Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 8 views

    Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Sarvesh Sogani
    This document summarizes the structure and function of the kidneys and nephrons. It discusses the definition and importance of excretion, the roles of the kidneys, lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract in excretion. It describes the renal system, nephron structure including glomerulus and tubular portions, and compares cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons. The key functions of the kidneys in filtration, regulation of water, electrolytes, acid-base balance, and hormone production are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Sarvesh Sogani
    8 views30 pages
    This document summarizes the structure and function of the kidneys and nephrons. It discusses the definition and importance of excretion, the roles of the kidneys, lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract in excretion. It describes the renal system, nephron structure including glomerulus and tubular portions, and compares cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons. The key functions of the kidneys in filtration, regulation of water, electrolytes, acid-base balance, and hormone production are also summarized.

    Original Title

    1._introduction

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document summarizes the structure and function of the kidneys and nephrons. It discusses the definition and importance of excretion, the roles of the kidneys, lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract in excretion. It describes the renal system, nephron structure including glomerulus and tubular portions, and compares cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons. The key functions of the kidneys in filtration, regulation of water, electrolytes, acid-base balance, and hormone production are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views30 pages

    Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Sarvesh Sogani
    This document summarizes the structure and function of the kidneys and nephrons. It discusses the definition and importance of excretion, the roles of the kidneys, lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract in excretion. It describes the renal system, nephron structure including glomerulus and tubular portions, and compares cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons. The key functions of the kidneys in filtration, regulation of water, electrolytes, acid-base balance, and hormone production are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 30

    Dr.

    Pratik N Akhani
    MBBS, MD-Physiology
     Definition:The process by which the
    unwanted substances & metabolic wastes are
    eliminated from the body.

     IMPORTANCE: To keep the body in healthy


    condition, to maintain homeostasis.
     Kidneys: water and water soluble
    waste products in form of urine
     Lungs: CO2,water vapours and
    other volatile substances like
    acetone
     Skin: water and salts mainly in the
    form of sweat
     Gastrointestinal tract: excretes
    faeces
    THE RENAL SYSTEM

    PRODUCES
    URINE 2

    TRANSPORTS
    URINE
    3

    STORES URINE
    4

    URETHRA
    URINE VOIDED FROM HERE
    KIDNEYS lie on posterior
    wall of abdomen, on either
    side of the vertebral
    column.
    Outer membrane
    Renal
    artery
    Renal Nephrons
    Vein (2 million)
    Pelvis
    Cortex

    Ureter Medullary
    pyramids

    Urine
    1. Filters & removes metabolic waste products &
    toxins from blood & excretes them via urine.
    2. Regulates the body’s (WEPO)
    Fluid status/water balance
    Electrolyte balance
    Acid –base balance/pH balance
    Plasma osmolality
    3. Produces or activates hormones that are involved
    in (RED)
    Erythropoiesis : Erythropoietin
    Ca2+ metabolism : 1,25-DHCC
    Regulation of BP : Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone
    System
     Nephron is defined as Structural &
    functional unit of kidney .

     Eachkidney consist approx. 1.2 millions of


    nephrons.
    Each nephron is consist of 2 parts

    1) Malpighian (renal) corpuscle: Consists of


    Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

    2) Tubular Portion: Proximal convoluted tubule


    Loop of Henley
    Distal convoluted tubule
    Collecting duct
     SHAPE -- Spheroidal

     FUNCTION---- Filtration of blood, forms first


    phase of urine formation.

     LOCATED ---- CORTEX & NEAR MEDULLA.


    So Nephrons CLASSIFIED as
    Cortical Nephrons &
    Juxtamedullary nephrons (NEAR MEDULLA)
    1) GLOMERULUS (tuft of glomerulus capillaries)
    2) BOWMAN’S CAPSULE (encloses glomerulus)

    1) Consists of network of glomerular capillaries, connected to


    afferent arteriole on one end & efferent arteriole on other
    end.(purely arterial).
     Bowman’s capsule is capsular structure which encloses
    glomerulus. formed by two layers :

    1) The inner visceral layer covers glomerulus


    capillaries.

    2) the outer parietal layer

    3) capsular space-continues as lumen of PCT


    Continuation of bowman’s capsule. Made up of :

    1) PROXIMAL CONVULUTED TUBULE (14mm)

    2) LOOP OF HENLE (CONSIST OF)


     THICK DECENDING LIMB (6mm)
     THIN DECENDING LIMB (10 to 15 mm)
     HAIRPIN BEND
     THIN ASCENDING LIMB
     THICK ASCENDING LIMB (9mm)
    3) DISTAL CONVULATED TUBULE (14.5 to 15mm)

    4) COLLECTING DUCTS (20 to 22 mm)


    SEGMENT EPITHELIUM
    BOWMAN’S CAPSULE FLATTENED EPITHELIUM

    PROXIMAL CONVULUTED TUBULE CUBOIDAL CELLS WITH BRUSH BORDER

    THICK DECENDING LIMB CUBOIDAL CELLS WITH BRUSH BORDER

    LOOP OF HENLE FLATTENED EPITHELIUM

    THICK ASCENDING LIMB CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM CELLS WITHOUT


    BRUSH BORDER
    DISTAL CONVULATED TUBULE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM CELLS WITHOUT
    BRUSH BORDER
    COLLECTING DUCTS CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM CELLS WITHOUT
    BRUSH BORDER
     Corticalnephrons: originate in outer 2/3 of
    renal cortex

     Juxtamedullary nephrons: originate in inner 1/3


    cortex

     Have long LHs


     Important in producing concentrated
    urine
    Features CORTICAL NEPHRON JUXTA- MEDULLARY
    Comprise 85-86 % 14-15%
    Glomeruli size Small Larger
    Rate of filtration Slow faster
    Loop of henle Short up to outer Longer
    Penetrates medulla Up to tip of papilla
    Blood supply Peritubular Vasa recta &
    capillaries plexus peritubular
    capilleries
    Limb of loop of Descending thin & Both thin segments
    henle ascending thick
    Main Function Urine formation & Via countercurrent
    Excretion of waste system concentrates
    products in urine urine.
    1. Multiple functions of kidney in homeostasis/
    Role of kidney in maintaining homeostasis.

    2. Non-excretory functions of kidney.

    3. Endocrine functions of kidney.

    4. Structure & function of NEPHRON.

    5. Compare & Contrast: Cortical Vs JM Nephrons

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy