HFL for scour up to ;- 6.5
1.27dsm (Normal case) = 0.0 L L
1.27dsm (Seismic case) = 0.0
2dsm (Normal case) = 0.0
2dsm (Seismic case) = 0
Height from Base ( Foundation Lvl ) of :- T
HFL = 0.5 BASE PLAN
Bed Lvl = 0.5 Base Parameters :
SL for scour upto1.27dsm (Normal case) = 0.5 Required for checking Base
right abut 141
L for scour upto1.27dsm (Seismic case) = 0.5 Pressures for various cases
MSL for scour upto2dsm (Normal case) = 0.5 Area = 1.2 x 6.5
MSL for scour upto2dsm (Seismic case) = 0.5 = 7.8
Height of Front fill from Base for :- Z TT
= 6.5 x 1.2^2 / 6
Dry condition = 0.5 = 1.56
L condition with scour upto1.27dsm (Normal case) = 0.5 ZLL = 1.2 x 6.5^2 / 6
Lcondition with scour upto1.27dsm (Seismic case) = 0.5 = 8.45
HFL condition with scour upto2dsm (Normal case) = 0.5
HFLcondition with scour upto2dsm (Seismic case) = 0.5
Saturated unit weight of soil = 2.1
Submerged unit weight of soil = 1.1
Submerged unit weight of concrete = 1.4
Angle of Internal friction of soil (Backfill) = 35
Angle of friction between Backfill & Concrete = 22.5
Angle of Internal friction of soil (Front fill) = 30
Angle of friction between front fill & Concrete = 20
Superstructure Dead Load Reaction = 161
Restoring Moment due to DL = 96.6
Superstructure full Live Load Reaction = 78.95
Restoring Moment due to full Live load reaction = 47.37
Horizontal force at Bearing level with full live load = 14.37
Horizontal force at Bearing level with out live load = 5.59
Moment due to Live Load eccentricity = 44.18
z= Seismic zone factor 0
R= Response reduction factor 0
2.3 Determination of seismic and earth pressure coefficients
right abut 142
T= Time period of the bridge = 2x(D/1000K)1/2

D= Dead live load reaction ( kN) 2353.19
K= orizontal force per unit deflection ( kN ) = 3EcIc/h3
Ec= dulus of elasticity of concrete= 5000(fck)1/2 x103 kN/m2
= #REF! 2.24E+07 kN/m2
Ice*= M.O.I. Of the section = 6.5x1.2^3/12 = 0.94
* section at the stem is considered. This is on conservative side
chi= eight of the section (98.6 - 93.65) = 4.95 m
K= = 3x22360679.77x0.94/4.95^3 = 519898 kN/m
= 519.9 KN/mm
T= = 2x[2353.19/1000x519.9]^0.5 = 0.13 seconds
Coefficient for 5% damping #REF! for medium foundation soils
= 1.36/0.13 2.5
= 0x2.5x0/0
= 0.12
(b) Determination of active earth pressure coefficient (Refer Cl 8 of I.S.1893-1975)
Ca = (1+ or - a)*cos2(f-l-a)/[cos l*cos2a*cos(d+l+a)] *
Here again : f= 35
a*= 0 d= 11.25 for submerged state

cos(f-l-a) 0.8192 0.8192 0.8785 0.9219 0.8852 0.9317
cos(d+l+a) 0.9239 0.9808 0.875 0.9174 0.8679 0.9067
cosl 1 1 0.9937 0.9774 0.9919 0.9715
cosa 1 1 1 1 1 1
sin(f+d) 0.8434 0.7224 0.8434 0.7224 0.8434 0.7224
sin(f-i-l) 0.5736 0.5736 0.4778 0.3875 0.4652 0.3633
cos(a-i) 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ca = 1*(0.8192)^2 / [1*(1)^2*(0.9239)] * [1/ {1+ ( 0.8434*0.5736 / (1*0.9239) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.2445
right abut 143
Ca = (1+0.06)*(0.8785)^2/[0.9937*(1)^2*(0.875)]*[1/{1+(0.8434*0.4778 / (1*0.875))^0.5} ]^2

= 0.3339
Ca = (1-0.06)*(0.8852)^2/[0.9919*(1)^2*(0.8679)]*[1/{1+(0.8434*0.4652/(1*0.8679))^0.5}]^2
= 0.3059
Ca = 1*(0.8192)^2 / [1*(1)^2*(0.9808)] * [1/ {1+ ( 0.7224*0.5736 / (1*0.9808) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.2513
Ca = (1+0.06)*(0.9219)^2/[0.9774*(1)^2*(0.9174)]*[1/ {1+(0.7224*0.3875/(1*0.9174) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.4169
Ca = (1-0.06)*(0.9317)^2/[0.9715*(1)^2*(0.9067)]*[1/{1+(0.7224*0.3633/(1*0.9067) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3916
Cp = (1+ or - a)*cos2(f-l-a)/[cos l*cos2a*cos(d+l+a)] *
Here again : f= 30
a*= 0 d= 10 for submerged state
cos(f-l-a) 0.866 0.866 0.9168 0.9521 0.9224 0.9598
cos(d+l+a) 0.9397 0.9848 0.8953 0.9259 0.8888 0.9157
cosl 1 1 0.9937 0.9774 0.9919 0.9716
right abut 144
cosa 1 1 1 1 1 1
sin(f+d) 0.766 0.6428 0.766 0.6428 0.766 0.6428
sin(f-i-l) 0.5 0.5 0.3994 0.3058 0.3863 0.2807
cos(a-i) 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cp = 1*(0.866)^2/[1*(1)^2*(0.9397)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.5/(1*0.9397) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.2973
Cp =
(1+0.06)*(0.9168)^2/[0.9937*(1)^2*(0.8953)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.3994/(1*0.8953) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3989
Cp =
(1-0.06)*(0.9224)^2/[0.9919*(1)^2*(0.8888)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.3863/(1*0.8888) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3648

Cp = 1*(0.866)^2/[1*(1)^2*(0.9848)]*[1/{1+(0.6428*0.5/(1*0.9848) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3084
Cp =
(1+0.06)*(0.9521)^2/[0.9774*(1)^2*(0.9259)]*[1/{1+(0.6428*0.3058/(1*0.9259) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.4976
Cp =
(1-0.06)*(0.9598)^2/[0.9716*(1)^2*(0.9157)]*[1/{1+(0.6428*0.2807 / (1*0.9157) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.4668
right abut 145
0.3
4.150
0.0 1.2
1.2 1.65
0 0.00
1.27 1.2 1.65 1.2 1.65
0 0
2 1.2 1.65 1.2 1.65
0.5 1.2
right abut 146
0.0
right abut 147
= 0.12
right abut 148
0
right abut 149
0
right abut 150
0.48
right abut 151
-3.68 -2.32
-3.68 -2.32
-2.44 -1.54
-2.44 -1.54
right abut 152
Moment at
0 2.25
0 2.25
right abut 153
0 3.675
0 3.675
5.07 23.66
67.27 135.51
64.69 9.95
7.65 10.93
72.34 159.17
Moment at
right abut 154
right abut 155
right abut 156
0.46 0.9
0.48 0.89
0.57 0.87
0.6 0.87
right abut 157
50
1.25
right abut 158
25 230
16 230
spacing 21.34
8.74
30.08 cm2/m
0.496 0.2987 0 0
0.15 0.18 0.15
0.25 0.22 0.1
0.5 0.3 0.25
0.75 0.35 0.25
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 1 0.49 0.25
1.25 0.51 0.25
1.5 0.51 0.25 0.18
1.75 0.51 0.25 0.04
2 0.53 0.25 0.08
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 2.25 0.55 0.25 0.05
2.5 0.57
2.75 0.58
3 0.6
20 200
right abut 159
0 230
spacing 15.71
0
spacing 150
15.71 cm2/m
0.173 0.1892 0 0
0.15 0.18 0.15
0.25 0.22 0.1
0.5 0.3 0.25
0.75 0.35 0.25
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 1 0.49 0.25
1.25 0.51 0.25
1.5 0.51 0.25 0.18
1.75 0.51 0.25 0.04
2 0.53 0.25 0.08
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! 2.25 0.55 0.25 0.05
0.57
0.58
0.6
right abut 160
Moment at
0 0.6
0 0.6
Moment at
right abut 161
right abut 162
Dia 25 0
4.91 0
spacing 25 25
19.64 0
127.66 0
19.64 127.66
34.6
6.42E-02
right abut 163
ROUND(E7/(G3-2*C4),2)
right abut 164
spacing 150
5.24 cm2/m
0.21 0.2040 0 0
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
0.5 0.3
0.75 0.35
1 0.49
0.51
0.51
right abut 165
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.6
140 spacing
8.08
pt M20
0.24 0.2160 0 0
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
0.5 0.3 0.51
0.75 0.35 0.51
2 0.49
2.25 0.51
2.5 0.51
4 0.51
0.53
right abut 166
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.6
150 spacing
5.24
pt M20
0.22 0.2080 0 0
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
0.5 0.3 0.51 0.5
0.75 0.35 0.51 0.53
2 0.49 0.55
2.25 0.51 0.57
2.5 0.51 0.58
0.51 0.6
right abut 167
2.5 0.47
0.49
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
125 spacing
9.05
pt M20
0.24 0.2160 0 0
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
0.5 0.3 0.51
0.75 0.35 0.51
2 0.49
2.25 0.51
2.5 0.51
right abut 168
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.6
right abut 169
4.150
0.0 1.2
1.2 0
0 0
1.27 1.2 0 1.2 0
0 0
2 1.2 0 1.2 0
0.5 1.2
right abut 170
M #REF!
239) )^0.5} ]^2

right abut 171
0.875))^0.5} ]^2
0.8679))^0.5}]^2
808) )^0.5} ]^2
*0.9174) )^0.5} ]^2
0.9067) )^0.5} ]^2

right abut 172
right abut 173
right abut 174
0.07 0.084 pt M20

0 0
0.15 0.18
0.75 0.35
1 0.39
1.25 0.42
1.5 0.45
1.75 0.47
2 0.49
2.25 0.51
2.5 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
right abut 175
2.5 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
right abut 176
2.5 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
right abut 177
2.5 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
( DESIGN CALCULATIONS )
(SUPERSTRUCTURE)
CLIENT
M/S SARVIR GUPTA FABRICATORS
JAMMU
DEPARTMENT
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
CONSULTANTS
HIGH RISE DESIGNERS
59/4 NANAK NAGAR
JAMMU
1.0 INTRODUCTION :
It is proposed to construct a Through type Steel truss Girder bridge of 51.24 M c/c span . The
superstructure consists of 265 mm thick(avg.) RCC slab deck with concrete grade M30 and steel
grade Fe415 . This RCC deck rests on cross girder
Provide ISMB400 with 0X0 mm thk top flg plt , 175X12 mm thk bottom flg. Plt and 412 spaced at 3660
5250 mm c/c .

DESIGN OF RCC DECK
Interior panel
Span ( spacing between X girders ) = 3.66 m
Design constants
Concrete Grade M 30
Steel Grade Fe 415
Modular ratio 10
n= 1 / { ( 1 + 2040 / ( 10 x 102 ) }
= 0.333
j= 1 - 0.333 / 3
= 0.889
= 15.1 kg/cm2
Interior Panel
Calculations of Dead Load forces and moments :
O/D of slab(assumed) at edge = 265 mm
O/D of slab(assumed) at crown = 265 mm
Average O/D of slab(assumed)= 265 mm
effective cover(assumed)= 60 mm
effective depth of slab= 205 mm
Deck Slab 265thk. = 0.265x2.4
= 0.636 t/m2
S.F.= 0.636x3.66/2
= 1.16 t/m2
B.M.= 0.636X3.66^2/8
= 1.06 tm/m
Calculations of S.I.D.L forces and moments:
Wearing coat( 80 mm thk. ) @ 200 kg/m2 = 0.2
= 0.2 t/m2
S.F.= 0.2x3.66/2
= 0.37 t/m
B.M.= 0.2x3.66^2/8
= 0.33 tm/m
Calculations of Live Load forces and moments

Maximum Impact = 0.545
Maximum BM
Case 1
5.7 5.7 500 500
Load 2 0.6 0.6 Load 1
1.53 0.93
k c c k
1.2 1.8
A 3.66 4.7
Position of Vehicle for maxm B.M.: Section of Vehicle

k= 0.225 m
Refer clause 305.16.2 (1) Code IRC 21- 2000 c= 0.15 m
For load (1 )
b/lo= 5.25/3.66 = 1.43
Thus,α = 2.5 ( for simply supported slab )
beff.= αa(1-a/lo)+b1
= 2.5x0.93x(1-0.93/3.66)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 2.39 m
Maximum despersion available = 2.39/2+min of 1.8/2 or 2.39/2
= 2.095 m
Dispersion along the span = 0.25+2x(0.265+0.08)
= 0.94 m
load in t/m ( with impact) = [5.7X1.545]/2.095
= 4.2 t/m
load in t/m2(with impact)= 5.7x1.545/(2.095x0.94)
= 4.47
For load (2 )
= 2.5x1.53x(1-1.53/3.66)+(0.5+(2x0.08))
= 2.89 m
Actual dispersion available= 2.89/2+1.8/2
= 2.345 m
load in t/m(with impact)= 5.7x1.545/2.345
= 3.76 t/m
= 4 t/m2
Reaction at A= (4.2x0.93+3.76x2.13)/3.66
= 3.26 t/m
B.M. at C= 3.26x1.53 - 4X0.47^2/2
= 4.55 tm/m
Case 2
5.7
Load 1
1.83 1.83
A 3.66
Position of Vehicle for maxm B.M.:

Refer clause 305.16.2 (1) Code IRC 21- 2000
For load (1 )
b/lo= 5.25/3.66 = 1.43
Thus,α = 2.5
= 2.5x1.83x(1-1.83/3.66)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 2.95 m
= 2.38 m
= 0.94 m
= 3.7 t/m
= 3.18
Reaction at A= 3.7/2
= 1.85 t/m
B.M. at C= 3.7x3.66/4 - 3.7X0.94/8
= 2.95 tm/m
Maximum SF
For loads (1) and (2)
5.7 5.7
Load 2 0.6 0.6 Load 1
0.47 1.99
1.2
B
3.66 A
position of vehicle for max. shear force
For load 1
beff.= 2.5x1.99x(1-1.99/3.66)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 2.93 m
actual dispersion available= 2.93/2+1.8/2
= 2.37 m
= 3.72
= 3.95
Actual load in t/m with impact = 3.72X2.46/0.94
= 9.74
For load 2
beff.= 2.5x0.47x(1-0.47/3.66)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 1.68 m
= 1.68 m
= 5.24
= 5.58
Reaction at B = 5.24X3.19+9.74X1.99/3.66
= 9.86 t
Reaction at A = 5.12 t
S.F. at deff.= 5.12 - 3.95x0.205
= 4.31
Total S.F.= 1.16+0.37+4.31
= 5.84 t/m
Total B.M.= 1.06+0.33+4.55
= 5.94 tm/m
Check for Depth:
deff,reqd.= { 5.94 x 10^5 / (100 x15.1 ) }^0.5
= 19.83 cms < 20.5cms safe
= 15.98 cm2/m
Amin= 0.12 x 26.5
= 3.18 cm2/m
of 16.08 cm2/m ht.
Check for shear :-
Shear stress at critical section = (5.84X10^3)/(100x20.5)
Td = 2.85 kg/cm2
Tc = 3.83 kg/cm2 safe
Distribution reinforcement:
(cl 305.18 IRC:21-2000)
B.M. = 0.2X(1.06+0.33)+0.3X4.55
= 1.37 tm/m
= 4 cm2/m
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Hence provide 10mm dia bar at 200 mm c/c giving an area of 3.93 cm2/m
Design of Steel Cross girder:-
Intermediate cross girder
C/C span of cross girder = 5.25 m
Case (1) Construction Stage Loads
a) Dead load of Slab = 0.265x3.66x2.65
= 2.57 t/m
b) Wt of Shuttering and live load @ (100+400) kg / m2 = 0.5x3.66
= 1.83 t/m
c) Self wt. of cross girder @ 100 kg/m = 0.1 t/m
Total load= 2.57+1.83+ 0.1
= 4.5 t/m
S.F. = 4.5x5.25/2
= 11.81 t
B.M.= 4.5x5.25^2/8
= 15.5 tm
Provide ISMB400 with 0X0 mm thk top flg plt , 175X12 mm thk bottom flg. Plt and
BM = 15.5 tm
Area of the section = 99.5 cm2
C.G. of the section from bottom = (99.5X16.85)/99.5
= 16.85 cm
Ixx = 27491.65 cm4
Iyy = 2765.85 cm4
Zxx = 27491.65/16.85
= 1631.55 cm3
rxx = (27491.65/99.5)^0.5
= 16.62 cm
ryy = (2765.85/99.5)^0.5
= 5.27 cm
Length of member = 525 cm
Effective length of member= 0.85x525
= 446.25 cm
Lxx/rxx= 446.25/16.62
= 26.85 cm
L/rmin.= 26.85
Caclulations for allowable stress:
Fcb = k1(x+k2.y).c2/c1
for d/t= 41.2/1.74
= 23.68
& L/rmin = 26.85 c2/c1= 1.00
x= 3675.85x[{(1+(1/20)x(26.85/23.68)^2)}]^0.5
3792.16
y= 26.5x10^5/26.85^2
3675.85
k1= 1.00 k2= 0.00
Fcb = 1(3792.16+0x3675.85)1
= 3792.16
Hence allowable bending stress,
scb = (0.66x3792.16x250/(3792.16^1.4+250^1.4)^(1/1.4))x10.2
= 1656.79 Kg/cm2
Hence bending stress developed,
Pcb = 15.5x10^5/1631.55
= 950.02 kg/cm2 less than 1656.79 kg/cm2 hence safe
Shear stress = 11.81x10^3/(0.89x41.2)
= 322.08 Kg/cm2 less than 969 kg/cm2 hence safe
Case (2) Service Condition :
(a) D.L. :
i) Dead load of Slab= 0.265x3.66x2.4
= 2.32776 t/m
ii) Self wt. of cross girder @ 100 kg/m= 0.1 t/m
Total load= 2.32776+0.1
= 2.42776 t/m
S.F.= 2.42776x5.25/2
= 6.37 t
B.M.= 2.42776x5.25^2/8
= 8.36 tm
b) S.I.D.L :
Wearing coat( 80thk. avg.)= 0.2
= 0.2 t/m
S.F.= 0.2x5.25/2
= 0.53 t
B.M.= 0.2x5.25^2/8
= 0.69 t/m
Live load
IRC class A vehicle governs the design
0 1.35 5.7 5.7
0.46 0 3.2 1.2 2.46

3.66 3.66
Position of the wheel load on the Stringer for maximum reaction on the Cross girder
Maximum reaction on the Cross girder = 0X0.46/3.66+1.35X0.46/3.66+5.7+5.7X2.46/3.66

= 9.7 t
Impact factor = 9/(13.5+5.25)
= 0.48
Max.reaction on Transoms with impact = 9.7X1.48
= 14.36 t
14.36 14.36
1.275
2.175 1.8
A B
5.25
Position of wheels for maximum B.M in Cross girder
RA = 11.9 t
RB = 16.82 t
LL BM = 11.9X2.175
= 25.88 tm
14.36 14.36
0.9
2.55 1.8
A B
5.25
Position of wheels for maximum SF in Cross girder
RA = 9.85 t
RB = 18.87 t
LL SF = 18.87 t
Total S.F.= 6.37+0.53+18.87
= 25.77 t
Total B.M.= 8.36+0.69+25.88
= 34.93 tm
Properties of Composite section:
beff.= 0.89+(5.25x100)/10
= 53.39 cm
m= 200/(0.5x30.5)
= 13.11
Thus, m= 15
Transformed width= 53.39/15
= 3.56 cms
Area of slab section= 3.56x26.5
= 94.34 cm2
Area of transformed section= 94.34+99.5
= 193.84 cm2
ŷ of the section from top of slab = ((94.34x26.5/2)+99.5x(24.35+26.5))/193.84
= 32.55 cm
ŷ of the section from top of Girder= 32.55-26.5
= 6.05 cm
ŷ of the section from bottom of Girder= 41.2+26.5-32.55
= 35.15
Ixx = (3.56x26.5^3/12)+(94.34x19.3^2)+27491.65+(99.5x14.55^2)
= 89217.61 cm4
Zxx (top of slab)= (89217.61x15)/32.55
= 41114.11 cm3
Zxx(top of girder)= 89217.61/6.05
= 14746.71 cm3
Zxx(bottom of girder)= 89217.61/35.15
= 2538.2 cm3
Stress at top of slab= 34.93x10^5/41114.11
= 84.96 Kg/cm2 less than 102 kg/cm2 hence okay
Stress at top of girder= 34.93x10^5/14746.71
Stress at bottom of girder= 34.93x10^5/2538.2
Shear stress= 25.77x10^3/(41.2x0.89)
Deflection check
Deflection due to DL :
w = 2.32776+0.1+0.2
= 2.63 t/m
∆ = (5/384)x( w xL^3)/EI
= (5x(2.63x5.25x1000)x(5.25x100)^3)/(384x2000000x89217.61)
= 0.15 cm
Deflection due to LL :
Position for max. deflection :
14.36 14.36
1.73 1.8 1.725
a C a
5.25
A' B'
a/l= 1.725/5.25
= 0.33
w= 14.36 t
∆ = wl^3/6EI[(3a/4l)-(a/l)^3]
= (14.36x(5.25x100)^3 x1000x((0.75x0.33)-(0.33)^3))/(6x2040000x89217.61)
= 0.41 cm
Total deflection,∆ = 0.15+0.41
= 0.56 cm
∆allowable= (5.25x100)/600
= 0.88 cm greater than 0.56 cm hence okay
Shear connectors
S.F. at support due to D.L + L.L.= 25.77 t
S.F. at centre = 9.85 t
Longitudinal shear, VL = V x Ac xY/ Ixx
VL at support= 25.77x10^3x94.34x19.3/89217.61
= 525.92 Kg/cm
VL at centre= 9.85x10^3x94.34x19.3/89217.61
= 201.02 Kg/cm
Provide ISMC75 ,90 mm long as shear connector. for concrete grade M30
Ultimate Capacity of shear connector, Qu ( 150 mm long )= 280 KN
(Refer table 2 of IRC :22 - 1986)
Safe working Capacity of shear connector, Q = 0.38X280
= 106.4 KN
Safe working Capacity of shear connector, Q for 75 mm long = 106.4X90/150
= 63.84 KN
= 63840 N
= 6509.64 Kg
Spacing of shear connector at support= 6509.64/525.92
= 12.38 cms say 130 mm
Spacing of shear connector at centre= 6509.64/201.02
= 32.38 cms say 300 mm
Connection between Cross Girder and bottom chord of main Steel truss Girder
Cross girder is connected with the web of bottom chord connecting channel 1/2 cut from ISMC 400
welded to the web of cross girder and bolted to the bottom chord with 24 mm dia bolts
Max force = 25.77 t
Capacity of 24 mm dia bolt in single Shear = 4.52X1.095
= 4.95 t
Capacity of 24 mm dia bolt in double shear = 2X4.95
In bearing against 9.9 t
thickness of web of ISMC400 ( 8.8 mm )= 2.55X2.4X0.88
= 5.39 t
No. of 24 mm dia bolts for bottom chord = 25.77/4.95
= 5.21 nos say 6 nos
No. of mm dia bolts for cross girder = 25.77/5.39
Length of 6.0 mm fillet weld required = 25.77/(0.6X1.1X0.707)
= 55.23 cms say 70 cms
Properties of built up section for cross girder
0X0 mm th + 0X0 mm th web plate
Area of the section = 78.5+0X0+17.5X1.2+0X0+0X0
= 78.5+0+21+0+0
= 99.5 cm2
C.G. of the section from bottom = (78.5X21.2+0X41.2+21X0.6+0X20+0X20)/99.5
= 16.85 cm
C.G. of the section from top = 24.35 cm
Ixx = 20458.4+78.5X4.35^2+0X0^3/12+0X24.35^2+17.5X1.2^3/12+21X16.25^2+
0X0^3/12+0X4.35^2+0X0^3/12+0X4.35^2
= 27491.65 cm4
Iyy = 622.1+0X0^3/12+0X0^2+1.2X17.5^3/12+21X8.75^2+0X0^3/12+
0X0.445^2+0X0^3/12+0X0.445^2
= 2765.85 cm4
Zxxtop = 27491.65/(41.2 - 16.85)
= 1129.02 cm3
Zxxbottom = 27491.65/16.85
= 1631.55 cm3
rxx = (27491.65/99.5)^0.5
= 16.62 cm
ryy = (2765.85/99.5)^0.5
= 5.27 cm
Design of main steel truss girder
Dead loads
RCC deck = 0.265x2.4X4.7X51.84
= 154.97 t
= 44.07 t
= 20.74 t
= 7.88 t
= 77.76 t
Total = 305.42 t
= 10.91 t say 11 t
Live loads
IRC Class A loading is considered for the design
55.4
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3 3 3
Elevation showing train of axle loads for loading
= 0.16
W/2 W/2
C/L of truss C/L of truss
0.9 1.8 2.55
5.25
Cross section of vehicle showing position of wheels for maximum eccentricity

Hence reaction factor = (2.55+1.8/2)/5.25
= 0.66
Hence Multiplying factor = (1.16X0.66)XW
= 0.77 W
Available carriageway width = 4.25 - 2.3 = 1.95 m
load = 1.95X0.5 = 0.98 t/m
total load = 0.98X51.84 = 50.8 t
Ra = Rb = 25.4 t
Load per panel point = 50.8/2x14 = 1.81 t say 1.82 t
Forces in the members of the truss due to dead and live load are calculated using computer
aided software staad pro 2006 developed and marketed by Research engineers Inc USA .
( Refer Appendix A for print output)
Summary of forces in main steel truss
Members Force in one girder due to For camber and deflection analysis
Live load
with impact Live load
Dead load and raction Total load Unit load for max Dead load + Dead load +
factor at centre deflection live load 0.75xLive load
(t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t)
L0L2 39.45 25.39 64.84 0.24 18.18 57.63 53.09 tension
L2L4 104.42 65.49 169.91 0.73 52.33 156.75 143.67 tension
L4L6 150.84 90.16 241.00 1.22 82.67 233.51 212.84 tension
L6L8 178.68 103.40 282.08 1.71 101.36 280.04 254.70 tension
L8L9 187.96 107.67 295.63 2.20 107.67 295.63 268.71 tension
U1U3 74.26 47.46 121.72 0.49 35.63 109.89 100.98 comp.
U3U5 129.95 79.58 209.53 0.98 68.28 198.23 181.16 comp.
U5U7 167.08 97.59 264.67 1.47 93.70 260.78 237.36 comp.
U7U9 185.64 106.54 292.18 1.95 105.66 291.30 264.89 comp.
U1L1 9.50 15.65 25.15 0.00 5.26 14.76 13.45 tension
U3L3 9.50 15.65 25.15 0.00 1.52 11.02 10.64 tension
U5L5 9.50 15.65 25.15 0.00 6.89 16.39 14.67 tension
U7L7 9.50 15.65 25.15 0.00 6.89 16.39 14.67 tension
U9L9 9.50 15.65 25.15 1.00 15.65 25.15 21.24 tension
U1L0 89.87 57.84 147.71 0.56 41.43 131.30 120.94 comp.
U1L2 79.30 51.28 130.58 0.56 39.73 119.03 109.10 tension
U3L2 68.72 45.26 113.98 0.56 38.04 106.76 97.25 comp.
U3L4 58.15 39.22 97.37 0.56 36.35 94.50 85.41 tension
U5L4 47.58 34.35 81.93 0.56 32.79 80.37 72.17 comp.
U5L6 37.01 29.86 66.87 0.56 26.35 63.36 56.77 tension
U7L6 26.43 25.56 51.99 0.56 24.66 51.09 44.93 comp.
U7L8 15.86 21.21 37.07 0.56 20.15 36.01 30.97 tension
U9L8 5.29 16.90 22.19 0.56 12.84 18.13 14.92 comp.
Top chord
Member U1U3
Pmax= 121.72 t
Provide 2ISMC 300 + top plate 0X0 mm thk
Area of the section = 2x46.3+2x0x0+2x0x0+0x0
= 92.6 cm2
Centre of gravity from top =
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x15+0x0x0]/92.6
= 15 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x0^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x15^2
= 12840 cm4
Length of member = 616.00 cm c/c
Leffxx= 0.85x616
= 523.6 cm
rxx= (12840/92.6)^0.5
= 11.78 cms
Zxx = 12840/15
= 856 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 523.6/11.78
44.45
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+0x0^3/12
23889.2 cm4
ryy= 16.06 cms
Lyy/ryy= 523.6/16.06
= 32.6
leff/rmin 44.45 ( Refer Table 11.1 of IRC 24 2001)
Hence Pac = 136.28 Mpa
Hence Capacity of section = 136.28x10.2x92.6/1000
128.72 t grater than 121.72 t hence safe
Member U3U5
Pmax= 209.53 t
Area of the section = 2x46.3+2x0x0+2x0x0+50x1.2
= 152.6 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x16.2+50x1.2x0.6]/152.6
= 10.07 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x6.13^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+50x1.2x9.47^2
= 21700.47 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x616
= 523.6 cm
rxx= (21700.47/152.6)^0.5
= 11.92 cms
Zxx = 21700.47/10.07
= 2154.96 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 523.6/11.92
43.93
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+1.2x50^3/12
36389.2 cm4
ryy= 15.44 cms
Lyy/ryy= 523.6/15.44
= 33.91
Member U5U7
Pmax= 264.67 t
= 192.6 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x17+50x2x1]/192.6
= 8.69 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x8.31^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+50x2x7.69^2
= 25148.2 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x616
= 523.6 cm
rxx= (25148.2/192.6)^0.5
= 11.43 cms
Zxx = 25148.2/8.69
= 2893.92 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 523.6/11.43
45.81
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+2x50^3/12
44722.54 cm4
ryy= 15.24 cms
Lyy/ryy= 523.6/15.24
= 34.36
Member U7U9
Pmax= 292.18 t
= 217.6 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x17.5+50x2.5x1.25]/217.6
= 8.17 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x9.33^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+50x2.5x6.92^2
= 26886.53 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x616
= 523.6 cm
rxx= (26886.53/217.6)^0.5
= 11.12 cms
Zxx = 26886.53/8.17
= 3290.88 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 523.6/11.12
47.09
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+2.5x50^3/12
49930.87 cm4
ryy= 15.15 cms
Lyy/ryy= 523.6/15.15
= 34.56
Bottom chord
Member L0L2
Pmax = 64.84 t
Provide 2ISMC 400+ web plates 0X0 mm thk

Gross area of the section = 2x63.8+2x0x0+2x0x0+0x0
= 127.6 cm2
Dia of bolt used = 2.4
No of bolts in one flange = 1 270
No of bolts in one web = 3
Hence D/d for bolts = 1x1.53x4x2.55+3x0.88x2x2.55
29.07
Hence Net area of the section = 127.6 -29.07
98.53 cm2
Hence Capacity of section = 98.53x1.53
150.75 t safe
Member L2L4
Pmax = 169.91 t

Gross area of the section = 2x63.8+2x0x0+2x30x0.8+0x0
= 175.6 cm2
41.31
134.29 cm2
205.46 t safe
Member L4L6
Pmax = 241.00 t

= 223.6 cm2
53.55
170.05 cm2
260.18 t safe
Member L6L8
Pmax = 282.08 t

= 247.6 cm2
59.67
187.93 cm2
287.53 t safe
Member L8L9
Pmax = 295.64 t

= 223.6 cm2
49.35
174.25 cm2
266.6 t unsafe
Vertcal members
Member U1L1,U3L3,U5L5,U7L7,U9L9
Pmax= 25.15 t
Provide ISMB250
Gross area of the section = 47.6
= 47.6 cm2
No of bolts in flange = 1
No of bolts in web = 2 25
Hence D/d for bolts = 1x1.25x4x1.75+2x0.69x1.75
11.165
36.435 cm2
55.75 t safe
Member U1L0
Pmax= 147.71 t
Provide 2ISMC 300 + top plate 500X8 mm thk+web plt 0X0mm thk
= 132.6 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x15.8+50x0.8x0.4]/132.6
= 11.15 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x4.65^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+50x0.8x10.75^2
= 19464.74 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x701
= 595.85 cm
rxx= (19464.74/132.6)^0.5
= 12.12 cms
Zxx = 19464.74/11.15
= 1745.72 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 595.85/12.12
49.16
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+0.8x50^3/12
32222.54 cm4
ryy= 15.59 cms
Lyy/ryy= 595.85/15.59
= 38.22
Member U3L2
Pmax= 113.98 t
Provide 2ISMC300+ 150X8 th web plt
Area of the section = 2x46.3+2x15x0.8+2x0x0+0x0
= 116.6 cm2
Centre of gravity from top = [(46.3x2+15x0.8x2+0x0x2)x15+0x0x0]/116.6
= 15 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+15x0.8+0x0)x0^2+
0.8x15^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x15^2
= 13290 cm4
rxx= (13290/116.6)^0.5
= 10.68 cms 250
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x10.15^2+15x0.8x12.1^2+0x0x13.28^2)+0x0^3/12
13679.72 cm4
ryy= 10.83 cms
Leff= 0.85x701
= 595.85 cm
rmin = 10.68 cms
leff/rmin 595.85/10.68
= 55.79 ( Refer Table 11.1 of IRC 24 2001)
= 1288.67 kg/cm2
Hence Capacity of section = 1288.67x116.6/1000
150.26 t safe
Member U5L4
Pmax= 81.93 t
Area of the section = 2x39+2x0x0+2x0x0+0x0
= 78 cm2
Centre of gravity from top = [(39x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x12.5+0x0x0]/78
= 12.5 cm
Ixx= 2x(3880+(39+0x0+0x0)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x12.5^2
= 7760 cm4
rxx= (7760/78)^0.5
= 9.97 cms 250
Iyy= 2x(211+39x10.21^2+0x0x12.5^2+0x0x13.22^2)+0x0^3/12
8553.04 cm4
ryy= 10.47 cms
Leff= 0.85x701
= 595.85 cm
rmin = 9.97 cms
leff/rmin 595.85/9.97
= 1248.48 kg/cm2
Hence Capacity of section = 1248.48x78/1000
97.38 t safe
Member U7L6
Pmax= 51.99 t
= 57 cm2
Centre of gravity from top = [(28.5x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x10+0x0x0]/57
= 10 cm
Ixx= 2x(1830+(28.5+0x0+0x0)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x10^2
= 3660 cm4
rxx= (3660/57)^0.5 250
= 8.01 cms
Iyy= 2x(141+28.5x10.32^2+0x0x12.5^2+0x0x13.12^2)+0x0^3/12
6352.64 cm4
ryy= 10.56 cms
Leff= 0.85x701
= 595.85 cm
rmin = 8.01 cms
leff/rmin 595.85/8.01
= 1089.77 kg/cm2
62.12 t safe
Member U9L8
Pmax= 22.19 t
= 42.6 cm2
Centre of gravity from top = [(21.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x7.5+0x0x0]/42.6

= 7.5 cm
Ixx= 2x(788+(21.3+0x0+0x0)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x7.5^2
= 1576 cm4
rxx= (1576/42.6)^0.5
= 6.08 cms 250
Iyy= 2x(103+21.3x10.3^2+0x0x12.5^2+0x0x13.07^2)+0x0^3/12
4725.43 cm4
ryy= 10.53 cms
Leff= 0.85x701
= 595.85 cm
rmin = 6.08 cms
leff/rmin 595.85/6.08
= 98 ( Refer Table 11.1 of IRC 24 2001)
= 839.87 kg/cm2
35.78 t safe
Member U1L2
Pmax= 130.58 t
= 116.6 cm2
Dia of bolt used = 2.2 250
No of bolts in one flange = 0
22.278
94.322 cm2
144.31 t safe
Member U3L4
Pmax= 97.37 t
Gross area of the section = 2x39+2x0x0+2x0x0+0x0
= 78 cm2
6.768
Hence Net area of the section = 78 -6.768
71.232 cm2
108.98 t safe
Member U5L6
Pmax= 66.87 t
= 57 cm2
5.828
51.172 cm2 250
78.29 t safe
Member U7L8
Pmax= 37.07 t
= 42.6 cm2
Hence D/d for bolts = 0x0.9x4x1.75+2x0.57x2x1.75 250
3.99
38.61 cm2
59.07 t safe
6.0 Design of joints
Design constants for bolts
Using 22 mm dia bolts ( turned & fitted bolts ) for all members except Verticals
= 4.16 t
= 4.94 t
thickness of flange of ISMC400 ( 15.3 mm )= 2.55X2.2X1.53
= 8.58 t
= 4.38 t
= 4.04 t
thickness of web of ISMC200 ( 6.2 mm ) = 2.55X2.2X0.62
= 3.48 t
= 3.2 t
Gusset plate ( 8 mm ) = 2.55X2.2X0.8
= 4.49 t
Gusset plate ( 10 mm ) = 2.55X2.2X1
= 5.61 t
= 6.73 t
Using 16 mm dia bolts ( turned & fitted bolts ) for all Verticals and section ISMC150
= 2.2 t
Top chord joints
Joint U1
Force in U1U3 = 121.72 t
No. of bolts in the web = 121.72/4.16 = 29.26 Provide 36 no.s
Force in U1L1 = 25.15 t
Joint U3
Force in top flg + flg. Portion of top plt. = (9X1.36+-13.5X0)/92.6X121.72
= 16.09 t
No. of bolts = 16.09/4.16
= 3.87 Provide 4 no.s
Force in central portion of top plt. = 27X0/92.6X121.72
= 0t
No. of bolts = 0/4.49
= 0 Provide 0 no.s
Force in bottom flg = (9X1.36)/92.6X121.72
= 16.09 t
No. of bolts = 16.09/4.16
Force in web = 121.72 - -16.09X2 - 0 - 16.09X2
= 57.36 t
No. of bolts = 57.36/4.16
Additional force in web of U3U5 = F U3U5 – FU3U1
= 87.81 t
Total force in web of U3U5 = 57.36+87.81
= 145.17 t
No. of bolts = 145.17/4.16
No. of bolts = 25.15/2.2
No. of bolts = 113.98/4.16
No. of bolts = 97.37/4.16
Joint U5
Force in top flg + flg. Portion of top plt. = (9X1.36+11.5X1.2)/152.6X209.53
= 35.75 t
No. of bolts = 35.75/4.16
Force in central portion of top plt. = 27X1.2/152.6X209.53
= 44.49 t
No. of bolts = 44.49/4.16
= 16.81 t
No. of bolts = 16.81/4.16
Force in web = 209.53 - 2X35.75 - 2X16.81 -44.49
= 59.92 t
No. of bolts = 59.92/4.16
= 55.14 t
= 115.06 t
No. of bolts = 115.06/4.16
No. of bolts = 25.15/2.2
No. of bolts = 81.93/4.16
No. of bolts = 66.87/3.48
Joint U7
= 45.16 t
No. of bolts = 45.16/4.16
= 74.21 t
No. of bolts = 74.21/4.16
Force in bottom flg. = 9X1.36/152.6X264.67
= 21.23 t
No. of bolts = 21.23/4.16
Force in web = 264.67 - 2X45.16 - 74.21 - 2X21.23
= 57.68 t
No. of bolts = 57.68/4.16
= 27.51 t
= 85.19 t
No. of bolts = 85.19/4.16
No. of bolts = 25.15/2.2
No. of bolts = 51.99/3.48
No. of bolts = 37.07/2.2
Joint U9
Force in top flg + flg. Portion of top plt. = (9X1.36+11.5X2)/192.6X292.18
= 53.46 t
No. of bolts = 53.46/4.16
= 81.92 t
No. of bolts = 81.92/4.16
= 18.57 t
No. of bolts = 18.57/4.16
Force in web = 292.18 - 2X53.46 - 81.92 - 2X18.57
= 66.2 t
No. of bolts = 66.2/4.16
No. of bolts = 25.15/2.2
No. of bolts = 22.19/2.2
Bottom chord joints
Joint L0
Force in L0L1L2 = 64.84 t
No. of bolts in the web = 64.84/4.16
Joint L2
Force in top/bottom flange = (10 - 1X2.55)X1.53/98.53X64.84
= 7.5 t
No. of bolts = 7.5/4.16
Force in web = 64.84 - 4x7.5
= 34.84 t
No. of bolts = 34.84/4.16
Force in L2L4 = 169.91 t
Additional force in web of L2L4 = F L2L4 – FL2L0
= 105.07 t
Total force in web of L2L4 = 34.84+105.07
= 139.91 t
No. of bolts = 139.91/4.16
Joint L4
Force in bottom flange = (10 - 1X2.55)X1.53/134.29X169.91
= 14.42 t
No. of bolts = 14.42/4.16
Force in web = 169.91 - 4X14.42
= 112.23 t
No. of bolts = 112.23/4.16
= 71.09 t
= 183.32 t
No. of bolts = 183.32/4.16
Joint L6
Force in bottom flange = (10 - 1X2.55)X1.53/170.05X241
= 16.15 t
No. of bolts = 16.15/4.16
Force in web = 241 - 4X16.15
= 176.40 t
No. of bolts = 176.4/4.16
= 41.08 t
= 217.48 t
No. of bolts = 217.48/4.16
Joint L8
Force in top / bottom flange = (10 - 1X2.55)X1.53/187.93X282.08
= 17.11 t
No. of bolts = 17.11/4.16
Force in web = 282.08 - 4X17.11
= 213.64 t
No. of bolts = 213.64/4.16
Additional force in web of L8L10 = F L8L9L10 – FL8L7L6
= 13.56 t
= 227.20 t
No. of bolts = 227.2/4.16
7.0 Design of splices
In the main girder splices have been provided at every joint in top and bottom chord
i.e. at U3,U5,U7,U9 at top chord and L2,L4,L6,L8 in the bottom chord.
Top chord
Joints – U3
Section = 2ISMC 300 + top plate 0X0 mm thk
Top flange
Net area of flange = (9 - 2.35 )x1.36X2 + (0 - 2.35X1)X0
= 18.09 cm2
Net area of splice plate (B) 90X16 mm th = (9-0.1)x1.6X2
= 28.48 cm2
>1.05x18.09
= 18.99 cm2 okay
Bottom flange
Net area of flange = (9 - 2.35 )x1.36
= 9.04 cm2
Net area of splice plate (B) 90X16 mm th = (9-2.35)x1.6
= 10.64 cm2
>1.05x9.04
= 9.49 cm2 okay
Web
Net area of the web = (30 - 1.36X2 - 2.35X3)x0.78
= 15.78 cm2
Net area of splice plate (A) 200X16 mm th = (20-2.35X3)x1.6
= 20.72 cm2
>1.05x15.78
= 16.57 cm2 okay
Joints –U5
Top flange
Net area of flange = (9 - 2.35 )x1.36X2 + (50 - 2.35X4)X1.2
= 66.81 cm2
Net area of splice plate (B) 500X20 mm th = (50-2.35X4)x2
= 81.2 cm2
>1.05x66.81
= 70.15 cm2 okay
Bottom flange Same as that for bottom flg of U3
Web Same as that for web of U3
Joints –U7
Top flange
Net area of flange = (9 - 2.35 )x1.36X2 + (50 - 2.35X4)X2
= 99.29 cm2
Net area of splice plate (B) 500X28 mm th = (50-2.35X4)x2.8
= 113.68 cm2
>1.05x99.29
= 104.25 cm2 okay
Joints –U9
Top flange
= 119.59 cm2
= 129.92 cm2
>1.05x119.59
= 125.57 cm2 okay
Bottom chord
Joints – L2
Section = 2ISMC 400+ web plates 0X0 mm thk
Top/Bottom flange
Net area of flange = (10 - 1X2.35 )x1.53
= 11.7 cm2
Net area of splice plate (B) 100X20 mm th = (10-1X2.35)x2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
Web
Net area of the web = (40 - 1.53x2 - 2.35X3)x0.88
= 26.3 cm2
= 36.72 cm2
>1.05x26.3
= 27.62 cm2 okay
Joints – L4
Top/Bottom flange
= 11.7 cm2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
Net area of the web = (40 - 1.53x2 - 2.35X3)x0.88+(30 - 3X2.35)X0.8
= 44.66 cm2
= 50.49 cm2
>1.05x44.66
= 46.89 cm2 okay
Joints – L6
Top/Bottom flange
= 11.7 cm2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
= 63.02 cm2
= 73.44 cm2
>1.05x63.02
= 66.17 cm2 okay
Joints – L8
Top/Bottom flange
= 11.7 cm2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
Web
Net area of the web = (40 - 1.53x2 - 2.35X3)x0.88+(30 - 3X2.35)X2
= 72.2 cm2
= 82.62 cm2
>1.05x72.2
= 75.81 cm2 okay
Joints – L9
Top/Bottom flange
= 11.7 cm2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
Web
= 63.02 cm2
Net area of splice plate (A) 300X40 mm th = (30-2.35X3)x4
= 91.8 cm2
>1.05x63.02
= 66.17 cm2 okay
8.0 Design of wind bracings
Calculations of wind force for full length
Exposed area of Top chord = 0.32X44.52
= 14.25 m2
Exposed area of Bottom chord = 0.4X51.84
= 20.74 m2
Exposed area of Verticals(average) = 0.2X6.3X9
= 11.34 m2
Exposed area of Diagonals( average) = 0.3x7.01x18
= 37.85 m2
Exposed area of Top chord gusset plates = 0.5X14.25
= 7.13 m2
Exposed area of Bottom chord gusset plates = 0.5X20.74
= 10.37 m2
Total exposed area of Truss Girder = 7.13+37.85+11.34+20.74+14.25+10.37
101.68 m2
Total exposed area with 50% for leeward side = 101.68X1.5
= 152.52 m2
Exposed area of Steel deck ( stringers+steel deck +kerbs)= 51.84x(0+0.265+0.275x1.5)
= 35.12 m2
Total exposed area of the bridge = 152.52+35.12
= 187.64 m2 say 200 m2
Top chord bracing
Total exposed area of the bridge for top/bottom chord = 152.52/2
= 76.26 m2 say 90 m2
Assuming wind force @ 110 kg/m2
Wind force = 90X110
= 9900 kg loaded structure
Wind force @ 225 kg/m = 51.84X225
Wind force @ 240 kg/m2 = 90X240
21600 kg unloaded structure
Hence Maximum wind force = 21600 kg
Wind force per panel point = 21600/8
= 2700 kg
Reaction at support = 10800 kg
Wind force in braces ( unloaded structure governs the design )
First panel = (10800 - 0.5X2700)X8.09/5.25
= 14562 kg
Second panel = (10800 - 1.5X2700)X8.09/5.25
= 10402 kg
Third panel = (10800 - 2.5X2700)X8.09/5.25
= 6241 kg
Fourth panel = (10800 - 3.5X2700)X8.09/5.25
= 2081 kg
Additional forces in top chord members truss loaded structure
Members Force in one girder due to kg
U1U3 (5832X3.08 - 364.5X3.08)/5.25 3208.00 compression
U3U5 (5467.5X9.24 - 729X3.08)/5.25 9196.00 compression
U5U7 (5467.5X15.4 - 729X4X3.08)/5.25 14328.00 compression
Design of diagonal braces
Panel 1
Pmax= 14562 kg
Provide 2ISA 75X75X8
Check for tension
Gross area of the section = 11.38 cm2
Dia of bolt used = 1.6 cms
Area of connected leg = (7.5 - 0.4 - 1.6)X0.8X2
8.8 cm2
Area of outstand leg = (7.5 - 0.4 )X0.8X2
11.36 cm2
k = 8.8X5/(8.8X5+11.36)
= 0.79
Net area of the section, An = 8.8+0.79X11.36
= 17.77 cm2
Hence Capacity of section = 17.77x1530X1.25
33985.13 kg > 14562 kg hence safe
Check for compression
Provide2ISA 75x75x8
Area of the section = 11.38X2
= 22.76 cm2
ru = 2.88 cms star type
Leff= 0.85x404.5
= 343.825 cm
Leff/r= 343.825/2.88
= 119.38
Hence Pac = 64.13 ( Refer Table 11.1 of IRC 24 2001)
= 654.13 kg/cm2
Hence Capacity of section = 654.13x22.76X1.25
= 18609.88 kg > 14562 kg hence safe
Panel 2,3,4 and 5
Pmax= 10402 kg
Check for tension
7.2 cm2
9.76 cm2
k = 7.2X5/(7.2X5+9.76)
= 0.79
= 14.91 cm2
28515.38 kg > 10402 kg hence safe
Provide2ISA 65x65x8
= 19.52 cm2
ru = 2.47 cms star type
Leff= 0.85x404.5
= 343.825 cm
Leff/r= 343.825/2.47
= 139.2
= 521.32 kg/cm2
= 12720.26 kg > 10402 kg hence safe
Design of joints
Using 16 mm dia bolts ( turned & fitted bolts )
Capacity of 16 mm dia bolt in single Shear = 2.01X1.095X1.25
= 2.75 t
thickness of web of Angle ( 8 mm )= 2.55X1.6X0.8X1.25
= 4.08 t
Bolt value = 2.75 t
Force in panel 1 = 14.56 t
No. of bolts = 14.562/2.75
No. of bolts = 10.402/2.75
No. of bolts = 6.241/2.75
No. of bolts = 2.081/2.75
Portal bracing for end diagonals
wind reaction from top chord = 10800 kg 1.4 2.45 1.4
Addl. lateral load due to end post comp.= 2.5/100X147.71X1000 c d e f
= 3692.75 kg b m g 1.4
Total lateral load = 14492.75 kg 2.81
Vertical force due to overturning = 14492.75X4.21/5.25 7.01 a h
= 11621.81 kg 2.81
Bending moment at d/e = 7246.375X4.21 - 11621.81X1.4 5.25
= 14236.7 kgm
Maximum force in ef = (7246.375X2.81)/1.4
14544.51 kg
Maximum force in cd = (7246.375X2.81+14492.75X1.4)/1.4
29037.26 kg
Maximum force in de = 7246.375 kg
Perpedicular distance cm = 1.4Xcos45
= 0.99 m
Force in Knee force = 7246.375X4.21/0.99
= 30815.39 kg
Span of knee brace = 2X1.4Xcos45
= 1.98 m
Design of Portal members
Member cf
Force Fac = 29.04 t
BM Fbc = 14.24 tm
Provide 2ISMC400
= 127.6 cm2
Centre of gravity from top = [(63.8x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x20+0x0x0]/127.6 10
= 20 cm
Ixx= 2x(15200+(63.8+0x0+0x0)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x20^2
= 30400 cm4
rxx= (30400/127.6)^0.5
= 15.44 cms
Zxx = 30400/20
= 1520 cm3
Iyy= 2x(508+63.8x2.92^2+0x0x0.5^2+0x0x1.38^2)+0x0^3/12
2103.97 cm4
ryy= 4.06 cms
Length of member = 525 cm c/c
Leff= 0.85x525
= 446.25 cm
Leffxx/rxx= 446.25/15.44
= 28.9
Leffyy/ryy= 446.25/4.06
= 109.91
Calculations leff/rmin 109.91
93.24 t > 29.04 t hence safe
Caclulation Fcb = k1(x+k2.y).c2/c1
for d/t= 40/1.53
26.14
& Leff/rmin = 109.91 c2/c1= 1.00
x= 219.37x[{(1+(1/20)x(109.91/26.14)^2)}]^0.5
301.10
y= 26.5x10^5/109.91^2
219.37
k1= 1.00 k2= 0.00
Fcb = 1(301.1+0x219.37)1
301.10
Hence allowable bending stress scb = 0.66x301.1x250/(301.1^1.4+250^1.4)^(1/1.4)

= 1118.99 say 1118.99 kg/cm2
Hence allowable bending capacity = Pcb = 1118.99X1520X10^-5
= 17.01 tm > 14.24 tm hence safe
= Fa/Pac + Fbc/Pbc
= 29.04/93.24 + 14.24/17.01
= 1.15 Less than 1.25 hence safe
Knee brace de
Provide2ISA 75x75x8
Area of the section = 2x11.38
= 22.76 cm2
Ixx= 2x59
= 118 cm4 8
rxx= (118/22.76)^0.5
= 2.28 cms
Iyy= 2x(59+11.38x2.54^2)
= 264.84 cm4
ryy= 3.41 cms
Leff= 0.85x198
= 168.3 cm
Leffyy/ryy= 168.3/3.41
= 49.35
Leffxx/rxx= 0.7X198/2.28
= 60.79
leff/rmin 60.79
= 1237.77 kg/cm2
= 35214.56 kg > 30815.39 kg hence safe
Sway bracing for top chord
Additional lateral load = 2.5/100X292.18X1000 c d e f
= 7304.5 kg b m g 1.2
= 7146.07 kg 2.55
= 10183.15 kgm
20634.28 kg
10629.78 kg
Maximum force in de = 1350 kg
Perpendicular distance cm = 1.2Xcos45
= 0.85 m
= 22068.75 kg
= 1.7 m
Design of Lateral members
Member cf
Force Fac = 20.63 t
Area of the section = 32.3+0X0+0X0+0X0+0X0

= 32.3+0+0+0+0
= 32.3 cm2
C.G. of the section from bottom = (32.3X10+0X20+0X0+0X10+0X10)/32.3
= 10 cm
Ixx = 2235.4+32.3X0^2+0X0^3/12+0X10^2+0X0^3/12+0X10^2+
0X0^3/12+0X0^2+0X0^3/12+0X0^2
= 2235.4 cm4
Iyy = 150+0X0^3/12+0X0^2+0X0^3/12+0X0^2+0X0^3/12+
0X0.285^2+0X0^3/12+0X0.285^2
= 150 cm4
Zxxtop = 2235.4/(20 - 10)
= 223.54 cm3
Zxxbottom = 2235.4/10
= 223.54 cm3
rxx = (2235.4/32.3)^0.5
= 8.32
ryy = (150/32.3)^0.5
= 2.15
Leff= 0.85x525
= 446.25 cm
Leffxx/rxx= 446.25/8.32
= 53.64
Leffyy/ryy= 446.25/2/2.15
= 103.78
Calculations for allowable axial capacity
leff/rmin 103.78
25.36 t > 20.63 t hence safe
Knee brace de
Provide2ISA 65x65x8
= 19.52 cm2
Ixx= 2x59 8
= 118 cm4
rxx= (118/19.52)^0.5
= 2.46 cms
Iyy= 2x(59+9.76x2.29^2)
= 220.36 cm4
ryy= 3.36 cms
Leff= 0.85x170
= 144.5 cm
= 43.01
= 48.37
leff/rmin 48.37
= 1357.62 kg/cm2
= 26500.74 kg > 22068.75 kg hence safe
Bottom chord bracing
Total exposed area of the bridge for top/bottom chord = 152.52/2 + 35.12
= 111.38 m2 say 125 m2
Wind force = 125X110 + 31.84X300
= 20302 kg
Wind force @ 450 kg/m = 51.84X450
= 23328 kg
30000 kg
b) Lateral forces due to seismic
z= Seismic zone factor 0.24 for Zone IV
0.12x2.5x1/2.5
Horizontal seismic coefficient = 0.12
Vertical seismic coefficient = 0.08
Dead load effects
Total dead load of the superstructure = 11X14X2
= 308 t
Horizontal force due to dead load = 0.12X308
= 36.96 t
Live loads effects ( Double lane of IRC CLASS A vehicle governs)
Maximum live load on the bridge = 55.4X2
= 110.8 t
Horizontal force due to live load = 6.65 t
(taking into account 50% of live load)
Total horizontal force = 36.96+6.65
= 43.61 t
Hence Maximum horizontal force = 43.61 t
Force in bottom chord = 43.61
= 43.61 t
Force per panel point = 43.61/9
= 4.85 t
Reaction at support = 21.805 t
Wind force in braces unloaded structue
First panel = (21.805 - 0.5X4.85)X8.09/5.25
= 30 t
Second panel = (21.805 - 1.5X4.85)X8.09/5.25
= 23 t
Third panel = (21.805 - 2.5X4.85)X8.09/5.25
= 15 t
Fourth panel = (21.805 - 3.5X4.85)X8.09/5.25
= 8 t
Fifth panel = (21.805 -4.5X4.85)X8.09/5.25
= -1 t
Additional forces in bottom chord members truss due to wind loaded structure
L0L1L2 (21.81X3.08 - 2.425X3.08)/5.25 12.00 tension
L2L3L4 (19.385X9.24 - 4.85X3.08)/5.25 32.00 tension
L4L5L6 (19.385X15.4 - 4.85X4X3.08)/5.25 46.00 tension
L6L7L8 (19.385X21.56 - 4.85X9X3.08)/5.25 54.00 tension
L8L9L10 (19.385X27.72 - 4.85X16X3.08)/5.25 57.00 tension
L10L11 (19.385X33.88 - 4.85X25X3.08)/5.25 54.00 tension
Since the bottom chord is stiffened with Solid RCC deck there is no need of bottom chord bracing
as RCC deck will take care of lateral forces due to wind
Overturning Effects due to wind
Max horizontal force due to wind at top chord = 11.66 t loaded structure
Height of truss = 6.3 m
Distance between trusses = 5.25 m
Additional vertical load at bottom chord = 11.66X6.3/5.25
= 13.99 t
Additional vertical load per panel point due to overturning = 13.99/14
= 1 t
Dead load per panel point = 11 t
Fraction of additional per panel point due to overturning = 1/11
= 0.09
Forces due to Forces due to wind
Live load due to due to total due to
Members with impact Dead + overturning top and portal and total dead+live+
Dead load and reaction Live load 0.09*a bottom chord sway effect wind
(a) factor(b) c=a+b d e f g=d+e+f 0.8(c + g)
(t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t)
L0L2 39.45 25.39 64.84 3.55 12.00 0.00 15.55 64.31
L2L4 104.42 65.49 169.91 9.40 32.00 0.00 41.40 169.05
L4L6 150.84 90.16 241.00 13.58 46.00 0.00 59.58 240.46
L6L8 178.68 103.40 282.08 16.08 54.00 0.00 70.08 281.73
L8L9 187.96 107.67 295.63 16.92 57.00 0.00 73.92 295.64
U1U3 74.26 47.46 121.72 6.68 3.21 0.00 9.89 105.29
U3U5 129.95 79.58 209.53 11.70 9.20 0.00 20.90 184.34
U5U7 167.08 97.59 264.67 15.04 14.33 0.00 29.37 235.23
U7U9 185.64 106.54 292.18 16.71 18.61 0.00 35.32 262.00
U1L1 9.50 15.65 25.15 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.86 20.81
U3L3 9.50 15.65 25.15 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.86 20.81
U5L5 9.50 15.65 25.15 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.86 20.81
U7L7 9.50 15.65 25.15 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.86 20.81
U9L9 9.50 15.65 25.15 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.86 20.81
U1L0 89.87 57.84 147.71 8.09 0.00 0.00 8.09 124.64
U1L2 79.30 51.28 130.58 7.14 0.00 0.00 7.14 110.18
U3L2 68.72 45.26 113.98 6.18 0.00 0.00 6.18 96.13
U3L4 58.15 39.22 97.37 5.23 0.00 0.00 5.23 82.08
U5L4 47.58 34.35 81.93 4.28 0.00 0.00 4.28 68.97
U5L6 37.01 29.86 66.87 3.33 0.00 0.00 3.33 56.16
U7L6 26.43 25.56 51.99 2.38 0.00 0.00 2.38 43.50
U7L8 15.86 21.21 37.07 1.43 0.00 0.00 1.43 30.80
U9L8 5.29 16.90 22.19 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.48 18.14
9.0 Design of battening

For Top Chords and End post
Pmax.= 292.18 t
For Top Chords
Spacing of battens S should be such that S/rmin should not be more than 50 or 0.7x43.93=31
S = 31X2.82
= 87.42 cms
For end post
S = 35X2.82
= 98.7 cms
Minimum distance between c/c of welds = 27 + 9
= 36 cms
Effective length of end battens = 37.5 cms
Width of end batten = 37.5 cms
Thickness of battens = 37.5/50
= 0.75 cms say 0.8 cms
Provide end Batten = (375X375X8)mm
Effective length of intermediate Battens = 37.5 cms
Width of intermediate Batten = 3/4x37.5
= 28.125 cms say 29
Provide intermediate Batten = (375X290X8)mm
Check for end batten
Transverse Shear,V= 1/2X2.5/100X292.18
= 3.66 t
Longitudinal Shear,Q1= 3.66x87.42/(2X37.5)
= 4.27 t
Moment= (3.66x87.42)/(2X2)
= 79.99 t-cm
Longitudinal shear stress = (4.27x10^3)/(37.5x0.8)
= 142.33 Kg/cm2 less than 1096.5 Kg/cm2 hence safe
Bending stress= 79.99x10^3/(1/6x37.5^2x0.8)
= 426.61 Kg/cm2 less than 1530 Kg/cm2 hence safe
σc.cal= ((σbt.cal)^2+3(tvcal)2)^0.5
= (426.61^2+3x142.33^2)^0.5
Alternate design of lacing for top Chord and end post
Maximum force = 292.18 t
Force in a lacing bar = ½ X2.5/100X292.18/cos45
= 5.17 t
Eff. Length of lacing bar = 36/cos45
= 50.91 cms
Spacing of lacing S should be such that S/rmin should not be more than 50 or 0.7x49.16=35
S = 50.91xsin45X2
= 36.00 cms
rmin = 2.82
S/rmin= 36/2.82
= 12.77 safe
Using 28 mm dia lacing bar
Area of bar = 6.16 cm2
r = 2.8/4
= 0.7 cm
l/rmin = 50.91/0.7
= 72.73
6.83 t safe
For Bottom chord
Pmax.= 295.64 t
Spacing of battens S should be such that S/rmin should not be more than 300
S = 300X2.82
= 846 cms
However provide spacing = 100 cms c/c
= 37 cms
= 18.75 cms say 19
= 3.7 t
Longitudinal Shear,Q1= 3.7x100/(2X37.5)
= 4.94 t
Moment= (3.7x100)/(2X2)
= 92.5 t-cm
= (493.33^2+3x164.67^2)^0.5
For Verticals and Diagonals in tension
Pmax.= 130.58 t
S = 300X2.2
= 660 cms
Minimum distance between c/c of welds = 27 - 10
= 17 cms
= 8.75 cms say 9
= 1.64 t
= 4.22 t
Moment= (1.64x90)/(2X2)
= 36.9 t-cm
= (903.67^2+3x301.43^2)^0.5
For Diagonals in compression
Pmax.= 113.98 t
S = 40X2.2
= 88 cms
= 16 cms
= 13.125 cms say 14
= 1.43 t
= 3.6 t
Moment= (1.43x88)/(2X2)
= 31.46 t-cm
= (770.45^2+3x257.14^2)^0.5
10.0 Deflection of main steel truss
Members Length Force due Area Force due PL/A UPL/A Total
to dead + tounit load x1000 x1000 x1000
( cms) live load (t) (cm2) (t) kg/cm kg/cm kg/cm
L P A U D DxU 2xDxU
L0L2 616.00 57.63 127.60 0.24 278.21 66.77 133.54
L2L4 616.00 156.75 175.60 0.73 549.87 401.41 802.82
L4L6 616.00 233.51 223.60 1.22 643.30 784.83 1569.66
L6L8 616.00 280.04 247.60 1.71 696.71 1191.37 2382.74
L8L9 308.00 295.63 223.60 2.20 407.22 895.88 1791.76
U1U3 616.00 109.89 92.60 0.49 731.02 358.20 716.40
U3U5 616.00 198.23 152.60 0.98 800.19 784.19 1568.38
U5U7 616.00 260.78 192.60 1.47 834.06 1226.07 2452.14
U7U9 616.00 291.30 217.60 1.95 824.64 1608.04 3216.08
U1L1 630.00 14.76 47.60 0.00 195.35 0.00 0.00
U3L3 630.00 11.02 47.60 0.00 145.85 0.00 0.00
U5L5 630.00 16.39 47.60 0.00 216.93 0.00 0.00
U7L7 630.00 16.39 47.60 0.00 216.93 0.00 0.00
U9L9 630.00 25.15 47.60 1.00 332.87 332.87 665.74
U1L0 701.00 131.30 132.60 0.56 694.13 388.71 777.42
U1L2 701.00 119.03 116.60 0.56 715.61 400.74 801.48
U3L2 701.00 106.76 116.60 0.56 641.84 359.43 718.86
U3L4 701.00 94.50 78.00 0.56 849.29 475.60 951.20
U5L4 701.00 80.37 78.00 0.56 722.30 404.49 808.98
U5L6 701.00 63.36 57.00 0.56 779.22 436.36 872.72
U7L6 701.00 51.09 57.00 0.56 628.32 351.86 703.72
U7L8 701.00 36.01 42.60 0.56 592.56 331.83 663.67
U9L8 701.00 18.13 42.60 0.56 298.34 167.07 334.14
TOTAL 21931.44
Deflection at centre of truss due to dead and live load
∆ = UPL/AE
Where UPL/A= 21931.44x1000
= 21931440 kg/cm
E = 2040000 kg/cm2
∆ = 21931440/2040000
= 10.75 cms
Allowable deflection = span/600
= 5124/600
= 8.54 cms less than 10.75 cms hence camber is provided
11.0 Camber for main steel truss
(Refer Appendix A for Member forces )
to dead + to unit load x1000 x1000 x1000
L P A U D DxU 2xDxU
L0L2 616.00 53.09 127.60 0.24 256.27 61.51 123.01
L2L4 616.00 143.67 175.60 0.73 503.98 367.91 735.81
L4L6 616.00 212.84 223.60 1.22 586.36 715.36 1430.73
L6L8 616.00 254.70 247.60 1.71 633.66 1083.57 2167.13
L8L9 308.00 268.71 223.60 2.20 370.14 814.31 1628.62
U1U3 616.00 100.98 92.60 0.49 671.76 329.16 658.33
U3U5 616.00 181.16 152.60 0.98 731.29 716.66 1433.32
U5U7 616.00 237.36 192.60 1.47 759.14 1115.94 2231.88
U7U9 616.00 264.89 217.60 1.95 749.86 1462.22 2924.45
U1L1 630.00 13.45 47.60 0.00 177.95 0.00 0.00
U3L3 630.00 10.64 47.60 0.00 140.82 0.00 0.00
U5L5 630.00 14.67 47.60 0.00 194.13 0.00 0.00
U7L7 630.00 14.67 47.60 0.00 194.13 0.00 0.00
U9L9 630.00 21.24 47.60 1.00 281.08 281.08 562.17
U1L0 701.00 120.94 132.60 0.56 639.37 358.05 716.10
U1L2 701.00 109.10 116.60 0.56 655.89 367.30 734.60
U3L2 701.00 97.25 116.60 0.56 584.67 327.41 654.83
U3L4 701.00 85.41 78.00 0.56 767.62 429.87 859.73
U5L4 701.00 72.17 78.00 0.56 648.63 363.23 726.46
U5L6 701.00 56.77 57.00 0.56 698.20 390.99 781.99
U7L6 701.00 44.93 57.00 0.56 552.50 309.40 618.80
U7L8 701.00 30.97 42.60 0.56 509.66 285.41 570.82
U9L8 701.00 14.92 42.60 0.56 245.51 137.49 274.98
TOTAL 19833.75
∆ = UPL/AE
Where UPL/A= 19833.75x1000
= 19833750 kg/cm
E = 2040000 kg/cm2
∆ = 19833750/2040000
= 9.72 cms say 18.00 cms
Camber co-ordinates for other panel points
Y= ax2 For x= 25620 mm
Y= 180 mm
gives => a = 180/25620^2
= 2.7E-07
X 0.00 2846.67 8540.00 14233.33 19926.67 25620.00
Node L9 L8 L6 L4 L2 L0
Y 0.00 2.22 20.00 55.56 108.89 180.00
Y' 180.00 177.78 160.00 124.44 71.11 0.00
12.0 Check for bearing at support

Refer cl. 508.11.1 of IRC 24 - 2001
Load = 55+70.03 From computer out put
= 125.03 t
Clear depth of web d3 = 33.28 cms
Thickness of web t = 0.88 cms
d3*sqrt(3)/t = 33.28XSQRT(3)/0.88
= 65.5
Бac for slenderness ratio of 65.5 = 116.43 N/mm2
( Refer Table 11.1 of IRC 24 2001)
Length of stiff portion,B = 40 cms
Capacity of the web = бac xt xB= (116.43x10.2x0.88x40X2)/1000
= 83.61 t
< 125.03 t hence,load bearing stiffener is reqd.
Provide 1 nos 75X16 mm thk plt as load bearing stiffener spaced at 0 cms c/c
Effective length of web = 2X20X0.88+0
= 35.2 cms
Area= 1x(7.5x1.6)+(35.2x0.88)
= 42.98 cm2
Ixx= 1x((1.6x7.5^3/12)+1.6x7.5x(3.75+0.44)^2) 0
= 266.92 cm4
rxx= SQRT(266.92/42.98)
= 2.49 cm
Length of the stiffener = 40 cms 35.2
L/rxx= (0.7x40)/2.49
= 11.24
Capacity of the web with web stiffener = (149.67x10.2x42.98X2)/1000
= 131.23 t
> 125.03 t hence safe .
12.0 Design of bearings
Refer Appendix A for Loads
Span (c/c of bearings ) = 51.24 m
Total dead load of superstructure = 11X14X2
= 308 t
Dead Load Reaction per Bearing = 77 t
Live loads ( IRC Class A vehicle governs the design ) refer computer output file
Total dead load of superstructure on one Abutment = 154 t
Live load reaction at A ( live load + foot load ) = 56.68 t
Live load reaction at B ( live load + foot load ) = 51.83 t
Live load reaction at A ( foot load only ) = 13.68 t
Live load reaction at B ( foot load only ) = 13.68 t
Live load reaction at A ( live load only ) = 43 t
Live load reaction at B (live load only ) = 38.15 t
Reaction factor = 0.66
Braking force ' H ' = 0.2x0.77X55.4+0.10x0.77X50 = 10.61 t
Maximum horizontal force = H -0.03x(RDL+RLL) Or H/2+0.03x(RDL+RLL)
H= 10.61 t RDL = 77 t
Maximum horizontal force on rocker bearing = 10.61-0.03x(77+38.15)
7.16 t
Or 10.61/2+0.03x(77+38.15)
8.76 t
Loads on bearings
Distance between centre of bearing and top of road 1.2 m
Modification in Reaction at Bearing Level = 10.61/51.24x(1.2+1.2)
0.5 t
Modified Live Load reaction at A ( fixed end ) = 43 - 0.5 42.5 t
Modified Live Load reaction at B ( free end ) = 38.15+0.5 38.65 t
Seismic Loads and Forces
z= Seismic zone factor 0.24
Coefficient for 5% damping 2.5 for medium foundation soils
Ah= Horizontal seismic coefficient z/2xSa/gxI/R
= 0.12x2.5x1/2.5
0.12
Horizontal seismic force on dead load only = 0.12x308
= 36.96 t
This force will be taken by rocker bearings only
Hence horizontal force per Rocker bearing = 36.96/2
= 18.48 t
Vertical seismic force on Superstructure = 0.06x308
= 18.48 t
Load per Bearing = 18.48/4
= 4.62 t
Hence Max horizontal force on rocker bearing = 8.76 t Normal case
= 8.76+18.48= 27.24 t Seismic case
Maximum horizontal force on roller bearing = 0.03x(R DL
+R LL
)
= 0.03x(77+43)
3.6 t Normal case
= 3.6+0.03x4.62
= 3.74 t Seismic case
Summary of Loads & forces on Bearings
Type of Bearings Vertcal Loads ( t ) Horizontal forces ( t )
Rocker Normal 77+43 + 13.68 8.76
133.68 say = 143
Seismic 143+4.62 8.76+18.48
147.62 say = 149 = 27.24
Roller Normal 143 3.6
Seismic 149 3.74
Deck movement at roller end for a variation of 68 degree Celcius in temprature
( refer cl 218.4 of IRC for moderate climate )
117x10-7x85x51.24x10^3
50.96 mm
say 56 mm
Design of Rocker Bearing
Top Plate 400
top plt.
70 143 t 45
8.76 25
70
280 bottom plt.
400
Size of top plate assumed = 750x400x70th
Size of bottom plate assumed = 750x400x70th
Check for contact pressure
As per cl 907.1.2.1 of IRC:83 ( part 1) -1999 max despersion is limited to
2H:IV for vertical load
Contact pressure at top of rocker plate = 143x10^3/75x28 + 8.76x10^3x7x6/75x40^2
68.1 + 3.07
Refering to cl 907.1.3 of IRC:83(part1) -1999
sco,cal/sco + sc,cal/sc < 1
= 68.1/1897 + 3.07/1530
0.036 + 0.002
= 0.038 <1 safe
Check for stresses in plate
For determining max BM at the centre of plate full width of plate is taken effective as this
gives higher value of BM
Pressures = 143x10^3/75x40 + 8.76x10^3x7x6/75x40^2
47.67 + 3.07
Pmax = 50.74
Pmin = 44.6
50.74
44.6
200 200
Mam BM at centre of the plate = (47.67+2x50.74)x20^2/6

9943.33 kgcm/cm
Assuming 4 nos 32 mm dia pins , width of recess required as per cl 907.4.2.2
= 32+2.5 = 34.5 mm
Or 32x1.1 = 35.2 mm Adopt 34.5 mm
Hence effective length of top plate = 750 -4x34.5
612 mm
Section modulus Zreqd. = 9943.33x75/1530
= 487.42 cm3
Thickness of plate reqd. = (487.42x6/61.2)^0.5
6.91 cm Less than 7 cm hence safe
Radius of curvature required for rocker plate
(cl 906.5.1) = 143x10^3x9.807/2x8x612
143.22 mm
However from practical consideration provide 812.5 mm
400
r =812.5 top plt.
70 45
h
h= 2x812.5x-+(1625^2-400^2)^0.5/2
25 mm say 25 mm
Design of bottom plate
143 t
8.76
70
280 bottom plt.
400
68.1 + 3.07
= 68.1/72.12 + 3.07/68.03
= 0.94 + 0.04
= 0.98 ~1 o.k.
Thickness of the plate as checked for top plate is o.k.
Rocker pins
4 nos 32 mm dia pins are provided
Shear capacity of pins ( normal case ) = 4x8.04x1020/1000
= 32.81 t safe
Shear capacity of pins ( seismic case ) = 32.81x1
= 32.81 t safe
Anchor bolts
8 nos 25 mm dia bolts are provided
= 33.38 t safe
= 33.38 t safe
Design of Roller bearing
400
143 t
3.6
MS Rollers 2 nos 165 mm dia 55
and 750 mm long saddle plt.
B A
55
400
215 bottom plt

Size of saddle plate assumed = 750x400x55th
No preset is provided as it is not possible to lay down a limitation on the working shedule
for fixing of bearing . Therefore C.G. of saddle plate will be eccentric with
respect to bottom plate by 56 mm. Likewise th C.G. of rollers will be eccentric with respect
to saddle plate on top and bottom plate by 56/2 mm i.e.28 mm each
Check for roller
Spacing between rollers = 215 mm
Distance of vertical load (due to shifted position of saddle plate w.r.t. roller) from roller A
= 215/2-28 79.5 mm
Hence Max reaction on roller A = 143x(215 - 79.5 )+3.6x5.5/215
= 90.22 t
Reaction at roller B = 143 - 90.22
= 52.78 t
Capacity of each roller 165 mm dia and 722 mm long after allowing for 14 mm recesss
for 2 nos 12 mm dia lugs
Capacity of roller A = 8x165x(750-2x14)x0.1071/1000 = 102.07 t
safe
Saddle plate
Min width of saddle plate as per cl. 907.2. of IRC 83 (part 1) 1999
= 215+55x2+10
335 mm
Min thickness = 215/4 = 53.75 mm
Try 750x400x55th saddle plate
400
143 t
3.6
55
220 bottom plt.
215
400
Maxm BM about th centre line of the saddle plate =
= 143x10^3x215/220x21.5/8+3.6x10^3x5.5/21.5)x21.5/2
= 307450 + 9900
= 317350 kgcm
Assuming 4 nos 12 mm size lugs , width of recess required as per cl 907.4.2.2
= 12+2 = 14 mm
Hence effective length of top plate = 750 - 4x14
694 mm
Section modulus Zreqd. = 317350/1530
= 207.42 cm3
4.23 cm 4.23 < 5.5 hence safe
143 centre line of shifted roller assembly
centre line of bottom plt
52.78 90.22
B 3.6 A
55
120.5 135.5 64.5
79.5
400
Contact pressure at top of rocker plate
= 143x10^3/75x40 +(143x10^3x2.8+ 3.6x10^3x5.5)x6/75x40^2
= 47.67 + 21.01
= 47.67/72.12 + 21.01/68.03
= 0.66 + 0.31
= 0.97 ~ 1 o.k.
Pressures = 143x10^3/75x40 +(143x10^3x2.8+ 3.6x10^3x5.5)x6/75x40^2
47.67 + 21.01
Pmax = 68.68
Pmin = 26.66
a b c
61.9 68.68
26.66 39.32
200 200
Maxm BM at a = (39.32+2x26.66)x12.05^2/6
= 2241.93 kgcm/cm
Maxm BM at b = 90.22x10^3x13.55/75 - (47.67+2x68.68)x20^2/6
= 16299.75 - 12335.33
3964.42 kgcm/cm
Maxm BM at c = (61.9+2x68.68)x6.45^2/6
= 1381.62 kgcm/cm
Hence maximum BM = 3964.42 kgcm/cm
= 12+2 = 14 mm
714 mm
Section modulus Zreqd. = 3964.42/1530
= 2.59 cm3
Thickness of plate reqd. = (2.59x6x75/71.4)^0.5
4.04 cm < 5.5 cms hence safe
Lugs
4 nos 12 mm size lugs are provided
= 5.88 t safe
= 5.88 t safe
Anchor bolts
= 6.84 t safe
= 6.84 t safe
Refer cl. 508.11.1 of IRC 24 - 2001
Load = 143 t
d3*sqrt(3)/t = 24.08XSQRT(3)/0.78
= 53.47
= 61.36 t
< 143 t hence,load bearing stiffener is reqd.
= 31.2 cms 0
Area= 1x(7.5x1)+(31.2x0.78)
= 31.84 cm2
Ixx= 1x((1x7.5^3/12)+1x7.5x(3.75+0.39)^2)
= 163.7 cm4 31.2
rxx= SQRT(163.7/31.84)
= 2.27 cm
Length of the stiffener = 40 cms
L/rxx= (0.7x40)/2.27
= 12.33
= 97.16 t
< 143 t hence unsafe
14.0 Check for thickness of Gusset plate ( Typical )
For checking the thickness of gusset plate the critical joints are joint L0 and joint L2
Joint L0
U1
200
100 200
#REF!
L0 L1
16 10.63
224.53 275.47
500
Fig 1
For the gusset plate at joint L0 , the critical section is along the top line of bolts through the bottom
chord . Above figure shows the forces acting on the section of this line
Force in the diagonal U1L0= #REF! t
Vertical component of the diagonal force = #REF!
= #REF! t
Horizontal component of the diagonal force = #REF!
= #REF! t
One half the beam reaction is transferred to the gusset plate below the section under consideration
and the other half is transferred above the section .
#REF!
in bottom chord force induced by member U1L0 . So , the section under consideration is subjected
to a combination of shear force , direct force and bending moment
The gusset plate resisting the forces consists of 500 X 16 mm plate with holes of 23.5 mm dia at
spacing of 70 mm c/c . The net area of the tension side of the plate is equivalent to a plate without
holes but with reduced thickness equal to
= (70 - 23.5)X16/70
= 10.63 mm
As holes are not deducted from the compression side , the centre of gravity is found by reference "
to figure 1
10.63XZ^2/2 = 16X(500 - Z)^2/2 Where 'Z' is the distance from the edge of the plate
on the tension side
gives Z = 275.47 mm
Area of the section = 275.47X10.63+224.53X16
= 6520.73 mm2
say 65 cm2
For two such plates = 130 cm2
MOI = 2X{10.63X275.47^3/3+16X224.53^3/3}
= 2.69E+08 mm4
= 26887.77 cm4
#REF!
= #REF!
= #REF! t-cm
Maximum tensile stress in the section
= #REF!
= #REF! kg/cm2 #REF!
Joint L2
U1
U3
200 112 500
#REF!
L1 L2 L3
6.86 10
444.14 367.86
812
figure 2
Force in the diagonal U1L2 = #REF! t
Vertical component of the diagonal force U1L2 = #REF!
= #REF! t
Vertical component of the diagonal force U3L2= #REF!
= #REF! t
Total horizontal component of the diagonal force = #REF!
= #REF! t
Net vertical force = #REF!
= #REF! t
#REF!
The gusset plate resisting the forces consists of 812 X 10 mm plate with holes of 22 mm dia at
= (70 - 22)X10/70
= 6.86 mm
to figure 2
on the tension side
gives Z = 444.14 mm
= 6725.4 mm2
say 67 cm2
MOI = 2X{6.86X444.14^3/3+10X367.86^3/3}
= 7.33E+08 mm4
= 73253.64 cm4
#REF!
= #REF!
= #REF! t-cm
= #REF!
Diagonals & Verticals
Members U0L1
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
Net area of flange = #REF!
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
Net area of the web = #REF!
= #REF! cm2
= 42.14 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U1L2
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 33.11 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U2L3,U0L0
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 16.87 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U3L4
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 18.06 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U4L5,U2L2
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 8.56 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 11.05 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U5L6,U4L4
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
Net area of splice plate (B) 75X12 mm th = (7.5-2.65)x1.2
= 5.82 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 7.05 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U1L1
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 8.56 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 19.89 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U3L3
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 5.82 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 11.28 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members #REF!
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
Net area of splice plate (B) 75X10 mm th = (7.5-2.65)x1
= 4.85 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 5.64 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
51.24 50
51.24
265
30 415
Provide ISMB400 with 3660

0
#REF! 5250
#REF!
4.25 IRC Class A

4.25 IRC Class A
2.14
11.38
0.8
0.8
59
59
0.06
0.265
26.5
2.4
0.08 0.2
500 w=
250 b=
0.5 m
0.25 m
4.7 0.225
1.8 Distance between axle=
0.15 c=
0.625 c+k=
1.8
2.13
2.46
3.19
16 125
0 125
spacing 16.08
0
steel provided= 16.08
0.784 0.3754 0 0
0.15 0.2 0.15
0.25 0.23 0.1
0.5 0.31 0.25 0.2
0.75 0.37 0.25 0.03
0.78 0.3748 1 0.41 0.25 0.08
1.25 0.45 0.25 0.06
1.5 0.48 0.25 0.04
1.75 0.5 0.25 0.04
2 0.53 0.25 0.03
3 #REF! 2.25 0.55 0.25 0.02
2.5 0.57 0.25 0.03
2.75 0.58 0.25 0.02
3 0.6 0.25 0.02
10 200 0.01
189 spacing 3.93
100 400
100
Provide ISM 412.00

area 99.50
tw 0.89
tf 1.74
Ixx 27491.65
Iyy 2765.85
h= 41.2
b= 14.00
slab,ŷ= 19.3
X-girder,ŷ= 14.55
Lyy/ryy= 0.85X525/5.27
= 84.68
0.38x250x10.2
969 Kg/cm2
0.15 0.05
0.46
200
30.5
15
102 Kg/cm2
1580 Kg/cm2
1580 Kg/cm2
969 Kg/cm2
ISMC 75
90 L=
24 4.52
8.8
0.6
ISMB400
+0X0 mm thk top flg plt
+175X12 mm thk bottom flg. Plt
ISMB 400
area 78.5 4.35
tw 0.89
tf 1.74
Ixx 20458.4
Iyy 622.1
h= 40 b= 14
Top flg. Plt 0 0 0 24.35 0
Bot. flg plt 17.5 1.2 21 16.25 8.75
web plt 0 0 0 4.35 0.445
0 0 0 4.35 0.445
Zyy min = 2765.85/8.75

= 316.1 cm3
0.225 70.99 220.32

0.275 330.89
4.7 51.84
4.25 51.84
0.2
0.1
5.25 15
750 Hudsons formula for calculating the dead weight of the steel girder bridge
w = 785*A in Kn/m
where A = Net area of largest tension chord section in m2
= 174.25 cm2
Hence w = 1.37 t/m
4.25 0.4
500
2.3
64.84
169.91
241.00
282.08
295.64
121.72
209.53
264.67
292.18
25.15
25.15
25.15
25.15
25.15
147.71
130.58
113.98
97.37
81.93
66.87
51.99
37.07
22.19
30 h 0 40
9 b -13.5 10
27 s 27.5
2.35 cyy 2.42
46.3 Area = 63.8
1.36 tf= 1.53
0.78 tw 0.88
6420 ixx 15200
313 iyy RMIN 2.22 508
0 width of back web plate
0 thickness of back web plate
0 width of front web plate
0 thickness of front web plate
0 width of top cover plate
0 thickness of top cover plate
0 15
15.85 14.28
13.5
999.0477
30 h
9 b 11.5
27 s
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area =
1.36 tf=
0.78 tw
6420 ixx
313 iyy RMIN 2.22
1.2 thickness of top cover plate
6.13 9.47
15.85 14.28
13.5
1022.839
30 h
9 b 11.5
27 s
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area =
1.36 tf=
0.78 tw
6420 ixx
313 iyy RMIN 2.22
8.31 7.69
15.85 14.28
13.5
940.6091
30 h
9 b 11.5
27 s
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area =
1.36 tf=
0.78 tw
6420 ixx
313 iyy RMIN 2.22
9.33 6.92
15.85 14.28
13.5
890.1688
40 h
10 b
27 s
2.42 cyy rmin 2.82
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 2.55
0.88 tw
40 h
10 b
27 s
2.42 cyy rmin 2.82
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 2.55
0.88 tw
0.8 thickness of front web plate
40 h
10 b
27 s
2.42 cyy rmin 2.82
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 2.55
0.88 tw
40 h
10 b
27 s
2.42 cyy rmin 2.82
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 2.55
0.88 tw
40 h
10 b
27 s
2.42 cyy rmin 2.22
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 2.35
0.88 tw
25 h
7.5 b 0 width of back web plate
25 s 0 thickness of back web plate
2.2 cyy 0 width of front web plate
47.6 Area = 0 thickness of front web plate
1.25 tf= 0 width of top cover plate
0.69 tw 0 thickness of top cover plate
788 ixx
103 iyy
30 h 30
9 b 11.5 9
27 s 27
2.35 cyy 2.35
46.3 Area = 46.3
1.36 tf= 1.36
0.78 tw 0.78
6420 ixx 6420
313 iyy RMIN 2.22 313
4.65 10.75
15.85 14.28
13.5
816.7817
30 h
9 b
25 s
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area =
1.36 tf=
0.78 tw
6420 ixx
313 iyy 2.6
0.8 thickness of back web plate
0 15
10.15 13.28
12.1
55.79
634.1865
25 h
7.5 b
25 s
2.29 cyy
39 Area =
1.41 tf=
0.72 tw
3880 ixx
211 iyy 2.6
0 12.5
10.21 13.22
12.5
59.76
552.7243
20 h
7.5 b
25 s
2.18 cyy
28.5 Area =
1.14 tf=
0.62 tw
1830 ixx
141 iyy
0 10
10.32 13.12
12.5
74.39
356.698
15 h
7.5 b
25 s
2.2 cyy
21.3 Area =
0.9 tf=
0.57 tw
788 ixx
103 iyy
0 7.5
10.3 13.07
12.5
98
205.5311
30 h
9 b
25 s rmin 2.6
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area = 2.35
1.36 tf=
0.78 tw
25 h
8 b
25 s rmin 2.6
2.29 cyy
39 Area = 2.35
1.41 tf=
0.72 tw
20 h
7.5 b
25 s
2.18 cyy
28.5 Area = 2.35
1.14 tf=
0.62 tw
15 h
7.5 b
25 s
2.2 cyy
21.3 Area = 1.75
0.9 tf=
0.57 tw
22 3.8
8.8
15.3
7.8
7.2
6.2
5.7
8
10
12
16 2.01
36
16
36
36
18
36
16
30
28
18
18
30
16
24
24
11
22
18
24
16
16
20
13
26
18
12
12
24
12
36
4
30
48
48
60
60
72
23.5 1
9 1.6 2
23.5 23.5
9 1.6
3 23.5
20 20
1.6 0
+ gusset plate (A) 200X0 mm th =
23.5 4
50
2
23.5 4
50
2.8
23.5 4
50
3.2
23.5 23.5
10 2
3 23.5
30 20
1.6 0
23.5 23.5
10 2
3 23.5
30 20
2.2 0
23.5 23.5
10 2
3 23.5
30 20
3.2 0
23.5 23.5
10 2
3 23.5
30 20
3.6 0
23.5 23.5
10 2
3 23.5
30 20
4 0
32 44.52
40 51.84
20 6.3 9
30 7.01 18
0
0.265
0.275
110
300
60
225
11664 5832
729
8
5.25 8.09
6.16
3.08
9.24 5467.50
15.40
21.56
27.72
7.5 h
7.5 b
1 s
11.38 Area =
0.8 tf=
0.8 tw
7.5 h
7.5 b
0.8 s
1.89 cyy
11.38 Area =
0.8 tf=
0.8 tw
37.4 ixx
37.4 iyy
2.29
119.38
138.5054
6.5 h
6.5 b
1 s
9.76 Area =
0.8 tf=
0.8 tw
6.5 h
6.5 b
0.8 s
1.89 cyy
9.76 Area =
0.8 tf=
0.8 tw
37.4 ixx
37.4 iyy
2.29
139.2
101.8712
16 2.01
1.4
4.21
40 h
10 b
1 s
2.42 cyy
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 20
0.88 tw
15200 ixx
508 iyy
0 20
2.92 1.38
0.5
163.4012
109.71
1580
7.5 h 6.5
7.5 b 6.5
0.8 s 0.8
2.14 cyy 1.89
11.38 Area = 9.76
0.8 tf= 0.8
0.8 tw 0.8
59 ixx 37.4
59 iyy 37.4
2.54
534.1527
1.2
3.75
ISMB 200
area 32.3 0
tw 0.57
tf 10.8
Ixx 2235.4
Iyy 150
h= 20
Top flg. Plt 0 0 0 10 0
Bot. flg plt 0 0 0 10 0
web plt 0 0 0 0 0.285
0 0 0 0 0.285
183.2747
6.5 h
6.5 b
0.8 s
1.89 cyy
9.76 Area =
0.8 tf=
0.8 tw
59 ixx
59 iyy
2.29
843.6796
110
300
450
15 3.33
0.12
0.666667
55.4 2
30
5.25
6.16
8.09
43.61
21.81 4.85
3.08
9.24 19.39
15.4
21.56
27.72
33.88
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
50 0.7x43.93
2.82 31
50 0.7x49.16
2.82 35
0.43x250x10.2
1096.5 Kg/cm2
0.6x250x10.2
1530 Kg/cm2
0.92x250x10.2
2346 Kg/cm2
45
36
50 0.7x49.16
35
2.82
28
6.16
373.1664
300
2.82
100
0.43x250x10.2
1096.5 Kg/cm2
0.6x250x10.2
1530 Kg/cm2
0.92x250x10.2
2346 Kg/cm2
300
2.2
90
0.43x250x10.2
1096.5 Kg/cm2
0.6x250x10.2
1530 Kg/cm2
0.92x250x10.2
2346 Kg/cm2
50 0.7x55.79
2.2 40
2
0.43x250x10.2
1096.5 Kg/cm2
0.6x250x10.2
1530 Kg/cm2
0.92x250x10.2
2346 Kg/cm2
7.13
span 51.24
span 51.24
0.00
55 70.03
460.09
fener is reqd.
1 provided in pairs
7.5 cm
1.6 cm
0 cm
15624.18
51.24
81.15
42.66
55.4
50
750 Length of plate
750 Length of plate
1897
1530
32 dia of pin
4 no of pins
1530
750 Length of plate
72.12
68.03
1020
25 dia of bolts
8 no of bolts
850
165 dia of roller

750 length of roller
750 Length of plate

750 Length of plate
28
0.1071
12 dia of pin
4 no of pins
1530
750 Length of plate
72.12
68.03
12 dia of pin
3 no of pins
1530
1020
16 dia of bolts
4 no of bolts
850
690.41
1 provided in pairs
7.5 cm
1 cm
0 cm
12983.85
#REF!
0
23.5
70
5.37
16000
4000000
275.47 2704.05
1500
#REF!
0
22
70
3.14
16240
6593440
444.14 4727.83
1500
26.5
9
1.6
3 26.5
23
2.8
26.5
9 1.6
3 26.5
23
2.2
26.5
9 1.6
3 26.5
20
1.4
26.5
9 1.6
3 26.5
23
1.2
26.5
8 1.6
3 26.5
19
1
26.5
7.5 1.2
3 26.5
15
1
26.5
8 1.6
3 26.5
19
1.8
26.5
7.5 1.2
3 26.5
15 1.6
26.5
7.5 1
2 26.5
10
1.2
cyy
Area =
tf=
tw
ixx
iyy
(SUPERSTRUCTURE)
CLIENT
M/S SATVIR GUPTA FABRICATORS
JAMMU
DEPARTMENT
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
CONSULTANTS
HIGH RISE DESIGNERS
59/4 NANAK NAGAR
JAMMU
1.0 INTRODUCTION :
superstructure consists of 265 mm thick RCC slab deck with concrete grade M30 and steel
grade Fe415 . This RCC deck rests on steel cross girder
Builtup section with 500x10 mm thck web plt+ top/bottom plt 225x10 mm thk 520 spaced at 3660
5250 mm c/c .

DESIGN OF RCC DECK
Interior panel
Design constants
Concrete Grade M 30
Steel Grade Fe 415
Modular ratio 10
n= 1 / { ( 1 + 2040 / ( 10 x 102 ) }
= 0.333
j= 1 - 0.333 / 3
= 0.889
= 15.1 kg/cm2
Interior Panel
= 0.636 t/m2
S.F.= 0.636x3.66/2
= 1.16 t/m2
B.M.= 0.636X3.66^2/8
= 1.06 tm/m
= 0.2 t/m2
S.F.= 0.2x3.66/2
= 0.37 t/m
B.M.= 0.2x3.66^2/8
= 0.33 tm/m

Maximum BM
Case 1
5.7 5.7 500 500
Load 2 0.6 0.6 Load 1
1.53 0.93
k c c k
1.2 1.8
A 3.66 4.7

k= 0.225 m
For load (1 )
b/lo= 5.25/3.66 = 1.43
= 2.5x0.93x(1-0.93/3.66)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 2.39 m
= 2.095 m
= 0.94 m
= 4.2 t/m
= 4.47
For load (2 )
= 2.5x1.53x(1-1.53/3.66)+(0.5+(2x0.08))
= 2.89 m
= 2.345 m
= 3.76 t/m
= 4 t/m2
Reaction at A= (4.2x0.93+3.76x2.13)/3.66
= 3.26 t/m
B.M. at C= 3.26x1.53 - 4X0.47^2/2
= 4.55 tm/m
Case 2
5.7
Load 1
1.83 1.83
A 3.66

For load (1 )
b/lo= 5.25/3.66 = 1.43
Thus,α = 2.5
= 2.5x1.83x(1-1.83/3.66)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 2.95 m
= 2.38 m
= 0.94 m
= 3.7 t/m
= 3.18
= 1.85 t/m
B.M. at C= 3.7x3.66/4 - 3.7X0.94/8
= 2.95 tm/m
Maximum SF
5.7 5.7
Load 2 0.6 0.6 Load 1
0.47 1.99
1.2
B
3.66 A
For load 1
beff.= 2.5x1.99x(1-1.99/3.66)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 2.93 m
= 2.37 m
= 3.72
= 3.95
= 9.74
For load 2
beff.= 2.5x0.47x(1-0.47/3.66)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 1.68 m
= 1.68 m
= 5.24
= 5.58
Reaction at B = 5.24X3.19+9.74X1.99/3.66
= 9.86 t
S.F. at deff.= 5.12 - 3.95x0.205
= 4.31
Total S.F.= 1.16+0.37+4.31
= 5.84 t/m
Total B.M.= 1.06+0.33+4.55
= 5.94 tm/m
Check for Depth:
deff,reqd.= { 5.94 x 10^5 / (100 x15.1 ) }^0.5
= 19.83 cms < 20.5cms safe
= 15.98 cm2/m
Amin= 0.12 x 26.5
= 3.18 cm2/m
of 16.08 cm2/m ht.
Check for shear :-
Td = 2.85 kg/cm2
(cl 305.18 IRC:21-2000)
B.M. = 0.2X(1.06+0.33)+0.3X4.55
= 1.37 tm/m
= 4 cm2/m
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
= 2.57 t/m
= 1.83 t/m
Total load= 2.57+1.83+ 0.1
= 4.5 t/m
S.F. = 4.5x5.25/2
= 11.81 t
B.M.= 4.5x5.25^2/8
= 15.5 tm
Try Builtup section with 500x10 mm thck web plt+ top/bottom plt 225x10 mm thk
BM = 15.5 tm
Area of the section = 95 cm2
C.G. of the section from bottom = (95X26)/95
= 26 cm
Ixx = 39681.67 cm4
Iyy = 1902.6 cm4
Zxx = 39681.67/26
= 1526.22 cm3
rxx = (39681.67/95)^0.5
= 20.44 cm
ryy = (1902.6/95)^0.5
= 4.48 cm
= 446.25 cm
L/rmin= 446.25/4.48
= 99.61 cm
L/rmin.= 99.61
for d/t= 52/1
= 52
& L/rmin = 99.61 c2/c1= 1.00
x= 267.08x[{(1+(1/20)x(99.61/52)^2)}]^0.5
290.55
y= 26.5x10^5/99.61^2
267.08
k1= 1.00 k2= 0.00
Fcb = 1(290.55+0x267.08)1
= 290.55
scb = (0.66x290.55x250/(290.55^1.4+250^1.4)^(1/1.4))x10.2
= 1101.51 Kg/cm2
Pcb = 15.5x10^5/1526.22
Shear stress = 11.81x10^3/(1x52)
(a) D.L. :
= 2.32776 t/m
Total load= 2.32776+0.1
= 2.42776 t/m
S.F.= 2.42776x5.25/2
= 6.37 t
B.M.= 2.42776x5.25^2/8
= 8.36 tm
b) S.I.D.L :
= 0.2 t/m
S.F.= 0.2x5.25/2
= 0.53 t
B.M.= 0.2x5.25^2/8
= 0.69 t/m
Live load
1.35 5.7 5.7
0.46 3.2 1.2 2.46

3.66 3.66
Maximum reaction on the Cross girder = 1.35X0.46/3.66+5.7+5.7X2.46/3.66

= 9.7 t
= 0.48
= 14.36 t
14.36 14.36
1.275
2.175 1.8
A B
5.25
RA = 11.9 t
RB = 16.82 t
LL BM = 11.9X2.175
= 25.88 tm
14.36 14.36
0.9
2.55 1.8
A B
5.25
RA = 9.85 t
RB = 18.87 t
LL SF = 18.87 t
Total S.F.= 6.37+0.53+18.87
= 25.77 t
Total B.M.= 8.36+0.69+25.88
= 34.93 tm
beff.= 1+(5.25x100)/10
= 53.5 cm
m= 200/(0.5x30.5)
= 13.11
Thus, m= 13.11
Transformed width= 53.5/13.11
= 4.08 cms
= 108.12 cm2
Area of transformed section= 108.12+95
= 203.12 cm2
ŷ of the section from top of slab = ((108.12x26.5/2)+95x(52/2+26.5))/203.12
= 31.61 cm
= 5.11 cm
ŷ of the section from bottom of Girder= 52+26.5-31.61
= 46.89
Ixx = (4.08x26.5^3/12)+(108.12x18.36^2)+39681.67+(95x20.89^2)
= 123912.32 cm4
Zxx (top of slab)= (123912.32x13.11)/31.61
= 51391.66 cm3
= 24248.99 cm3
= 2642.62 cm3
Shear stress= 25.77x10^3/(35x1)
Deflection check
w = 2.32776+0.1+0.2
= 2.63 t/m
∆ = (5/384)x( w xL^3)/EI
= (5x(2.63x5.25x1000)x(5.25x100)^3)/(384x2000000x123912.32)
= 0.11 cm
14.36 14.36
1.73 1.8 1.725
a C a
5.25
A' B'
a/l= 1.725/5.25
= 0.33
w= 14.36 t
∆ = wl^3/6EI[(3a/4l)-(a/l)^3]
= (14.36x(5.25x100)^3 x1000x((0.75x0.33)-(0.33)^3))/(6x2040000x123912.32)
= 0.29 cm
= 0.40 cm
∆allowable= (5.25x100)/600
Shear connectors
VL at support= 25.77x10^3x108.12x18.36/123912.32
= 412.84 Kg/cm
VL at centre= 9.85x10^3x108.12x18.36/123912.32
= 157.8 Kg/cm
= 106.4 KN
= 106.4 KN
= 106400 N
= 10849.39 Kg
= 26.28 cms say 250 mm
= 68.75 cms say 300 mm
Max force = 25.77 t
= 4.95 t
thickness of web of x girder ( 10 mm )= 2.55X2.4X1
= 6.12 t
Length of 6.0 mm fillet weld required( for welded connection) = 25.77/(0.6X1.1X0.707)
Section provided Builtup section with 500x10 mm thck web plt+ top/bottom plt 225x10 mm thk
225x10thk top flg plt
500x10thk web plt
225x10thk bottom flg plt

Area = 50x1+22.5x1+22.5x1
= 95.00 cm2
x = [22.5x1x0.5+50x1x26+22.5x1x51.5]/95
26.00 cm
ixx= 1x50^3/12+50x1x0^2+
22.5x1x25.5^2+22.5x1^3/12+22.5x1x-25.5^2
= 39681.67 cm4
iyy= 50x1^3/12+1x22.5^3/12+1x22.5^3/12
= 1902.6 cm4
rxx= (39681.67/95)^0.5
= 20.44 cms
Zxx = 39681.67/26
= 1526.22 cm3
ryy= 4.48 cms
Dead loads
RCC deck = 0.265x2.4X4.7X51.84
= 154.97 t
= 44.07 t
= 20.74 t
= 7.88 t
= 88.128
Total = 315.79 t
= 11.28 t say 11.5 t
Live loads
55.4
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3 3 3

= 0.16
W/2 W/2
0.9 1.8 2.55
5.25

= 0.66
= 0.77 W
load = 1.95X0.5 = 0.98 t/m
total load = 0.98X51.84 = 50.8 t
Ra = Rb = 25.4 t
Live load
(t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t)
L0L2 43.43 27.71 71.14 0.29 20.93 64.36 59.13 tension
L2L4 110.24 67.85 178.09 0.87 59.63 169.87 154.96 tension
L4L6 150.32 89.82 240.14 1.45 86.88 237.20 215.48 tension
L6L7 163.68 95.54 259.22 2.03 95.54 259.22 235.34 tension
U1U3 80.17 50.65 130.82 0.58 40.81 120.98 110.78 comp.
U3U5 133.62 80.58 214.20 1.16 75.58 209.20 190.31 comp.
U5U7 160.34 94.95 255.29 1.74 93.11 253.45 230.17 comp.
U1L1 11.50 16.75 28.25 0.00 1.82 13.32 12.87 tension
U3L3 11.50 16.75 28.25 0.00 4.94 16.44 15.21 tension
U5L5 11.50 16.75 28.25 0.00 8.72 20.22 18.04 tension
U7L7 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.00 15.84 27.34 23.38 tension
U1L0 86.45 55.15 141.60 0.58 41.67 128.12 117.70 comp.
U1L2 73.15 47.32 120.47 0.58 39.57 112.72 102.83 tension
U3L2 59.85 39.97 99.82 0.58 37.47 97.32 87.95 comp.
U3L4 46.55 34.19 80.74 0.58 31.75 78.30 70.36 tension
U5L4 33.25 28.54 61.79 0.58 26.60 59.85 53.20 comp.
U5L6 19.95 22.89 42.84 0.58 22.62 42.57 36.92 tension
U7L6 6.65 17.28 23.93 0.58 13.50 20.15 16.78 comp.
Top chord
Member U1U3
Pmax= 130.82 t
= 130.2 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x15.8+47x0.8x0.4]/130.2
= 11.35 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x4.45^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+47x0.8x10.95^2
= 19182.05 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x732
= 622.2 cm
rxx= (19182.05/130.2)^0.5
= 12.14 cms
Zxx = 19182.05/11.35
= 1690.05 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 622.2/12.14
51.25
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+0.8x47^3/12
30810.74 cm4
ryy= 15.38 cms
Lyy/ryy= 622.2/15.38
= 40.46
Member U3U5
Pmax= 214.20 t
= 162.6 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x16.4+50x1.4x0.7]/162.6
= 9.64 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x6.76^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+50x1.4x8.94^2
= 22666.25 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x732
= 622.2 cm
rxx= (22666.25/162.6)^0.5
= 11.81 cms
Zxx = 22666.25/9.64
= 2351.27 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 622.2/11.81
52.68
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+1.4x50^3/12
38472.54 cm4
ryy= 15.38 cms
Lyy/ryy= 622.2/15.38
= 40.46
Member U5U7
Pmax= 255.29 t
= 202.6 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x17.2+50x2.2x1.1]/202.6
= 8.46 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x8.74^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+50x2.2x7.36^2
= 25872.15 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x732
= 622.2 cm
rxx= (25872.15/202.6)^0.5
= 11.3 cms
Zxx = 25872.15/8.46
= 3058.17 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 622.2/11.3
55.06
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+2.2x50^3/12
46805.87 cm4
ryy= 15.2 cms
Lyy/ryy= 622.2/15.2
= 40.93
Bottom chord
Member L0L2
Pmax = 77.23 t

= 127.6 cm2
29.07
98.53 cm2
150.75 t safe
Member L2L4
Pmax = 186.00 t

= 175.6 cm2
41.31
134.29 cm2
205.46 t safe
Member L4L6
Pmax = 248.93 t

= 223.6 cm2
53.55
170.05 cm2
260.18 t safe
Member L6L7
Pmax = 269.15 t

= 247.6 cm2
59.67
187.93 cm2
287.53 t safe
Vertcal members
Member U1L1,U3L3,U5L5,U7L7,
Pmax= 28.25 t
Provide ISMB 250
Gross area of the section = 47.1X1
= 47.1 cm2
No of bolts in web = 1
Hence D/d for bolts = 1x1.25x4x1.75+2x1x0.69x1.75
11.165
35.935 cm2
54.98 t safe
Member U1L0
Pmax= 141.60 t
= 130.2 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x15.8+47x0.8x0.4]/130.2
= 11.35 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x4.45^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+47x0.8x10.95^2
= 19182.05 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x729
= 619.65 cm
rxx= (19182.05/130.2)^0.5
= 12.14 cms
Zxx = 19182.05/11.35
= 1690.05 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 619.65/12.14
51.04
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+0.8x47^3/12
30810.74 cm4
ryy= 15.38 cms
Lyy/ryy= 619.65/15.38
= 40.29
Member U3L2
Pmax= 99.82 t
= 92.6 cm2
Centre of gravity from top = [(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x15+0x0x0]/92.6
= 15 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x15^2
= 12840 cm4
rxx= (12840/92.6)^0.5
= 11.78 cms 250
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x10.15^2+0x0x12.5^2+0x0x13.28^2)+0x0^3/12
10165.88 cm4
ryy= 10.48 cms
Leff= 0.85x729
= 619.65 cm
rmin = 10.48 cms
leff/rmin 619.65/10.48
= 1255.01 kg/cm2
116.21 t safe
Member U5L4
Pmax= 61.79 t
Area of the section = 2x28.5+2x0x0+2x15x0.8+0x0
= 81 cm2
Centre of gravity from top = [(28.5x2+0x0x2+15x0.8x2)x10+0x0x0]/81
= 10 cm
Ixx= 2x(1830+(28.5+0x0+15x0.8)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0.8x15^3/12+0x0x10^2
= 4110 cm4
rxx= (4110/81)^0.5
= 7.12 cms 250
Iyy= 2x(141+28.5x10.32^2+0x0x12.5^2+15x0.8x13.52^2)+0x0^3/12
10739.61 cm4
ryy= 11.51 cms
Leff= 0.85x729
= 619.65 cm
rmin = 7.12 cms
leff/rmin 619.65/7.12
= 951.86 kg/cm2
77.1 t safe
Member U7L6
Pmax= 23.93 t
= 42.6 cm2
= 7.5 cm
Ixx= 2x(788+(21.3+0x0+0x0)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x7.5^2
= 1576 cm4
rxx= (1576/42.6)^0.5 250
= 6.08 cms
Iyy= 2x(103+21.3x10.3^2+0x0x12.5^2+0x0x13.07^2)+0x0^3/12
4725.43 cm4
ryy= 10.53 cms
Leff= 0.85x729
= 619.65 cm
rmin = 6.08 cms
leff/rmin 619.65/6.08
= 802.43 kg/cm2
34.18 t safe
Member U1L2
Pmax= 120.47 t
= 92.6 cm2
10.998
81.602 cm2
124.85 t safe
Member U3L4
Pmax= 80.74 t
= 81 cm2
20.022
60.978 cm2
93.3 t safe
Member U5L6
Pmax= 42.84 t
= 42.6 cm2
5.358
37.242 cm2 250
56.98 t safe
= 4.16 t
= 4.94 t
= 8.58 t
= 4.38 t
= 4.38 t
= 3.48 t
= 3.2 t
= 4.49 t
= 5.61 t
= 6.73 t
= 2.2 t
Top chord joints
Joint U1
Joint U3
Force in top flg + flg. Portion of top plt. = (9X1.36+10X0.8)/130.2X130.82
= 20.34 t
No. of bolts = 20.34/4.16
= 21.7 t
No. of bolts = 21.7/4.49
= 12.3 t
No. of bolts = 12.3/4.16
Force in web = 130.82 - -20.34X2 - 21.7 - 12.3X2
= 43.84 t
No. of bolts = 43.84/4.16
= 83.38 t
= 127.22 t
No. of bolts = 127.22/4.16
No. of bolts = 28.25/4.16
No. of bolts = 99.82/4.16
= 24 Provide 30 no.s
No. of bolts = 80.74/4.16
Joint U5
= 37.33 t
No. of bolts = 37.33/4.16
= 49.8 t
No. of bolts = 49.8/4.16
= 16.12 t
No. of bolts = 16.12/4.16
Force in web = 214.2 - 2X37.33 - 2X16.12 -49.8
= 57.5 t
No. of bolts = 57.5/4.16
= 41.09 t
= 98.59 t
No. of bolts = 98.59/4.16
No. of bolts = 28.25/4.16
No. of bolts = 61.79/4.16
No. of bolts = 42.84/3.2
Joint U7
= 44.5 t
No. of bolts = 44.5/4.16
= 74.85 t
No. of bolts = 74.85/4.16
= 19.22 t
No. of bolts = 19.22/4.16
Force in web = 255.29 - 2X44.5 - 74.85 - 2X19.22
= 53 t
No. of bolts = 28.25/4.16
No. of bolts = 23.93/3.2
Bottom chord joints
Joint L0
Joint L2
= 8.93 t
No. of bolts = 8.93/4.16
Force in web = 77.230264 - 4x8.93
= 41.51 t
No. of bolts = 41.510264/
= 108.77 t
= 150.28 t
No. of bolts = 150.280264/4.16
Joint L4
= 15.79 t
No. of bolts = 15.79/4.16
Force in web = 185.998264 - 4X15.79
= 122.84 t
No. of bolts = 122.838264
= 62.93 t
= 185.77 t
No. of bolts = 185.768264/4.16
Joint L6
= 16.69 t
No. of bolts = 16.69/4.16
Force in web = 248.926264 - 4X16.69
= 182.17 t
No. of bolts = 182.166264/4.16
= 20.22 t
= 202.39 t
No. of bolts = 202.386264/4.16
Top chord
Joints – U3
Top flange
= 48.17 cm2
Net area of splice plate (B) 470X14 mm th = (47-4x2.35)x1.4X1
= 52.64 cm2
>1.05x48.17
= 50.58 cm2 okay
Bottom flange
= 9.04 cm2
= 10.64 cm2
>1.05x9.04
= 9.49 cm2 okay
Web
= 15.78 cm2
= 18.13 cm2
>1.05x15.78
= 16.57 cm2 okay
Joints –U5
Top flange
= 74.93 cm2
= 81.2 cm2
>1.05x74.93
= 78.68 cm2 okay
Joints –U7
Top flange
= 107.41 cm2
= 113.68 cm2
>1.05x107.41
= 112.78 cm2 okay
Bottom chord
Joints – L2
Top/Bottom flange
= 11.7 cm2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
Web
= 26.3 cm2
= 32.13 cm2
>1.05x26.3
= 27.62 cm2 okay
Joints – L4
Top/Bottom flange
= 11.7 cm2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
= 44.66 cm2
= 50.49 cm2
>1.05x44.66
= 46.89 cm2 okay
Joints – L6
Top/Bottom flange
= 11.7 cm2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
= 63.02 cm2
= 68.85 cm2
>1.05x63.02
= 66.17 cm2 okay
= 14.34 m2
= 20.74 m2
Exposed area of Verticals(average) =0.2X6.3X7
= 8.82 m2
Exposed area of Diagonals( average) =0.3x7.29x14
= 30.62 m2
Exposed area of Top chord gusset plates =0.5X14.34
= 7.17 m2
= 10.37 m2
Total exposed area of Truss Girder =7.17+30.62+8.82+20.74+14.34+10.37
92.06 m2
= 138.09 m2
= 35.12 m2
= 173.21 m2 say 180 m2
Top chord bracing
= 69.045 m2 say 75 m2
Wind force = 75X110
Wind force @ 225 kg/m = 51.84X225
= 3000 kg
First panel = (9000 - 0.5X3000)X9.01/5.25
= 12872 kg
Second panel = (9000 - 1.5X3000)X9.01/5.25
= 7723 kg
Third panel = (9000 - 2.5X3000)X9.01/5.25
= 2575 kg
U1U3 (5832X3.66 - 486X3.66)/5.25 3727.00 compression
U5U7 (5346X18.3 - 972X4X3.66)/5.25 15925.00 compression
Pmax= 12872 kg
Check for tension
8.8 cm2
11.36 cm2
k = 8.8X5/(8.8X5+11.36)
= 0.79
= 17.77 cm2
33985.13 kg > 12872 kg hence safe
Provide2ISA 75x75x8
= 22.76 cm2
ruu = 2.88 cms star type
Leff= 0.85x450.5
= 382.925 cm
Leff/r= 382.925/2.88
= 132.96
= 559.37 kg/cm2
= 15914.02 kg > 12872 kg hence safe
Design of joints
= 2.75 t
thickness of gussett plate ( 10 mm )= 2.55X1.6X1X1.25
= 5.1 t
Bolt value = 2.75 t
No. of bolts = 12.872/2.75
No. of bolts = 7.723/2.75
No. of bolts = 2.575/2.75
Portal bracing for end diagonals 1.4 2.45 1.4
wind reaction from top chord = 9000 kg c d e f
Addl. lateral load due to end post comp.= 2.5/100X141.6X1000 b m g 1.4
= 3540 kg 2.95
Total lateral load = 12540 kg 7.29 a h
Vertical force due to overturning = 12540X4.35/5.25 2.95
= 10390.29 kg 5.25
Bending moment at d/e = 6270X4.35 - 10390.29X1.4
= 12728.09 kgm
Maximum force in ef = (6270X2.95)/1.4
13211.79 kg
Maximum force in cd = (6270X2.95+12540X1.4)/1.4
25751.79 kg
= 0.99 m
Force in Knee force = 6270X4.35/0.99
= 27550 kg
= 1.98 m
Additional axial load in end post (wind)= (9000X4.35)/5.25
= 7457.14 kg
Additional axial load in end post(comp) = (3540X4.35)/5.25
= 2933.14 kg
Total = 10390.28 kg
Additional force in bottom chord = (7457.14X7.32)/7.29
= 7487.83 kg
Bending moment end post due to wind = 12540/2X2.95
= 18496.5 kgm
Member cf
Force Fac = 25.75 t
BM Fbc = 12.73 tm
Provide 2ISMC300
= 92.6 cm2
= 15 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x15^2
= 12840 cm4
rxx= (12840/92.6)^0.5
= 11.78 cms
Zxx = 12840/15
= 856 cm3
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x16.1^2+0x0x13.75^2+0x0x14.53^2)+0x0^3/12
24628.85 cm4
ryy= 16.31 cms
Leff= 0.85x525
= 446.25 cm
Leffxx/rxx= 446.25/11.78
= 37.88
Leffyy/ryy= 262.5/16.31
= 16.09
133.05 t > 25.75 t hence safe
for d/t= 30/1.36
22.06
& Leff/rmin = 37.88 c2/c1= 1.00
x= 1846.83x[{(1+(1/20)x(37.88/22.06)^2)}]^0.5
1978.29
y= 26.5x10^5/37.88^2
1846.83
k1= 1.00 k2= 0.00
Fcb = 1(1978.29+0x1846.83)1
1978.29

= 1619.58 say 1580.00 kg/cm2
Hence allowable bending capacity = Pcb = 1580X856X10^-5
= Fa/Pac + Fbc/Pbc
= 25.75/133.05 + 12.73/13.52
Alternate Member
Force Fac = 25.75 t
BM Fbc = 12.73 tm
Provide 4ISA75X75X8 + web plt 400x16th 400
Area of the section = 4x11.4+40x1.6+2x0x0
= 109.6 cm2 10
Ixx= 4x(59+11.4x17.86^2)+
1.6x40^3/12+2X0x0^3/12+2X0x0x20^2
= 31848.14 cm4
rxx= (31848.14/109.6)^0.5
= 17.05 cms
Zxx = 31848.14/20
= 1592.41 cm3
Iyy= 4X59+4X11.4x2.64^2+40x1.6^3/12+2X0x0^3/12)
567.47 cm4
ryy= 2.28 cms
Leffxx= 0.85x525
= 446.25 cm
Leffyy= 0.50x525
= 262.5 cm
Leffxx/rxx= 446.25/17.05
= 26.17
= 115.13
78.08 t safe
for d/t= 40/0.8
50
& Leff/rmin = 115.13 c2/c1= 1.00
x= 199.93x[{(1+(1/20)x(115.13/50)^2)}]^0.5
224.87
y= 26.5x10^5/115.13^2
199.93
k1= 1.00 k2= 0.00
Fcb = 1(224.87+0x199.93)1
224.87
= 970.97 say 970.97 kg/cm2
Hence allowable bending capacity = Pcb = 970.97X1592.41X10^-5
= Fa/Pac + Fbc/Pbc
= 25.75/78.08 + 12.73/15.46
Knee brace de
Provide2ISA 65x65x8
= 19.52 cm2
Ixx= 2x37.4
= 74.8 cm4 8
rxx= (74.8/19.52)^0.5
= 1.96 cms
Iyy= 2x(37.4+9.76x2.29^2)
= 177.16 cm4
ryy= 3.01 cms
Leff= 0.85x198
= 168.3 cm
= 55.91
= 70.71
leff/rmin 70.71
= 1130.57 kg/cm2
= 27585.86 kg > 27550 kg hence safe
= 6382.25 kg b m g 1.2
= 6701.61 kg 2.55
= 9549.79 kgm
19350.89 kg
9968.64 kg
= 0.85 m
= 20696.14 kg
= 1.7 m
Additional axial load in verticals = (1500X3.75)/5.25
= 1071.43 kg
Bending moment in verticals = 3000/2X2.55/2
= 1912.5 kgm
Member cf
Force Fac = 19.35 t

= 32.3+0+0+0+0
= 32.3 cm2
= 10 cm
Ixx = 2235.4+32.3X0^2+0X0^3/12+0X10^2+0X0^3/12+0X10^2+
0X0^3/12+0X0^2+0X0^3/12+0X0^2
= 2235.4 cm4
Iyy = 150+0X0^3/12+0X0^2+0X0^3/12+0X0^2+0X0^3/12+
0X0.285^2+0X0^3/12+0X0.285^2
= 150 cm4
Zxxtop = 2235.4/(20 - 10)
= 223.54 cm3
= 223.54 cm3
rxx = (2235.4/32.3)^0.5
= 8.32
ryy = (150/32.3)^0.5
= 2.15
Leff= 0.85x525
= 446.25 cm
Leffxx/rxx= 446.25/8.32
= 53.64
Leffyy/ryy= 0.5X525/2.15
= 122.09
leff/rmin 122.09
20.47 t > 19.35 t hence safe
Knee brace de
Provide2ISA 65x65x8
= 19.52 cm2
Ixx= 2x59 8
= 118 cm4
rxx= (118/19.52)^0.5
= 2.46 cms
Iyy= 2x(59+9.76x2.29^2)
= 220.36 cm4
ryy= 3.36 cms
Leff= 0.85x170
= 144.5 cm
= 43.01
= 48.37
leff/rmin 48.37
= 1357.62 kg/cm2
= 26500.74 kg > 20696.14 kg hence safe
= 104.165 m2 say 110 m2
Wind force = 110X110 + 31.84X300
= 18652 kg
Wind force @ 450 kg/m = 51.84X450
= 23328 kg
26400 kg
0.12x2.5x1/2.5
Dead load effects
Total dead load of the superstructure = 11.5X14X2
= 322 t
= 38.64 t
= 110.8 t
= 45.29 t
= 45.29 t
= 6.47 t
First panel = (22.645 - 0.5X6.47)X9.01/5.25
= 34 t
Second panel = (22.645 - 1.5X6.47)X9.01/5.25
= 23 t
Third panel = (22.645 - 2.5X6.47)X9.01/5.25
= 12 t
Fourth panel = (22.645 - 3.5X6.47)X9.01/5.25
= 0 t
L0L1L2 (22.65X3.66 - 3.235X3.66)/5.25 14.00 tension
L2L3L4 (19.415X10.98 - 6.47X3.66)/5.25 37.00 tension
L4L5L6 (19.415X18.3 - 6.47X4X3.66)/5.25 50.00 tension
L6L7 (19.415X25.62 - 6.47X9X3.66)/5.25 55.00 tension
= 13.99 t
= 1 t
Dead load per panel point = 11.5 t
Fraction of additional per panel point due to overturning = 1/11.5
= 0.09
(t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t)
L0L2 43.43 27.71 71.14 3.91 14.00 7.49 25.40 77.23
L2L4 110.24 67.85 178.09 9.92 37.00 7.49 54.41 186.00
L4L6 150.32 89.82 240.14 13.53 50.00 7.49 71.02 248.93
L6L7 163.68 95.54 259.22 14.73 55.00 7.49 77.22 269.15
U1U3 80.17 50.65 130.82 7.22 3.73 0.00 10.95 113.41
U3U5 133.62 80.58 214.20 12.03 10.50 0.00 22.53 189.39
U5U7 160.34 94.95 255.29 14.43 15.93 0.00 30.36 228.52
U1L1 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.04 0.00 1.07 2.11 24.29
U3L3 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.04 0.00 1.07 2.11 24.29
U5L5 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.04 0.00 1.07 2.11 24.29
U7L7 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.04 0.00 1.07 2.11 24.29
U1L0 86.45 55.15 141.60 7.78 0.00 10.39 18.17 127.82
U1L2 73.15 47.32 120.47 6.58 0.00 0.00 6.58 101.64
U3L2 59.85 39.97 99.82 5.39 0.00 0.00 5.39 84.17
U3L4 46.55 34.19 80.74 4.19 0.00 0.00 4.19 67.94
U5L4 33.25 28.54 61.79 2.99 0.00 0.00 2.99 51.82
U5L6 19.95 22.89 42.84 1.80 0.00 0.00 1.80 35.71
U7L6 6.65 17.28 23.93 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.60 19.62

Pmax.= 255.29 t
For Top Chords
S= 36X2.6
= 93.6 cms
For end post
S = 36X2.6
= 93.6 cms
= 36 cms
Effective length of end battens = 36 cms
Width of end batten = 36 cms
Thickness of battens = 36/50
Effective length of intermediate Battens = 36 cms
Width of intermediate Batten = 3/4x36
= 27 cms say 27
= 3.2 t
Longitudinal Shear,Q1= 3.2x93.6/(2X36)
= 4.16 t
Moment= (3.2x93.6)/(2X2)
= 74.88 t-cm
Longitudinal shear stress = (4.16x10^3)/(36x0.8)
Bending stress= 74.88x10^3/(1/6x36^2x0.8)
= (433.33^2+3x144.44^2)^0.5
= 3.68 t
= 41.57 cms
S = 41.57xsin30X2
= 20.79 cms
rmin = 2.82
S/rmin= 20.79/2.82
= 7.37 safe
r = 2.5/4
= 0.625 cm
l/rmin = 41.57/0.625
= 66.51
5.78 t safe
For Bottom chord
Pmax.= 259.22 t
S = 300X2.82
= 846 cms
= 37 cms
= 18.5 cms say 19
= 3.25 t
Longitudinal Shear,Q1= 3.25x100/(2X37)
= 4.4 t
Moment= (3.25x100)/(2X2)
= 81.25 t-cm
= (445.12^2+3x148.65^2)^0.5
For Diagonals in tension
Pmax.= 120.47 t
S = 300X2.2
= 660 cms
= 17 cms
= 8.75 cms say 9
= 1.51 t
= 3.89 t
Moment= (1.51x90)/(2X2)
= 33.98 t-cm
= (832.16^2+3x277.86^2)^0.5
Pmax.= 99.82 t
S = 42X2.2
= 92.4 cms
= 16 cms
= 13.125 cms say 14
= 1.25 t
= 3.3 t
Moment= (1.25x92.4)/(2X2)
= 28.88 t-cm
= (707.27^2+3x235.71^2)^0.5
L P A U D DxU 2xDxU
L0L2 732.00 64.36 127.60 0.29 369.21 107.07 214.14
L2L4 732.00 169.87 175.60 0.87 708.11 616.06 1232.12
L4L6 732.00 237.20 223.60 1.45 776.52 1125.96 2251.91
L6L7 366.00 259.22 247.60 2.03 383.18 777.85 1555.70
U1U3 732.00 120.98 130.20 0.58 680.16 394.50 788.99
U3U5 732.00 209.20 162.60 1.16 941.79 1092.47 2184.94
U5U7 732.00 253.45 202.60 1.74 915.72 1593.36 3186.71
U1L1 630.00 13.32 47.10 0.00 178.17 0.00 0.00
U3L3 630.00 16.44 47.10 0.00 219.90 0.00 0.00
U5L5 630.00 20.22 47.10 0.00 270.46 0.00 0.00
U7L7 630.00 27.34 47.10 1.00 365.69 365.69 731.39
U1L0 729.00 128.12 130.20 0.58 717.35 416.07 832.13
U1L2 729.00 112.72 92.60 0.58 887.40 514.69 1029.38
U3L2 729.00 97.32 92.60 0.58 766.16 444.37 888.74
U3L4 729.00 78.30 81.00 0.58 704.70 408.73 817.45
U5L4 729.00 59.85 81.00 0.58 538.65 312.42 624.83
U5L6 729.00 42.57 42.60 0.58 728.49 422.52 845.04
U7L6 729.00 20.15 42.60 0.58 344.82 200.00 399.99
TOTAL 17583.49
∆ = UPL/AE
Where UPL/A= 17583.49x1000
= 17583490 kg/cm
E = 2040000 kg/cm2
∆ = 17583490/2040000
= 8.62 cms
= 5124/600
L P A U D DxU 2xDxU
L0L2 732.00 59.13 127.60 0.29 339.20 98.37 196.73
L2L4 732.00 154.96 175.60 0.87 645.97 561.99 1123.99
L4L6 732.00 215.48 223.60 1.45 705.42 1022.86 2045.71
L6L7 366.00 235.34 247.60 2.03 347.87 706.18 1412.35
U1U3 732.00 110.78 130.20 0.58 622.80 361.23 722.45
U3U5 732.00 190.31 162.60 1.16 856.72 993.80 1987.60
U5U7 732.00 230.17 202.60 1.74 831.62 1447.02 2894.04
U1L1 630.00 12.87 47.10 0.00 172.08 0.00 0.00
U3L3 630.00 15.21 47.10 0.00 203.38 0.00 0.00
U5L5 630.00 18.04 47.10 0.00 241.30 0.00 0.00
U7L7 630.00 23.38 47.10 1.00 312.73 312.73 625.45
U1L0 729.00 117.70 130.20 0.58 659.03 382.23 764.47
U1L2 729.00 102.83 92.60 0.58 809.52 469.52 939.04
U3L2 729.00 87.95 92.60 0.58 692.41 401.60 803.20
U3L4 729.00 70.36 81.00 0.58 633.26 367.29 734.58
U5L4 729.00 53.20 81.00 0.58 478.80 277.70 555.41
U5L6 729.00 36.92 42.60 0.58 631.71 366.39 732.79
U7L6 729.00 16.78 42.60 0.58 287.07 166.50 333.00
TOTAL 15870.81
∆ = UPL/AE
Where UPL/A= 15870.81x1000
= 15870810 kg/cm
E = 2040000 kg/cm2
∆ = 15870810/2040000
= 7.78 cms say 15.00 cms
Y= 150 mm
gives => a = 150/25620^2
= 2.3E-07
X 0.00 3660.00 10980.00 18300.00 25620.00 25620.00
Y 0.00 3.06 27.55 76.53 150.00 150.00
Y' 150.00 146.94 122.45 73.47 0.00 0.00

Refer cl. 508.11.1 of IRC 24 - 2001
= 125.03 t
d3*sqrt(3)/t = 33.28XSQRT(3)/0.88
= 65.5
= 83.61 t
= 35.2 cms
Area= 1x(7.5x1.6)+(35.2x0.88)
= 42.98 cm2
Ixx= 1x((1.6x7.5^3/12)+1.6x7.5x(3.75+0.44)^2) 0
= 266.92 cm4
rxx= SQRT(266.92/42.98)
= 2.49 cm
L/rxx= (0.7x40)/2.49
= 11.24
= 131.23 t
Total dead load of superstructure = 11.5X14X2
= 322 t
Dead Load Reaction per Bearing = 80.5 t
Live load reaction at A ( live load only ) = 40.49 t
Maximum horizontal force = H -0.03x(R DL
+R LL
) Or H/2+0.03x(R DL
+R LL
)
H= 10.61 t RDL = 80.5 t
Maximum horizontal force on rocker bearing = 10.61-0.03x(80.5+35.43)
7.13 t
Or 10.61/2+0.03x(80.5+35.43)
8.78 t
Loads on bearings
0.5 t
Modified Live Load reaction at A ( fixed end ) = 40.49 - 0.5 39.99 t
= 0.12x2.5x1/2.5
0.12
= 38.64 t
= 19.32 t
= 19.32 t
= 4.83 t
= 8.78+19.32= 28.1 t Seismic case
= 0.03x(80.5+40.49)
3.63 t Normal case
= 3.63+0.03x4.83
Rocker Normal 80.5+40.49 + 12.74 8.78
133.73 say = 134
Seismic 134+4.83 8.78+19.32
138.83 say = 139 = 28.1
Seismic 139 3.77
117x10-7x85x51.24x10^3
50.96 mm
say 52 mm
Top Plate 400
top plt.
70 134 t 45
8.78 25
70
280 bottom plt.
400
63.81 + 3.07
= 63.81/1897 + 3.07/1530
0.034 + 0.002
= 0.036 <1 safe
44.67 + 3.07
Pmax = 47.74
Pmin = 41.6
47.74
41.6
200 200

9343.33 kgcm/cm
= 32+2.5 = 34.5 mm
Or 32x1.1 = 35.2 mm Adopt 34.5 mm
612 mm
= 458.01 cm3
(cl 906.5.1) = 134x10^3x9.807/2x8x612
134.21 mm
400
r =812.5 top plt.
70 45
h
h= 2x812.5x-+(1625^2-400^2)^0.5/2
25 mm say 25 mm
134 t
8.78
70
280 bottom plt.
400
63.81 + 3.07
= 63.81/72.12 + 3.07/68.03
= 0.88 + 0.04
= 0.92 ~1 o.k.
Rocker pins
= 32.81 t safe
= 32.81 t safe
Anchor bolts
= 41.72 t safe
= 41.72 t safe
400
134 t
3.63
B A
50
400
200 bottom plt

Check for roller
= 200/2-26 74 mm
Hence Max reaction on roller A = 134x(200 - 74 )+3.63x5/200
= 84.51 t
= 49.49 t
safe
Saddle plate
= 200+50x2+10
310 mm
Min thickness = 200/4 = 50 mm
400
134 t
3.63
50
200 bottom plt.
200
400
= 134x10^3x200/200x20/8+3.63x10^3x5/20)x20/2
= 294800 + 9075
= 303875 kgcm
= 12+2 = 14 mm
694 mm
= 198.61 cm3
4.14 cm 4.14 < 5 hence safe
49.49 84.51
B 3.63 A
50
126 126 74
74
400
= 134x10^3/75x40 +(134x10^3x2.6+ 3.63x10^3x5)x6/75x40^2
= 44.67 + 18.33
= 44.67/72.12 + 18.33/68.03
= 0.62 + 0.27
= 0.89 ~ 1 o.k.
Pressures = 134x10^3/75x40 +(134x10^3x2.6+ 3.63x10^3x5)x6/75x40^2
44.67 + 18.33
Pmax = 63
Pmin = 26.34
a b c
56.22 63
26.34 37.89
200 200
Maxm BM at a = (37.89+2x26.34)x12.6^2/6
= 2396.48 kgcm/cm
Maxm BM at b = 84.51x10^3x12.6/75 - (44.67+2x63)x20^2/6
= 14197.68 - 11378
2819.68 kgcm/cm
Maxm BM at c = (56.22+2x63)x7.4^2/6
= 1663.06 kgcm/cm
= 12+2 = 14 mm
714 mm
= 1.84 cm3
3.41 cm < 5 cms hence safe
Lugs
= 5.88 t safe
= 5.88 t safe
Anchor bolts
= 6.84 t safe
= 6.84 t safe
Refer cl. 508.11.1 of IRC 24 - 2001
Load = 134 t
d3*sqrt(3)/t = 24.08XSQRT(3)/0.78
= 53.47
= 61.36 t
= 31.2 cms 0
Area= 1x(7.5x1)+(31.2x0.78)
= 31.84 cm2
Ixx= 1x((1x7.5^3/12)+1x7.5x(3.75+0.39)^2)
= 163.7 cm4 31.2
rxx= SQRT(163.7/31.84)
= 2.27 cm
L/rxx= (0.7x40)/2.27
= 12.33
= 97.16 t
Joint L0
U1
200
100 200
#REF!
L0 L1
16 10.63
224.53 275.47
500
Fig 1
= #REF! t
= #REF! t
#REF!
= (70 - 23.5)X16/70
= 10.63 mm
to figure 1
on the tension side
gives Z = 275.47 mm
= 6520.73 mm2
say 65 cm2
MOI = 2X{10.63X275.47^3/3+16X224.53^3/3}
= 2.69E+08 mm4
= 26887.77 cm4
#REF!
= #REF!
= #REF! t-cm
= #REF!
Joint L2
U1
U3
200 112 500
#REF!
L1 L2 L3
6.86 10
444.14 367.86
812
figure 2
= #REF! t
= #REF! t
= #REF! t
= #REF! t
#REF!
= (70 - 22)X10/70
= 6.86 mm
to figure 2
on the tension side
gives Z = 444.14 mm
= 6725.4 mm2
say 67 cm2
MOI = 2X{6.86X444.14^3/3+10X367.86^3/3}
= 7.33E+08 mm4
= 73253.64 cm4
#REF!
= #REF!
= #REF! t-cm
= #REF!
Members U0L1
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 42.14 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U1L2
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 33.11 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U2L3,U0L0
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 16.87 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U3L4
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 18.06 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U4L5,U2L2
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 8.56 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 11.05 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U5L6,U4L4
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 5.82 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 7.05 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U1L1
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 8.56 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 19.89 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U3L3
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 5.82 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 11.28 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members #REF!
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 4.85 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 5.64 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
51.24 50
51.24
265
30 415
Builtup section with 3660
#REF! 5250
#REF!
4.25 IRC Class A

4.25 IRC Class A
2.14
11.38
0.8
0.8
59
59
0.06
0.265
26.5
2.4
0.08 0.2
500 w=
250 b=
0.5 m
0.25 m
4.7 0.225
0.15 c=
0.625 c+k=
1.8
2.13
2.46
3.19
16 125
0 125
spacing 16.08
0
0.784 0.3754 0 0
0.15 0.2 0.15
0.25 0.23 0.1
0.5 0.31 0.25 0.2
0.75 0.37 0.25 0.03
0.78 0.3748 1 0.41 0.25 0.08
1.25 0.45 0.25 0.06
1.5 0.48 0.25 0.04
1.75 0.5 0.25 0.04
2 0.53 0.25 0.03
3 #REF! 2.25 0.55 0.25 0.02
2.5 0.57 0.25 0.03
2.75 0.58 0.25 0.02
3 0.6 0.25 0.02
10 190 0.01
189 spacing 4.13
100 400
100
Builtup sec 520.00

area 95.00
tw 1.00
tf 1.00
Ixx 39681.67
Iyy 1902.6
h= 52
b= 22.50
slab,ŷ= 18.36
X-girder,ŷ= 20.89
Lyy/ryy= 0.85X525/4.48
= 99.61
0.38x250x10.2
969 Kg/cm2
0.15 0.05
200
30.5
13.11
102 Kg/cm2
1580 Kg/cm2
1580 Kg/cm2
969 Kg/cm2
ISMC 75
150 L=
24 4.52
10
0.6
50.00 Depth of web plate =
1.00 Thickness of web plate =
22.50 Width of top flange plate =
1.00 Thicness of top flange plate =
22.50 Thickness of bottom flange plate =
1.00 Width of bottom flange plate =
26.00
0.225 70.99 220.32

0.275 330.89
4.7 51.84
4.25 51.84
0.2
0.1
5.25 15
w = 785*A in Kn/m
= #REF! cm2
Hence w = #REF! t/m
4.25 0.4
500
2.3
77.23
186.00
248.93
269.15
130.82
214.20
255.29
28.25
28.25
28.25
28.25
141.60
120.47
99.82
80.74
61.79
42.84
23.93
30 h 10 40
9 b 10 10
27 s 27.5
2.35 cyy 2.42
46.3 Area = 63.8
1.36 tf= 1.53
0.78 tw 0.88
6420 ixx 15200
313 iyy RMIN 2.22 508
4.45 10.95
15.85 14.28
13.5
751.5225
30 h
9 b 11.5
27 s
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area =
1.36 tf=
0.78 tw
6420 ixx
313 iyy RMIN 2.22
6.76 8.94
15.85 14.28
13.5
711.2761
30 h
9 b 11.5
27 s
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area =
1.36 tf=
0.78 tw
6420 ixx
313 iyy RMIN 2.22
8.74 7.36
15.85 14.28
13.5
651.1144
40 h
10 b
27 s
2.42 cyy rmin 2.82
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 2.55
0.88 tw
40 h
10 b
27 s
2.42 cyy rmin 2.82
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 2.55
0.88 tw
40 h
10 b
27 s
2.42 cyy rmin 2.82
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 2.55
0.88 tw
40 h
10 b
27 s
2.42 cyy rmin 2.82
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 2.55
0.88 tw
25 h
1830 ixx
141 iyy
30 h 30
9 b 10 9
27 s 27
2.35 cyy 2.35
46.3 Area = 46.3
1.36 tf= 1.36
0.78 tw 0.78
6420 ixx 6420
313 iyy RMIN 2.22 313
4.45 10.95
15.85 14.28
13.5
757.7194
30 h
9 b
25 s
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area =
1.36 tf=
0.78 tw
6420 ixx
313 iyy 2.6
0 15
10.15 13.28
12.5
59.13
564.565
20 h
7.5 b
25 s
2.18 cyy
28.5 Area =
1.14 tf=
0.62 tw
1830 ixx
141 iyy 2.6
0 10
10.32 13.52
12.5
87.03
260.6104
15 h 20
7.5 b 7.5
25 s 25
2.2 cyy 2.18
21.3 Area = 28.5
0.9 tf= 1.14
0.57 tw 0.62
788 ixx 1830
103 iyy 141
0 width of back web plate 0
0 thickness of back web plate 0
0 width of front web plate 0
0 thickness of front web plate 0
0 width of top cover plate 0
0 thickness of top cover plate 0
0 7.5
10.3 13.07
12.5
101.92
190.0251
30 h
9 b
25 s rmin 2.6
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area = 2.35
1.36 tf=
0.78 tw
20 h
7.5 b
25 s rmin 2.6
2.18 cyy
28.5 Area = 2.35
1.14 tf=
0.62 tw
15 h
7.5 b
25 s
2.2 cyy
21.3 Area = 2.35
0.9 tf=
0.57 tw
22 3.8
8.8
15.3
7.8
7.8
6.2
5.7
10
12
16 2.01
36
36
30
10
12
36
8
30
24
18
18
24
16
16
11
22
18
12
24
12
42
36
48
48
54
23.5 4
47 1.4 1
23.5 23.5
9 1.6
3 23.5
20 20
1.4 0
23.5 4
50
2
23.5 4
50
2.8
23.5 23.5
10 2
3 23.5
30 20
1.4 0
23.5 23.5
10 2
3 23.5
30 20
2.2 0
23.5 23.5
10 2
3 23.5
30 20
3 0
32.2 44.52
40 51.84
20 6.3 7
30 7.29 14
0
0.265
0.275
110
300
60
225
11664 5832
972
6
5.25 9.01
7.32
3.66
10.98 5346.00
18.30
7.5 h
7.5 b
1 s
11.38 Area =
0.8 tf=
0.8 tw
7.5 h
7.5 b
0.8 s
1.89 cyy
11.38 Area =
0.8 tf=
0.8 tw
37.4 ixx
37.4 iyy
2.29
132.96
111.6575
16 2.01
10
1.4
4.35
2.95
30 h
9 b
27.5 s
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area =
1.36 tf= 15
0.78 tw
6420 ixx
313 iyy
0 15
16.1 14.53
13.75
1375.656
158.78
1580
40 h
7.5 b 7.5
1 s
2.14 Cxx 2.14 Cyy
11.4 Area =
0.8 tf=
0.8 tw
59 ixx 20
59 iyy
40 width of web plate
1.6 thickness of web plate
0 width of top/bottom flg plate

0 thickness of top/bottom flg plate
17.86
20
2.64
157.1105
95.19
1580
6.5 h 6.5 7.5

6.5 b 6.5 7.5
0.8 s 0.8 0.8
1.89 cyy 1.89 2.14
9.76 Area = 9.76 11.38
0.8 tf= 0.8 0.8
0.8 tw 0.8 0.8
37.4 ixx 37.4 59
37.4 iyy 37.4 59
2.29
394.7917
1.2
3.75
ISMB 200
area 32.3 0
tw 0.57
tf 10.8
Ixx 2235.4
Iyy 150
h= 20
Top flg. Plt 0 0 0 10 0
Bot. flg plt 0 0 0 10 0
web plt 0 0 0 0 0.285
0 0 0 0 0.285
132.4249
6.5 h
6.5 b
0.8 s
1.89 cyy
9.76 Area =
0.8 tf=
0.8 tw
59 ixx
59 iyy
2.29
843.6796
110
300
450
13.2 3.77
0
0.12
0.666667
55.4 2
26.4
5.25
7.32
9.01
45.29
22.65 6.47
3.66
10.98 19.42
18.3
25.62
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
50 0.7x51.25
2.6 36
50 0.7x51.04
2.6 36
0.43x250x10.2
1096.5 Kg/cm2
0.6x250x10.2
1530 Kg/cm2
0.92x250x10.2
2346 Kg/cm2
30
36
50 0.7x51.04
36
2.82
25
4.91
446.227
300
2.82
100
0.43x250x10.2
1096.5 Kg/cm2
0.6x250x10.2
1530 Kg/cm2
0.92x250x10.2
2346 Kg/cm2
300
2.2
90
0.43x250x10.2
1096.5 Kg/cm2
0.6x250x10.2
1530 Kg/cm2
0.92x250x10.2
2346 Kg/cm2
50 0.7x59.13
2.2 42
2
0.43x250x10.2
1096.5 Kg/cm2
0.6x250x10.2
1530 Kg/cm2
0.92x250x10.2
2346 Kg/cm2
7.13
span 51.24
span 51.24
0.00
55 70.03
460.09
fener is reqd.
1 provided in pairs
7.5 cm
1.6 cm
0 cm
15624.18
51.24
75.92
42.66
55.4
50
400 750
45
25
750 Length of plate

750 Length of plate
1897
1530
32 dia of pin
4 no of pins
1530
750 Length of plate

72.12
68.03
1020
25 dia of bolts
10 no of bolts
850
150 dia of roller

750 Length of plate

750 Length of plate
26
0.1071
12 dia of pin
4 no of pins
1530
750 Length of plate

72.12
68.03
12 dia of pin
3 no of pins
1530
1020
16 dia of bolts
4 no of bolts
850
690.41
1 provided in pairs
7.5 cm
1 cm
0 cm
12983.85
#REF!
0
23.5
70
5.37
16000
4000000
275.47 2704.05
1500
#REF!
0
22
70
3.14
16240
6593440
444.14 4727.83
1500
26.5
9
1.6
3 26.5
23
2.8
26.5
9 1.6
3 26.5
23
2.2
26.5
9 1.6
3 26.5
20
1.4
26.5
9 1.6
3 26.5
23
1.2
26.5
8 1.6
3 26.5
19
1
26.5
7.5 1.2
3 26.5
15
1
26.5
8 1.6
3 26.5
19
1.8
26.5
7.5 1.2
3 26.5
15 1.6
26.5
7.5 1
2 26.5
10
1.2
cyy
Area =
tf=
tw
ixx
iyy
(SUPERSTRUCTURE)
CLIENT
JAMMU
DEPARTMENT
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
CONSULTANTS
HIGH RISE DESIGNERS
59/4 NANAK NAGAR
JAMMU
1.0 INTRODUCTION :
5250 mm c/c .

DESIGN OF RCC DECK

Interior panel
Design constants
Concrete Grade M 30
Steel Grade Fe 415
Modular ratio 10
n= 1 / { ( 1 + 2040 / ( 10 x 102 ) }
= 0.333
j= 1 - 0.333 / 3
= 0.889
= 15.1 kg/cm2
Interior Panel
= 0.636 t/m2
S.F.= 0.636x3.85/2
= 1.22 t/m2
B.M.= 0.636X3.85^2/8
= 1.18 tm/m
= 0.2 t/m2
S.F.= 0.2x3.85/2
= 0.39 t/m
B.M.= 0.2x3.85^2/8
= 0.37 tm/m

Maximum BM
Case 1
5.7 5.7 500 500
Load 2 0.6 0.6 Load 1
1.625 1.025
k c c k
1.2 1.8
A 3.85 4.7

k= 0.225 m
For load (1 )
b/lo= 5.25/3.85 = 1.36
= 2.5x1.025x(1-1.025/3.85)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 2.54 m
= 2.17 m
= 0.94 m
= 4.06 t/m
= 4.32
For load (2 )
= 2.5x1.625x(1-1.625/3.85)+(0.5+(2x0.08))
= 3.01 m
= 2.405 m
= 3.66 t/m
= 3.9 t/m2
Reaction at A= (4.06x1.025+3.66x2.225)/3.85
= 3.2 t/m
B.M. at C= 3.2x1.625 - 3.9X0.47^2/2
= 4.77 tm/m
Case 2
5.7
Load 1
1.925 1.925
A 3.85
For load (1 )
b/lo= 5.25/3.85 = 1.36
Thus,α = 2.5
= 2.5x1.925x(1-1.925/3.85)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 3.07 m
= 2.44 m
= 0.94 m
= 3.61 t/m
= 3.05
= 1.81 t/m
B.M. at C= 3.61x3.85/4 - 3.61X0.94/8
= 3.05 tm/m
Maximum SF
5.7 5.7
Load 2 0.6 0.6 Load 1
0.47 2.18
1.2
B
3.85 A

For load 1
beff.= 2.5x2.18x(1-2.18/3.85)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 3.02 m
= 2.41 m
= 3.65
= 3.89
= 10.29
For load 2
beff.= 2.5x0.47x(1-0.47/3.85)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 1.69 m
= 1.69 m
= 5.21
= 5.54
Reaction at B = 5.21X3.38+10.29X2.18/3.85
= 10.4 t
S.F. at deff.= 5.1 - 3.89x0.215
= 4.26
Total S.F.= 1.22+0.39+4.26
= 5.87 t/m
Total B.M.= 1.18+0.37+4.77
= 6.32 tm/m
Check for Depth:
deff,reqd.= { 6.32 x 10^5 / (100 x15.1 ) }^0.5
= 20.46 cms < 21.5cms safe
= 16.21 cm2/m
Amin= 0.12 x 26.5
= 3.18 cm2/m
of 17.48 cm2/m ht.
Check for shear :-
Td = 2.73 kg/cm2
(cl 305.18 IRC:21-2000)
B.M. = 0.2X(1.18+0.37)+0.3X4.77
= 1.43 tm/m
= 3.96 cm2/m
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
= 2.7 t/m
= 1.925 t/m
Total load= 2.7+1.925+ 0.1
= 4.73 t/m
S.F. = 4.73x5.25/2
= 12.42 t
B.M.= 4.73x5.25^2/8
= 16.3 tm
BM = 16.3 tm
= 26 cm
Ixx = 39681.67 cm4
Iyy = 1902.6 cm4
Zxx = 39681.67/26
= 1526.22 cm3
rxx = (39681.67/95)^0.5
= 20.44 cm
ryy = (1902.6/95)^0.5
= 4.48 cm
= 446.25 cm
L/rmin= 446.25/4.48
= 99.61 cm
L/rmin.= 99.61
for d/t= 52/1
= 52
& L/rmin = 99.61 c2/c1= 1.00
x= 267.08x[{(1+(1/20)x(99.61/52)^2)}]^0.5
290.55
y= 26.5x10^5/99.61^2
267.08
k1= 1.00 k2= 0.00
Fcb = 1(290.55+0x267.08)1
= 290.55
scb = (0.66x290.55x250/(290.55^1.4+250^1.4)^(1/1.4))x10.2
= 1101.51 Kg/cm2
Pcb = 16.3x10^5/1526.22
= 1068 kg/cm2 less than 1101.51 kg/cm2 hence safe
(a) D.L. :
= 2.4486 t/m
Total load=
2.4486+0.1
= 2.5486 t/m
S.F.=
2.5486x5.25/2
= 6.69 t
B.M.=
2.5486x5.25^2/8
= 8.78 tm
b) S.I.D.L :
= 0.2 t/m
S.F.= 0.2x5.25/2
= 0.53 t
B.M.= 0.2x5.25^2/8
= 0.69 t/m
Live load
1.35 5.7 5.7
0.65 3.2 1.2 2.65

3.85 3.85

= 9.85 t
= 0.48
= 14.58 t
14.58 14.58
1.275
2.175 1.8
A B
5.25
RA = 12.08 t
RB = 17.08 t
LL BM = 12.08X2.175
= 26.27 tm
14.58 14.58
0.9
2.55 1.8
A B
5.25
RA = 10 t
RB = 19.16 t
LL SF = 19.16 t
Total S.F.= 6.69+0.53+19.16
= 26.38 t
Total B.M.= 8.78+0.69+26.27
= 35.74 tm
beff.= 1+(5.25x100)/10
= 53.5 cm
m= 200/(0.5x30.5)
= 13.11
Thus, m= 13.11
= 4.08 cms
= 108.12 cm2
= 203.12 cm2
= 31.61 cm
= 5.11 cm
= 46.89
Ixx = (4.08x26.5^3/12)+(108.12x18.36^2)+39681.67+(95x20.89^2)
= 123912.32 cm4
Zxx (top of slab)= (123912.32x13.11)/31.61
= 51391.66 cm3
= 24248.99 cm3
= 2642.62 cm3
Deflection check
w = 2.4486+0.1+0.2
= 2.75 t/m
∆ = (5/384)x( w xL^3)/EI
= (5x(2.75x5.25x1000)x(5.25x100)^3)/(384x2000000x123912.32)
= 0.11 cm
14.58 14.58
1.73 1.8 1.725
a C a
5.25
A' B'
a/l= 1.725/5.25
= 0.33
w= 14.58 t
∆ = wl^3/6EI[(3a/4l)-(a/l)^3]
= (14.58x(5.25x100)^3 x1000x((0.75x0.33)-(0.33)^3))/(6x2040000x123912.32)
= 0.3 cm
= 0.41 cm
∆allowable= (5.25x100)/600
Shear connectors
S.F. at centre = 10 t
VL at support= 26.38x10^3x108.12x18.36/123912.32
= 422.61 Kg/cm
VL at centre= 10x10^3x108.12x18.36/123912.32
= 160.2 Kg/cm
= 106.4 KN
= 106.4 KN
= 106400 N
= 10849.39 Kg
= 25.67 cms say 250 mm
= 67.72 cms say 300 mm
Max force = 26.38 t
= 4.95 t
= 6.12 t
Length of 6.0 mm fillet weld required( for welded connection) = 26.38/(0.6X1.1X0.707)
500x10thk web plt

Area = 50x1+22.5x1+22.5x1
= 95.00 cm2
x = [22.5x1x0.5+50x1x26+22.5x1x51.5]/95
26.00 cm
ixx= 1x50^3/12+50x1x0^2+
22.5x1x25.5^2+22.5x1^3/12+22.5x1x-25.5^2
= 39681.67 cm4
iyy= 50x1^3/12+1x22.5^3/12+1x22.5^3/12
= 1902.6 cm4
rxx= (39681.67/95)^0.5
= 20.44 cms
Zxx = 39681.67/26
= 1526.22 cm3
ryy= 4.48 cms
Dead loads
RCC deck = 0.265x2.4X4.7X54.5
= 162.92 t
= 46.33 t
= 21.8 t
= 7.88 t
= 92.65
Total = 331.58 t
= 11.84 t say 11.5 t
Live loads
55.4
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3 3 3

= 0.16
W/2 W/2
0.9 1.8 2.55
5.25

= 0.66
= 0.77 W
load = 1.95X0.5 = 0.98 t/m
total load = 0.98X54.5 = 53.41 t
Ra = Rb = 26.71 t
Live load
(t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t)
L0L2 43.43 27.71 71.14 0.29 20.93 64.36 59.13 tension
L2L4 110.24 67.85 178.09 0.87 59.63 169.87 154.96 tension
L4L6 150.32 89.82 240.14 1.45 86.88 237.20 215.48 tension
L6L7 163.68 95.54 259.22 2.03 95.54 259.22 235.34 tension
U1U3 80.17 50.65 130.82 0.58 40.81 120.98 110.78 comp.
U3U5 133.62 80.58 214.20 1.16 75.58 209.20 190.31 comp.
U5U7 160.34 94.95 255.29 1.74 93.11 253.45 230.17 comp.
U1L1 11.50 16.75 28.25 0.00 1.82 13.32 12.87 tension
U3L3 11.50 16.75 28.25 0.00 4.94 16.44 15.21 tension
U5L5 11.50 16.75 28.25 0.00 8.72 20.22 18.04 tension
U7L7 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.00 15.84 27.34 23.38 tension
U1L0 86.45 55.15 141.60 0.58 41.67 128.12 117.70 comp.
U1L2 73.15 47.32 120.47 0.58 39.57 112.72 102.83 tension
U3L2 59.85 39.97 99.82 0.58 37.47 97.32 87.95 comp.
U3L4 46.55 34.19 80.74 0.58 31.75 78.30 70.36 tension
U5L4 33.25 28.54 61.79 0.58 26.60 59.85 53.20 comp.
U5L6 19.95 22.89 42.84 0.58 22.62 42.57 36.92 tension
U7L6 6.65 17.28 23.93 0.58 13.50 20.15 16.78 comp.
Top chord
Member U1U3
Pmax= 130.82 t
= 130.2 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x15.8+47x0.8x0.4]/130.2
= 11.35 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x4.45^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+47x0.8x10.95^2
= 19182.05 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x732
= 622.2 cm
rxx= (19182.05/130.2)^0.5
= 12.14 cms
Zxx = 19182.05/11.35
= 1690.05 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 622.2/12.14
51.25
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+0.8x47^3/12
30810.74 cm4
ryy= 15.38 cms
Lyy/ryy= 622.2/15.38
= 40.46
Member U3U5
Pmax= 214.20 t
= 162.6 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x16.4+50x1.4x0.7]/162.6
= 9.64 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x6.76^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+50x1.4x8.94^2
= 22666.25 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x732
= 622.2 cm
rxx= (22666.25/162.6)^0.5
= 11.81 cms
Zxx = 22666.25/9.64
= 2351.27 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 622.2/11.81
52.68
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+1.4x50^3/12
38472.54 cm4
ryy= 15.38 cms
Lyy/ryy= 622.2/15.38
= 40.46
Member U5U7
Pmax= 255.29 t
= 202.6 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x17.2+50x2.2x1.1]/202.6
= 8.46 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x8.74^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+50x2.2x7.36^2
= 25872.15 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x732
= 622.2 cm
rxx= (25872.15/202.6)^0.5
= 11.3 cms
Zxx = 25872.15/8.46
= 3058.17 cm3
55.06
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+2.2x50^3/12
46805.87 cm4
ryy= 15.2 cms
Lyy/ryy= 622.2/15.2
= 40.93
Bottom chord
Member L0L2
Pmax = 77.23 t

= 127.6 cm2
29.07
98.53 cm2
150.75 t safe
Member L2L4
Pmax = 186.00 t

= 175.6 cm2
41.31
134.29 cm2
205.46 t safe
Member L4L6
Pmax = 248.93 t
= 223.6 cm2
53.55
170.05 cm2
260.18 t safe
Member L6L7
Pmax = 269.15 t

= 247.6 cm2
59.67
187.93 cm2
287.53 t safe
Vertcal members
Pmax= 28.25 t
Provide ISMB 250
= 47.1 cm2
11.165
35.935 cm2
54.98 t safe
Member U1L0
Pmax= 141.60 t
= 130.2 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x15.8+47x0.8x0.4]/130.2
= 11.35 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x4.45^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+47x0.8x10.95^2
= 19182.05 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x729
= 619.65 cm
rxx= (19182.05/130.2)^0.5
= 12.14 cms
Zxx = 19182.05/11.35
= 1690.05 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 619.65/12.14
51.04
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+0.8x47^3/12
30810.74 cm4
ryy= 15.38 cms
Lyy/ryy= 619.65/15.38
= 40.29
Member U3L2
Pmax= 99.82 t
= 92.6 cm2
= 15 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x15^2
= 12840 cm4
rxx= (12840/92.6)^0.5
= 11.78 cms 250
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x10.15^2+0x0x12.5^2+0x0x13.28^2)+0x0^3/12
10165.88 cm4
ryy= 10.48 cms
Leff= 0.85x729
= 619.65 cm
rmin = 10.48 cms
leff/rmin 619.65/10.48
= 1255.01 kg/cm2
116.21 t safe
Member U5L4
Pmax= 61.79 t
= 81 cm2
= 10 cm
Ixx= 2x(1830+(28.5+0x0+15x0.8)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0.8x15^3/12+0x0x10^2
= 4110 cm4
rxx= (4110/81)^0.5
= 7.12 cms 250
Iyy= 2x(141+28.5x10.32^2+0x0x12.5^2+15x0.8x13.52^2)+0x0^3/12
10739.61 cm4
ryy= 11.51 cms
Leff= 0.85x729
= 619.65 cm
rmin = 7.12 cms
leff/rmin 619.65/7.12
= 951.86 kg/cm2
77.1 t safe
Member U7L6
Pmax= 23.93 t
= 42.6 cm2
= 7.5 cm
Ixx= 2x(788+(21.3+0x0+0x0)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x7.5^2
= 1576 cm4
rxx= (1576/42.6)^0.5 250
= 6.08 cms
Iyy= 2x(103+21.3x10.3^2+0x0x12.5^2+0x0x13.07^2)+0x0^3/12
4725.43 cm4
ryy= 10.53 cms
Leff= 0.85x729
= 619.65 cm
rmin = 6.08 cms
leff/rmin 619.65/6.08
= 802.43 kg/cm2
34.18 t safe
Member U1L2
Pmax= 120.47 t
= 92.6 cm2
10.998
81.602 cm2
124.85 t safe
Member U3L4
Pmax= 80.74 t
= 81 cm2
20.022
60.978 cm2
93.3 t safe
Member U5L6
Pmax= 42.84 t
= 42.6 cm2
5.358
37.242 cm2 250
56.98 t safe
= 4.16 t
= 4.94 t
= 8.58 t
= 4.38 t
= 4.38 t
= 3.48 t
= 3.2 t
= 4.49 t
= 5.61 t
= 6.73 t
= 2.2 t
Top chord joints
Joint U1
Joint U3
= 20.34 t
No. of bolts = 20.34/4.16
= 21.7 t
No. of bolts = 21.7/4.49
= 12.3 t
No. of bolts = 12.3/4.16
Force in web = 130.82 - -20.34X2 - 21.7 - 12.3X2
= 43.84 t
No. of bolts = 43.84/4.16
= 83.38 t
= 127.22 t
No. of bolts = 127.22/4.16
No. of bolts = 28.25/4.16
No. of bolts = 99.82/4.16
No. of bolts = 80.74/4.16
Joint U5
= 37.33 t
No. of bolts = 37.33/4.16
= 49.8 t
No. of bolts = 49.8/4.16
= 16.12 t
No. of bolts = 16.12/4.16
Force in web = 214.2 - 2X37.33 - 2X16.12 -49.8
= 57.5 t
No. of bolts = 57.5/4.16
= 41.09 t
= 98.59 t
No. of bolts = 98.59/4.16
No. of bolts = 28.25/4.16
No. of bolts = 61.79/4.16
No. of bolts = 42.84/3.2
Joint U7
= 44.5 t
No. of bolts = 44.5/4.16
= 74.85 t
No. of bolts = 74.85/4.16
= 19.22 t
No. of bolts = 19.22/4.16
Force in web = 255.29 - 2X44.5 - 74.85 - 2X19.22
= 53 t
No. of bolts = 28.25/4.16
No. of bolts = 23.93/3.2
Bottom chord joints
Joint L0
Joint L2
= 8.93 t
No. of bolts = 8.93/4.16
Force in web = 77.230264 - 4x8.93
= 41.51 t
No. of bolts = 41.510264/
= 108.77 t
= 150.28 t
No. of bolts = 150.280264/4.16
Joint L4
= 15.79 t
No. of bolts = 15.79/4.16
Force in web = 185.998264 - 4X15.79
= 122.84 t
No. of bolts = 122.838264
= 62.93 t
= 185.77 t
No. of bolts = 185.768264/4.16
Joint L6
= 16.69 t
No. of bolts = 16.69/4.16
Force in web = 248.926264 - 4X16.69
= 182.17 t
No. of bolts = 182.166264/4.16
= 20.22 t
= 202.39 t
No. of bolts = 202.386264/4.16
Top chord
Joints – U3
Top flange
= 48.17 cm2
= 52.64 cm2
>1.05x48.17
= 50.58 cm2 okay
Bottom flange
= 9.04 cm2
= 10.64 cm2
>1.05x9.04
= 9.49 cm2 okay
Web
= 15.78 cm2
= 18.13 cm2
>1.05x15.78
= 16.57 cm2 okay
Joints –U5
Top flange
= 74.93 cm2
= 81.2 cm2
>1.05x74.93
= 78.68 cm2 okay
Joints –U7
Top flange
= 107.41 cm2
= 113.68 cm2
>1.05x107.41
= 112.78 cm2 okay
Bottom chord
Joints – L2
Top/Bottom flange
= 11.7 cm2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
Web
= 26.3 cm2
= 32.13 cm2
>1.05x26.3
= 27.62 cm2 okay
Joints – L4
Top/Bottom flange
= 11.7 cm2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
= 44.66 cm2
= 50.49 cm2
>1.05x44.66
= 46.89 cm2 okay
Joints – L6
Top/Bottom flange
= 11.7 cm2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
= 63.02 cm2
= 68.85 cm2
>1.05x63.02
= 66.17 cm2 okay
= 15.07 m2
= 21.8 m2
= 8.82 m2
= 30.62 m2
= 7.54 m2
= 10.9 m2
94.75 m2
= 142.125 m2
= 36.92 m2
= 179.05 m2 say 180 m2
Top chord bracing
= 71.0625 m2 say 75 m2
Wind force = 75X110
Wind force @ 225 kg/m = 54.5X225
= 12262.5 kg loaded structure
= 3000 kg
First panel = (9000 - 0.5X3000)X9.01/5.25
= 12872 kg
Second panel = (9000 - 1.5X3000)X9.01/5.25
= 7723 kg
Third panel = (9000 - 2.5X3000)X9.01/5.25
= 2575 kg
U1U3 (6131.25X3.66 - 510.94X3.66)/5.25 3919.00 compression
U3U5 (5620.31X10.98 - 1021.88X3.66)/5.25 11043.00 compression
U5U7 (5620.31X18.3 - 1021.88X4X3.66)/5.25 16742.00 compression
Pmax= 12872 kg
Check for tension
8.8 cm2
11.36 cm2
k = 8.8X5/(8.8X5+11.36)
= 0.79
= 17.77 cm2
33985.13 kg > 12872 kg hence safe
Provide2ISA 75x75x8
= 22.76 cm2
Leff= 0.85x450.5
= 382.925 cm
Leff/r= 382.925/2.88
= 132.96
= 559.37 kg/cm2
= 15914.02 kg > 12872 kg hence safe
Design of joints
= 2.75 t
= 5.1 t
Bolt value = 2.75 t
No. of bolts = 12.872/2.75
No. of bolts = 7.723/2.75
No. of bolts = 2.575/2.75
= 3540 kg 2.95
= 10390.29 kg 5.25
= 12728.09 kgm
13211.79 kg
25751.79 kg
= 0.99 m
= 27550 kg
= 1.98 m
= 7457.14 kg
= 2933.14 kg
Total = 10390.28 kg
Additional force in bottom chord = (7457.14X7.32)/7.29
= 7487.83 kg
= 18496.5 kgm
Member cf
Force Fac = 25.75 t
BM Fbc = 12.73 tm
Provide 2ISMC300
= 92.6 cm2
= 15 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x15^2
= 12840 cm4
rxx= (12840/92.6)^0.5
= 11.78 cms
Zxx = 12840/15
= 856 cm3
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x16.1^2+0x0x13.75^2+0x0x14.53^2)+0x0^3/12
24628.85 cm4
ryy= 16.31 cms
Leff= 0.85x525
= 446.25 cm
Leffxx/rxx= 446.25/11.78
= 37.88
Leffyy/ryy= 262.5/16.31
= 16.09
133.05 t > 25.75 t hence safe
for d/t= 30/1.36
22.06
& Leff/rmin = 37.88 c2/c1= 1.00
x= 1846.83x[{(1+(1/20)x(37.88/22.06)^2)}]^0.5
1978.29
y= 26.5x10^5/37.88^2
1846.83
k1= 1.00 k2= 0.00
Fcb = 1(1978.29+0x1846.83)1
1978.29

= 1619.58 say 1580.00 kg/cm2
Hence allowable bending capacity = Pcb = 1580X856X10^-5
= Fa/Pac + Fbc/Pbc
= 25.75/133.05 + 12.73/13.52
Alternate Member
Force Fac = 25.75 t
BM Fbc = 12.73 tm
Provide 4ISA75X75X8 + web plt 400x16th 400
Area of the section = 4x11.4+40x1.6+2x0x0
= 109.6 cm2 10
Ixx= 4x(59+11.4x17.86^2)+
1.6x40^3/12+2X0x0^3/12+2X0x0x20^2
= 31848.14 cm4
rxx= (31848.14/109.6)^0.5
= 17.05 cms
Zxx = 31848.14/20
= 1592.41 cm3
Iyy= 4X59+4X11.4x2.64^2+40x1.6^3/12+2X0x0^3/12)
567.47 cm4
ryy= 2.28 cms
Leffxx= 0.85x525
= 446.25 cm
Leffyy= 0.50x525
= 262.5 cm
Leffxx/rxx= 446.25/17.05
= 26.17
= 115.13
78.08 t safe
for d/t= 40/0.8
50
& Leff/rmin = 115.13 c2/c1= 1.00
x= 199.93x[{(1+(1/20)x(115.13/50)^2)}]^0.5
224.87
y= 26.5x10^5/115.13^2
199.93
k1= 1.00 k2= 0.00
Fcb = 1(224.87+0x199.93)1
224.87
= 970.97 say 970.97 kg/cm2
Hence allowable bending capacity = Pcb = 970.97X1592.41X10^-5
= Fa/Pac + Fbc/Pbc
= 25.75/78.08 + 12.73/15.46
Knee brace de
Provide2ISA 65x65x8
= 19.52 cm2
Ixx= 2x37.4
= 74.8 cm4 8
rxx= (74.8/19.52)^0.5
= 1.96 cms
Iyy= 2x(37.4+9.76x2.29^2)
= 177.16 cm4
ryy= 3.01 cms
Leff= 0.85x198
= 168.3 cm
= 55.91
= 70.71
leff/rmin 70.71
= 1130.57 kg/cm2
= 27585.86 kg > 27550 kg hence safe
= 6382.25 kg b m g 1.2
= 6701.61 kg 2.55
= 9549.79 kgm
19350.89 kg
9968.64 kg
= 0.85 m
= 20696.14 kg
= 1.7 m
= 1071.43 kg
= 1912.5 kgm
Member cf
Force Fac = 19.35 t

= 32.3+0+0+0+0
= 32.3 cm2
= 10 cm
Ixx = 2235.4+32.3X0^2+0X0^3/12+0X10^2+0X0^3/12+0X10^2+
0X0^3/12+0X0^2+0X0^3/12+0X0^2
= 2235.4 cm4
Iyy = 150+0X0^3/12+0X0^2+0X0^3/12+0X0^2+0X0^3/12+
0X0.285^2+0X0^3/12+0X0.285^2
= 150 cm4
Zxxtop = 2235.4/(20 - 10)
= 223.54 cm3
= 223.54 cm3
rxx = (2235.4/32.3)^0.5
= 8.32
ryy = (150/32.3)^0.5
= 2.15
Leff= 0.85x525
= 446.25 cm
Leffxx/rxx= 446.25/8.32
= 53.64
= 122.09
leff/rmin 122.09
20.47 t > 19.35 t hence safe
Knee brace de
Provide2ISA 65x65x8
= 19.52 cm2
Ixx= 2x59 8
= 118 cm4
rxx= (118/19.52)^0.5
= 2.46 cms
Iyy= 2x(59+9.76x2.29^2)
= 220.36 cm4
ryy= 3.36 cms
Leff= 0.85x170
= 144.5 cm
= 43.01
= 48.37
leff/rmin 48.37
= 1357.62 kg/cm2
= 26500.74 kg > 20696.14 kg hence safe
= 107.9825 m2 say 110 m2
Wind force = 110X110 + 34.5X300
= 19450 kg
Wind force @ 450 kg/m = 54.5X450
= 24525 kg
26400 kg
0.12x2.5x1/2.5
Dead load effects
= 322 t
= 38.64 t
= 110.8 t
= 45.29 t
= 45.29 t
= 6.47 t
First panel = (22.645 - 0.5X6.47)X9.01/5.25
= 34 t
Second panel = (22.645 - 1.5X6.47)X9.01/5.25
= 23 t
Third panel = (22.645 - 2.5X6.47)X9.01/5.25
= 12 t
Fourth panel = (22.645 - 3.5X6.47)X9.01/5.25
= 0 t
L0L1L2 (22.65X3.66 - 3.235X3.66)/5.25 14.00 tension
L2L3L4 (19.415X10.98 - 6.47X3.66)/5.25 37.00 tension
L4L5L6 (19.415X18.3 - 6.47X4X3.66)/5.25 50.00 tension
L6L7 (19.415X25.62 - 6.47X9X3.66)/5.25 55.00 tension
= 14.71 t
= 1.05 t
Fraction of additional per panel point due to overturning = 1.05/11.5
= 0.09
(t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t)
L0L2 43.43 27.71 71.14 3.91 14.00 7.49 25.40 77.23
L2L4 110.24 67.85 178.09 9.92 37.00 7.49 54.41 186.00
L4L6 150.32 89.82 240.14 13.53 50.00 7.49 71.02 248.93
L6L7 163.68 95.54 259.22 14.73 55.00 7.49 77.22 269.15
U1U3 80.17 50.65 130.82 7.22 3.92 0.00 11.14 113.57
U3U5 133.62 80.58 214.20 12.03 11.04 0.00 23.07 189.82
U5U7 160.34 94.95 255.29 14.43 16.74 0.00 31.17 229.17
U1L1 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.04 0.00 1.07 2.11 24.29
U3L3 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.04 0.00 1.07 2.11 24.29
U5L5 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.04 0.00 1.07 2.11 24.29
U7L7 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.04 0.00 1.07 2.11 24.29
U1L0 86.45 55.15 141.60 7.78 0.00 10.39 18.17 127.82
U1L2 73.15 47.32 120.47 6.58 0.00 0.00 6.58 101.64
U3L2 59.85 39.97 99.82 5.39 0.00 0.00 5.39 84.17
U3L4 46.55 34.19 80.74 4.19 0.00 0.00 4.19 67.94
U5L4 33.25 28.54 61.79 2.99 0.00 0.00 2.99 51.82
U5L6 19.95 22.89 42.84 1.80 0.00 0.00 1.80 35.71
U7L6 6.65 17.28 23.93 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.60 19.62

Pmax.= 255.29 t
For Top Chords
S = 36X2.6
= 93.6 cms
For end post
S = 36X2.6
= 93.6 cms
= 36 cms
= 27 cms say 27
= 3.2 t
= 4.16 t
Moment= (3.2x93.6)/(2X2)
= 74.88 t-cm
= (433.33^2+3x144.44^2)^0.5
= 3.68 t
= 41.57 cms
S = 41.57xsin30X2
= 20.79 cms
rmin = 2.82
S/rmin= 20.79/2.82
= 7.37 safe
r = 2.5/4
= 0.625 cm
l/rmin = 41.57/0.625
= 66.51
5.78 t safe
For Bottom chord
Pmax.= 259.22 t
S = 300X2.82
= 846 cms
= 37 cms
= 18.5 cms say 19
= 3.25 t
= 4.4 t
Moment= (3.25x100)/(2X2)
= 81.25 t-cm
= (445.12^2+3x148.65^2)^0.5
Pmax.= 120.47 t
S = 300X2.2
= 660 cms
= 17 cms
= 8.75 cms say 9
= 1.51 t
= 3.89 t
Moment= (1.51x90)/(2X2)
= 33.98 t-cm
= (832.16^2+3x277.86^2)^0.5
Pmax.= 99.82 t
S = 42X2.2
= 92.4 cms
= 16 cms
= 13.125 cms say 14
= 1.25 t
= 3.3 t
Moment= (1.25x92.4)/(2X2)
= 28.88 t-cm
= (707.27^2+3x235.71^2)^0.5
L P A U D DxU 2xDxU
L0L2 732.00 64.36 127.60 0.29 369.21 107.07 214.14
L2L4 732.00 169.87 175.60 0.87 708.11 616.06 1232.12
L4L6 732.00 237.20 223.60 1.45 776.52 1125.96 2251.91
L6L7 366.00 259.22 247.60 2.03 383.18 777.85 1555.70
U1U3 732.00 120.98 130.20 0.58 680.16 394.50 788.99
U3U5 732.00 209.20 162.60 1.16 941.79 1092.47 2184.94
U5U7 732.00 253.45 202.60 1.74 915.72 1593.36 3186.71
U1L1 630.00 13.32 47.10 0.00 178.17 0.00 0.00
U3L3 630.00 16.44 47.10 0.00 219.90 0.00 0.00
U5L5 630.00 20.22 47.10 0.00 270.46 0.00 0.00
U7L7 630.00 27.34 47.10 1.00 365.69 365.69 731.39
U1L0 729.00 128.12 130.20 0.58 717.35 416.07 832.13
U1L2 729.00 112.72 92.60 0.58 887.40 514.69 1029.38
U3L2 729.00 97.32 92.60 0.58 766.16 444.37 888.74
U3L4 729.00 78.30 81.00 0.58 704.70 408.73 817.45
U5L4 729.00 59.85 81.00 0.58 538.65 312.42 624.83
U5L6 729.00 42.57 42.60 0.58 728.49 422.52 845.04
U7L6 729.00 20.15 42.60 0.58 344.82 200.00 399.99
TOTAL 17583.49
∆ = UPL/AE
Where UPL/A= 17583.49x1000
= 17583490 kg/cm
E = 2040000 kg/cm2
∆ = 17583490/2040000
= 8.62 cms
= 5390/600
= 8.98 cms safe
L P A U D DxU 2xDxU
L0L2 732.00 59.13 127.60 0.29 339.20 98.37 196.73
L2L4 732.00 154.96 175.60 0.87 645.97 561.99 1123.99
L4L6 732.00 215.48 223.60 1.45 705.42 1022.86 2045.71
L6L7 366.00 235.34 247.60 2.03 347.87 706.18 1412.35
U1U3 732.00 110.78 130.20 0.58 622.80 361.23 722.45
U3U5 732.00 190.31 162.60 1.16 856.72 993.80 1987.60
U5U7 732.00 230.17 202.60 1.74 831.62 1447.02 2894.04
U1L1 630.00 12.87 47.10 0.00 172.08 0.00 0.00
U3L3 630.00 15.21 47.10 0.00 203.38 0.00 0.00
U5L5 630.00 18.04 47.10 0.00 241.30 0.00 0.00
U7L7 630.00 23.38 47.10 1.00 312.73 312.73 625.45
U1L0 729.00 117.70 130.20 0.58 659.03 382.23 764.47
U1L2 729.00 102.83 92.60 0.58 809.52 469.52 939.04
U3L2 729.00 87.95 92.60 0.58 692.41 401.60 803.20
U3L4 729.00 70.36 81.00 0.58 633.26 367.29 734.58
U5L4 729.00 53.20 81.00 0.58 478.80 277.70 555.41
U5L6 729.00 36.92 42.60 0.58 631.71 366.39 732.79
U7L6 729.00 16.78 42.60 0.58 287.07 166.50 333.00
TOTAL 15870.81
∆ = UPL/AE
Where UPL/A= 15870.81x1000
= 15870810 kg/cm
E = 2040000 kg/cm2
∆ = 15870810/2040000
= 7.78 cms say 15.00 cms
Y= 150 mm
gives => a = 150/26950^2
= 2.1E-07
X 0.00 3850.00 11550.00 19250.00 26950.00 26950.00
Y 0.00 3.06 27.55 76.53 150.00 150.00
Y' 150.00 146.94 122.45 73.47 0.00 0.00

Refer cl. 508.11.1 of IRC 24 - 2001
= 125.03 t
d3*sqrt(3)/t = 33.28XSQRT(3)/0.88
= 65.5
= 83.61 t
= 35.2 cms
Area= 1x(7.5x1.6)+(35.2x0.88)
= 42.98 cm2
Ixx= 1x((1.6x7.5^3/12)+1.6x7.5x(3.75+0.44)^2) 0
= 266.92 cm4
rxx= SQRT(266.92/42.98)
= 2.49 cm
L/rxx= (0.7x40)/2.49
= 11.24
= 131.23 t
= 322 t
H= 10.61 t RDL = 80.5 t
7.13 t
Or 10.61/2+0.03x(80.5+35.43)
8.78 t
Loads on bearings
0.47 t
= 0.12x2.5x1/2.5
0.12
= 38.64 t
= 19.32 t
= 19.32 t
= 4.83 t
= 8.78+19.32= 28.1 t Seismic case
Maximum horizontal force on roller bearing = 0.03x(R DL
+R LL
)
= 0.03x(80.5+40.49)
3.63 t Normal case
= 3.63+0.03x4.83
Rocker Normal 80.5+40.49 + 12.74 8.78
133.73 say = 134
Seismic 134+4.83 8.78+19.32
138.83 say = 139 = 28.1
Seismic 139 3.77
117x10-7x85x53.9x10^3
53.6 mm
say 52 mm
Top Plate 400
top plt.
70 134 t 45
8.78 25
70
280 bottom plt.
400
63.81 + 3.07
= 63.81/1897 + 3.07/1530
0.034 + 0.002
= 0.036 <1 safe
44.67 + 3.07
Pmax = 47.74
Pmin = 41.6
47.74
41.6
200 200

9343.33 kgcm/cm
= 32+2.5 = 34.5 mm
Or 32x1.1 = 35.2 mm Adopt 34.5 mm
612 mm
= 458.01 cm3
(cl 906.5.1) = 134x10^3x9.807/2x8x612
134.21 mm
400
r =812.5 top plt.
70 45
h
h= 2x812.5x-+(1625^2-400^2)^0.5/2
25 mm say 25 mm
134 t
8.78
70
280 bottom plt.
400
63.81 + 3.07
= 63.81/72.12 + 3.07/68.03
= 0.88 + 0.04
= 0.92 ~1 o.k.
Rocker pins
= 32.81 t safe
= 32.81 t safe
Anchor bolts
= 41.72 t safe
= 41.72 t safe
400
134 t
3.63
B A
50
400
200 bottom plt

Check for roller
= 200/2-26 74 mm
= 84.51 t
= 49.49 t
safe
Saddle plate
= 200+50x2+10
310 mm
400
134 t
3.63
50
200 bottom plt.
200
400
= 134x10^3x200/200x20/8+3.63x10^3x5/20)x20/2
= 294800 + 9075
= 303875 kgcm
= 12+2 = 14 mm
694 mm
= 198.61 cm3
49.49 84.51
B 3.63 A
50
126 126 74
74
400
= 134x10^3/75x40 +(134x10^3x2.6+ 3.63x10^3x5)x6/75x40^2
= 44.67 + 18.33
= 44.67/72.12 + 18.33/68.03
= 0.62 + 0.27
= 0.89 ~ 1 o.k.
44.67 + 18.33
Pmax = 63
Pmin = 26.34
a b c
56.22 63
26.34 37.89
200 200
Maxm BM at a = (37.89+2x26.34)x12.6^2/6
= 2396.48 kgcm/cm
Maxm BM at b = 84.51x10^3x12.6/75 - (44.67+2x63)x20^2/6
= 14197.68 - 11378
2819.68 kgcm/cm
Maxm BM at c = (56.22+2x63)x7.4^2/6
= 1663.06 kgcm/cm
= 12+2 = 14 mm
714 mm
= 1.84 cm3
Lugs
= 5.88 t safe
= 5.88 t safe
Anchor bolts
= 6.84 t safe
= 6.84 t safe
Refer cl. 508.11.1 of IRC 24 - 2001
Load = 134 t
d3*sqrt(3)/t = 24.08XSQRT(3)/0.78
= 53.47
= 61.36 t
= 31.2 cms 0
Area= 1x(7.5x1)+(31.2x0.78)
= 31.84 cm2
Ixx= 1x((1x7.5^3/12)+1x7.5x(3.75+0.39)^2)
= 163.7 cm4 31.2
rxx= SQRT(163.7/31.84)
= 2.27 cm
L/rxx= (0.7x40)/2.27
= 12.33
= 97.16 t
Joint L0
U1
200
100 200
#REF!
L0 L1
16 10.63
224.53 275.47
500
Fig 1
= #REF! t
= #REF! t
#REF!
= (70 - 23.5)X16/70
= 10.63 mm
to figure 1
on the tension side
gives Z = 275.47 mm
= 6520.73 mm2
say 65 cm2
MOI = 2X{10.63X275.47^3/3+16X224.53^3/3}
= 2.69E+08 mm4
= 26887.77 cm4
#REF!
= #REF!
= #REF! t-cm
= #REF!
Joint L2
U1
U3
200 112 500
#REF!
L1 L2 L3
6.86 10
444.14 367.86
812
figure 2
= #REF! t
= #REF! t
= #REF! t
= #REF! t
#REF!
= (70 - 22)X10/70
= 6.86 mm
to figure 2
on the tension side
gives Z = 444.14 mm
= 6725.4 mm2
say 67 cm2
MOI = 2X{6.86X444.14^3/3+10X367.86^3/3}
= 7.33E+08 mm4
= 73253.64 cm4
#REF!
= #REF!
= #REF! t-cm
= #REF!
Members U0L1
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 42.14 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U1L2
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 33.11 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U2L3,U0L0
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 16.87 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U3L4
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 18.06 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U4L5,U2L2
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 8.56 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 11.05 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U5L6,U4L4
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 5.82 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 7.05 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U1L1
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 8.56 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 19.89 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U3L3
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 5.82 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 11.28 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members #REF!
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 4.85 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 5.64 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
super 476

(SUPERSTRUCTURE)
CLIENT
JAMMU
DEPARTMENT
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
CONSULTANTS
HIGH RISE DESIGNERS
59/4 NANAK NAGAR
JAMMU
super 477
1.0 INTRODUCTION :
5250 mm c/c .

super 478
DESIGN OF RCC DECK

Interior panel
Design constants
Concrete Grade M 30
Steel Grade Fe 415
Modular ratio 10
n= 1 / { ( 1 + 2040 / ( 10 x 102 ) }
= 0.333
j= 1 - 0.333 / 3
= 0.889
= 15.1 kg/cm2
Interior Panel
= 0.636 t/m2
S.F.= 0.636x3.66/2
= 1.16 t/m2
B.M.= 0.636X3.66^2/8
= 1.06 tm/m
= 0.2 t/m2
S.F.= 0.2x3.66/2
= 0.37 t/m
B.M.= 0.2x3.66^2/8
= 0.33 tm/m

super 479

Maximum BM
Case 1
5.7 5.7 500 500
Load 2 0.6 0.6 Load 1
1.53 0.93
k c c k
1.2 1.8
A 3.66 4.7

k= 0.225 m
For load (1 )
b/lo= 5.25/3.66 = 1.43
= 2.5x0.93x(1-0.93/3.66)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 2.39 m
= 2.095 m
= 0.94 m
= 4.2 t/m
= 4.47
For load (2 )
= 2.5x1.53x(1-1.53/3.66)+(0.5+(2x0.08))
= 2.89 m
= 2.345 m
= 3.76 t/m
= 4 t/m2
Reaction at A= (4.2x0.93+3.76x2.13)/3.66
= 3.26 t/m
B.M. at C= 3.26x1.53 - 4X0.47^2/2
= 4.55 tm/m
super 480
Case 2
5.7
Load 1
1.83 1.83
A 3.66

For load (1 )
b/lo= 5.25/3.66 = 1.43
Thus,α = 2.5
= 2.5x1.83x(1-1.83/3.66)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 2.95 m
= 2.38 m
= 0.94 m
= 3.7 t/m
= 3.18
= 1.85 t/m
B.M. at C= 3.7x3.66/4 - 3.7X0.94/8
= 2.95 tm/m
Maximum SF
5.7 5.7
Load 2 0.6 0.6 Load 1
0.47 1.99
1.2
B
3.66 A
super 481

For load 1
beff.= 2.5x1.99x(1-1.99/3.66)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 2.93 m
= 2.37 m
= 3.72
= 3.95
= 9.74
For load 2
beff.= 2.5x0.47x(1-0.47/3.66)+{0.5+(2x0.08)}
= 1.68 m
= 1.68 m
= 5.24
= 5.58
Reaction at B = 5.24X3.19+9.74X1.99/3.66
= 9.86 t
S.F. at deff.= 5.12 - 3.95x0.205
= 4.31
Total S.F.= 1.16+0.37+4.31
= 5.84 t/m
Total B.M.= 1.06+0.33+4.55
= 5.94 tm/m
Check for Depth:
deff,reqd.= { 5.94 x 10^5 / (100 x15.1 ) }^0.5
= 19.83 cms < 20.5cms safe
= 15.98 cm2/m
Amin= 0.12 x 26.5
= 3.18 cm2/m
of 16.08 cm2/m ht.
Check for shear :-
Td = 2.85 kg/cm2
super 482

(cl 305.18 IRC:21-2000)
B.M. = 0.2X(1.06+0.33)+0.3X4.55
= 1.37 tm/m
= 4 cm2/m
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
= 2.57 t/m
= 1.83 t/m
Total load= 2.57+1.83+ 0.1
= 4.5 t/m
S.F. = 4.5x5.25/2
= 11.81 t
B.M.= 4.5x5.25^2/8
= 15.5 tm
BM = 15.5 tm
= 26 cm
Ixx = 39681.67 cm4
Iyy = 1902.6 cm4
Zxx = 39681.67/26
= 1526.22 cm3
rxx = (39681.67/95)^0.5
= 20.44 cm
ryy = (1902.6/95)^0.5
= 4.48 cm
= 446.25 cm
L/rmin= 446.25/4.48
= 99.61 cm
L/rmin.= 99.61
super 483

for d/t= 52/1
= 52
& L/rmin = 99.61 c2/c1= 1.00
x= 267.08x[{(1+(1/20)x(99.61/52)^2)}]^0.5
290.55
y= 26.5x10^5/99.61^2
267.08
k1= 1.00 k2= 0.00
Fcb = 1(290.55+0x267.08)1
= 290.55
scb = (0.66x290.55x250/(290.55^1.4+250^1.4)^(1/1.4))x10.2
= 1101.51 Kg/cm2
Pcb = 15.5x10^5/1526.22
(a) D.L. :
= 2.32776 t/m
Total load= 2.32776+0.1
= 2.42776 t/m
S.F.= 2.42776x5.25/2
= 6.37 t
B.M.= 2.42776x5.25^2/8
= 8.36 tm
b) S.I.D.L :
= 0.2 t/m
S.F.= 0.2x5.25/2
= 0.53 t
B.M.= 0.2x5.25^2/8
= 0.69 t/m
Live load
1.35 5.7 5.7
0.46 3.2 1.2 2.46

super 484
3.66 3.66

= 9.7 t
= 0.48
= 14.36 t
14.36 14.36
1.275
2.175 1.8
A B
5.25
RA = 11.9 t
RB = 16.82 t
LL BM = 11.9X2.175
= 25.88 tm
14.36 14.36
0.9
2.55 1.8
A B
5.25
RA = 9.85 t
RB = 18.87 t
LL SF = 18.87 t
Total S.F.= 6.37+0.53+18.87
= 25.77 t
Total B.M.= 8.36+0.69+25.88
= 34.93 tm
beff.= 1+(5.25x100)/10
= 53.5 cm
m= 200/(0.5x30.5)
= 13.11
Thus, m= 13.11
= 4.08 cms
= 108.12 cm2
super 485

= 203.12 cm2
= 31.61 cm
= 5.11 cm
= 46.89
Ixx = (4.08x26.5^3/12)+(108.12x18.36^2)+39681.67+(95x20.89^2)
= 123912.32 cm4
Zxx (top of slab)= (123912.32x13.11)/31.61
= 51391.66 cm3
= 24248.99 cm3
= 2642.62 cm3
Deflection check
w = 2.32776+0.1+0.2
= 2.63 t/m
∆ = (5/384)x( w xL^3)/EI
= (5x(2.63x5.25x1000)x(5.25x100)^3)/(384x2000000x123912.32)
= 0.11 cm
14.36 14.36
1.73 1.8 1.725
a C a
5.25
A' B'
a/l= 1.725/5.25
= 0.33
w= 14.36 t
∆ = wl^3/6EI[(3a/4l)-(a/l)^3]
super 486
= (14.36x(5.25x100)^3 x1000x((0.75x0.33)-(0.33)^3))/(6x2040000x123912.32)
= 0.29 cm
= 0.40 cm
∆allowable= (5.25x100)/600
Shear connectors
VL at support= 25.77x10^3x108.12x18.36/123912.32
= 412.84 Kg/cm
VL at centre= 9.85x10^3x108.12x18.36/123912.32
= 157.8 Kg/cm
= 106.4 KN
= 106.4 KN
= 106400 N
= 10849.39 Kg
= 26.28 cms say 250 mm
= 68.75 cms say 300 mm
bolted to the web of cross girder and bottom chord
Max force = 25.77 t
connection with bottom chord
= 4.95 t
thickness of web of ISMC 300 ( 7.8 mm )= 2.55X2.4X0.78
= 4.77 t
connection with cross girder
= 2.2 t
super 487

= 4.08 t
500x10thk web plt

Area = 50x1+22.5x1+22.5x1
= 95.00 cm2
x = [22.5x1x0.5+50x1x26+22.5x1x51.5]/95
26.00 cm
ixx= 1x50^3/12+50x1x0^2+
22.5x1x25.5^2+22.5x1^3/12+22.5x1x-25.5^2
= 39681.67 cm4
iyy= 50x1^3/12+1x22.5^3/12+1x22.5^3/12
= 1902.6 cm4
rxx= (39681.67/95)^0.5
= 20.44 cms
Zxx = 39681.67/26
= 1526.22 cm3
ryy= 4.48 cms
Dead loads
RCC deck = 0.265x2.4X4.7X51.84
= 154.97 t
= 44.07 t
= 20.74 t
= 7.88 t
= 88.128
Total = 315.79 t
super 488

= 11.28 t say 11.5 t
Live loads
55.4
2.7 2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3 3 3

= 0.16
W/2 W/2
0.9 1.8 2.55
5.25

= 0.66
Hence Multiplying factor = (1.16X0.66)XW = 0.77 W
load = 1.95X0.5 = 0.98 t/m
total load = 0.98X51.84 = 50.8 t
Ra = Rb = 25.4 t
Live load
(t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t)
L0L2 43.43 27.71 71.14 0.29 20.93 64.36 59.13 tension
L2L4 110.24 67.85 178.09 0.87 59.63 169.87 154.96 tension
L4L6 150.32 89.82 240.14 1.45 86.88 237.20 215.48 tension
L6L7 163.68 95.54 259.22 2.03 95.54 259.22 235.34 tension
U1U3 80.17 50.65 130.82 0.58 40.81 120.98 110.78 comp.
super 489
U3U5 133.62 80.58 214.20 1.16 75.58 209.20 190.31 comp.

U5U7 160.34 94.95 255.29 1.74 93.11 253.45 230.17 comp.
U1L1 11.50 16.75 28.25 0.00 1.82 13.32 12.87 tension
U3L3 11.50 16.75 28.25 0.00 4.94 16.44 15.21 tension
U5L5 11.50 16.75 28.25 0.00 8.72 20.22 18.04 tension
U7L7 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.00 15.84 27.34 23.38 tension
U1L0 86.45 55.15 141.60 0.58 41.67 128.12 117.70 comp.
U1L2 73.15 47.32 120.47 0.58 39.57 112.72 102.83 tension
U3L2 59.85 39.97 99.82 0.58 37.47 97.32 87.95 comp.
U3L4 46.55 34.19 80.74 0.58 31.75 78.30 70.36 tension
U5L4 33.25 28.54 61.79 0.58 26.60 59.85 53.20 comp.
U5L6 19.95 22.89 42.84 0.58 22.62 42.57 36.92 tension
U7L6 6.65 17.28 23.93 0.58 13.50 20.15 16.78 comp.
Top chord
Member U1U3
Pmax= 130.82 t
= 130.2 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x15.8+47x0.8x0.4]/130.2
= 11.35 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x4.45^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+47x0.8x10.95^2
= 19182.05 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x732
= 622.2 cm
rxx= (19182.05/130.2)^0.5
= 12.14 cms
Zxx = 19182.05/11.35
= 1690.05 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 622.2/12.14
51.25
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+0.8x47^3/12
30810.74 cm4
ryy= 15.38 cms
Lyy/ryy= 622.2/15.38
= 40.46
super 490

Member U3U5
Pmax= 214.20 t
= 162.6 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x16.4+50x1.4x0.7]/162.6
= 9.64 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x6.76^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+50x1.4x8.94^2
= 22666.25 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x732
= 622.2 cm
rxx= (22666.25/162.6)^0.5
= 11.81 cms
Zxx = 22666.25/9.64
= 2351.27 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 622.2/11.81
52.68
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+1.4x50^3/12
38472.54 cm4
ryy= 15.38 cms
Lyy/ryy= 622.2/15.38
= 40.46
Member U5U7
Pmax= 255.29 t
= 202.6 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x17.2+50x2.2x1.1]/202.6
= 8.46 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x8.74^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+50x2.2x7.36^2
= 25872.15 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x732
super 491
= 622.2 cm
rxx= (25872.15/202.6)^0.5
= 11.3 cms
Zxx = 25872.15/8.46
= 3058.17 cm3
55.06
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+2.2x50^3/12
46805.87 cm4
ryy= 15.2 cms
Lyy/ryy= 622.2/15.2
= 40.93
Bottom chord
Member L0L2
Pmax = 76.83 t

= 127.6 cm2
29.07
98.53 cm2
150.75 t safe
Member L2L4
Pmax = 185.60 t

= 175.6 cm2
41.31
super 492

134.29 cm2
205.46 t safe
Member L4L6
Pmax = 248.53 t

= 223.6 cm2
53.55
170.05 cm2
260.18 t safe
Member L6L7
Pmax = 268.75 t

= 247.6 cm2
59.67
187.93 cm2
287.53 t safe
Vertcal members
Pmax= 28.25 t
Provide ISMB 250
= 47.1 cm2
super 493

11.165
35.935 cm2
54.98 t safe
Member U1L0
Pmax= 141.60 t
= 130.2 cm2
[(46.3x2+0x0x2+0x0x2)x15.8+47x0.8x0.4]/130.2
= 11.35 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x4.45^2+ 270
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+47x0.8x10.95^2
= 19182.05 cm4
Leffxx= 0.85x729
= 619.65 cm
rxx= (19182.05/130.2)^0.5
= 12.14 cms
Zxx = 19182.05/11.35
= 1690.05 cm3
Leffxx/rxx= 619.65/12.14
51.04
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x15.85^2+0x0x13.5^2+0x0x14.28^2)+0.8x47^3/12
30810.74 cm4
ryy= 15.38 cms
Lyy/ryy= 619.65/15.38
= 40.29
Member U3L2
Pmax= 99.82 t
= 92.6 cm2
= 15 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x0^2+
super 494
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x15^2
= 12840 cm4
rxx= (12840/92.6)^0.5
= 11.78 cms 250
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x10.15^2+0x0x12.5^2+0x0x13.28^2)+0x0^3/12
10165.88 cm4
ryy= 10.48 cms
Leff= 0.85x729
= 619.65 cm
rmin = 10.48 cms
leff/rmin 619.65/10.48
= 1255.01 kg/cm2
116.21 t safe
Member U5L4
Pmax= 61.79 t
= 81 cm2
= 10 cm
Ixx= 2x(1830+(28.5+0x0+15x0.8)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0.8x15^3/12+0x0x10^2
= 4110 cm4
rxx= (4110/81)^0.5
= 7.12 cms 250
Iyy= 2x(141+28.5x10.32^2+0x0x12.5^2+15x0.8x13.52^2)+0x0^3/12
10739.61 cm4
ryy= 11.51 cms
Leff= 0.85x729
= 619.65 cm
rmin = 7.12 cms
leff/rmin 619.65/7.12
= 951.86 kg/cm2
77.1 t safe
Member U7L6
super 495
Pmax= 23.93 t
= 42.6 cm2
= 7.5 cm
Ixx= 2x(788+(21.3+0x0+0x0)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x7.5^2
= 1576 cm4
rxx= (1576/42.6)^0.5 250
= 6.08 cms
Iyy= 2x(103+21.3x10.3^2+0x0x12.5^2+0x0x13.07^2)+0x0^3/12
4725.43 cm4
ryy= 10.53 cms
Leff= 0.85x729
= 619.65 cm
rmin = 6.08 cms
leff/rmin 619.65/6.08
= 802.43 kg/cm2
34.18 t safe
Member U1L2
Pmax= 120.47 t
= 92.6 cm2
10.998
81.602 cm2
124.85 t safe
Member U3L4
Pmax= 80.74 t
super 496
= 81 cm2
20.022
60.978 cm2
93.3 t safe
Member U5L6
Pmax= 42.84 t
= 42.6 cm2
No of bolts in one web = 2 250
5.358
37.242 cm2
56.98 t safe
= 4.16 t
= 4.94 t
= 8.58 t
= 4.38 t
= 4.38 t
= 3.48 t
super 497
= 3.2 t
= 4.49 t
= 5.61 t
= 6.73 t
Using 16 mm dia bolts ( turned & fitted bolts ) for all Verticals
= 2.2 t
Top chord joints
Joint U1
Joint U3
= 20.34 t
No. of bolts = 20.34/4.16
= 21.7 t
No. of bolts = 21.7/4.49
= 12.3 t
No. of bolts = 12.3/4.16
Force in web = 130.82 - -20.34X2 - 21.7 - 12.3X2
= 43.84 t
No. of bolts = 43.84/4.16
= 83.38 t
= 127.22 t
super 498
No. of bolts = 127.22/4.16

No. of bolts = 28.25/2.2
No. of bolts = 99.82/4.16
No. of bolts = 80.74/4.16
Joint U5
= 37.33 t
No. of bolts = 37.33/4.16
= 49.8 t
No. of bolts = 49.8/4.16
= 16.12 t
No. of bolts = 16.12/4.16
Force in web = 214.2 - 2X37.33 - 2X16.12 -49.8
= 57.5 t
No. of bolts = 57.5/4.16
= 41.09 t
= 98.59 t
No. of bolts = 98.59/4.16
No. of bolts = 28.25/2.2
No. of bolts = 61.79/4.16
super 499
No. of bolts = 42.84/3.2

Joint U7
= 44.5 t
No. of bolts = 44.5/4.16
= 74.85 t
No. of bolts = 74.85/4.16
= 19.22 t
No. of bolts = 19.22/4.16
Force in web = 255.29 - 2X44.5 - 74.85 - 2X19.22
= 53 t
No. of bolts = 28.25/2.2
No. of bolts = 23.93/3.2
Bottom chord joints
Joint L0
Joint L2
= 8.89 t
No. of bolts = 8.89/4.16
Force in web = 76.830912 - 4x8.89
= 41.27 t
No. of bolts = 41.270912/
super 500
= 108.77 t
= 150.04 t
No. of bolts = 150.040912/4.16
Joint L4
= 15.75 t
No. of bolts = 15.75/4.16
Force in web = 185.598912 - 4X15.75
= 122.60 t
No. of bolts = 122.598912
= 62.93 t
= 185.53 t
No. of bolts = 185.528912/4.16
Joint L6
= 16.66 t
No. of bolts = 16.66/4.16
= 4 Provide 5 no.s
Force in web = 248.526912 - 4X16.66
= 181.89 t
No. of bolts = 181.886912/4.16
= 20.22 t
= 202.11 t
No. of bolts = 202.106912/4.16
Top chord
super 501
Joints – U3
Top flange
= 48.17 cm2
= 52.64 cm2
>1.05x48.17
= 50.58 cm2 okay
Bottom flange
= 9.04 cm2
= 10.64 cm2
>1.05x9.04
= 9.49 cm2 okay
Web
= 15.78 cm2
= 18.13 cm2
>1.05x15.78
= 16.57 cm2 okay
Joints –U5
Top flange
= 74.93 cm2
= 81.2 cm2
>1.05x74.93
= 78.68 cm2 okay
Joints –U7
Top flange
= 107.41 cm2
= 113.68 cm2
>1.05x107.41
= 112.78 cm2 okay
super 502

Bottom chord
Joints – L2
Top/Bottom flange
= 11.7 cm2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
Web
= 26.3 cm2
= 32.13 cm2
>1.05x26.3
= 27.62 cm2 okay
Joints – L4
Top/Bottom flange
= 11.7 cm2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
= 44.66 cm2
= 50.49 cm2
>1.05x44.66
= 46.89 cm2 okay
Joints – L6
Top/Bottom flange
= 11.7 cm2
= 15.3 cm2
>1.05x11.7
= 12.29 cm2 okay
super 503

= 63.02 cm2
= 68.85 cm2
>1.05x63.02
= 66.17 cm2 okay
= 14.34 m2
= 20.74 m2
= 8.82 m2
= 30.62 m2
= 7.17 m2
= 10.37 m2
92.06 m2
= 138.09 m2
= 35.12 m2
= 173.21 m2 say 175 m2
Top chord bracing
= 69.045 m2 say 70 m2
Wind force = 70X110
Wind force @ 225 kg/m = 51.84X225
= 2800 kg
super 504
First panel = (8400 - 0.5X2800)X9.01/5.25

= 12014 kg
Second panel = (8400 - 1.5X2800)X9.01/5.25
= 7208 kg
Third panel = (8400 - 2.5X2800)X9.01/5.25
= 2403 kg
U5U7 (5346X18.3 - 972X4X3.66)/5.25 15925.00 compression
Pmax= 12014 kg
Check for tension
8.8 cm2
11.36 cm2
k = 8.8X5/(8.8X5+11.36)
= 0.79
= 17.77 cm2
33985.13 kg > 12014 kg hence safe
Provide2ISA 75x75x8
= 22.76 cm2
Leff= 0.85x450.5
= 382.925 cm
Leff/r= 382.925/2.88
= 132.96
= 559.37 kg/cm2
= 15914.02 kg > 12014 kg hence safe
Design of joints
super 505

= 2.75 t
= 5.1 t
Bolt value = 2.75 t
No. of bolts = 12.014/2.75
No. of bolts = 7.208/2.75
No. of bolts = 2.403/2.75
= 3540 kg 2.95
= 9893.14 kg 5.25
= 12119.1 kgm
12579.64 kg
24519.64 kg
= 0.99 m
= 26231.82 kg
= 1.98 m
= 6960 kg
= 2933.14 kg
Total = 9893.14 kg
Additional force in bottom chord = (6960X7.32)/7.29
= 6988.64 kg
super 506

= 17611.5 kgm
Member cf
Force Fac = 24.52 t
BM Fbc = 12.12 tm
Provide 2ISMC300
= 92.6 cm2
= 15 cm
Ixx= 2x(6420+(46.3+0x0+0x0)x0^2+
0x0^3/12+0x0^3/12+0x0x15^2
= 12840 cm4
rxx= (12840/92.6)^0.5
= 11.78 cms
Zxx = 12840/15
= 856 cm3
Iyy= 2x(313+46.3x2.95^2+0x0x0.6^2+0x0x1.38^2)+0x0^3/12
1431.85 cm4
ryy= 3.93 cms
Leff= 0.85x525
= 446.25 cm
Leffxx/rxx= 446.25/11.78
= 37.88
= 66.79
108.68 t > 24.52 t hence safe
for d/t= 30/1.36
22.06
& Leff/rmin = 66.79 c2/c1= 1.00
x= 594.05x[{(1+(1/20)x(66.79/22.06)^2)}]^0.5
717.38
y= 26.5x10^5/66.79^2
594.05
k1= 1.00 k2= 0.00
Fcb = 1(717.38+0x594.05)1
717.38
super 507

= 1452.85 say 1452.85 kg/cm2
Hence allowable bending capacity = Pcb = 1452.85X856X10^-5
= Fa/Pac + Fbc/Pbc
= 24.52/108.68 + 12.12/12.44
Knee brace de
Provide2ISA 65x65x8
= 19.52 cm2
Ixx= 2x37.4
= 74.8 cm4 8
rxx= (74.8/19.52)^0.5
= 1.96 cms
Iyy= 2x(37.4+9.76x2.29^2)
= 177.16 cm4
ryy= 3.01 cms
Leff= 0.85x198
= 168.3 cm
= 55.91
= 70.71
leff/rmin 70.71
= 1130.57 kg/cm2
= 27585.86 kg > 26231.82 kg hence safe
= 6382.25 kg b m g 1.2
= 6558.75 kg 2.55
= 9346.22 kgm
18938.39 kg
super 508
9756.14 kg
= 0.85 m
= 20254.96 kg
= 1.7 m
= 1000 kg
= 1785 kgm
Member cf
Force Fac = 18.94 t

= 32.3+0+0+0+0
= 32.3 cm2
= 10 cm
Ixx = 2235.4+32.3X0^2+0X0^3/12+0X10^2+0X0^3/12+0X10^2+
0X0^3/12+0X0^2+0X0^3/12+0X0^2
= 2235.4 cm4
Iyy = 150+0X0^3/12+0X0^2+0X0^3/12+0X0^2+0X0^3/12+
0X0.285^2+0X0^3/12+0X0.285^2
= 150 cm4
Zxxtop = 2235.4/(20 - 10)
= 223.54 cm3
= 223.54 cm3
rxx = (2235.4/32.3)^0.5
= 8.32
ryy = (150/32.3)^0.5
= 2.15
Leff= 0.85x525
= 446.25 cm
Leffxx/rxx= 446.25/8.32
= 53.64
super 509
= 122.09
leff/rmin 122.09
20.47 t > 18.94 t hence safe
Knee brace de
Provide2ISA 65x65x8
= 19.52 cm2
Ixx= 2x59 8
= 118 cm4
rxx= (118/19.52)^0.5
= 2.46 cms
Iyy= 2x(59+9.76x2.29^2)
= 220.36 cm4
ryy= 3.36 cms
Leff= 0.85x170
= 144.5 cm
= 43.01
= 48.37
leff/rmin 48.37
= 1357.62 kg/cm2
= 26500.74 kg > 20254.96 kg hence safe
= 104.165 m2 say 110 m2
Wind force = 110X110 + 31.84X300
= 18652 kg
Wind force @ 450 kg/m = 51.84X450
= 23328 kg
26400 kg
super 510

0.12x2.5x1/2.5
Dead load effects
= 322 t
= 38.64 t
= 110.8 t
= 45.29 t
= 45.29 t
= 6.47 t
First panel = (22.645 - 0.5X6.47)X9.01/5.25
= 34 t
Second panel = (22.645 - 1.5X6.47)X9.01/5.25
= 23 t
Third panel = (22.645 - 2.5X6.47)X9.01/5.25
= 12 t
L0L1L2 (22.65X3.66 - 3.235X3.66)/5.25 14.00 tension
L2L3L4 (19.415X10.98 - 6.47X3.66)/5.25 37.00 tension
L4L5L6 (19.415X18.3 - 6.47X4X3.66)/5.25 50.00 tension
L6L7 (19.415X25.62 - 6.47X9X3.66)/5.25 55.00 tension
super 511

Additional vertical load at bottom chord = 11.66X6.3/5.25 = 13.99 t
= 1 t
Fraction of additional per panel point due to overturning = 1/11.5
= 0.09
(t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t)
L0L2 43.43 27.71 71.14 3.91 14.00 6.99 24.90 76.83
L2L4 110.24 67.85 178.09 9.92 37.00 6.99 53.91 185.60
L4L6 150.32 89.82 240.14 13.53 50.00 6.99 70.52 248.53
L6L7 163.68 95.54 259.22 14.73 55.00 6.99 76.72 268.75
U1U3 80.17 50.65 130.82 7.22 3.73 0.00 10.95 113.41
U3U5 133.62 80.58 214.20 12.03 10.50 0.00 22.53 189.39
U5U7 160.34 94.95 255.29 14.43 15.93 0.00 30.36 228.52
U1L1 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.04 0.00 1.00 2.04 24.23
U3L3 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.04 0.00 1.00 2.04 24.23
U5L5 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.04 0.00 1.00 2.04 24.23
U7L7 11.50 16.75 28.25 1.04 0.00 1.00 2.04 24.23
U1L0 86.45 55.15 141.60 7.78 0.00 9.89 17.67 127.42
U1L2 73.15 47.32 120.47 6.58 0.00 0.00 6.58 101.64
U3L2 59.85 39.97 99.82 5.39 0.00 0.00 5.39 84.17
U3L4 46.55 34.19 80.74 4.19 0.00 0.00 4.19 67.94
U5L4 33.25 28.54 61.79 2.99 0.00 0.00 2.99 51.82
U5L6 19.95 22.89 42.84 1.80 0.00 0.00 1.80 35.71
U7L6 6.65 17.28 23.93 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.60 19.62

Pmax.= 255.29 t
For Top Chords
S = 36X2.6
= 93.6 cms
super 512
For end post

S = 36X2.6
= 93.6 cms
= 36 cms
= 27 cms say 27
= 3.2 t
= 4.16 t
Moment= (3.2x93.6)/(2X2)
= 74.88 t-cm
= (433.33^2+3x144.44^2)^0.5
= 3.68 t
= 41.57 cms
S = 41.57xsin30X2
= 20.79 cms
rmin = 2.82
S/rmin= 20.79/2.82
= 7.37 safe
super 513
r = 2.5/4
= 0.625 cm
l/rmin = 41.57/0.625
= 66.51
5.78 t safe
For Bottom chord
Pmax.= 259.22 t
S = 300X2.82
= 846 cms
= 37 cms
= 18.5 cms say 19
= 3.25 t
= 4.4 t
Moment= (3.25x100)/(2X2)
= 81.25 t-cm
= (445.12^2+3x148.65^2)^0.5
Pmax.= 120.47 t
S = 300X2.2
= 660 cms
super 514

= 17 cms
= 8.75 cms say 9
= 1.51 t
= 3.89 t
Moment= (1.51x90)/(2X2)
= 33.98 t-cm
= (832.16^2+3x277.86^2)^0.5
Pmax.= 99.82 t
S = 42X2.2
= 92.4 cms
= 16 cms
= 13.125 cms say 14
super 515

= 1.25 t
= 3.3 t
Moment= (1.25x92.4)/(2X2)
= 28.88 t-cm
= (707.27^2+3x235.71^2)^0.5
L P A U D DxU 2xDxU
L0L2 732.00 64.36 127.60 0.29 369.21 107.07 214.14
L2L4 732.00 169.87 175.60 0.87 708.11 616.06 1232.12
L4L6 732.00 237.20 223.60 1.45 776.52 1125.96 2251.91
L6L7 366.00 259.22 247.60 2.03 383.18 777.85 1555.70
U1U3 732.00 120.98 130.20 0.58 680.16 394.50 788.99
U3U5 732.00 209.20 162.60 1.16 941.79 1092.47 2184.94
U5U7 732.00 253.45 202.60 1.74 915.72 1593.36 3186.71
U1L1 630.00 13.32 47.10 0.00 178.17 0.00 0.00
U3L3 630.00 16.44 47.10 0.00 219.90 0.00 0.00
U5L5 630.00 20.22 47.10 0.00 270.46 0.00 0.00
U7L7 630.00 27.34 47.10 1.00 365.69 365.69 731.39
U1L0 729.00 128.12 130.20 0.58 717.35 416.07 832.13
U1L2 729.00 112.72 92.60 0.58 887.40 514.69 1029.38
U3L2 729.00 97.32 92.60 0.58 766.16 444.37 888.74
U3L4 729.00 78.30 81.00 0.58 704.70 408.73 817.45
U5L4 729.00 59.85 81.00 0.58 538.65 312.42 624.83
U5L6 729.00 42.57 42.60 0.58 728.49 422.52 845.04
U7L6 729.00 20.15 42.60 0.58 344.82 200.00 399.99
TOTAL 17583.49
∆ = UPL/AE
Where UPL/A= 17583.49x1000
= 17583490 kg/cm
E = 2040000 kg/cm2
∆ = 17583490/2040000
super 516
= 8.62 cms
= 5124/600
L P A U D DxU 2xDxU
L0L2 732.00 59.13 127.60 0.29 339.20 98.37 196.73
L2L4 732.00 154.96 175.60 0.87 645.97 561.99 1123.99
L4L6 732.00 215.48 223.60 1.45 705.42 1022.86 2045.71
L6L7 366.00 235.34 247.60 2.03 347.87 706.18 1412.35
U1U3 732.00 110.78 130.20 0.58 622.80 361.23 722.45
U3U5 732.00 190.31 162.60 1.16 856.72 993.80 1987.60
U5U7 732.00 230.17 202.60 1.74 831.62 1447.02 2894.04
U1L1 630.00 12.87 47.10 0.00 172.08 0.00 0.00
U3L3 630.00 15.21 47.10 0.00 203.38 0.00 0.00
U5L5 630.00 18.04 47.10 0.00 241.30 0.00 0.00
U7L7 630.00 23.38 47.10 1.00 312.73 312.73 625.45
U1L0 729.00 117.70 130.20 0.58 659.03 382.23 764.47
U1L2 729.00 102.83 92.60 0.58 809.52 469.52 939.04
U3L2 729.00 87.95 92.60 0.58 692.41 401.60 803.20
U3L4 729.00 70.36 81.00 0.58 633.26 367.29 734.58
U5L4 729.00 53.20 81.00 0.58 478.80 277.70 555.41
U5L6 729.00 36.92 42.60 0.58 631.71 366.39 732.79
U7L6 729.00 16.78 42.60 0.58 287.07 166.50 333.00
TOTAL 15870.81
∆ = UPL/AE
Where UPL/A= 15870.81x1000
= 15870810 kg/cm
E = 2040000 kg/cm2
∆ = 15870810/2040000
= 7.78 cms say 15.00 cms
Y= 150 mm
gives => a = 150/25620^2
= 2.3E-07
X 0.00 3660.00 10980.00 18300.00 25620.00 25620.00
super 517
Y 0.00 3.06 27.55 76.53 150.00 150.00

Y' 150.00 146.94 122.45 73.47 0.00 0.00

Refer cl. 508.11.1 of IRC 24 - 2001
= 125.03 t
d3*sqrt(3)/t = 33.28XSQRT(3)/0.88
= 65.5
= 83.61 t
= 35.2 cms
Area= 1x(7.5x1.6)+(35.2x0.88)
= 42.98 cm2
Ixx= 1x((1.6x7.5^3/12)+1.6x7.5x(3.75+0.44)^2) 0
= 266.92 cm4
rxx= SQRT(266.92/42.98)
= 2.49 cm
L/rxx= (0.7x40)/2.49
= 11.24
= 131.23 t
= 322 t
super 518

H= 10.61 t RDL = 80.5 t
7.13 t
Or 10.61/2+0.03x(80.5+35.43)
8.78 t
Loads on bearings
0.5 t
= 0.12x2.5x1/2.5
0.12
= 38.64 t
= 19.32 t
= 19.32 t
= 4.83 t
= 8.78+19.32= 28.1 t Seismic case
= 0.03x(80.5+40.49)
super 519
3.63 t Normal case

= 3.63+0.03x4.83
Rocker Normal 80.5+40.49 + 12.74 8.78
133.73 say = 134
Seismic 134+4.83 8.78+19.32
138.83 say = 139 = 28.1
Seismic 139 3.77
117x10-7x85x51.24x10^3
50.96 mm
say 52 mm
Top Plate 400
top plt.
70 134 t 45
8.78 25
70
280 bottom plt.
400
63.81 + 3.07
= 63.81/1897 + 3.07/1530
0.034 + 0.002
= 0.036 <1 safe
44.67 + 3.07
Pmax = 47.74
Pmin = 41.6
super 520
47.74
41.6
200 200

9343.33 kgcm/cm
= 32+2.5 = 34.5 mm
Or 32x1.1 = 35.2 mm Adopt 34.5 mm
612 mm
= 458.01 cm3
(cl 906.5.1) = 134x10^3x9.807/2x8x612
134.21 mm
400
r =812.5 top plt.
70 45
h
h= 2x812.5x-+(1625^2-400^2)^0.5/2
25 mm say 25 mm
134 t
8.78
70
280 bottom plt.
400
63.81 + 3.07
super 521
= 63.81/72.12 + 3.07/68.03
= 0.88 + 0.04
= 0.92 ~1 o.k.
Rocker pins
= 32.81 t safe
= 32.81 t safe
Anchor bolts
= 41.72 t safe
= 41.72 t safe
400
134 t
3.63
B A
50
400
200 bottom plt

Check for roller
= 200/2-26 74 mm
= 84.51 t
= 49.49 t
super 522

safe
Saddle plate
= 200+50x2+10
310 mm
400
134 t
3.63
50
200 bottom plt.
200
400
= 134x10^3x200/200x20/8+3.63x10^3x5/20)x20/2
= 294800 + 9075
= 303875 kgcm
= 12+2 = 14 mm
694 mm
= 198.61 cm3
49.49 84.51
B 3.63 A
50
126 126 74
74
400
= 134x10^3/75x40 +(134x10^3x2.6+ 3.63x10^3x5)x6/75x40^2
= 44.67 + 18.33
super 523

= 44.67/72.12 + 18.33/68.03
= 0.62 + 0.27
= 0.89 ~ 1 o.k.
44.67 + 18.33
Pmax = 63
Pmin = 26.34
a b c
56.22 63
26.34 37.89
200 200
Maxm BM at a = (37.89+2x26.34)x12.6^2/6
= 2396.48 kgcm/cm
Maxm BM at b = 84.51x10^3x12.6/75 - (44.67+2x63)x20^2/6
= 14197.68 - 11378
2819.68 kgcm/cm
Maxm BM at c = (56.22+2x63)x7.4^2/6
= 1663.06 kgcm/cm
= 12+2 = 14 mm
714 mm
= 1.84 cm3
Lugs
= 5.88 t safe
= 5.88 t safe
Anchor bolts
= 6.84 t safe
super 524

= 6.84 t safe
super 525

Refer cl. 508.11.1 of IRC 24 - 2001
Load = 134 t
d3*sqrt(3)/t = 24.08XSQRT(3)/0.78
= 53.47
= 61.36 t
= 31.2 cms 0
Area= 1x(7.5x1)+(31.2x0.78)
= 31.84 cm2
Ixx= 1x((1x7.5^3/12)+1x7.5x(3.75+0.39)^2)
= 163.7 cm4 31.2
rxx= SQRT(163.7/31.84)
= 2.27 cm
L/rxx= (0.7x40)/2.27
= 12.33
= 97.16 t
Joint L0
U1
200
100 200
#REF!
L0 L1
super 526
16 10.63
224.53 275.47
500
Fig 1
= #REF! t
= #REF! t
#REF!
= (70 - 23.5)X16/70
= 10.63 mm
to figure 1
on the tension side
gives Z = 275.47 mm
= 6520.73 mm2
say 65 cm2
MOI = 2X{10.63X275.47^3/3+16X224.53^3/3}
= 2.69E+08 mm4
= 26887.77 cm4
#REF!
= #REF!
= #REF! t-cm
super 527
= #REF!
Joint L2
U1
U3
200 112 500
#REF!
L1 L2 L3
6.86 10
444.14 367.86
812
figure 2
= #REF! t
= #REF! t
= #REF! t
= #REF! t
#REF!
= (70 - 22)X10/70
= 6.86 mm
super 528
to figure 2
on the tension side
gives Z = 444.14 mm
= 6725.4 mm2
say 67 cm2
MOI = 2X{6.86X444.14^3/3+10X367.86^3/3}
= 7.33E+08 mm4
= 73253.64 cm4
#REF!
= #REF!
= #REF! t-cm
= #REF!
super 529

Members U0L1
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 42.14 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U1L2
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
super 530
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 33.11 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U2L3,U0L0
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 16.87 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U3L4
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 10.16 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 18.06 cm2
#REF!
super 531
= #REF! cm2 #REF!

Members U4L5,U2L2
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 8.56 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 11.05 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U5L6,U4L4
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 5.82 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 7.05 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U1L1
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 8.56 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
super 532

= #REF! cm2
= 19.89 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members U3L3
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 5.82 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 11.28 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Members #REF!
Section = #REF!
Top & bottom flange
= #REF! cm2
= 4.85 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
Web
= #REF! cm2
= 5.64 cm2
#REF!
= #REF! cm2 #REF!
super 533
51.24 50
super 534
51.24
265
30 415
Builtup section with 3660
#REF! 5250
#REF!
4.25 IRC Class A

super 535
4.25 IRC Class A
2.14
11.38
0.8
0.8
59
59
0.06
0.265
26.5
2.4
0.08 0.2
super 536
500 w=
250 b=
0.5 m
0.25 m
4.7 0.225
0.15 c=
0.625 c+k=
1.8
2.13
super 537
2.46
3.19
16 125
0 125
spacing 16.08
0
0.784 0.3754 0 0
0.15 0.2 0.15
0.25 0.23 0.1
0.5 0.31 0.25 0.2
0.75 0.37 0.25 0.03
0.78 0.3748 1 0.41 0.25 0.08
1.25 0.45 0.25 0.06
1.5 0.48 0.25 0.04
super 538
1.75 0.5 0.25 0.04

2 0.53 0.25 0.03
3 #REF! 2.25 0.55 0.25 0.02
2.5 0.57 0.25 0.03
2.75 0.58 0.25 0.02
3 0.6 0.25 0.02
10 190 0.01
189 spacing 4.13
100 400
100
Builtup sec 520.00

area 95.00
tw 1.00
tf 1.00
Ixx 39681.67
Iyy 1902.6
h= 52
b= 22.50
slab,ŷ= 18.36
X-girder,ŷ= 20.89
Lyy/ryy= 0.85X525/4.48
= 99.61
super 539
0.38x250x10.2
969 Kg/cm2
0.15 0.05
super 540
200
30.5
13.11
super 541
102 Kg/cm2
1580 Kg/cm2
1580 Kg/cm2
969 Kg/cm2
super 542
ISMC 75
150 L=
24 4.52
7.8
16 2.01
super 543
10
50.00 Depth of web plate =

1.00 Thickness of web plate =
22.50 Width of top flange plate =
1.00 Thicness of top flange plate =
22.50 Thickness of bottom flange plate =
1.00 Width of bottom flange plate =
26.00
0.225 70.99 220.32

0.275 330.89
4.7 51.84
4.25 51.84
0.2
0.1
5.25 15
w = 785*A in Kn/m
super 544
= #REF! cm2
Hence w = #REF! t/m
4.25 0.4
500
2.3
76.83
185.60
248.53
268.75
130.82
super 545
214.20
255.29
28.25
28.25
28.25
28.25
141.60
120.47
99.82
80.74
61.79
42.84
23.93
30 h 10 40
9 b 10 10
27 s 27.5
2.35 cyy 2.42
46.3 Area = 63.8
1.36 tf= 1.53
0.78 tw 0.88
6420 ixx 15200
313 iyy RMIN 2.22 508
4.45 10.95
15.85 14.28
13.5
751.5225
super 546
30 h
9 b 11.5
27 s
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area =
1.36 tf=
0.78 tw
6420 ixx
313 iyy RMIN 2.22
6.76 8.94
15.85 14.28
13.5
711.2761
30 h
9 b 11.5
27 s
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area =
1.36 tf=
0.78 tw
6420 ixx
313 iyy RMIN 2.22
super 547

8.74 7.36
15.85 14.28
13.5
651.1144
40 h
10 b
27 s
2.42 cyy rmin 2.82
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 2.55
0.88 tw
40 h
10 b
27 s
2.42 cyy rmin 2.82
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 2.55
0.88 tw
super 548

40 h
10 b
27 s
2.42 cyy rmin 2.82
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 2.55
0.88 tw
40 h
10 b
27 s
2.42 cyy rmin 2.82
63.8 Area =
1.53 tf= 2.55
0.88 tw
25 h
super 549
1830 ixx
141 iyy
30 h 30
9 b 10 9
27 s 27
2.35 cyy 2.35
46.3 Area = 46.3
1.36 tf= 1.36
0.78 tw 0.78
6420 ixx 6420
313 iyy RMIN 2.22 313
4.45 10.95
15.85 14.28
13.5
757.7194
30 h
9 b
25 s
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area =
1.36 tf=
super 550
0.78 tw
6420 ixx
313 iyy 2.6
0 15
10.15 13.28
12.5
59.13
564.565
20 h
7.5 b
25 s
2.18 cyy
28.5 Area =
1.14 tf=
0.62 tw
1830 ixx
141 iyy 2.6
0 10
10.32 13.52
12.5
87.03
260.6104
super 551
15 h 20
7.5 b 7.5
25 s 25
2.2 cyy 2.18
21.3 Area = 28.5
0.9 tf= 1.14
0.57 tw 0.62
788 ixx 1830
103 iyy 141
0 width of back web plate 0
0 thickness of back web plate 0
0 width of front web plate 0
0 thickness of front web plate 0
0 width of top cover plate 0
0 thickness of top cover plate 0
0 7.5
10.3 13.07
12.5
101.92
190.0251
30 h
9 b
25 s rmin 2.6
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area = 2.35
1.36 tf=
0.78 tw
20 h
7.5 b
25 s rmin 2.6
super 552
2.18 cyy
28.5 Area = 2.35
1.14 tf=
0.62 tw
15 h
7.5 b
25 s
2.2 cyy
21.3 Area = 2.35
0.9 tf=
0.57 tw
22 3.8
8.8
15.3
7.8
7.8
6.2
5.7
super 553
10
12
16 2.01
36
16
36
30
10
12
super 554
36
12
30
24
18
18
24
16
16
super 555
16
11
22
18
16
12
24
12
super 556
42
36
48
48
54
super 557
23.5 4
47 1.4 1
23.5 23.5
9 1.6
3 23.5
20 20
1.4 0
23.5 4
50
2
23.5 4
50
2.8
super 558
23.5 23.5
10 2
3 23.5
30 20
1.4 0
23.5 23.5
10 2
3 23.5
30 20
2.2 0
23.5 23.5
10 2
super 559
3 23.5
30 20
3 0
32.2 44.52
40 51.84
20 6.3 7
30 7.29 14
0
0.265
0.275
110
300
60
225
11664 5832
972
6
super 560
5.25 9.01
7.32
3.66
10.98 5346.00
18.30
7.5 h
7.5 b
1 s
11.38 Area =
0.8 tf=
0.8 tw
7.5 h
7.5 b
0.8 s
1.89 cyy
11.38 Area =
0.8 tf=
0.8 tw
37.4 ixx
37.4 iyy
2.29
132.96
111.6575
super 561
16 2.01
10
1.4
4.35
2.95
super 562
30 h
9 b
1.2 s
2.35 cyy
46.3 Area =
1.36 tf= 15
0.78 tw
6420 ixx
313 iyy
0 15
2.95 1.38
0.6
442.4935
super 563
142.44
1580
6.5 h 6.5 7.5

6.5 b 6.5 7.5
0.8 s 0.8 0.8
1.89 cyy 1.89 2.14
9.76 Area = 9.76 11.38
0.8 tf= 0.8 0.8
0.8 tw 0.8 0.8
37.4 ixx 37.4 59
37.4 iyy 37.4 59
2.29
394.7917
1.2
3.75
super 564
ISMB 200
area 32.3 0
tw 0.57
tf 10.8
Ixx 2235.4
Iyy 150
h= 20
Top flg. Plt 0 0 0 10 0
Bot. flg plt 0 0 0 10 0
web plt 0 0 0 0 0.285
0 0 0 0 0.285
super 565
132.4249
6.5 h
6.5 b
0.8 s
1.89 cyy
9.76 Area =
0.8 tf=
0.8 tw
59 ixx
59 iyy
2.29
843.6796
110
300
450
13.2 3.77
super 566
0.12
0.666667
55.4 2
26.4
5.25
7.32
9.01
45.29
22.65 6.47
3.66
10.98 19.42
18.3
25.62
super 567
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
50 0.7x51.25
2.6 36
super 568
50 0.7x51.04
2.6 36
0.43x250x10.2
1096.5 Kg/cm2
0.6x250x10.2
1530 Kg/cm2
0.92x250x10.2
2346 Kg/cm2
30
36
50 0.7x51.04
36
2.82
25
4.91
super 569
446.227
300
2.82
100
0.43x250x10.2
1096.5 Kg/cm2
0.6x250x10.2
1530 Kg/cm2
0.92x250x10.2
2346 Kg/cm2
300
2.2
90
super 570
0.43x250x10.2
1096.5 Kg/cm2
0.6x250x10.2
1530 Kg/cm2
0.92x250x10.2
2346 Kg/cm2
50 0.7x59.13
2.2 42
super 571
0.43x250x10.2
1096.5 Kg/cm2
0.6x250x10.2
1530 Kg/cm2
0.92x250x10.2
2346 Kg/cm2
7.13
super 572
span 51.24
span 51.24
0.00
super 573
55 70.03
460.09
fener is reqd.
1 provided in pairs
7.5 cm
1.6 cm
0 cm
15624.18
51.24
75.92
42.66
super 574
55.4
50
super 575
400 750
45
25
750 Length of plate

750 Length of plate
1897
1530
super 576
32 dia of pin
4 no of pins
1530
750 Length of plate
72.12
super 577
68.03
1020
25 dia of bolts
10 no of bolts
850
150 dia of roller

750 Length of plate

750 Length of plate
26
super 578
0.1071
12 dia of pin
4 no of pins
1530
750 Length of plate

super 579
72.12
68.03
12 dia of pin
3 no of pins
1530
1020
16 dia of bolts
4 no of bolts
850
super 580
690.41
1 provided in pairs
7.5 cm
1 cm
0 cm
12983.85
#REF!
0
super 581
23.5
70
5.37
16000
4000000
275.47 2704.05
super 582
1500
#REF!
0
22
70
3.14
super 583
16240
6593440
444.14 4727.83
1500
super 584
26.5
9
1.6
3 26.5
23
2.8
26.5
super 585
9 1.6
3 26.5
23
2.2
26.5
9 1.6
3 26.5
20
1.4
26.5
9 1.6
3 26.5
23
1.2
super 586
26.5
8 1.6
3 26.5
19
1
26.5
7.5 1.2
3 26.5
15
1
26.5
8 1.6
super 587
3 26.5
19
1.8
26.5
7.5 1.2
3 26.5
15 1.6
26.5
7.5 1
2 26.5
10
1.2
super 588
cyy
Area =
tf=
tw
ixx
iyy
super 589
590
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
Tentative Estimate of Quantities
S.no. Item of work Unit Quantity
A) SUBSTRUCTURE
1 Left side abutment
a) Earthwork excavation for foundation cum 200
of abutment with side slope 0H : 1V
b) Lean concrete P.C.C. 1:3:6 cum 13
(Levelling course under base slab)
c) Dirt wall and Abutment cap
i) Concrete: Grade M30 cum 7
ii) Reinforcement: H.Y.S.D bars grade S415 t 0.6
iii) Shuttering sq.m 30
d) Abutment shaft and base slab
2 Right side abutment
a) Earthwork excavation for foundation cum 75
of abutment with side slope 0H : 1V
b) Lean concrete P.C.C. 1:3:6 cum 7
(Levelling course under base slab)
c) Dirt wall and Abutment cap
d) Abutment shaft and base slab
B) METALLIC BEARINGS nos. 4
Rocker and Roller bearings (Each of 125 t capacity)
C) SUPERSTRUCTURE
1 Deck slab
( including deck slab , kerbs)
a) Concrete: Grade M25 cum 56
b) Reinforcement: H.Y.S.D bars grade S415 t 5
c) Shuttering sq.m 330
2 Bituminous wearing coat sq.m 225
( for average thickness of 80 mm )
3 Expansion joint nos 2
591
( Strip seal expansion joint each of 4.70 m length )
4 Railings
a) MS rolled angle railing posts t 1.6
40 mm dia MS pipes railings m 320
5 Drainage spouts
100 mm dia GI pipe 300 mm long with no 14
galvanized MS grating
6 Steel stringers t 8
7 steel cross girders t 10
8 Main steel truss girder ( including bracings ) t 75
(Structural steel to conform to IS 2062
9 Staging and centering As available
D) APPROACHES
2 Approach slab ( for 4.0 m length )
a) Lean concrete P.C.C. 1:3:6
(Levelling course under approach slab) cum 6
b) Concrete: Grade M30 cum 12
Reinforcement: H.Y.S.D bars grade S415 t 1.2
c) Shuttering sq.m 12
d) Bituminous wearing coat sq.m 40
( for average thickness of 80 mm )
E) MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS
1 Soil testing LS
2 Load testing of superstructure LS
3 Approach road from existing road to Approach slab LS ( As per site )
Notes : Provisions shall be made for

1 Wastages
2 Variations in excavations quantities , Approach work quantities and diversion works
due to changes in cross section geometry , levels , length of approaches .
3 Weep holes
592
#REF! 50
PROPOSED COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL FOR ROAD FROM DENIS GATE TO DC OFFICE
CLIENT
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
PWD (R&B) DIVISION NO II
JAMMU
CONSULTANTS
HIGH RISE DESIGNERS
59/4 NANAK NAGAR
JAMMU
Section 1-1 of Counterfort Retaining Wall adopted and values of various

parameters
Formation Level 107.6
3a 7.000
9e 8e RL 100.6
3b 0.0
7.6 A 9d 8d A BED RL 100.6
0
100.6 7.2 9c 8c 3c 6c 7c RL 100.6
9b 8b 3d 6b 7b 0
100.6 RL 100.6
3e 7a
9a 8a 6a 0.1
G
Found. RL 100 0.4 5 4 0.5
1.8 0.3 1.4 0
1.8 0.3 1.4
3.5
CROSS - SECTION OF THE RETAINING WALL

(Not to scale)
1.8 0.3 1.4
0 0
0.375 0.375
1.69 9g 7d 1.69
4.5 0.375 0.375
1.69 9g 7d 1.69
0.375 0.375
0 0
3.5
Plan
(Not to scale)
T
Length of the Wall ( considered ) = 4.5 3.5
front counterfort from bottom of toe slab = 2
Width of the wall foundation= 3.5
Total Height of the Wall = 7.6 4.5
0f front counterfort from top of toe slab = 1.5 L L
Height from Base ( Foundation Lvl ) of
Bed Lvl = 0.6
Dry condition = 0.6 T
Dry unit weight of soil = 1.8 BASE PLAN
Angle of Internal friction of soil (Backfill) = 35 Base Parameters :
Angle of friction between Backfill & Concrete = 22.5 Required for checking Base
Angle of Internal friction of soil (Front fill) = 30 Pressures for various cases
Angle of friction between front fill & Concrete = 20 Area = 3.5 x 4.5
Safe Bearing capacity of soil= 40 = 15.75
Co-efficient of friction between concrete & soil = 0.7 ZTT = 4.5 x 3.5^2 / 6
z= Seismic zone factor 0.24 = 9.19
R= Response reduction factor 2.5 Z LL
= 3.5 x 4.5^2 / 6
l= for importance of the structure 1 = 11.81
Coefficient for 5% damping = 2.5 for medium foundation soils
= 0.12x2.5x1/2.5
= 0.12
Ca = (1+ or - Av)*cos2(f-l-a)/[cos l*cos2a*cos(d+l+a)] *
Here again : f= 35
cos(f-l-a) 0.8192 0.8785 0.8852

cos(d+l+a) 0.9239 0.875 0.8679
cosl 1 0.9937 0.9919
cosa 1 1 1
sin(f+d) 0.8434 0.8434 0.8434
sin(f-i-l) 0.5736 0.4778 0.4652
cos(a-i) 1 1 1
Static case
Ca =
1*(0.8192)^2 / [1*(1)^2*(0.9239)] * [1/ {1+ ( 0.8434*0.5736 / (1*0.9239) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.2445
seismic with Av +ve
Ca =
(1+0.06)*(0.8785)^2/[0.9937*(1)^2*(0.875)]*[1/{1+(0.8434*0.4778 / (1*0.875))^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3339
seismic with Av -ve
Ca =
(1-0.06)*(0.8852)^2/[0.9919*(1)^2*(0.8679)]*[1/{1+(0.8434*0.4652/(1*0.8679))^0.5}]^2
= 0.3059
Here again : f= 30
dry cond. dry cond. dry cond.
cos(f-l-a) 0.866 0.9168 0.9224
cos(d+l+a) 0.9397 0.8953 0.8888
cosl 1 0.9937 0.9919
cosa 1 1 1
sin(f+d) 0.766 0.766 0.766
sin(f-i-l) 0.5 0.3994 0.3863
cos(a-i) 1 1 1
Static case
Cp = 1*(0.866)^2/[1*(1)^2*(0.9397)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.5/(1*0.9397) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.2973
seismic with Av +ve
Cp =
(1+0.06)*(0.9168)^2/[0.9937*(1)^2*(0.8953)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.3994/(1*0.8953) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3989
seismic with Av -ve
Cp =
(1-0.06)*(0.9224)^2/[0.9919*(1)^2*(0.8888)]*[1/{1+(0.766*0.3863/(1*0.8888) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3648
Normal case
Bed Level
Foundation Level
Earth pressure diagram
(i) Due to Backfill
= 16.69 t
Moment due to L.L. surcharge @ O = 16.69 x 7.6 / 2
= 63.42 tm
= 52.84 t
Moment due to earth pressure @ O = 52.84 x 0.42 x 7.6
= 168.67 tm
= 21.9 t
= 76.65 tm
= 0.41 t
= 0.1 tm
= 0.15 t
Dynamic increment (DI) on L.L. surcharge = 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.3085 x 7 x 4.5 -
1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 7 x 4.5 -
= 20.99 - 15.37
= 5.62 t
Moment due to this DI @ O = 5.62 x( 0.6+7x2/3)
= 29.6 tm
Dynamic increment (DI)in earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.3085 x 7^ 2 x 4.5 -
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 7^ 2 x 4.5
= 61.22 - 44.83
= 16.39 t
Moment due to this DI @ O = 16.39 x ( 0.6 + 0.50 x 7)
= 67.2 tm
DI' in Vertical component of earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.1278 x 7^ 2 x 4.5 -
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 7^ 2 x 4.5
25.36 - 18.57
= 6.79 t
= 23.77 tm
"DI" in L.L. surcharge = 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2826 x 7 x 4.5 -
1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 7 x 4.5
= 19.23 - 15.37
= 3.86 t
Moment due to this DI @ O = 3.86 x( 0.6+7 x2/3)
= 20.33 tm
DI in earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2826 x 7^ 2 x 4.5 -
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2259 x 7^ 2 x 4.5
56.08 - 44.83
= 11.25 t
Moment due to this DI @ O = 11.25 x ( 0.6 + 0.50 x 7)
= 46.13 tm
in Vertical component of earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.1171 x 7^ 2 x 4.5 -
0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 7^ 2 x 4.5
23.24 - 18.57
= 4.67 t
orizontal Force excluding L.L. surcharge = 0.5 x 0.48 x 7.6^2 x 4.5
= 62.38 t
= 79.07 t
= 221.45 tm
Case l' Normal case , considering Earth pressure
Serial No Particulars Force base (t-m) Force at o(t-m)
(t) (t)
Total : 69.12 231.99 22.05 76.65
Case II Normal case , considering fluid pressure
(t) base (t-m)
Total : 61.97 157.93
Case V Seismic case with Av +ve ,dynamic increment in earth pressure
(t) (t) (t-m)
Total : 22.01 96.80 6.79 23.77
Case VII Seismic case with Av -ve ,dynamic increment in earth pressure
(t) (t) (t-m)
Total : 15.11 66.46 4.67 16.35
Evaluation of forces and moments due to weight of abutment and earthfill
Normal case
L.A. w.r.t Moment

Particulars Vertical Force toe edge at toe
(t) (m) edge (t-m)
3a Stem 7 X 0.3 X 4.5 X 2.4 = 22.68 1.55 35.15
3b. -do- 0 X 0.3 X 4.5 X 2.4 = 0 1.55 0
3c. -do- 0 X 0.3 X 4.5 X 2.4 = 0 1.55 0
3d -do- 0 X 0.3 X 4.5 X 2.4 = 0 1.55 0
3e -do- 0.1 X 0.3 X 4.5 X 2.4 = 0.32 1.55 0.5
4. Toe slab 1.7 X 0.5 X 4.5 X 2.4 = 9.18 0.85 7.8
5 Heel slab 1.8 X 0.4 X 4.5 X 2.4 = 7.78 2.6 20.23
6a front counterfort 1/2X1.5 X 1.4 X 1.125 X 2.4 = 2.84 0.93 2.64
6b - do - 0 X (1.31 + 1.31) / 2 X 1.125 X 2.4 = 0 0 0
6c - do - 0 X (1.31 + 1.31) / 2 X 1.125 X 2.4 = 0 0 0
7a front fill (0 + 0.09) / 2 X 0.1 X 1.125 X 1.8 = 0.01 0.03 0
7b -do- (0.09 + 0.09) / 2 X 0 X 1.125 X 1.8 = 0 0.05 0
7c -do- (0.09 + 0.09) / 2 X 0 X 1.125 X 1.8 = 0 0.05 0
7d -do- 1.4 X 0.1 X 3.38 X 1.8 = 0.85 0.7 0.6
7e -do- 1.4 X 0 X 3.38 X 1.8 = 0 0.7 0
7f -do- 1.4 X 0 X 3.38 X 1.8 = 0 0.7 0
8a back counterfort 0.1 X (1.8 + 1.66) / 2 X 1.125 X 2.4 = 0.47 2.57 1.21
8b - do - 0 X (1.66 + 1.66) / 2 X 1.125 X 2.4 = 0 2.53 0
8c - do - 0 X (1.66 + 1.66) / 2 X 1.125 X 2.4 = 0 2.53 0
8d - do - 0 X (1.66 + 1.66) / 2 X 1.125 X 2.4 = 0 2.53 0
8e - do - 7 X (1.66 + 0) / 2 X 1.125 X 2.4 = 15.69 2.25 35.3
9a back fill (0 + 0.14) / 2 X 0.1 X 1.125 X 1.8 = 0.01 3.45 0.03
9b - do - (0.14 + 0.14) / 2 X 0 X 1.125 X 1.8 = 0 3.43 0
9c - do - (0.14 + 0.14) / 2 X 0 X 1.125 X 1.8 = 0 3.43 0
9d - do - (0.14 + 0.14) / 2 X 0 X 1.125 X 1.8 = 0 3.43 0
9e - do - (0.14 + 1.8) / 2 X 7 X 1.125 X 1.8 = 13.75 2.9 39.88
9g - do - 1.8 X 0.1 X 3.38 X 1.8 = 1.1 2.6 2.86
9h - do - 1.8 X 0 X 3.38 X 1.8 = 0 2.6 0
9i - do - 1.8 X 0 X 3.38 X 1.8 = 0 2.6 0
9j - do - 1.8 X 0 X 3.38 X 1.8 = 0 2.6 0
9k - do - 1.8 X 7 X 3.38 X 1.8 = 76.66 2.6 199.32
9l - do - 1.8 X 0 X 3.38 X 1.8 = 0 2.6 0
Total : 151.34 Total : 345.52

Particulars = 0.06XW toe edge at toe = 0.12XW base at base
(t) (m) edge (t-m) (t) (m) ( t-m )
3a Stem 1.36 1.55 2.11 2.72 4.1 11.15
3b. -do- 0 1.55 0 0 0.6 0
8d - do - 0 2.53 0 0 0.6 0
8e - do - 0.94 2.25 2.12 1.88 4.1 7.71
Total 2.3 Total : 4.23 Total : 4.6 Total : 18.86

(a) Normal case
Earth pressures 22.05 69.12 76.65 231.99
Total 173.39 69.12 422.17 231.99
Eccentricity = 3.5 / 2 - 1.1 = 0.65 m
Ptoe = 23.28 Safe
Pheel = -1.26 Unsafe
actor of safety against sliding = 173.39 X 0.7 / 69.12 = 1.76 Safe
Factor of safety against overturning = 422.17 / 231.99 = 1.82 Unsafe
Self Weight of the wall & Earth fill 151.34 345.52
Total 151.34 61.97 345.52 157.93
Eccentricity = 3.5 / 2 - 1.24 = 0.51 m
Ptoe = 18.01 Safe
Pheel = 1.21 Safe
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Seismic on self weight of the wall 2.3 4.6 4.23 18.86
Total 182.48 95.73 450.17 347.65
Eccentricity = 3.5 / 2 - 0.56 = 1.19 m
Ptoe = 35.22 Safe

Seismic on self weight of the wall -2.3 4.6 -4.23 18.86
Total 175.76 88.83 434.29 317.31
Eccentricity = 3.5 / 2 - 0.67 = 1.08 m
Ptoe = 31.82 Safe
Pheel = -9.5 Unsafe
(a) Normal case considering Earth Pressure 23.28 -1.26 1.76 1.82
pressures .
12.05
35.22
0.89 2.61
x L-x
3.5
L
x = 12.05X3.5/(35.22+12.05) = 0.89 m
Pmax = 2X[182.48 / 1.68 X 4.5 ]
Design of founndation slab
(All units in meter mtons unless otherwise specified)
Govering case = Seismic case with Av+ve
Pressure values are divided by 1.25 to convert them into normal values
3.5
1.8 0.3 1.4
0
8.05 7.25 16.91
B 14.49 20.13 28.18
C
D E F
B C D E F
13.92 13.92 1.38 1.38
Downward pressure diagram due weight of concrete and earthfill over heel/toe slab
y x z
B C D 0.419 0.981
13.92 5.87 6.67 15.53
-0.57 18.9 18.75 26.8
E F
Overall depth of Toe slab = 50 cms
Effective depth of Toe slab = 41.9 cms
Overall depth of Heel slab = 40 cms
Effective depth of Heel slab = 31.9 cms
Design constants
Concrete Grade M 20
Steel Grade Fe 415
Modular ratio 10
n= 1 / { ( 1 + 2040 / ( 10 x 68 ) }
= 0.25
j= 1 - 0.25 / 3
= 0.917
= 7.79 kg/cm2
Toe side slab ( Section F )
Maximum average net upward pressure for 1.0m width
= (26.8+18.75)/2
= 22.78 t/m2
Bending moment at support = 22.78 x 1.69 ^ 2 / 12
= 5.42 tm/m
Bending moment at centre = 22.78 x 1.69 ^ 2 / 16
= 4.07 tm/m
deff,reqd.= { 5.42 x 10^5 / (100 x 7.79 ) }^0.5
= 26.38 cms < 41.9 safe
Ast required at support = 5.42 x 10^5 / 2040x0.917x41.9
= 6.91 cm2/m
Amin= 0.15 x 50 (cl. 707.2.7 of IRC 78 - 2000)
= 7.5 cm2/m
Provide 12mm dia bar at 150 mm c/c alth + 10 mm dia bar at 150 mm c/c extra
giving an area of 12.81 cm2/m ht.
(cl 305.10 IRC:21-2000)
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Hence provide 8mm dia bar at 200 mm c/c
Ast required at centre = 4.07 x 10^5 / 2040x0.917x41.9
= 5.19 cm2/m
Amin= 0.15 x 50 (cl. 707.2.7 of IRC 78 - 2000)
= 7.5 cm2/m
Spacing of bars = 1.13 x 100 / 7.5
= 15.08 cm
(cl 305.10 IRC:21-2000)
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Check for Shear
Shear force at critical section = 22.78x(1.69/2 - 0.419)
= 9.7 t/m
Shear stress at critical section = 9.7x10^3/41.9x100
= 2.32 kg/cm2
Heel side slab ( Section B )
= (13.92+5.87)/2
= 9.9 t/m2
= 2.36 tm/m
= 1.77 tm/m
deff,reqd.= { 2.36 x 10^5 / (100 x 7.79 ) }^0.5
= 17.41 cms < 31.9 safe
= 3.95 cm2/m
Amin= 0.15 x 40 (cl. 707.2.7 of IRC 78 - 2000)
= 6 cm2/m
(cl 305.10 IRC:21-2000)
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
= 2.97 cm2/m
Amin= 0.15 x 40 (cl. 707.2.7 of IRC 78 - 2000)
= 6 cm2/m
Spacing of bars = 1.13 x 100 / 6
= 18.85 cm
(cl 305.10 IRC:21-2000)
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Check for Shear

= 5.21 t/m
= 1.63 kg/cm2
Tc= 2.2 kg/cm2 safe
Design of Stem Wall
Section G
Ht of stem from section G ( considering 1.0 m width of stem)
= 7.6 - 0.4 - 1/2 = 6.7 m
Hence effective height = 6.7 m
Effective span = 1.69 m
Overall thichness = 30 cms
Effective depth = 25 cms
Horizontal pressure due to surcharge = 0.2259x1.2 x 1.8 = 0.49 t/m2
Horizontal pressure ar base due to earthfill = 0.48 x 6.7 = 3.22 t/m2
Total pressure = 0.49+3.22 = 3.71 t/m2
Bending moment at support due to live load surcharge and backfill per meter height of stem
= 3.71 x1.69 ^2 / 12
= 0.88 tm
deff,reqd.= { 0.88 x 10^5 / (100 x7.79 ) }^0.5
= 10.63 cms < 25cms safe
Area of steel required = 0.88 x 10^5 / 2040 x 0.917 x 25
= 1.88 cm2/m ht.
Amin= 0.12 x 30
= 3.6 cm2/m ht.
= 21.82 cm
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Bending moment at centre due to live load surcharge and backfill per meter height of stem
= 3.71 x1.69 ^2 / 16
= 0.66 tm
deff,reqd.= { 0.66 x 10^5 / (100 x7.79 ) }^0.5
Area of steel required = 0.66 x 10^5 /2040 x 0.917 x 25
= 1.41 cm2/m ht.
Amin= 0.12 x 30
= 3.6 cm2/m ht.
= 21.82 cm

Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Check for Shear

Gross shear force at critical section = 3.71 x(1.69/2 - 0.25)
= 2.21 t/m
Shear stress at critical section = 2.21x10^3/25x100
= 0.88 kg/cm2
Stem Wall ( Section at a height of 4 m from section G )
Ht of stem from this section ( considering 1.0 m width of stem)
= 7.6 - 4
= 3.6 m
Effective height = 3.6 m
Effective span = 1.69 m
Overall thichness = 30 cms
Effective depth = 25 cms
Horizontal pressure due to surcharge = 0.2259x1.2 x 1.8 = 0.49 t/m2
Horizontal pressure ar base due to earthfill = 0.48 x 3.6 = 1.73 t/m2
Total pressure = 0.49+1.73 = 2.22 t/m2
Bending moment at support due to live load surcharge and backfill per meter height of stem
= 2.22 x1.69 ^2 / 12
= 0.53 tm
deff,reqd.= { 0.53 x 10^5 / (100 xtm/m ) }^0.5
Area of steel required = 0.53 x 10^5 / 2040 x 0.917 x 25
= 1.13 cm2/m ht.
Amin= 0.12 x 30
= 3.6 cm2/m ht.
= 21.82 cm
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Bending moment at centre due to live load surcharge and backfill per meter height of stem
= 2.22 x1.69 ^2 / 16
= 0.4 tm
deff,reqd.= { 0.4 x 10^5 / (100 x7.79 ) }^0.5
Area of steel required = 0.4 x 10^5 /2040 x 0.917 x 25
= 0.86 cm2/m ht.
Amin= 0.12 x 30
= 3.6 cm2/m ht.
= 21.82 cm

Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Check for Shear
Gross shear force at critical section = 2.22 x(1.69/2 - 0.25)
= 1.32 t/m
Shear stress at critical section = 1.32x10^3/25x100
= 0.53 kg/cm2
Design of Counterforts
Front counterfort ( Toe side )
Overall depth of counterfort at section E = 200 cms
Width of counterfort = 37.5 cms
Effective depth of counterfort = 185 cms
Shear force = (15.53+26.8)/2x1.4x2.07
= 61.34 t
Bending moment at support = (15.53+26.8x2)x1.4^2/6x2.07
= 46.75 tm/m
deff,reqd.= { 46.75 x 10^5 / (37.5 x 7.79 ) }^0.5
= 126.5 cms < 185 safe
Ast required at support = 46.75 x 10^5 / 2040x0.917x185
= 13.51 cm2
No of bars = 13.51/4.91
= 2.75
Provide 7 no bars 25mm dia bars giving an area of 34.36 cm2
Check for Shear

Shear force at support = 61.34 t
Bending moment at support = 46.75 tm
Net shear force at support = 61.34-46.75/1.85x1.5/1.4
= 34.26 t
Shear stress at critical section z= 34.26x10^3/185x37.5
= 4.94 kg/cm2
For pt=34.36x100/37.5x185=0.5 & concrete grade M20 permissible shear stress
Tc= 3.06 kg/cm2 unsafe
Hence shear reinforcement is required
Net shear force for shear reinforcement = (4.94 - 3.06)x37.5x185
= 13042.5 kg
Using 2L - 10 mm dia bars strps
Spacing required = 2x0.79x2040x185/13042.5
= 45.72 cms say 150 mms
Hence provide 2 L - 10 mm dia bars strps at 150 mm c/c
Inner Back counterfort ( Heel side )
Section A
Horizontal depth of counterfort at section A = 0.3+1.8/7.2x5.6
= 1.7 m
Ф= 75.96
SinФ = 0.97
Overall depth of counterfort = 1.7x100x0.97
165 cms
Horizontal pressure due to surcharge = 0.2259 x 1.2 x 1.8 x5.6x2.07
5.66 t
Horizontal pressure ar base due to earthfill = 1/2X0.2259 x 1.8 x5.6^2x2.07
13.2 t
Bending moment due to live load surcharge and backfill
= 5.66 x5.6 / 2 + 13.2 x 0.42 x 5.6
= 46.89 tm
deff,reqd.= { 46.89 x 10^5 / (37.5x7.79) }^0.5
= 126.69 cm < 150 safe
= 16.71 cm2
No of bars = 16.71/4.91
= 3.4
Horizontal ties
Horizontal force at section A = (0.2259x1.2 x 1.8 +0.48 x 5.6 )x2.07
= 6.57 t
Area of ties required = 6.57/1.41
= 4.66 cm2
Spacing required = 2x0.79x 100 /4.66
= 33.91 cms say 150 mms
Vertical ties
Vertical force at section B = 9.9x2.07
= 20.49 t
14.53 cm2
= 15.55 cms say 75 mms
Inner Back counterfort , Heel side (Section at a height of 2 m from section A )
Horizontal depth of counterfort at this section = 0.3+1.8/7.2x3.6
= 1.2 m
Ф= 75.96
SinФ = 0.97
Overall depth of counterfort = 1.2x100x0.97
116 cms
Horizontal pressure due to surcharge = 0.2259 x 1.2 x 1.8 x3.6x2.07
3.64 t
Horizontal pressure ar base due to earthfill = 1/2X0.2259 x 1.8 x3.6^2x2.07
5.45 t
Bending moment due to live load surcharge and backfill
= 3.64 x3.6 / 2 + 5.45 x 0.42 x 3.6
= 14.79 tm
deff,reqd.= { 14.79 x 10^5 / (37.5x7.79) }^0.5
= 71.15 cm < 101 safe
= 7.83 cm2
No of bars = 7.83/4.91
= 1.6
Horizontal ties
Horizontal force at section A = (0.2259x1.2 x 1.8 +0.48 x 3.6 )x2.07
= 4.59 t
= 3.26 cm2
= 48.47 cms say 200 mms
Vertical ties
Vertical force at section C = 6.67x2.07
= 13.81 t
9.79 cm2
= 23.08 cms say 100 mms
Total 173.24 52.84 422.17 168.67
Eccentricity = 3.5 / 2 - 1.46 = 0.29 m
Ptoe = 16.47 Safe
Pheel = 5.53 Safe
Self Weight of the Wall & Earth fill 151.34 345.52
Total 151.34 62.38 345.52 158.03
Eccentricity = 3.5 / 2 - 1.24 = 0.51 m
Ptoe = 18.01 Safe
Pheel = 1.21 Safe
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Total 182.33 73.83 450.17 254.73
Eccentricity = 3.5 / 2 - 1.07 = 0.68 m
Ptoe = 25.07 Safe
(ii) With Av -ve

Total 175.61 68.69 434.29 233.66
Eccentricity = 3.5 / 2 - 1.14 = 0.61 m
Ptoe = 22.81 Safe
Dry condition
(a) Normal case
Self Weight of the Wall & Earth fill 151.34 345.52
Earth pressures 22.05 52.43 76.65 168.57
Total 173.39 52.43 422.17 168.57
Eccentricity = 3.5 / 2 - 1.46 = 0.29 m
Ptoe = 16.48 Safe
Pheel = 5.54 Safe
Self Weight of the wall & Earth fill 151.34 345.52
Fluid Pressure 0 #REF! 0 #REF!
Total 151.34 #REF! 345.52 #REF!
Lever arm with respect to edge, 0 = #REF! #REF! m
Eccentricity = #REF! #REF! m
Base pressures = #REF!
Ptoe = #REF! #REF!
Pheel = #REF! #REF!
actor of safety against sliding = #REF! = #REF! #REF!
Factor of safety against overturning = #REF! = #REF! #REF!
(b)Seismic case
(i) With Av +ve
Total 182.48 73.42 450.17 254.63
Eccentricity = 3.5 / 2 - 1.07 = 0.68 m
Ptoe = 25.09 Safe
(ii) With Av -ve
Total 175.76 68.28 434.29 233.56
Eccentricity = 3.5 / 2 - 1.14 = 0.61 m
Ptoe = 22.83 Safe
Heel side slab ( section C )

= 6.67 t/m2
= 1.59 tm/m
= 1.19 tm/m
deff,reqd.= { 1.59 x 10^5 / (100 x 7.79 ) }^0.5
= 14.29 cms < 31.9 safe
= 2.66 cm2/m
Amin= 0.15 x 40 (cl. 707.2.7 of IRC 78 - 2000)
= 6 cm2/m
= 18.85 cm
Provide 12mm dia bar at 45 mm c/c giving an area of 25.13 cm2/m
(cl 305.10 IRC:21-2000)
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
= 1.99 cm2/m
Amin= 0.15 x 40 (cl. 707.2.7 of IRC 78 - 2000)
= 6 cm2/m
= 18.85 cm
Provide 12mm dia bar at 100 mm c/c giving an area of 11.31 cm2/m
(cl 305.10 IRC:21-2000)
Amin= 2.5 cm2/m
Check for Shear

= 3.51 t/m
= 1.1 kg/cm2
0 0 1.8 0
0 0
107.6 0
0 7.10 1.8 0 0 1.4
7.000 0.10 0.14 1.66 1.31 0.09
7.000 0.1 0.14 1.66 1.31 0.09

0
7.000 0.1 0.14 1.66 1.31 0.09
0
7.000 0.1 0.14 1.66 1.31 0.09
7.100 0 0 1.8 1.4 0

3
1.125 1.125
Depth of MSL from HFL for scour up to ;-

#REF! 0.0
0.0 #REF! 0.0
#REF! 0.0
#REF! 0
HFL = 0.6
#REF! 0.6
#REF! 0.6
#REF! 0.6
#REF! 0.6
#REF! 0.6
#REF! 0.6
#REF! 0.6
#REF! 0.6
0.12
edge (t-m)
0.72
0.75
0.75
16.65 75.8
1.18 6.29
6.73 35.89
24.56 117.98
50
1.25
12 150 7.54 0.79
10 150 5.27
12.81
spacing 150 7.54 cm2/m
Add. Dia 0 spacing 120
area 0 Ast 0
Total Ast 7.54
0.31 0.2392 0 0
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
0.5 0.3
0.75 0.35
1 0.39
1.25 0.42
1.5 0.45
1.75 0.47
2 0.49
2.25 0.51
2.5 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
12 150 7.54
0 120 0 0
7.54
area 0 Ast 0
Total Ast 7.54
0.24 0.2160 0 0
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
0.5 0.3
0.75 0.35
1 0.39
1.25 0.42
1.5 0.45
1.75 0.47
2 0.49
2.25 0.51
2.5 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
0.48 0.41
0.48
area 0 Ast 0
Total Ast 5.24

area 0.5 Ast 2
Total Ast 5.14
0.21 0.2040
pt M20
0 0
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
0.5 0.3 0.51
0.75 0.35 0.51
2 0.49
2.25 0.51
2.5 0.51
4
0.48 0.41
0.48

area 0.5 Ast 2
Total Ast 5.14

area 0.5 Ast 2
Total Ast 5.14
0.21 0.2040
pt M20
0 0
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
0.5 0.3 0.51
0.75 0.35 0.51
2 0.49
2.25 0.51
2.5 0.51
2.07
No of bars 7
34.36 cm2
0.5 0.3000 0 0
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
0.5 0.3
0.75 0.35
1 0.39
1.25 0.42
1.5 0.45
1.75 0.47
2 0.49
2.25 0.51
2.5 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
dia 10
area 0.79
5.6
2.07
No of bars 8
39.27 cm2
dia 10
area 0.79
dia 12
area 1.13
ht 2
3.6
2.07
No of bars 4
19.63 cm2
dia 10
area 0.79
dia 12
area 1.13
o account in
spacing 45
25.13 cm2/m
spacing 100
11.31 cm2/m
0.79 0.3564 0 0
0.15 0.18
0.25 0.22
0.5 0.3
0.75 0.35
1 0.39
1.25 0.42
1.5 0.45
1.75 0.47
2 0.49
2.25 0.51
2.5 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
2.5 0.51
2.75 0.51
3 0.51
6.0 CHECK FOR THE STABILITY OF THE WING WALL ( TYPICAL )
PCC wing wall ( Section 1 1 ) All units in meter - mtons unless otherwise specified
5
6
6.5 1 5.3
6.2
2
X
3 0.9
0.3 4 0.3
0.3 1.48 0.3 0.9 0.3 O
3.28
Cross Section of the Wing Wall
Parameters
Length of the wing wall = 4
Width of the wing wall = 3.28
Total Height of the wing wall = 6.5
Height of Frontfill = 1.2
Dry unit weight of Concrete = 2.2 ( for PCC grade M15)
Surcharge = 1.2
Angle of Internal Fricition of soil (Backfill) = 35
Angle of Fricition between Backfill & Concrete = 22.5
Determination of value of earth pressure coefficient : (Refer Cl 8 of I.S.1893)
Due to back fill:
Ca = (1+ or - av)*cos2(f-l-a)/[cos l*cos2a*cos(d+l+a)] *
i= 0 f= 35
a= 13.43 d= 22.5
Expression Value Expression Value
cos(f-l-a) 0.93 sin(f+d) 0.8434
cos(d+l+a) 0.8097 sin(f-i-l) 0.5736
cosl 1 cos(a-i) 0.9727
cosa 0.9727
Ca = 1*(0.93)^2/[1*(0.9727)^2*(0.8097)]*[1/{1+(0.8434*0.5736/(0.9727*0.8097) )^0.5} ]^2
= 0.3548
Horizontal Component of Ca = 0.3548 * COS(22.5 + 13.43) = 0.2873
Vertical Component of Ca = 0.3548 * SIN (22.5 + 13.43) = 0.2082
Computation of Earth Pressure Forces and Moments:
Due to Backfill :
Horizontal force due to surcharge = 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2873 x 6.5 x 4 = 16.13
Moment due to surcharge @ O = 16.13 x 6.5 / 2 = 52.42
Horizontal force due to earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2873 x 6.5^ 2 x 4 = 43.7
Moment due to earth pressure @ O = 43.7 x 0.42 x 6.5 = 119.3
Vertical force due to earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2082 x 6.5^ 2 x 4 = 31.67
Moment due to earth pressure @ O = 31.67 x 3.28 = 103.88
Computation of horizontal forces and moments due to fluid pressures
( including surcharge )
Horizontal Force = 0.5 x 0.48 x 6.5^2 x 4 = 40.56
Moment about Base = 40.56 x 6.5 x 1/ 3 = 87.88
Total Horizontal Force including surcharge ( Dry condition ) = 40.56 + 16.13 = 56.69
Moment = 87.88 + 52.42 = 140.3
Recapitulations of horizontal forces and moments
Due to earth pressure at base of the foundation
Dry Condition
Particulars Horizontal Force Moment at Vertical Moment
(t) base (t-m) Force w.r.t
t O ( tm)
Earth Pressure ( Backfill ) 43.7 119.30 31.67 103.88
Surcharge ( Live Load ) 16.13 52.42 - -
Total : 59.83 171.72 31.67 103.88
b) Fluid Pressure from Backfill :
(t) base (t-m)
Evaluation of forces and moments due to self weight of the wing wall
and soil :
(t) (m) ( t-m )
1 0.3 X 6.2 X 4 X 2.2 16.37 1.35 22.1
2 1/2x6.2x1.48x4x2.2 40.37 1.99 80.34
3 1/2x0.9 X 0.9 X 4 X 2.2 = 3.56 0.9 3.2
4 3.28 X 0.3 X 4 X 2.2 = 8.66 1.64 14.2
5 1/2x6.2x1.48x4x1.8 33.03 2.49 82.24
6 0.3 X 6.2 X 4 X 1.8 = 13.39 3.13 41.91
Total : 115.38 Total : 243.99
Base Pressures
( Dry Condition with earth pressures)
Particular Loads (t) Moments (t-m)
Earth pressures (Back fill) 31.67 59.83 103.88 171.72
Total 147.05 59.83 347.87 171.72
Eccentricity = 3.28 / 2 - 1.2 = 0.44 m
Base pressures = 147.05 / 3.28 X 4 + 147.05 X 0.44 X 6 / 4 X 3.28^2
Ptoe = 20.23 Safe
Pheel = 2.19 Safe
( Dry Condition with fluid pressures)
Self Weight of Abutment & Earth f 115.38 243.99
Fluid pressures 40.56 87.88
Total 115.38 40.56 243.99 87.88
Eccentricity = 3.28 / 2 - 1.35 = 0.29 m
Base pressures = 115.38 / 3.28 X 4 + 115.38 X 0.29 X 6 / 4 X 3.28^2
Ptoe = 13.46 Safe
Pheel = 4.13 Safe
Check for the wing wall shaft ( section x-x)
Computation of Earth Pressure Forces and Moments at section x-x:
Due to Backfill :
Horizontal force due to surcharge = 1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2871 x 5.3 x 1 = 3.29
Moment due to surcharge @ x = 3.29 x 5.3 / 2 = 8.72
Horizontal force due to earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2871 x 5.3^ 2 x 1 = 7.26
Moment due to earth pressure @ x = 7.26 x 0.42 x 5.3 = 16.16
Vertical force due to earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.2076 x 5.3^ 2 x 1 = 5.25
Moment due to earth pressure @ x = 5.25 x 1.56 = 8.19
Computation of horizontal forces and moments due to fluid pressures
( including surcharge )
Horizontal Force = 0.5 x 0.48 x 5.3^2 x 1 = 6.74
Moment about x-x = 6.74 x 5.3 x 1/ 3 = 11.91
Total Horizontal Force including surcharge ( Dry condition ) = 6.74 + 3.29 = 10.03
Moment = 11.91 + 8.72 = 20.63
Recapitulations of horizontal forces and moments
Due to earth pressure at base of the foundation
Dry Condition
Particulars Horizontal Force Moment at Vertical Moment
(t) X (t-m) Force at X(t-m)
Earth Pressure ( Backfill ) 7.26 16.16 5.25 8.19
Surcharge ( Live Load ) 3.29 8.72 - -
Total : 10.55 24.88 5.25 8.19
b) Fluid Pressure from Backfill :
(t) X (t-m)
Evaluation of forces and moments due to self weight of the wing wall
and soil :
( dry condition )
L.A. w.r.t Moment
Particulars Vertical Force X at X
(t) (m) ( t-m )
1 0.3 X 5.3 X 1 X 2.2 3.5 0.15 0.53
2 1/2x5.3x1.26x1x2.2 7.35 0.72 5.29
3 1/2x0 X 0 X 1 X 2.2 = 0 0 0
4 1.56 X 0 X 1 X 2.2 = 0 0.78 0
5 1/2x5.3x1.26x1x1.8 6.01 1.14 6.85
6 0 X 5.3 X 1 X 1.8 = 0 1.56 0
Total : 16.86 Total : 12.67
Pessures at section X
( Dry Condition with earth pressures)
Earth pressures (Back fill) 5.25 10.55 8.19 24.88
Total 22.11 10.55 20.86 24.88
Lever arm with respect to edge, X = (20.86 - 24.88) / 22.11 = -0.18 m
Eccentricity = 1.56 / 2 - -0.18 = 0.96 m
Pressures = 22.11 / 1.56 X 1 + 22.11 X 0.96 X 6 / 1 X 1.56^2
Pmax = 66.5 =< 375 t/m2 safe
Pmin = -38.16 => -40 t/m2 Safe
( Dry Condition with fluid earth pressures)
Fluid pressures 6.74 11.91
Total 16.86 6.74 12.67 11.91
Lever arm with respect to edge, X = (12.67 - 11.91) / 16.86 = 0.05 m
Eccentricity = 1.56 / 2 - 0.05 = 0.73 m
Pressures = 16.86 / 1.56 X 1 + 16.86 X 0.73 X 6 / 1 X 1.56^2
Pmax = 41.15 =< 375 t/m2 safe
Pmin = -19.54 => -40 t/m2 Safe
Since tension occurs in the heel side of the foundation , there is a reduction in the contact area of
the soil and hence there is a increase in the maximum base pressure at toe side after redistribution
of pressures .
( Dry condition with earth pressure case will experience maximum tension. )
2.19
20.23
0.32 2.96
x L-x
3.28
L
x = 2.19X3.28/(20.23+2.19) = 0.32 m
Pmax = 2X[147.05 / 3.6 X 4]
0.98
6.85
31.32 M3
67.66 M2
4.2
Design of Wing Walls
5
5.3 1 5.3
5.3
2
3 0
0 4 0
0 1.26 0.3 0 0
1.56
CROSS - SECTION OF WING WALL
PARAMETERS :
Length of Abutment = 1
Width of Abutment = 1.56
Height of Frontfill = 0
Surcharge = 1.2
Angle of Internal Fricition of soil (Backfill) = 35
Angle of Fricition between Backfill & Concrete = 22.5
Determination of value of earth pressure coefficient :
(Refer Cl 8 of I.S.1893)
Due to back fill:
Ca = (1+ or - av)*cos2(f-l-a)/[cos l*cos2a*cos(d+l+a)] *

#REF! 0 #REF! 35
#REF! 13.37 #REF! 22.5
Expression Value Expression Value
cos(f-l-a) 0.9296 sin(f+d) 0.8434
cos(d+l+a) 0.8103 sin(f-i-l) 0.5736
cosl 1 cos(a-i) 0.9729
cosa 0.9729
Ca = 1*(0.9296)^2 / [1*(0.9729)^2*(0.8103)] * [1/ {1+ ( 0.8434*0.5736 / (0.9729*0.8103) )^0.5}
= 0.3543
Horizontal Component of Ca = 0.3543 * COS(22.5 + 13.37)
= 0.2871
Vertical Component of Ca = 0.3543 * SIN (22.5 + 13.37)
= 0.2076
375
-40
50
/ (0.9729*0.8103) )^0.5} ]^2

1310 (50.0 M Span Bridge at Reasi)

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Intro 1

50 M CLEAR SPAN THROUGH TYPE STEEL TRUSS GIRDER MOTORABLE BRIDGE

1.0 Design Note :

grade Fe415 . This RCC deck rests on cross girder

of built up steel section with spacing of 3660

and marketed by Research engineers institute USA . )

Seismic Zone factor = 0.24 for Zone IV

Response reduction factor = 2.5

2.0 Loads on the Abutment

Live load reaction at B = 50+48.6 - 53.55

Hence Max horizontal force on rocker bearing = 5.59 t

Section of Left side Abutment adopted and values of various parameters

10.85 7e 3b BED RL 90.65

Heel slab(5) Toe slab(6)

Moment due to Live Load eccentricity = 44.18 tm

Dry Condition ( Static case ) :

l= 13.983 for Av -ve for submerged state

Vertical Component of Cp = 0.46 * SIN(10 + 0) = 0.0799

Computation of Forces and Moments due to Earth pressure

(i) Due to backfill

1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 9.35 x 6.5 -

1.8 x 1.2 x 0.2259 x 9.35 x 6.5

Total Horizontal Force including L.L.surcharge ( Dry condition ) = 183.65 + 34.41

Recapitulation of horizontal forces and moments

(t) (t) (t-m)

3e -do- (1.5 + 1.5) / 2 X 0.1 X 6.5 X 2.4 = 2.34 3.15 7.37

7g 1.7 X 2.4 X 5.6 X 1.8 = 41.13 5.1 209.76

(ii) considering fluid pressure

Factor of safety against overturning = 2987.47 / 1134.39 = 2.63 Safe

Factor of safety against sliding = 529.08 X 0.7 / 241.91 = 1.53 Safe

Ptoe = 21.56 Safe

Total 656.78 157.21 2689.79 647.27

Particulars Loads (t) Moments (t-m)

44.18 X 6 / 6.3 X 6.5^2

Total of normal case 735.73 194.67 2950.33 852.74

(1) Dry Condition

Hence effective base width L1 = 3X1.8 (for no tension) = 5.4 m

Base pressure diagram

19.89 20.37 3.54 3.06

Design Parameters Net pressure diagram

Permissible compressive stress in concrete = 68 kg/cm2

Design of Abutment Shaft

Vertical component of earth pressure = 0.5 x 1.8 x 0.0936 x 9.45^ 2 x 6.5

= 17.4 + 39.91 + 7.3

Moment due to this DI @ X

1 Earth Pressure (Backfill) 117.39 400.56 33.08 49.62

2 DI in Live load surcharge 10.87 48.24 - -

Seismic case , ( valid for both Av +ve and Av -ve)

Evaluation of additional forces and moments due to seismic force in longitudinal

(b) H.F.L with scour upto 1.27dsm

Summation of forces and moments at stem ( section X )

(ii) considering fluid pressure

HFL with scour upto 1.27dsm

(i) With Av +ve

Total 422.83 251.79 480.43 1068.72

Vertical Horizontal Restoring Overturning

Add 50% live loads effects 39.48 3.6 35.53 34.02

(d) Seismic case with Av -ve 358.25 866.97

(1-0.06)(0.9598)^2/[0.9716(1)^2(0.9157)][1/{1+(0.64280.2807 / (10.9157) )^0.5} ]^2