Science 9 Quarter 3 Module 1 Week 2

SCIENCE 9 Quarter 3 – Week 2
MAGMA (a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and dissolved gas) expelled onto the Earth's surface
TYPES OF MAGMA
 Basaltic: Basalt rock: SiO2(Silica) 45-55 %, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na
Temperature:1000 - 1200 oC, Viscosity: Low, Gas Content: Low
 Andesitic: Andesite rock: SiO2(Silica) 55-65 SiO2 %, intermediate in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K
Temperature: 800 - 1000 oC, Viscosity: Intermediate, Gas Content: Intermediate
 Rhyolitic: Rhyolite rock: SiO2(Silica) 65-75 SiO2 %, low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na
Temperature: 650 - 800 oC, Viscosity: High, Gas Content: High
Magma Formation: Magma can be formed either by melting of Earth’s crust or by melting within the
mantle. The four main factors involved in the formation of magma are TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE,
WATER CONTENT, AND MINERAL CONTENT.
First, let’s look into how TEMPERATURE OF MAGMA affects its viscosity.
 The viscosity of magma decreases with temperature. The higher the temperature of magma is,
the lower is its viscosity. As lava flows, it cools and begins to harden, its ability to flow decreases
and eventually it stops.
Next, let’s look at how the COMPOSITION OF MAGMA affects its viscosity.
 Magmas with high silica content are more viscous than those with low silica. The magma that
contains less silica is relatively fluid and travels far before solidifying.
Lastly, Gases in Magma the composition of the gases in magma are: Mostly H2O (water vapor) &
some CO2 (carbon dioxide), Minor amounts of Sulfur, Chlorine, and Fluorine gases. Therefore, in
near-surface environments, the loss of gases makes magma more viscous, forming a dome or a
columnar. Viscosity is an important property in determining the eruptive behavior of magmas. Higher
SiO2 (silica) content magmas have higher viscosity than lower SiO 2 content magmas (viscosity
increases with increasing SiO2 concentration in the magma). Lower temperature magmas have higher
viscosity than higher temperature magmas (viscosity decreases with increasing temperature of the
magma).
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN VOLCANOES ERUPT
Volcanic Processes: refer to eruptive and noneruptive activities that take place on volcanoes.
Common sequences of events at stratovolcanoes:
Before an eruption begins, rising magma opens cracks (fractures) in rocks beneath the volcano,
commonly causing earthquakes, deformation of the land surface and gas release. During the
onset of an explosive eruption, volcanic gases in the magma expand and break magma into tiny
pieces called tephra. After many of the gases have dispersed in the atmosphere, a more fluid lava
pool within the crater rises and flows over the crater lip as a lava flow. The ensuing lava flows
sometimes break apart on steep volcanic terrain as avalanches of hot rock and gases. These
pyroclastic flows (sometimes called hot ash flows), melt snow and ice, providing the water for debris
flows and lahars (large debris flows). Pyroclastic flows also originate from the collapse of eruption
columns-the dark column of ash, steam, and other gases that rises above an explosively erupting
volcano. Rocks that have been weakened by hot acidic groundwater (hydrothermal alteration)
become more susceptible to collapse as a landslide. Volcanoes can also erupt nonexplosive, without
tephra. Where lava is too viscous to flow, it forms a dome-shaped feature commonly called a lava
dome.
A.
Process Question:
What are the three major types of magma and how are they distinguished from one another in terms
of their chemical compositions and physical properties? Use the Table below.
Magma Type Solidified Chemical Temperature Viscosity Gas Content
Rock Composition
BASALTIC
ANDESITIC
RHYOLITIC
B. Direction: Use the graphic organizer below to explain the process of volcanic eruption
before, during and after. Write each step-in order. Add details.
PROCESS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION
BEFORE:
DURING:
AFTER:
C. DIRECTION: Supply information on the given graphic organizer below. You may use your
own idea in answering the graphic organizer.
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
CAUSE OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION
Directions: Answer the following questions.

In any order: 1-3. What are the different types of magma?
In any order: 4-7. What are the four main factors involved in the formation of magma?
8. A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle
A. Magma B. Pyroclastic Flow C. Lava Flow D. Ash Flow
9. A material found in magma that is formed from the element’s oxygen and silicon.
A. Silica B. Tanzanite C. Andesite D. Basaltic
10. An important property in determining the eruptive behavior of magma is called _________.
A. Permeability B. Viscosity C. Elasticity D. Maleability
(INFOGRAPHICS) DIRECTION: Create an infographic regarding awareness in volcanic hazards
Before, During, and After a volcanic eruption. Your presentation will be rated based on the following
criteria:
RUBRICS
MR. JEMUEL CABRERA FRANCISCO

TEACHER I SVNHS

Science 9 Quarter 3 Module 1 Week 2

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SCIENCE 9 Quarter 3 – Week 2

Temperature:1000 - 1200 oC, Viscosity: Low, Gas Content: Low

Temperature: 800 - 1000 oC, Viscosity: Intermediate, Gas Content: Intermediate

Temperature: 650 - 800 oC, Viscosity: High, Gas Content: High

WATER CONTENT, AND MINERAL CONTENT.

and eventually it stops.

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN VOLCANOES ERUPT

Magma Type Solidified Chemical Temperature Viscosity Gas Content

own idea in answering the graphic organizer.

CAUSE OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION EFFECTS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION

Directions: Answer the following questions.

MR. JEMUEL CABRERA FRANCISCO

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