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    Tutorial 1

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    This document contains 39 questions related to matrix algebra, numerical methods, and computational mechanics. The questions cover topics such as matrix operations, solving systems of equations, eigenanalysis, finite element modeling, and developing computer programs for numerical methods. Many questions ask to develop subprograms or functions to implement numerical techniques such as Gaussian elimination, Cholesky decomposition, the Runge-Kutta method, and normalizing matrices.

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    Tutorial 1

    Uploaded by

    abin
    153 views7 pages
    This document contains 39 questions related to matrix algebra, numerical methods, and computational mechanics. The questions cover topics such as matrix operations, solving systems of equations, eigenanalysis, finite element modeling, and developing computer programs for numerical methods. Many questions ask to develop subprograms or functions to implement numerical techniques such as Gaussian elimination, Cholesky decomposition, the Runge-Kutta method, and normalizing matrices.

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    Tutorial 1 for continuum mechanics

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    This document contains 39 questions related to matrix algebra, numerical methods, and computational mechanics. The questions cover topics such as matrix operations, solving systems of equations, eigenanalysis, finite element modeling, and developing computer programs for numerical methods. Many questions ask to develop subprograms or functions to implement numerical techniques such as Gaussian elimination, Cholesky decomposition, the Runge-Kutta method, and normalizing matrices.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    153 views7 pages

    Tutorial 1

    Uploaded by

    abin
    This document contains 39 questions related to matrix algebra, numerical methods, and computational mechanics. The questions cover topics such as matrix operations, solving systems of equations, eigenanalysis, finite element modeling, and developing computer programs for numerical methods. Many questions ask to develop subprograms or functions to implement numerical techniques such as Gaussian elimination, Cholesky decomposition, the Runge-Kutta method, and normalizing matrices.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MADRAS, CHENNAI

    Department of Civil Engineering


    CE 5340 FEM and Constitutive Modelling in Geomechanics
    Tutorial # 1: Matrix Algebra and Solution Techniques
    Note: Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary.

    1.1
    ⎡ 4 − 2.236⎤
    ⎢− 2.236 8 ⎥⎦
    ⎣
    8. Given that
    ⎡ 8 −2 0 ⎤ ⎧2⎫
    ⎪ ⎪
    A = ⎢⎢− 2 4 − 3⎥⎥ d = ⎨− 1⎬
    ⎢⎣ 0 − 3 3 ⎥⎦ ⎪3⎪
    ⎩ ⎭
    determine (a) I - ddT, (b) The eigen values and eigen vectors of A? Is A positive
    definite? (c) The solution to Ax = d by hand calculation.
    1 T
    9. Express q = x1 – 6x2 + 3 x 12 + 5x1x2 in the matrix form x Qx + c T x .
    2
    10. A symmetric matrix [A]n×n has bandwidth nbw and is stored in the matrix [B]n×nbw.
    (a) Find the location in B that corresponds to A11,14.
    (b) Find the location in A that corresponds to B6,1.

    11. How to compute a best approximation to a vector from a subspace, with and without
    an orthogonal basis?

    12. How to solve a matrix-vector equation when the matrix is symmetric and its
    eigenvalues and eigenvectors are known?

    13. Solve the following set of equations using Gauss Elimination and Gauss-Jordan
    methods.
    2x1 + x2 – 3x3 = 11
    4x1 − 2x2 + 3x3 = 8
    –2x1 + 2x2 – x3 = –6

    14. Explicitly verify the following properties of the Kronecker delta:

    15. For the given matrix and vector


    ⎡1 1 1 ⎤ ⎡1 ⎤
    [aij] = ⎢⎢0 4 2⎥⎥ , [bi] = ⎢⎢0⎥⎥
    ⎢⎣0 1 1 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣2⎥⎦

    Compute the following quantities: aii, aijaij, aijajk, aijbj, aijbibj, bibj, bibi. For each
    quantity, point out whether the result is a scalar, vector or matrix.

    2
    16. Define the following: (i) Algorithm, (ii) Pseudocode, (iii) Computer program, (iv)
    Debugging, (v) Vector space, (vi) Linear independence, and (vii) Numerical model.
    17. Develop a user-friendly subprogram in either a high-level or macro language of your
    choice for Cholesky decomposition.
    18. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of golden-section search, quadratic
    interpolation, and Newton’s method for locating an optimum value in one dimension.

    19. Find the directional derivative of f(x,y) = 2x2 + y2 at x = 2 and y = 2 in the direction
    of h = 3i + 2j.

    20. Develop a subprogram to implement the random search method.

    21. (a) Develop a user-friendly computer program for the classical fourth-order RK
    method. Test the program using examples.

    (b) Develop a user-friendly computer program for system of equations using the
    fourth-order RK method. Test the program using examples.

    22. A second-order symmetric tensor field is given by

    Using MATLAB (or similar software), investigate the nature of the variation of the
    principal stresses and directions over the interval 1 ≤ x1 ≤ 2. Formally plot the
    variation of the absolute value of each principal stress over the range 1 ≤ x1 ≤ 2.
    23. Write a well-structured flowchart for a subroutine procedure to calculate r and θ as a
    function of x and y. Express the final results for θ in degrees.
    24. Develop well-structured function procedures to determine (a) the factorial; (b) the
    minimum value in a vector; and (c) the average of the values in a vector.
    25. Develop well-structured programs to (a) determine the square root of the sum of the
    squares of the elements of a two-dimensional array (i.e., a matrix) and (b) normalize a
    matrix by dividing each row by the maximum absolute value in the row so that the
    maximum element in each row is 1.

    3
    26. Write a program to read a set of numbers, count them, and calculate the mean,
    variance, and standard deviation of the set of numbers. OR

    27. Determine whether the following strains are possible in a continuous material:

    Here c is a small constant, and it is assumed that εz = γxz = γyz = 0.


    28. The displacement field and strain distribution in a soil mass have the form,

    What are relationships connecting the constants, a’s, b’s, and c’s that make the above
    expression possible?

    29. Show that the second-order tensor aδij, where a is an arbitrary constant, retains its
    form under any transformation Qij. This form is then an isotropic second-order tensor.
    30. Determine if the following stress field is a valid solution of a plane elasticity problem:
    σ x = 3a1 x 2 y , σ y = a1 y 3 , and τ xy = −3a1 xy 2 , where a1 is a constant. The body is
    isotopic and linearly elastic, and body forces are zero.

    4
    31.

    32.

    33.

    34.

    35.

    5
    36. Explain the following:
    (i) Error (ii) Precision (iii) Accuracy
    (iv) Relative error (v) Roundoff errors (vi) Bit (vii) Byte
    (viii) Floating-point representation (ix) Order of accuracy
    (x) Mathematical modelling of a physical process.
    37.

    38.

    6
    39.

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