Chapter 3.2 Measurements of Solids
Chapter 3.2 Measurements of Solids
2 Measurements of Solids
3.2.1 Prism
Parts of a Prism
Classification
A right prism is a prism where all the lateral faces are perpendicular to the bases.
An Oblique Prism is a prism that leans to one side and the height is outside the prism.
A total surface area (TSA) is the sum of the areas of the bases and the areas of each rectangular
lateral face.
A lateral surface area (LSA) is the sum of the areas of the rectangular lateral faces.
⏟ ⏟
( ) ( )
( )
3.2.1.2 Volume of Any Regular Prism
⏟ ⏟
( ) ( )
“B” is not always going to be the same. So, to find the volume of a prism, you would first find
the area of the base and then multiply it by the height. Recall, the area of the regular polygon is
any of the following:
(a) (b)
( )
Example 1: Find the total surface area and the volume of the prism below.
i) ii)
i) ( ) ii) ( )
i) ii)
iii) iv)
iii) ( ) iv) ( )
iii) iv)
Example 2: Find the total surface area and the volume of the prism below.
Solution: This is a right triangular prism. To find the surface area, we need to find the length of
the hypotenuse of the base because it is the width of one of the lateral faces.
i)
ii) iii)
ii) iii) ( )
ii) iii)
iv) v)
iv) ( ) v) ( )
iv) v)
Example 3: Algebra Connection. The total surface area of the triangular prism is .
What is ?
( ) ( )
3.2.2 Cylinders
A cylinder is a solid with congruent circular bases that are in parallel planes.
The space between the circles is enclosed.
A cylinder can also be oblique, like the one on the far right.
3.2.2.1 Total Surface Area of a Cylinder
⏟ ⏟
( ) ( )
⏟ ⏟
( ) ( )
⏟ ⏟
( ) ( )
Example 4: Find the total surface area and the volume of the cylinder.
Solution:
i) ii)
i) ( ) ii) ( )( )
i) ii)
iii) iv)
iii) ( ) iv) ( )( )
iii) iv)
Example 5: The circumference of the base of a cylinder is and the height is 21. Find the total
surface area and volume of the cylinder.
Solution:
solve for the radius:
solve for the radius:
A pyramid is a solid with one base and the lateral faces meet at a common vertex.
Parts of a Pyramid
√ √
⏟ (⏟)
( ) ( ) ( )
where
Example 6: Find the total surface area and volume of the pyramid.
Solution: √
i) ii)
( )
( )
i) ii) ( )( √ )
( )
i) ii) √
iii) iv)
iii) ( √ ) iv) ( )( )
iii) √ iv)
3.2.4 Cone
A cone is a solid with a circular base and sides taper up towards a vertex.
Parts of a Pyramid
⏟ (⏟)
( ) ( )
where
where
Example 7: What is the total surface area and volume of the cone?
Solution:
Solve for l:
Solve for l:
Solve for l: √
i) ii)
i) ( ) ii) ( )(√ )
I ) ii) √
iii) iv)
iii) √ iv) ( )( )
iii) iv)
3.2.5 Sphere
Parts of a Sphere
The radius has an endpoint on the sphere and the other endpoint is the center.
where
where
Example 8: Find the total surface area and volume of a sphere with a radius of 14 feet.
Solution:
i) ii)
i) ( ) ii) ( )
i) ii)
Solution:
Solution: ( )
Solution: ( ) [ ( ) ]
Solution:
Solution:
Solution: ( )
Solution:
Solution:
Example 11: Find the total surface area and volume of the following solid.
i) ii) iii) ( )
i) ( ) ii) ( )( ) Iii) [ ( ) ]
i) ii) iii)
iv) v)
iv) v) [ ( )] * ( )+
iv) v)
iv) v)
Two solids are said to be similar if they have the same number of faces that are similarly
placed, and whose corresponding linear dimension (such as length, height, radius, etc.) are
proportional.
1. Two solids are similar if they are the same type of solid and their corresponding radii,
heights, base lengths, widths, etc. are proportional.
2. If two shapes are similar, then the ratio of the area is a square of the scale factor.
( ) ( )
3. If two solids are similar, then the ratio of the volumes is equal to the cube of the ratio of any
two corresponding dimensions.
( ) ( )
Example : Are the two rectangular prisms similar? How do you know?
Solution:
Property 1.
Property 2.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Now, find the ratio of the areas. . The sides are in a ratio of , so the surface
areas are in a ratio of .
Property 3.