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Salt Analysis

The document describes the results of several experiments performed to analyze different salt samples for their acidic and basic radicals. In Experiment 1, the salt was found to contain ammonium (NH4+) as the basic radical and acetate (CO32-) as the acidic radical. Experiment 2 found the same basic radical of ammonium but the acidic radical was determined to be acetate (CH3COO-). The third experiment identified the basic radical as ammonium and the acidic radical as chloride (Cl-).

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23 views9 pages

Salt Analysis

The document describes the results of several experiments performed to analyze different salt samples for their acidic and basic radicals. In Experiment 1, the salt was found to contain ammonium (NH4+) as the basic radical and acetate (CO32-) as the acidic radical. Experiment 2 found the same basic radical of ammonium but the acidic radical was determined to be acetate (CH3COO-). The third experiment identified the basic radical as ammonium and the acidic radical as chloride (Cl-).

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Agent 47
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© © All Rights Reserved
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EXPERIMENT NO - 02

OBJECTIVE :- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION : -

S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE


NO.
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+ absent

2 Odour NH3 like smell NH4+ may be present


ACIDIC RADICAL TEST
Dil. H2SO4 test
Test tube + salt + Dil. Colourless odourless CO32— may be present
1 H2SO4 gas evolves with brisk
effervescence

2 Pass the gas in lime water Lime water turns milky CO32— confirm
in excess which turns colourless
when excess gas is
passed.
BASIC RADICAL TEST

1 Test tube + salt + NaOH Pungent smell of NH3 Zero group present
produces

2 Test tube + salt + H2O + Reddish brown NH4+ confirm


Nessler reagent precipitate forms

RESULT:- Ammonium ion (NH4+) basic radical and acetate anion (CO 32—) acidic
radicals are present in given salt.
EXPERIMENT – 03

OBJECTIVE :- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERVATION : -

S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE


NO.
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+ absent
2 Odour NH3 like smell NH4+ may be present

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST


Dil. H2SO4 test
1 Test tube + salt +Dil. H2SO4 colourless gas with a CH3COO— may be
vinegar-like smell present
2 Test tube + salt + H2O + The characteristic smell CH3COO— confirm.
oxalic acid of vinegar produces.

BASIC RADICAL TEST


1 Test tube + salt + NaOH Pungent smell of NH3 Zero group present
produces
2 Test tube + salt + H2O + Reddish brown NH4+ confirm
Nessler reagent precipitate forms

RESULT:- Ammonium ion (NH4+) basic radical and acetate anion (CH 3COO—) acidic
radicals are present in given salt.
Experiment 04
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-

S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE


No.
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+ absent
2 Odour NH3 like smell NH4+ may be present

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST


Dil. H2SO4 test
1 Test tube + salt +Dil. H2SO4 No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
2 Test tube + salt + Conc. Colourless gas with Cl— may be present
H2SO4 pungent smell
3 SILVER NITRATE TESTS:- white precipitate forms. Cl— confirm
Test tube + salt + silver
nitrate solution.
BASIC RADICAL TEST
1 Test tube + salt + NaOH Pungent smell of NH3 Zero group present
produces
2 Test tube + salt + H2O + Reddish brown NH4+ confirm
Nessler reagent precipitate forms

RESULT:- Ammonium ion (NH4+) basic radical and chloride anion (Cl — ) acidic radicals
are present in given salt.

EXPERIMENT NO. 05
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+ absent
2 Odour No smell NH4+ (CH3COO— )
absent
ACIDIC RADICAL TEST
Dil. H2SO4 test
1 Test tube + salt +Dil. H2SO4 No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
2 Test tube + salt + H2O + Brown fume which NO3— may be present
Conc. H2SO4 intensifies when Cu
turnings are added
3 Soda extract + CH3COOH + Formation oil brown ring NO3— confirm
FeSO4 + Conc. H2SO4 at the junction of
solutions
BASIC RADICAL TEST
1 Test tube + salt + NaOH No gas produces Zero group absent
2 Test tube + salt + dil. HCl + White precipitate forms First group may be
filter present

3 Precipitate + H2O + K2CrO4 Yellow precipitate forms Pb2+ confirm

RESULT:- Lead (Pb2+) basic radical and nitrate anion (NO 3—) acidic radicals are
present in given salt.

EXPERIMENT NO. - 06
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.
PRELIMINARY TEST

1 Colour Blue colour Cu2+ may be presnt


2 Odour No smell NH4+ (CH3COO—)
absent

ACIDIC RADICAL TEST

Dil. H2SO4 test


1 test tube + salt +Dil. H2SO4 No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
2 test tube + salt + Conc. No gas produces Conc. H2SO4 group
H2SO4 absent
3 test tube + salt + H 2O + White precipitate forms Sulphate (SO42—)
BaCl2 confirm

BASIC RADICAL TEST


1 Test tube + salt + NaOH No gas producses Zero group absent

2 Test tube + salt + dil. HCl + No precipitate forms First group absent
filter

3 Filtrate + H2S gas + filter Black Precipitate forms Second group present

4 Precipitate + Dil. HNO3 + Chocolate brown Cu2+ confirm


acetic acid + K4[Fe(CN)6] coloured precipitate
forms

RESULT:- Cupric ion (Cu2+ )basic radical and Sulphate anion (SO 42— ) acidic radicals
are present in given salt.

EXPERIMENT NO. - 07
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour colourless Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+ absent
2 Odour No smell NH4+ (CH3COO—)
absent
ACIDIC RADICAL TEST

Dil. H2SO4 test

1 test tube + salt +Dil. H2SO4 No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
absent
Conc. H2SO4 test

2 test tube + salt + Conc. No gas produces Conc. H2SO4 group


H2SO4 absent
3 test tube + salt + H 2O + White precipitate forms Sulphate (SO42—)
BaCl2 confirm

BASIC RADICAL TEST


1 Test tube + salt + NaOH No gas produces Zero group absent

2 Test tube + salt + dil. HCl + No precipitate forms First group absent
filter

3 Filtrate + H2S gas + filter No precipitate forms Second group absent

4 Filtrate + boil to remove White precipitate. Third group present


H2S + NH4Cl + NH4OH +
Filter.
Lack Test
5 Precipitate + dil HCl + 2 Floating blue colour Al3+ confirm
drops of blue litmus develops.
solution + NH4OH

RESULT:- Aluminium ion (Al3+) basic radical and Sulphate (SO42—) acidic radicals are
present in given salt.

EXPERIMENT NO. - 08
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+ absent
2 Odour No smell NH4+ (CH3COO—)
absent
ACIDIC RADICAL TEST

Dil. H2SO4 test


1 test tube + salt +Dil. H2SO4 No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
2 test tube + salt + Conc. No gas produces Conc. H2SO4 group
H2SO4 absent
3 test tube + salt + H 2O + White precipitate forms Sulphate (SO42—)
BaCl2 confirm

BASIC RADICAL TEST

1 Test tube + salt + NaOH No gas produces Zero group absent


2 Test tube + salt + dil. HCl + No precipitate forms First group absent
filter
3 Filtrate + H2S gas + filter No precipitate forms Second group absent
4 Filtrate + boil to remove No precipitate forms Third group absent
H2S + NH4Cl + NH4OH +
Filter
5 Filtrate + NH4OH + H2S + Dull white precipitate Fourth group present
filter forms
6 Precipitate + H2O + dil. HCl white precipitate forms Zn2+ confirms
+ dil. NaOH in excess which dissolve in excess
of NaOH

RESULT:- Zinc ion (Zn2+) basic radical and Sulphate ion (SO42— ) acidic radicals are
present in given salt.

EXPERIMENT NO. - 09
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour White Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+ absent
2 Odour No smell NH4+ (CH3COO— )
absent
Dil H2SO4 test

1. Salt + dil H2SO4 No gas evolves Dil H2SO4 group


absent

Conc. H2SO4 test


2. Salt + conc. H2SO4 Colourless gas with Conc. H2SO4 group
pungent smell present.

Silver nitrate test


3. Salt + water +silver nitrate White precipitate forms Chloride ion confirm.
solution

BASIC RADICAL TEST

1 Test tube + salt + NaOH No gas produces Zero group absent


2 Test tube + salt + H2O + dil. No precipitate forms First group absent
HCl + filter
3 Filtrate + H2S gas + filter No precipitate forms Second group absent
4 Filtrate + boil to remove No precipitate forms Third group absent
H2S + NH4Cl + NH4OH +
Filter
5 Filtrate + NH4OH + H2S + No precipitate forms Fourth group absent
filter
6 Filtrate + NH4Cl + NH4OH + White precipitate forms Fifth group present
ammonium carbonate
(NH4)2CO3 Filter

7 Precipitate + ammonium White precipitate forms Ca2+ confirm


sulphate + ammonium
oxalate
(NH4) 2C2O4

RESULT:- Calcium ion (Ca2+) basic radical and Chloride anion (Cl—) acidic radicals are
present in given salt.
EXPERIMENT NO. - 10
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a basic radical.

OBSERATION :-

S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE


No.
PRELIMINARY TEST
1 Colour White Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+ absent
2 Odour No smell NH4+ and (CH3COO—)
absent
ACIDIC RADICAL TEST

Dil. H2SO4 test


1 test tube + salt + Dil. No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
H2SO4 absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
1 test tube + salt + Conc. No gas produces Conc. H2SO4 group
H2SO4 absent
2 test tube + salt + H 2O + White precipitate forms Sulphate (SO42—)
BaCl2 confirm

BASIC RADICAL TEST


1 Test tube + salt + NaOH No gas produces Zero group absent
2 Test tube + salt + H2O + dil. No precipitate forms First group absent
HCl + filter
3 Filtrate + H2S gas + filter No precipitate forms Second group absent
4 Filtrate + boil to remove No precipitate forms Third group absent
H2S + NH4Cl + NH4OH +
Filter
5 Filtrate + NH4OH + H2S + No precipitate forms Fourth group absent
filter
6 Filtrate + NH4Cl + NH4OH + No precipitate forms Fifth group absent
ammonium carbonate
(NH4)2CO3 Filter
7 Test tube + salt + H2O + White precipitate forms Mg2+ confirm in sixth
NH4Cl + NH4OH + group
ammonium phosphate

RESULT:- Magnesium ion (Mg2+) basic radical and sulphate (SO42—) acidic radicals are
present in the given salt.

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