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Class 7 Chapter Notes

Clinical and laboratory thermometers are used to measure temperature but have some key differences. Clinical thermometers measure human body temperature between 35-42°C, have a kink, and take measurements outside the body. Laboratory thermometers measure other substances between -10-110°C, do not have a kink, and take measurements inside the substance. Precautions for both include cleaning and ensuring the mercury is below the minimum temperature before use. Clinical thermometers should also be handled carefully to avoid breaking.

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169 views

Class 7 Chapter Notes

Clinical and laboratory thermometers are used to measure temperature but have some key differences. Clinical thermometers measure human body temperature between 35-42°C, have a kink, and take measurements outside the body. Laboratory thermometers measure other substances between -10-110°C, do not have a kink, and take measurements inside the substance. Precautions for both include cleaning and ensuring the mercury is below the minimum temperature before use. Clinical thermometers should also be handled carefully to avoid breaking.

Uploaded by

Hadi Zakariya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Temperature​ :

The hotness of an object is called temperature.

*​Thermometer​* :

The device used to measure temperature.

Q. State the similarities and difference between clinical and laboratory thermometer?

Ans: ​Similarities​ :

*Both thermometer consist of long narrow glass tube.


* Both have bulb at the end
* Both contain mercury inside the tube
* Both contains celsius scale on the glass tube.

Difference
​Clinical thermometer

1.It is used to measure human body temperature.


2.It ranges from 35C to 42C .
3.It has kink near the bulb.
4.Measurement is taken outside the body.

​Laboratory thermometer

1.It is used to measure the temperature of other substance.


2.It ranges from -10C to 110C
3.It does not have a kink
4.Measurement is taken inside the substance.

Precaution to be observed while reading a clinical thermometer

1.Thermometer should be washed before and after use.Preferably with an antiseptic solution.
2.Ensure that before use the mercury level is below 35C .
3.Read the thermometer keeping the level of mercury along the line of sight.
4.Handle the thermometer with care, if it hits against some hard object ,it can break .
5.Don’t hold the thrmometer by the bulb while reading it.

Precaution needed while reading a laboratory thermometer.

1.Should be kept upright not tilted


2.Bulb should be surrounded from all side by the substance of which the temperature is to be
measured .The bulb should not touch the surface of the container .

Transfer of heat

Conduction

The process by which heat is transferred in solid medium is called conduction.

Convection

The process of transfer of heat in liquid and gases medium is called convection

Radiation

No medium is required for transfer of heat is called radiation.

Conductors and Insulators

The materials which allow heat to pass through them easily are ​conductors​ of heat.

The materials which does not allow heat to pass through them easily are called ​insulators​.

Sea breeze and Land breeze

During the day time the land gets heated faster than the water,the air over the land becomes
hotter and rises up.The cooler air from the sea rush towards the land.The air from the sea is
called ​sea breeze​.

At night, the cool air from the land moves towards the sea is called ​land breeze​.

( ​diagram refer page no : 43 fig 4.1 )

Q .In summer season we prefer light coloured cloth and in winter we prefer dark coloured
cloth.Why?

Ans: Light coloured cloth reflect most of the heat that fall on them,whereas dark coloured cloth
absorb more heat.

Q . What is the use of kink?

Ans: It prevent the mercury level from falling on its own.


Q .In places of hot climate it is advisable that the outer walls of house be painted white
.Explain?

Ans: Because light colour such as white reflect back most of the heat that falls on it.

Q. Give two examples each of conductors and insulators of heat .

Ans : Conductors – metals( aluminium, iron)


Insulators - plastic , wood

Q. Discuss why wearing more layers of clothing during winter keep us warmer than wearing just
one thick piece of clothing?

Ans: More layers of clothing keep us warm in winters as they have a lot of space between them
.This space gets filled up with air .Air is a bad conductor ,it does not allow the body heat to
escape out.

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