Aim: To determine acidic radical and basic radical in the give compound

Apparatus: 1. Testube
2. Beaker
3. China dish
4. Funnel
5. Tripod stand
6. Burner
7. Wire gauze

S.No. Test Observation Inference

1 PRELIMINARY TEST

Absence of Cu, Ni, Fe,Mn ,Co

a) Colour of Salt White
salts

b) Smell of the salt No smell -

WET TEST FOR ACIDIC RADICALS

Salt + dil HCl No evolution of gas Gr 1 absent
Salt + Conc H2SO4 Evolution of colourless gas Gr 2 present

GROUP 2 ANALYSIS
Salt + Conc H2SO4 Evolution of colourless gas with pungent smell Cl- present

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACIDIC

RADICALS

Silver Nitrate Test: To aqueous solution

add dil.HNO3 til acidic. Then add AgNO3 Curdy white ppt soluble in NH4OH Cl- confirmed
solution
Slat+ MnO2 power+ conc H2SO4 Evolution of greenish gas Cl- confirmed
Prepration of Original Solution: 2g of salt +
8 ml of water. dissolve and make aclear Original Solution prepared.
solution
GROUP DETECTION TEST FOR BASIC
RADICALS
Original Solution+ Dil. HCl No change Group 1 absent

Original solution + Dil HCl + H2S gas No change Group 2 absent

Original solution+ NH4Cl(s) +f NH4OH White gelatinous ppt Group 3 present

GROUP 3 ANALYSIS
Original solution+ NH4Cl(s) +f NH4OH Colour of precipitate is white Al3+ is present

CONFIRMATORY TEST
LAKE TEST

Dissolve ppt in Dil HCl + Blue litmus

Blue colour floating in colourless liquid Al+3 confirmed
solution+ NH4OH Dropwise

Dissolve ppt in Dil HCl, pour it on filter

paper+ add cobalt nitrate solution of Blue ash produced Al+3 confirmed
filterpapaer+ burn paper

Result: The given compound has Cl- as Acidic radical and Al+3 as Basic radical.AlCl3
Aim: To determine acidic radical and basic radical in the give compound

Apparatus: 1. Testube
2. Beaker
3. China dish
4. Funnel
5. Tripod stand
6. Burner
7. Wire gauze

S.No. Test Observation Inference

1 PRELIMINARY TEST

Absence of Cu, Ni, Fe,Mn ,Co

a) Colour of Salt White
salts

b) Smell of the salt Ammonical Smell NH4+ maybe present

SODIUM HYDROXIDE TEST

Heat a little salt with strong NaOH. A colourless gas with ammonical smell evolves NH4 + May be present

WET TEST FOR ACIDIC RADICALS

Salt + dil HCl effervesence group 1 present

GROUP 1 ANALYSIS
Salt + dil HCl Brisk effervesence of CO2 Carbonate is present

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACIDIC

RADICALS
Salt + dil HCl, pass the evolved gas
Lime water turns milky Carbonate CO3 is confirmed
through lime water
 Prepration of Original Solution: 2g of salt +
8 ml of water. dissolve and make aclear Original Solution prepared.
solution
WET TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS
1 OS + dil HCl NO ppt Group 1 absent

2 OS + dil HCl + H2s water NO ppt Group 2 absent

3 OS + NH4Cl + NH4OH NO ppt Group 3 absent

4 OS + NH4Cl + NH4OH + H2S water NO ppt Group 4 absent

5 O.S.+ (NH4)2CO3 + NH4Cl + NH4OH NO ppt Group 5 absent

6 O.S.+ NaH2PO4 solution NO ppt Group 6 absent

7 OS + Nesselers reagent Precipitate formation Group 0 present

GROUP 0 ANALYSIS
OS + Nesselers reagent Colour of precipitate is brown NH4+ is present

CONFIRMATORY
NaOH Test: To salt,TEST FOR
add dil. NH4+and
NaOH
1 Heat, hold a glass rod dipped in HCl near dense white fumes NH4+ is confirmed.
the mouth of test tube

Result: The given compound has CO3- 2 as Acidic radical and NH4+ as Basic radical.
( NH4)2CO3
Aim: To determine acidic radical and basic radical in the give compound

Apparatus: 1. Testube
2. Beaker
3. China dish
4. Funnel
5. Tripod stand
6. Burner
7. Wire gauze

S.No. Test Observation Inference

1 PRELIMINARY TEST

Absence of Cu, Ni, Fe,Mn ,Co

a) Colour of Salt White
salts

b) Smell of the salt Smell of vinegar CH3COO- may be

CHARCOAL CAVITY TEST

Take little amount of salt , add 1-2 drops
White bead which marks on paper and reddish brown
of water and place it in a charcoal cavity. Pb+2 may be present.
when hot
Heat

FLAME TEST
Take a little of salt dipped in Dil. HCl on a
Platinum wire ring an dheat it over the Dull bluish white substance Pb+2 may be present.
flame.

WET TEST FOR ACIDIC RADICALS

Salt + dil HCl no observations Grp 1 absent

Salt + conc. H2SO4 Smell of vinegar CH3COO-1 may be present

 CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACIDIC
RADICALS
OXALIC ACID TEST
Small amount of salt + Oxalic acidin watch
i) Smell of vinegar CH3COO-1 confirmed
glass

iii) Salt + neutral FeCl3 Red colour CH3COO-1 confirmed

Prepration of Original Solution: 2g of salt +

8 ml of water. dissolve and make aclear Original Solution prepared.
solution

WET TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS

OS +dil HCl White precipitate Group 1 present

GROUP 1 ANALYSIS
OS +dil HCl colour of precipitate is white pb 2+ present
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC
RADICLAS

White PPt + dissolve it in hot water and

Yellow ppt formed Pb+2 confirmed.
add KI

White PPt + dissolve it in hot water and

Yellow ppt formed Pb+2 confirmed.
add potassium chromate

Result: The given compound has CH3COO-1 as Acidic radical and Pb+2 as Basic radical.
( Pb(Ch3COO)2
Aim: To determine acidic radical and basic radical in the give compound

Apparatus: 1. Testube
2. Beaker
3. China dish
4. Funnel
5. Tripod stand
6. Burner
7. Wire gauze

S.No. Test Observation Inference

1 PRELIMINARY TEST

Ba+2, Mg+2, Al+3, NH4+ may

a) Colour of Salt White
be

b) Smell of the salt Odourless NH4+ ,S-2,CH3COO- absent

2 DRY HEATING TEST

Heat a little amount of salt in a dry test
Yellow when hot and white when cold Zn+2 may be
tube.

3 CHARCOAL CAVITY
Take little amount TEST
of salt , add 1-2 drops
of water and place it in a charcoal cavity. Yello incrustation when hot and white when cold. Zn+2 may be
Heat

4 COBALT NITRATE TEST

Residue in charcoal cavity+ Cobalt nitrate
Green Residue Zn+2 may be
and heat the mixture

5 FLAME TEST
Take a little of salt dipped in Dil. HCl on a
Platinum wire ring an dheat it over the Green Residue Zn+2 may be
flame.

WET TEST FOR ACIDIC RADICALS

 CO3-2, SO3-2,S-2, NO2-1 may
Salt+ dil HCl No gas is evolved
be absent

Cl-1,Br-1, I-1, NO3-1, CH3COO-

Salt conc. H2SO4 No gas is evolved
1 absent

Salt + dil HNO3 + Bacl2 solution White PPT Group 3 present( SO4)

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACIDIC

RADICALS

i) Salt + dil HNO3 + Bacl2 solution White ppt

White ppt+ HCl White ppt insoluble in HCl SO4-2 Confirmed
White ppt soluble in excess hot ammonium nitrate
ii) Salt + water + Lead acetate solution SO4-2 Confirmed
solution

Prepration of Original Solution: 2g of salt +

1 8 ml of water. dissolve and make aclear Original Solution prepared.
solution

GROUP DETECTION TEST FOR BASIC

RADICALS
Original Solution+ Dil. HCl No ppt Group 1 absent

Original solution + Dil HCl + H2S gas No ppt Group 2 absent

Original solution+ NH4Cl(s) + heat. Cool

No ppt Group 3 absent
and add excess of NH4OH

Original solution+ NH4Cl(s) + heat. Cool White ppt Group 4 absent

and add excess of NH4OH+ H2S

GROUP 4 ANALYSIS
Original solution+ NH4Cl(s) + heat. Cool
and add excess of NH4OH+ H2S Colour of ppt is white Zn+2 is present
NaOH TEST
dissolve ppt in conc HCl + NaOH solution white ppt appears on adding excess of NaOH Zn+2 confirmed
ii) POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE TEST
Dissolve ppt in dil HCl+ potassium
White blue ppt Zn+2 confirmed
ferrocynide

Result: The given compound has SO4 -2 as Acidic radical and Zn+2 as Basic radical.ZnSO4
Aim- To detect the functional group in given Organic compoun
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION
TEST FOR CABOXYLIC ACID
bicarbonate to it effervescence
TEST FOR ALCOHOL
well. colour.
TEST FOR PHENOL
crystal is solid). seen.
TEST FOR ESTER
and shake well. Pink colour
TEST FOR AMIDES
NaNO2+HCl N2 gas
TEST FOR ALDEHYDE
the given liquid No red colour
TEST FOR KETONE
nitroprusside No red colour
TEST FOR AMINES
alcoholic KOH isocyanide
napthol Orange-red dye
Result: The given sample has amine as a functional group.
oup in given Organic compound
INFERENCE
carboxylic group is absent

alcoholic group is absent.

absence of phenolic group.

Ester group Absent

Amide group is absent
absent
Ketone group absent
Amine present
Amine confirmed
mine as a functional group.