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    Proof Part 3 Contradiction

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    Ching Wen Wong
    This document provides outlines for proofs by contradiction. It gives two examples proving conditional statements using contradiction. The first proves "If a,b are integers, then a^2 - 4b != 2" and the second proves "If a is an integer and a^2 is even, then a is even." It then asks the reader to prove several conditional statements using contradiction proofs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Proof Part 3 Contradiction

    Uploaded by

    Ching Wen Wong
    46 views4 pages
    This document provides outlines for proofs by contradiction. It gives two examples proving conditional statements using contradiction. The first proves "If a,b are integers, then a^2 - 4b != 2" and the second proves "If a is an integer and a^2 is even, then a is even." It then asks the reader to prove several conditional statements using contradiction proofs.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document provides outlines for proofs by contradiction. It gives two examples proving conditional statements using contradiction. The first proves "If a,b are integers, then a^2 - 4b != 2" and the second proves "If a is an integer and a^2 is even, then a is even." It then asks the reader to prove several conditional statements using contradiction proofs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views4 pages

    Proof Part 3 Contradiction

    Uploaded by

    Ching Wen Wong
    This document provides outlines for proofs by contradiction. It gives two examples proving conditional statements using contradiction. The first proves "If a,b are integers, then a^2 - 4b != 2" and the second proves "If a is an integer and a^2 is even, then a is even." It then asks the reader to prove several conditional statements using contradiction proofs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    NAME:_________________________________________________CLASS:____________

    PROOF : CONTRADICTION PROOF

    Outline for Contradiction Proof

    Outline Explanation

    Proposition P . The proof began with the assumption that P was false, that
    Proof. Suppose P . is that P was true, then deduce new statements until you
    . have deduced some statement C and its negation C .
    . Finally, we deduced C  C .
    .
    Therefore C  C .

    Example 1
    Prove the following propositions with contradiction.

    Proposition If a, b  , then a 2  4b  2 .
    Proof. Suppose this proposition is false.
    This conditional statement being false means there exist numbers a and b for which a, b  is
    true, but a 2  4b  2 is false.
    In other words, there exist integers a, b  for which a 2  4b  2 .
    From this equation we get a 2  4b  2  2(2b  1) , so a 2 is even.
    Because a 2 is even, it follows that a is even, so a  2c for some integer c .
    Now plug a  2c back into the boxed equation to get  2c   4b  2 , so 4c 2  4b  2 . Dividing
    2

    by 2, we get 2c 2  2b  1
    Therefore 1  2  c 2  b  , and because c 2  b  , it follows that 1 is even.
    We know 1 is not even, so something went wrong.
    But all the logic after the first line of the proof is correct, so it must be that the first line was
    incorrect.
    In other words, we were wrong to assume the proposition was false.
    Thus the proposition is true.

    Outline for Contradiction Proof : Proving a Conditional Statement

    Outline Explanation

    Proposition If P , then Q . We need to prove that P  Q is a true statement.


    Proof. Suppose P and Q. Proof by contradiction begins with the assumption that
    .  P  Q is true, that is, that P  Q is false. But we
    . know that P  Q being false means that it is possible that
    .
    P can be true while Q is false. Thus the first step in the
    Therefore C  C .
    proof is to assume P and Q.
    Example 2
    Prove the following propositions with contradiction.

    Proposition Suppose a  . If a 2 is even, then a is even.


    Proof. For the sake of contradiction, suppose a 2 is even and a is not even.
    Then a 2 is even, and a is odd.
    Since a is odd, there is an integer c for which a  2c  1
     
    Then a 2   2c  1  4c 2  4c  1  2 2c 2  2c  1 , so a 2 is odd.
    2

    Thus a 2 is even and a 2 is not even, a contradiction.

    Answer the following.

    1. Suppose n  . If n is odd, then n 2 is odd.

    2. Suppose n  . If n 2 is odd, then n is odd.


    3. If a, b  , then a 2  4b  2  0 .

    4. If a, b  , then a 2  4b  3  0 .
    5. Prove that 3
    2 is irrational.

    6. Prove that 3 is irrational.

    7. Prove that 6 is irrational.

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