Title: 1) Preliminary Tests

TITLE - To identify the given organic drug/compound D9 by Systematic Qualitative Analysis.
OBSERVATION TABLE AND CONCLUSIONS:
1) Preliminary Tests:
Serial Test
Number
a Colour
b Odour
c Solubility behavior: 0.2 ml or 4

drops of liquid/ solid or 0.1gm of
solid + 3ml of the solvent. Shake
thoroughly. If sample does not
dissolve warm gently and cool to
room temperature.
I Soiubility in water
II Cold or hot solution , test with

litmus
III If acidic, add a substance to 10%

sodium bicarbonate solution
IV If not soluble in water, then try in

2M NaOH
V If not soluble in 2N NaOH, then try

in dilute HCI.
d Action of reagents
I Action of cold NaOH: About 0.2g/3 No specific

drops of compound + 2ml of water observation
+ 2ml 10% NaOH and the mixture is
shaken well
II Action of hot concentrated No specific

observation
H₂SO 0.1g of solid or 2 drops of
liquid+ 1ml concentrated H₂SO4,
warm.
III Action of NaCO3 solution: 10ml of No effervescence
10% Na-CO₂ solution +0.2g of solid
or 4 drops of liquid
IV Action of KMnO4 solution: 2 g of Decolourisation
solid or 4 drops of 0.20 liquid+
10ml NaCO₂ solution. + drop by
drop KMnO4 solution.
V Action of bromine water No decolourisation
VI Action of FeCl3 solution: No specific

Substance+ water + a drop or two observation
of FeCl3 solution
VII Heating on oxidized copper gauze No sooty flame
(Beilstain's test)
VIII Heating in a dry test tube. No specific

observation
IX Heating on a clean glass rod. Burn with a pale blue
non luminous flame
X Heating with soda lime: Take in No specific

hard glass test tube, 0.5 g of observation.
substance + 2g of finely powdered
soda lime + 1 g of coarse soda lime.
Lime
If the substance is
liquid, add 5 drops of it to a fine

layer of soda lime. Close the tube
by a cork with a bent delivery tube,
heat from top of test tube
downwards gently at first and than
strongly, and collect the product. _
Conclusion: On the basis of the tests performed above and with reference handbook the given
organic drug/compound is 1)Aliphatic 2) Unsaturated 3) Neutral
Determination of Physical Constant

Conclusion: The melting point boiling point of the given organic drug/compound was found to be 50°C
Determination of Element :
Sr.No Test Observation Inference
a Test for Nitrogen: 3-4 ml filtrate+ No blue ppt or green Nitrogen absent
solid FeSO4, till saturation, heat to ppt
boil for few minutes, then acidify
with con. H₂SO4
b Test for Sulphur:
i) 2 ml filtrate + 1 drop of dilute No intense purple Sulphur absent

sodium hydroxide solution four colour
drops of freshly prepared and very
dilute solution of sodium
nitroprusside.
ii) 2 ml filtrate + acetic acid to No black ppt

acidify + few drops of lead acetate Sulphur absent
solution. iii) 2 ml filtrate + HCI to
neutralize the solution + few drops
of FeCl3 solution.
C Test for Halogens:
I Acidity 5 ml the filtrate with dilute No heavy white curdy Halogen absent.
H₂SO, boil well to reduce the volume ppt.
to one third to expel H₂S if S and /or
HCN if N, already found to be
present. Then add few drops of
dilute HNO3, (to acidify) and AgNo3
solution.
Chloroform layer test Filtrate, acidify

with mineral acid+ 1 ml of
chloroform + few drops of fresh
II chlorine water, shake well and
observe the colour of the _
chloroform layer.
_
Conclusion : Given organic drug / compound found to contain C,H,O element.
Determination of functional group/ groups ( C,H,O )

Sr.No Test Observation Inference
I Test for aldehyde : No pink colour Aldehyde absent
Caros test : Take sample and add 4

to 5 ml of schiffs reagent
II Test for carbohydrate : No violet reddish Carbohydrate absent

coloration at the
Molisch's reaction-Sample H₂O+ 2
junction of the two layer
drops of alcoholic solution of a
naphthol, add concentrated H₂SO4
from the side
III Test for acids : Sample+ NaCO3 or No effervescence Acid absent.

NaHCO₂
IV Test for phenol : Sample + 1 drop of No green , blue , violet Phenol absent .
fresh aqueous FeCl3 precipitate
V Esters of anhydride Test: Substance No changes in colour Esters of anhydride absent.

H2O+1 drop of phenolphthalein+ occur.
0.1N NaOH + heat
VI Test for ketones : To a small Red color. Ketone present.

quantity of the substance. add a
few drops of sodium nitropusside
and then a few drops of NaOH.
Dinitrobenzene test : To 1 ml of the

substance add about 0.1 gm of
powdered m-dinitrobenzene and A violet coloration is Ketone ( acetone ) present.
then an excess of NaOH solution produced which fades
and Shake. slowly
Conclusion: The given organic drug/compound was found to contain ketone ( RCOR'*) functional
group/groups.
Result : The given organic drug/compound was having 50°C boiling point. C, H, O elements and Ketone
(RCOR') group/groups, therefore with reference to literature, the organic drug/ compound may be
Acetone .
Confirmative test : ( Specific colour reaction or derivative )

Sr. TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE
NO
I Few ml of organic liquid+ 2ml of White ppt Acetone Confirmed
saturated solution of sodium
disulphide shake well
II 1 ml of liquid + 2 ml of sodium Red colour changes to Acetone Confirmed

nitroprusside+ drop of NAOH violet colour
solution+ Glacial acetic acid
III 3. 2ml of sample+ 5ml of Na2Co3 + Deep yellow ppt Acetone Confirmed
iodine in pot. Iodide
Structural formula and category :
Structure :
Category : Solvent

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TITLE - To identify the given organic drug/compound D9 by Systematic Qualitative Analysis.

OBSERVATION TABLE AND CONCLUSIONS:

c Solubility behavior: 0.2 ml or 4

II Cold or hot solution , test with

III If acidic, add a substance to 10%

IV If not soluble in water, then try in

V If not soluble in 2N NaOH, then try

I Action of cold NaOH: About 0.2g/3 No specific

II Action of hot concentrated No specific

VI Action of FeCl3 solution: No specific

VIII Heating in a dry test tube. No specific

X Heating with soda lime: Take in No specific

liquid, add 5 drops of it to a fine

Determination of Physical Constant

Sr.No Test Observation Inference

b Test for Sulphur:

i) 2 ml filtrate + 1 drop of dilute No intense purple Sulphur absent

ii) 2 ml filtrate + acetic acid to No black ppt

C Test for Halogens:

Chloroform layer test Filtrate, acidify

Conclusion : Given organic drug / compound found to contain C,H,O element.

Determination of functional group/ groups ( C,H,O )

I Test for aldehyde : No pink colour Aldehyde absent

Caros test : Take sample and add 4

II Test for carbohydrate : No violet reddish Carbohydrate absent

III Test for acids : Sample+ NaCO3 or No effervescence Acid absent.

V Esters of anhydride Test: Substance No changes in colour Esters of anhydride absent.

VI Test for ketones : To a small Red color. Ketone present.

Dinitrobenzene test : To 1 ml of the

Confirmative test : ( Specific colour reaction or derivative )

II 1 ml of liquid + 2 ml of sodium Red colour changes to Acetone Confirmed

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