MIL Q2W1 Final
MIL Q2W1 Final
MIL Q2W1 Final
Media and
Information Literacy
Quarter 2 – Module 1: Power, Impact, and
Implications of Media and Information
Lesson Opportunities,
Challenges, and Power of
9 Media and Information
The world is changing at a startling pace. Developments in information,
communication, and technology in the past decades have enabled society to transform the
mechanisms of how information circulates and how people interact, access information,
create new knowledge, learn, and work. This information revolution has opened new waves
of opportunities and challenges not only for media and information but also in social
systems, commercial and economic approaches, and citizens’ engagement.
Over the years, media has evolved to be more than just a vehicle of information, but
an influential instrument powerful enough to transform established systems. However,
despite the fact the access to information and knowledge has increased during the last
decade, significant challenges and obstacles still remain. In this lesson, we will look into the
opportunities, challenges, and power of media and information.
What’s In
Review
In the previous lesson, you have learned about the policies and ethics of information
production, consumption, and sharing. Media and information literacy also calls for
individuals to be mindful of the ethical and legal implications of how they use and share
information. Copyright, intellectual property, netiquette, these are only a few concerns that
dominate the Information Age, concerns that media and literate individuals must understand
and inculcate the importance. Now, it’s time to move on to the next topic!
What’s New
Activity 9.1
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What is It
Discussion
There are both endless opportunities and challenges in the Information Age. As a
digital native, you ought and be able to make the best use out of the media’s opportunities
and hurdle over its challenges. Read and reflect on how these opportunities and challenges
exist and affect some of the different aspects of society.
Aside from the Web, one of our most accessed source of information is social media.
Study the table below for the challenges and opportunities that you, as a netizen, face in the
midst of your engagement with social media (Liquigan, 2016).
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In terms of: Challenges/Opportunities
Content • Main objective of content • From a corporate viewpoint,
communities communities is the sharing of content communities carry the risk
media content between users of being used as platforms for the
• Exist for a wide range of sharing of copyright-protected
different media types including materials
text, photos, videos, and • While major content communities
PowerPoint presentations have rules in place to ban and
remove such illegal content, it is
difficult to avoid popular videos
being uploaded only hours after
they have been aired on
television.
• On the positive side, the high
popularity of content communities
makes them a very attractive
contact channel for many firms.
• Other firms rely on content
communities to share recruiting
videos, as well as keynote
speeches and press
announcements, with their
employees and investors.
Social • Applications that enable users • High popularity, specifically among
networking to connect by creating younger Internet users
sites personal information profiles,
inviting friends and colleagues
to have access to those
profiles, and sending e-mails
and instant messages
between each other
• Can include any type of
information, including photos,
video, audio files, and blogs
Source: Media and Information Literacy (Liquigan, 2016)
On the other hand, still because of all the information and data right at the audience’s
disposal, Cybercrime has also been one of the greatest challenges in media and
information. According to the Department of Justice, Cybercrime is “a crime committed with
or through the use of information and communication technologies such as radio, television,
cellular phone, computer and network, and other communication device or application.”
1. offenses against the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer data and
systems;
2. computer-related offenses;
3. content-related offenses; and
4. offenses related to infringements of copyright and related rights
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2. Economic (Business and Marketing)
To put up a business means having to disburse money. It’s an expensive endeavor.
Starting a business is one thing, but sustaining and marketing your business is another. In
the old days, traditional marketing mediums such as print and broadcast were very costly,
and actually even until now. Due to the impact of social media as a new medium, the
relationship between brands and consumers has changed a lot. Now, through social media
marketing, business owners can connect with their target consumers for free through using
social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, etc., and can significantly lower their
marketing costs.
The New Media also allows them to see what potential customer’s opinions are and
network with them as well. It creates a platform for discourse and lets the business owners
respond to customer grievances, questions, and concerns almost instantly. Businesses will
always be connecting with customers, both actual and potential ones, and social media
enable for a more fast and cost-efficient mechanism.
However, its opportunities are also its disadvantages. First, because the connection
to customers is put on a priority, you may have to spend more time being active in social
media answering queries, responding to feedback, and updating your online presence with
creative marketing content. This may be a challenge for some as this is time-consuming and
may compromise the time you get to use for actual work or production instead. Moreover,
the ability for new media to cater to online feedback may also pose a challenge as they can
also spread bad things from your product or brand. Competitors may also be lurking around
studying your business.
3. Educational
Media and information have made a radical impact on education (Gonzales, 2016).
Today, learning has never been easier and faster. When we talk about education, we
usually refer to its most technical sense, “the knowledge, skill, and understanding that you
get from attending a school, college, or university (Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary).” In the
past decades, society has been limited to the idea that people can only learn and get an
education through sitting and listening to lectures in a classroom, passing exams, or doing
projects. Today, learning and education have taken a whole new meaning with media and
information.
At present, the advancement in media tools and information dissemination has made
learning and education resources more open and free for public use. What we had to
research in the library before can already be sought through your laptop or phone today.
Thanks to the Internet, a learner may also get information from a wide variety of sources like
e-books, articles, videos, and the like.
Furthermore, it has also opened the opportunity for various modes of learning to
exist, both informal and non-formal arrangements. One of the growing trends in education is
distance or online learning where students need not attend classes physically, instead,
register to online courses or programs and attend in such even in the comfort of their
homes. This is especially beneficial to people who are constrained by their schedules or due
to some personal reasons. The convenience, abundance, and interconnection, aspect of
media and information for education are opportunities worth taking advantage of (Gonzales,
2016).
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However, the opportunities that media and information brought has also opened
several challenges. For instance, the problem with overflowing information available for
public use is people having to assess and evaluate the usefulness and credibility of the
information on their hands. It is unfortunate, though, that people in some communities,
especially rural ones, don’t even have the chance to evaluate information because they
have no access to such technology and data in the first place. As the world and education
rapidly progress, people who have been left behind are even stuck at a farther distance
making it more difficult for them to catch up.
Through media and more information provided to the public, a bigger platform for
political discussions has also been opened. This validates that “the media assist the
working of a democratic system through facilitating free speech and unrestricted
public debate (Coxall et al., 2003).”
On the other way around, politics can also have an effect on media as, at times,
although not explicitly, powerful political figures and even the government can manipulate or
influence media’s content. This kind of media regulation can be best seen in communist
systems like North Korea’s, where the government enforces rules and regulations governing
the media industry and prescribing the kind of information they are allowed to broadcast.
This is one of the challenges of media as an element in politics, the truth or information the
media disseminates may be manipulated by external factors. An example of this is what we
call propaganda, a communication that is primarily used to influence an audience and
further an agenda; thus, information may be made incomplete, twisted, or presented
selectively.
The interrelationship between media and politics provides a fair foundation in the
function of media as a source of information (Gonzales, 2016). However, today, the
widening gap between the media, the government, and the public’s trust is becoming a
pressing challenge.
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As defined by Encyclopedia Britannica, citizen journalism is “journalism that is
conducted by people who are not professional journalists but who disseminate information
using Web sites, blogs, and social media.” Citizen journalism is one of the biggest
opportunities in media and information as it encourages ordinary citizens to take part in the
news production process. It gives the then-receivers an opportunity to become news
producers as well. Moreover, it also urges them to be more wary and mindful of the things
happening around them and gives them the confidence to speak out when they see
something wrong.
According to TCC Group, their work revealed that media influences an audience (i.e.,
affects change) through a flow, illustrated in the diagram below.
Source: Gasper, 2016. How Media Affects Social Change. Retrieved from https://www.tccgrp.com/insights-resources/insights-
perspectives/how-media-affects-social-change/)
Several events in history proved this to be true, that media, as a vehicle of these
targeted contents brought about action and mobilization. In fact, history has concretely
shown society how media can be a powerful tool for social change and mass revolution.
The speed at which information is spread through social media is the main reason
why platforms such as Facebook or Twitter have had increasingly large roles in civil society,
even fueling the revolution. Check out the powerful ways social media has been used to
create change around the world.
1. Libyan Revolution – When official media outlets like television and print media were
controlled by the state, social media became the reliable source of information for the
revolutionaries and even a platform used to distribute information and firsthand accounts
of what was going on within the country. As a result, media tools like tablets and phones
played crucial roles in the revolution.
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2. Arab Spring – In 2011, an online frenzy of activity commenced a revolution in Egypt
which saw more than 3 million tweets on Twitter, hundreds of hours of Youtube video,
and countless posts on Facebook and blogs which told stories of the revolution from
citizens who needed to get their voices heard.
Apart from mass protests, calls for social change may also be in the form of what we
call social marketing. Social marketing refers to using business and marketing techniques
to encourage people to adopt certain behaviors that would lead to better physical and
mental health, and eventually to wide-scale social change.
On the other hand, although media has the ability to bring people together,
conversely, it also has the potential to bring people apart, attitude, and ideology-wise. As
earlier mentioned, social media and the World Wide Web offers the audience a wider
avenue for intellectual discussion and productive conversations. However, due to the influx
of various differing ideas, the broadening problem of polarization has been one of the
undeniable challenges in media and information. Because of the differences in views and
opinions of the audience, a culture of social division is becoming evident and is taking a toll
on unity and even social trust.
Instructions: Analyze the cartoon below and answer the guide questions that follow.
Guide questions:
1. What is the message in this cartoon?
2. Is the situation about media depicted in the cartoon true in the
Philippines? Why or why not?
3. Does the cartoon show a challenge or an opportunity? Why do you
say so?
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Assessment
Posttest
Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer.
3. Businesses will always be connecting with customers, both actual and potential ones,
and social media enable for a more fast and __________ mechanism.
a. Cost-efficient c. Amazing
b. Hassle d. Challenging
4. This refers to the kind of education where students need not attend classes physically.
a. Modular c. Distance learning
b. Mobile Education d. Summer class
5. The media assists the working of a __________ system through facilitating free speech
and unrestricted public debate .
a. Unfair c. Dictatorial
b. Balanced d. Democratic
7. Media, as a vehicle of these targeted contents, brought about action and mobilization
a. True c. Maybe
b. False d. Doubtful
9. Who was the Philippines President when the Million People March was actualized?
a. Erap Estrada c. Benigno Aquino III
b. Gloria Arroyo d. Rodrigo Duterte
10. Refers to using business and marketing techniques to encourage people to adopt
certain behaviors that would lead to better physical and mental health, and eventually to
wide-scale social change.
a. Social Marketing c. Promotions
b. Business Marketing d. Protests
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Lesson Current and Future
Trends of Media and
10 Information
Technological advancements, digitization, and the Internet are swiftly changing the
nature of information production, consumption, and sharing. With this, even the economic,
societal, political, and educational landscapes of society have been aligning its mechanisms
and policies to the realities in the Information Age. In a fast-paced era of information and
technology, society is left with only two choices: adapt to change or get left behind. As such,
MIL encourages us to learn the current trends in Media and Information as well as anticipate
what may come in the future so that we may understand, as consumers, in what ways we
can adapt to and maximize the innovations of these changing times.
In this lesson, you will identify the latest advancements in media and information
technology and realize how they shape people’s media experience and influence
information needs.
What’s In
Review
In Lesson 10, you have learned that media and information open both opportunities
and challenges for you as an individual and to the society in general. Media as well carry
with them meaning – even powerful ones – that can influence media and information
consumers’ attitudes, behavior, and views. As a digital native and a media and information
literate individual, you are expected to manage its challenges and make the best use of its
opportunities. In this lesson, we will focus on these developments, specifically the current
trends of media and information and how it plays a role in the Digital Era.
What’s New
Activity 10.1
1 2 3 4
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What is It
Discussion
Media and information, much like almost anything in the world, is a dynamic and
developing entity. It is ever-changing in nature – a product of continuous improvement. The
photos above are just a few examples of the many technologies and innovations that have
emerged throughout the recent years. Here, you will explore more of these developments
and visualize what the future may bring in terms of the trends in media and information.
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4. Courses - It should have learning objectives to be achieved by students after
certain activities within a given period of time.
MOOCs are made and hosted by universities and companies through open
enrollment or open registration. However, most of these institutions do not host MOOCs
under their organization per se but rely on course providers such as Coursera, edX, Udacity,
and many others. They range in length from 1 to 16 weeks (Bowden, 2019). While others
run on a schedule, MOOCs remain flexible, letting you progress through them at your own
pace, which means you are able to study and go through the lessons and activities
according to your time, schedule, and pacing. Like in a traditional classroom, students will
also be graded through quizzes, assignments, or activity. However, these may come as
peer review, which is graded by other students according to a rubric or automatically-
marked tests which are graded directly upon submission.
In sum, MOOCs are a game-changer for higher education. The large scale
availability, the low cost to students, the questions raised around credentialing, and the
analytics that MOOCs provide all create momentum for new pathways to education. Check
out an example of a MOOC on the next page.
2. Wearable Technology
Also known as wearables or fashion technology, wearable technology is a general
term that encompasses a field of smart devices that are worn on the body. This technology
is also considered as a trend in media and information as with it, people and access
information through media in a much faster manner.
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• Local storage capabilities
1. Smartwatch
3. Smartglasses
No longer do your specs just help you see things
more clearly: smart glasses can link up with your phone,
control the volume of your music, and even take
photographs (Stevens, 2018). Google Glass was the first to
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launch this technology in 2013. Basically, it brings wireless connectivity and imaging into the
frames and lenses of our eyewear, controls that we can only usually do on our smartphones
and computers. So instead of a keyboard or mouse, you can control smart glasses by
tapping or swiping control built into the frame or even verbalizing your commands as you do
with Alexa and Siri.
4. Hearables
Most have had or known earphones and
headphones throughout their lives. Today, these devices,
like the ones we previously discussed, have now also
utilized wireless connectivity as well. These Hearables work
just like the traditional earphones and headphones but are
already wireless and are worn in the ear. The most popular
example is Apple’s AirPods, those true wireless earphones
that offer quick access to the Siri voice assistant. However,
these hearables aren’t only for music or entertainment, but
some are actually used as smart hearing aids.
Image source: https://www.lizardtienda.com/producto/auriculares-bluetooth/
5. VR Headsets
Today, many industries and fields are using and developing more innovations of
these wearable techs, especially in the health care industry, where they’re looking into
devices that could be used to monitor things like blood pressure, vital signs, or blood sugar
levels for diabetics. From the basic fitness trackers and highly advanced sports and
smartwatches to virtual and augmented reality headsets, wearables are definitely
establishing their names. As such, wearable technology will most likely continue to have an
impact on modern society, especially given its efficient use and aesthetic quality.
3. 3D Environment
3D or three-dimensional, in its literal sense, refers to anything that has a width,
height, and depth (Gonzales, 2016). The physical world, the realm we live in, including us
humans, are examples of 3D environments. This technological concept of a 3D environment
is explored to imitate and simulate the physical world through media. The most common
examples of this are computer animations in video games and TV shows. Films have also
been among the most common media modalities that employ 3D. 3D films make objects in
their material appear solid to the audience through the illusion of perception (Gonzales,
2016). If you have been to one of these 3D films, you are made to wear special 3D glasses,
which directs each of your eyes to see a slightly different picture. According to American
Paper Optics, a manufacturer of 3D eyewear, “this is done in the real world by your eyes
being spaced apart, so each eye has its own slightly different view. The brain then puts the
two pictures together to form one 3D image that has depth to it.
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Another 3D technology, which has existed for quite a while now, is 3D printing. This
innovation brings digital data and design to the physical world – literally. Simply put, it brings
your design to life! According to The University of Tennessee Knoxville, 3D printing “creates
objects by bonding the print material one layer at a time. They work by making use of 3D
design files, such as those created in AutoCAD or similar applications. These files are
processed by specialized software that slices the data into cross-sections. The printer uses
this data to build the desired object from the bottom up one layer at a time.” Unlike laser
printers that utilize inks, 3D printers’ “prints” in layers of material like plastic, metal, and
concrete.
Overall, the 3D environment has already been widely used because it gives the
audience or the users a more engaging and enjoyable media experience because the
images and videos are in three-dimensional rendering – meaning it’s as if we’re looking at
something real!
4. Ubiquitous Learning
Ubiquitous learning or u-learning is a kind of e-learning experience that “implies a
vision of learning which is connected across all the stages on which we play out our lives.
Learning occurs not just in classrooms, but in the home, the workplace, the playground, the
library, museum, and nature center, and in our daily interactions with others (Bruce, 2009).”
Compared to mobile learning and e-learning, it is a more context-based approach and more
adaptive to the needs and pacing of the learner.
U-learning is a kind of wireless modality where learning takes place at any time,
anywhere, and with anyone. It benefits from the use of technologies to implement learning
activities and achieve learning objectives. These technologies incorporate learning materials
such as videos, audios, PowerPoint presentations, or notes with embedded source data in
them (Liquigan, 2016). It is a very personalized and dynamic mechanism that uses devices
integrated into the students’ environment. Furthermore, u-learning maximizes the use of any
form of media like mobile phones and computers for efficient use.
However, in the Philippine setting, especially in the public education system, most u-
learning tools fail to endure because of the lack of resources and, thus, not effectively
sustaining the actual needs of the students. It is, nevertheless, still a promising endeavor
that both private and public education institutions hope to embark on.
5. Paperless Society
A call for faster transactions and greener mechanisms brought paperless
transactions as a viable and useful practice in society. A paperless society is a society
where communication and transactions are done electronically or digitally, and all forms of
printed communication have become obsolete. It is characterized by the shift from letters to
e-mails, newspapers to news web pages, books to e-books, and so on (Gonzales, 2016).
Paperless transactions also include cashless dealing, which is often done through credit or
debit cards or through virtual wallets like PayMaya and GCash.
Going paperless offers several benefits, like acquiring savings on costs on materials,
printing, labor, and storage. In addition, paperless transactions minimize the risk of losing or
misplacing a digital document and allow employees to access and edit a digital document,
whether remotely or in the office, then electronically manage or send it. These documents
can also be accessed simultaneously, eliminating the need for multiple copies and thus
saving time and adding to work efficiency.
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Assessment
Posttest
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Identify the correct answer to the following questions. Write the letter
of your choice in the space before the number.
a. Media c. Market
b. Massive d. None of the Above
______3. This refers to a society characterized by the shift from letters to e-mails,
newspapers to news web pages, books to e-books, and so on.
______ 5. Refers to a type of learning that happens anytime, anywhere, and with anyone.
_______________ 1. The unabbreviated term for a model delivering learning content to any
online person who wants to take a course, with no limit on attendance.
_______________ 2. Refers to the eyewear used to watch 3D films.
_______________ 3. A transaction that is done electronically or digitally without the use of
physical documents.
_______________ 4. A kind of technology that brings digital data and design to the physical
world.
_______________ 5. Refers to the obsoleteness of printed communications in society.
_______________ 6. Refers to the material used in 3D printing aside from plastic and
metal.
_______________ 7. Broadly defined as any gadget that is worn instead of being carried.
_______________ 8. An example of a wearable technology that tracks your wellness and
physical activity.
_______________ 9. The sense tricked in 3D films.
_______________ 10. Refers to the device that shows you a computer-generated virtual
reality.
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