1.What do you think about the society which is like a mosaic.

Give a
specific example.
A mosaic society refers to a society that is characterized by its diversity and
multiculturalism. In a mosaic society, various ethnic, cultural, religious, and
linguistic groups coexist while retaining their distinct identities and traditions

I believe a mosaic society is a good thing because a mosaic society promotes

cultural exchange, allowing individuals from diverse backgrounds to interact,
share traditions, and learn from each other. Additionally, such a society benefits
economically by harnessing a wide range of skills, talents, and expertise. This
diversity fosters a more productive and innovative workforce, attracting
businesses, investments, and driving economic growth.

Example : The United States has a long history of immigration, with people
from all over the world coming to its shores in search of better opportunities
and freedom. This has resulted in the development of a multicultural society
where individuals from different backgrounds live side by side and bring their
own unique perspectives, languages, customs, and traditions.
1’. What do you think about the society which is like a melting pot. Give a
specific example.
A melting pot society is like a big pot where people from different backgrounds
mix together and make a new culture.

I believe a melting pot society is a good thing because a melting pot society it
brings people from different backgrounds together, fostering social cohesion.
This helps society stay strong and united. It also helps the economy because
when people with different skills work together, they can come up with new
ideas and make more money. Having different ways of thinking can lead to
better solutions to problems and make businesses more competitive.

Example : Canada is often considered a melting pot culture because it embraces

diversity and encourages the integration of various cultures, languages, and
traditions into its societal fabric, fostering a multicultural society where
different identities coexist and contribute to the nation's collective identity.

2. What are American people like ? And what are the Vietnamese like ?
Americans value the idea of individualism which emphasizes self-reliance,
independence, and the ability to pursue personal goals without excessive
interference from others or the government. This belief in personal autonomy
encourages individuals to take responsibility for their own lives and
decisions.Moreover, Americans are often seen as positive and believing they
can do anything. They think it's possible to move up in life and that working
hard and being determined can make you successful.

Vietnamese people have a strong sense of national pride and patriotism. The
country's history, struggles for independence, and cultural heritage are deeply
cherished.Vietnamese people are also famous for being hardworking and
determined. They usually put education first and are ready to put in a lot of
effort to reach their objectives.
3. Describe the United States briefly
The United States of America (USA) is situated in North America. America is a
federal republic consisting 50 states. The capital of America is Washington,
D.C. The largest state in the US is Alaska and the largest city is New York City.
The president of America at the moment is Joe Biden. America is mainly
dominated by two major political parties that are the Democratic Party and the
Republican Party. The national anthem of the USA is “Star-Spangled Banner”.
The symbol of the United States of America is the bald eagle that is known for
its majestic appearance and strengthAmerica is also famous for breathtaking
landscape such as Grand Canyon, Big Sur, Yellowstone National Park,…
4. Why have many people immigrated to the US ? Why have they left their
home countries ?
Many people have immigrated to the US and left their home countries because
America provides better quality of life, opportunities and freedom. The United
States has long been seen as a land of opportunity, offering a strong and diverse
economy with numerous job prospects across various industries.

The United States is home to many prestigious universities and educational

institutions. Immigrants often come to pursue higher education or to provide
their children with access to quality education.

The United States has a long-standing tradition of political stability and a strong
democratic system.

The USA also offers an array of recreational and entertainment options to the
healthcare facilities, advanced infrastructure, and a developed transportation
network, enhancing people’s life on many aspects
5. What are minor differences between American English and British
English. Give specific examples.

American English and British English only have the slight difference. Here are
some notable ones between two languages :

- Vocabulary
AM.English Brit.English
Elevator Lift
Faucet Tap
Bathtub Bath
Apartment Flat
Drapes Curtains
- The time, the date and numbers.
AM.English Brit.English
What time do you have ? What’s the time ?
A quarter after four A quarter past four
Monday through Friday Monday to Friday
July fourth July the fourth
4/12/1981 (month first ) 12/4/1981 (day first )
- Words ending in -ize/-ise
AM. English Brit. English
Organize Organise
Recognize Recognise
Industrialize Industrialise
Realize Realise
Mechanize Mechanise
- Pronunciation
AM.English Brit.English
apricot (a as in tap) apricot (a as in tape)
Progree ( o as in fog) progress (o as in grow)
simultaneous ( I as in ice ) simultaneous (i as in him)
Semi ( I in ince ) semi (i as in bit)
Leisure ( ei as in freeze ) leisure (ei as in let)
- The stress
AM.English Brit.English
Debris Debris
Momentarily ( a as in air ) momentarily ( a almost not heard at all )
Advertisement ( I as in fry ) advertisement ( I as in bit )
Aluminum aluminium
Tomato tomato
6. What were the causes and the effects of the American Civil War ? What
would happen if slaves had gained nothing from the war ?

The American Civil War was fought between the North and the South states
from 1861 to 1865. There are the main causes of the war. The first was the issue
of slavery. The second was the issue of state’s right

The Civil War helped to end slavery and established equal rights for black
Americans with the passage of the 13th Amendment to the United States
Constitution in 1865. The Civil War played a pivotal role in strengthening the
power and authority of the federal government over the states. It solidified the
principle that the United States is a unified nation, rather than a loose
confederation of states. Despite many changes, black Americans are still much
more likely than white Americans to be poor and suffer the bad effects that
poverty brings. Race relations continue to be a problem. The war showed strong
differences between parts of the US

I believe if slaves had gained nothing from the war, the devaluation of human
life and the systemic oppression of African Americans would have further
entrenched racial divisions, perpetuating a deeply unequal society

7. Give your comment on the three branches of the US government

There are 3 branches of The US Government are the legislative, the executive,
and the judiciary.

+ The legislative branch is called Congress. It is the responsibility of Congress

to propose and pass law. Congress can refuse to approve Presidential
appointments and can override a Presidential veto.
+ The executive branch is the responsibility of executive to enforce laws. The
President belongs to the executive branch.
+ The judiciary branch explains and interprets laws, makes decisions in lawsuit.
It has power over the other 2 branches because it can declare their law and
actions unconstitutional.

I do believe these three branches are well coordinated and good. In the system
of check and balances, each branch has some control over the other 2 branches,
which is a good thing. By dividing power among the three branches of
government - the executive, legislative, and judicial - the system of checks and
balances prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful and potentially
tyrannical. Each branch acts as a check on the others, ensuring a balance of
power and preventing the concentration of power in the hands of a few.

8. What are the US President’s functions ?

The President of the United States holds several key roles and responsibilities.
- As a legislative leader, they propose laws to Congress, sign or veto bills, and
deliver the State of the Union address.
- As Chief Executive, they enforce federal laws, manage the government
bureaucracy, and oversee various agencies.
- The President serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, making
military decisions and protecting national security.
- In the role of Chief Diplomat, the President represents the United States in
foreign affairs, negotiating treaties, meeting with foreign leaders, and shaping
international policies.
- As Head of State, they act as a ceremonial figurehead, participating in public
events and providing leadership. Lastly,
- The President serves as an Economic Manager, working with Congress to
develop and implement economic policies, proposing budgets, and overseeing
regulatory agencies. They also appoint the Chair of the Federal Reserve, who
influences monetary policy.
9. Compare and contrast the US Education System with the Vietnamese on
briefly

The United States Vietnam

Management All levels of The Ministry of
government such as the Education and Training
federal government, (MOET) is the main
the state and local government body
governments, school responsible for the
districts are involved in management of
education education in Vietnam
School age Most students go to Students go to school
school at 5 years old, at 6 years old.
some go to school at 7
years old.
School levels 3 levels : 3 levels:
+ Elementary : Grade: + Primary school:
1-6, age: 5- 12 grade: 1-5, age: 6-11
+ Junior high school: + Secondary school:
Grade: 7-8, age: grade: 6-9, age: 11-15
13-14 + High school: grade:
+ High school: grade: 10-12, age :15-18
9-12, age: 14- 18

Academic year Start in September to Start in late August or

June next year. early September to the
end of May next year.

10. What is your favorite family patterns ? What are its good and bad
points ?

My favorite family pattern is nuclear family because nuclear families often

enjoy more privacy and independence compared to larger extended families.
Each family member may have their own space and autonomy, which can foster
individual growth and personal relationships. The nuclear family often provides
a stable and nurturing environment for children to grow up in. With two parents
present, there may be a greater sense of emotional support and stability, which
can positively impact a child's development.With both parents typically present,
nuclear families often have a higher combined income, making it potentially
easier to provide for the family's material needs. This financial stability can
contribute to a higher standard of living, access to quality education, and
opportunities for personal and professional growth.

There are 7 typical family types in America : single parent family, childless
family, grandparent - grandchildren family, step family, same-sex family,
nuclear family, extended family.

Nuclear family

Advantages :

Nuclear families often enjoy more privacy and independence compared to larger
extended families. Each family member may have their own space and autonomy,
which can foster individual growth and personal relationships.
The nuclear family often provides a stable and nurturing environment for children to
grow up in. With two parents present, there may be a greater sense of emotional
support and stability, which can positively impact a child's development.

With both parents typically present, nuclear families often have a higher combined
income, making it potentially easier to provide for the family's material needs. This
financial stability can contribute to a higher standard of living, access to quality
education, and opportunities for personal and professional growth.

Compared to larger family structures, nuclear families may experience fewer

conflicts and disagreements due to the smaller number of individuals involved. This
can contribute to a more peaceful and harmonious household environment, promoting
a sense of well-being and reducing stress.

Disadvantages :

Nuclear families may have a smaller support network. This can place a greater burden
on parents, particularly when it comes to childcare, as they may have limited
assistance from relatives.

With fewer family members, there may be a limited range of perspectives and
experiences within the household. This can restrict the exposure of children to
different viewpoints and cultures, potentially impacting their understanding and
acceptance of diversity.

In a nuclear family, parents may face increased pressure as they have to juggle
multiple roles and responsibilities. Balancing work, childcare, household chores, and
personal needs can be challenging, potentially leading to stress and burnout.

In a nuclear family, there may be a limited interaction between different generations.

This can result in a loss of intergenerational knowledge, cultural traditions, and
values that are typically passed down through extended family networks. The absence
of these connections may impact a child's understanding of their heritage and history.

Extended family

Advantages :

Extended family members can offer financial assistance or share resources during
times of financial hardship. This support can range from temporary loans or financial
gifts to living arrangements, shared housing, or access to family-owned property.

Extended family plays a crucial role in passing down wealth, property, and family
heirlooms from one generation to the next. This ensures the preservation of family
assets and the continuation of family values and traditions.
Extended family members can play a crucial role caregiving. They can assist with
transportation to medical appointments, provide emotional support during illness, or
help care for elderly or disabled family members.

Extended family members provide emotional support during challenging times, such
as illness, loss, or personal difficulties. They offer a sense of belonging,
understanding, and empathy, which can contribute to overall emotional well-being

Disadvantages :

The most significant drawback of joint family life is that your privacy can be
endangered. Everyone in the family is familiar with everyone else. As a result, they
might occasionally meddle in your daily affairs

Children cannot make independent decisions because they have a tendency to talk to
their elders about everything. As a result, they are indecisive and lack confidence.

Extended families often consist of individuals with diverse personalities, opinions,

and lifestyles. This can lead to conflicts and disagreements, especially if there are
differences in values, beliefs, or parenting styles.

In some extended families, there may be an expectation that certain family members
will take on caregiving responsibilities for elderly or dependent relatives. Especially
if the responsibilities fall disproportionately on a few individuals, it can lead to
caregiver burnout and strain relationships within the family.

Step family
Advantages

Combining households can lead to increased financial resources and shared

responsibilities. This can provide greater stability and security for both adults and
children within the stepfamily.

Stepfamilies can provide emotional support and companionship to both adults and
children. They offer the opportunity to form new bonds and relationships, which can
contribute to a sense of belonging and security.

Stepfamilies may enhance problem-solving skills in the sense that step families often
face unique challenges that require effective problem-solving skills. Members of
stepfamilies learn to navigate complex dynamics, negotiate differences, and find
solutions that work for everyone involved

Stepfamilies offer children the opportunity to have additional role models in their
lives. They may have a step-parent who can provide guidance, support, and
mentorship, or older step-siblings who serve as positive influences
Disadvantages

Step families can involve complex relationships, especially when children from
previous relationships are involved. The relationships between stepparents and
stepchildren, step siblings, and biological parents can be complicated and may require
time and effort to develop and nurture.

Stepfamilies can face social stigma or judgment from others, which can add to the
stress and emotional strain experienced within the family. Societal pressure and
unrealistic expectations of what a "traditional" family should look like may create
additional challenges.

Blending two separate families into a cohesive unit can be challenging. Different
parenting styles, discipline methods, and household routines may clash, causing
tension and disagreements within the stepfamily.

Family members in stepfamilies may bring emotional baggage from previous

relationships or family dynamics. Unresolved issues, trust issues, or emotional trauma
can impact the family's ability to form healthy and supportive relationships.

Childless family

Advantages

Without the financial obligations of raising children, childless families often have
greater financial stability. They can allocate resources towards their own desires, such
as pursuing higher education, investments

Childless individuals and couples have the flexibility to be more spontaneous in their
daily lives without needing to consider the needs and routines of children.

Not having children can provide individuals or couples with the opportunity to
develop deeper connections with friends, family members, or their community. They
have more time and energy to invest in nurturing these relationships, and they can
build strong support networks outside of the immediate family unit.

Not having children can alleviate some of the emotional challenges and worries
associated with parenting. Individuals or couples in a childless family may
experience less stress, anxiety, and emotional strain that can come with the
responsibilities of raising children.

Disadvantages

In some societies, there may be social expectations or cultural norms that place value
on having children. Childless individuals or couples may face societal pressure,
criticism, or judgment from family, friends, or community members who adhere to
these norms.

Childless individuals may not have the same level of support network or assistance of
their children in their later years. They may need to rely on social services or other
forms of support to meet their needs as they age.

Not having children may mean that family lineage, preserve cultural traditions, or
pass on their values and beliefs could potentially fade away over time.

Childless couples may undergo the sense of emptiness during significant life
occasions that are commonly linked with having children such as birthdays, holidays,
and family get-togethers. These occasions act as the reminders of the lack of
offspring and may present emotional difficulties.

Grandparent-grandchildren family
Advantages

Grandparents often serve as keepers of family traditions and values. They can pass on
cultural, religious, and moral beliefs to their grandchildren, ensuring that important
aspects of family heritage are preserved and carried forward to future generations.

Parents often rely on grandparents for childcare, which offers a stable and familiar
environment for their children. This arrangement benefits working parents, as they
can pursue their careers while trusting their children with trusted family members.

The relationship between grandchildren and grandparents is not one-sided.

Grandparents can learn about current trends, technology, and receive the assistance
from grandchildren in emergency situation that may arise with them, while
grandchildren can gain insights into different eras and experiences

Studies have shown that the involvement of grandparents in their grandchildren's

lives can have positive effects on their mental health

Disadvantages :

Grandparents and grandchildren often belong to different generations, which can lead
to differences in values, beliefs, and interests. This generation gap may create
challenges in understanding and relating to each other, resulting in communication
difficulties or contrasting perspectives on various issues.

The presence of grandparents in the family may inadvertently foster dependency in

the grandchildren. If grandparents provide excessive support, it can hinder the
development of independence and self-reliance in the younger generation.

Grandparents may face health issues, physical limitations, or financial constraints that
can affect their ability to care for their grandchildren effectively
Taking on a significant role in raising grandchildren can consume a substantial
amount of time and energy for grandparents. This may limit their ability to pursue or
maintain an active social life

Single-parent family

Advantages

Children in single-parent families often learn to become more self-reliant and

responsible from an early age. They may take on household chores or assist with
caregiving tasks, which can promote independence, resilience, and a sense of
accountability.

In single-parent families, the parent often develops a closer, more nurturing

relationship with their children. With one parent taking on most of the parenting
responsibilities, they may have more one-on-one time with their children, fostering a
strong emotional connection and bonding.

Single-parent families often have greater flexibility in terms of scheduling and

decision-making, as there is no need to coordinate with another parent. This
flexibility can allow the parent and children to adapt more easily to changing
circumstances to meet their needs.

Single parents can serve as powerful role models for their children, demonstrating
strength, resilience, and determination in the face of challenges, which can inspire
children to develop their own personal strengths and work towards their goals.

Disadvantages

Single parents often face financial difficulties due to the sole responsibility of
providing for their family. With only one income, it can be challenging to meet all the
financial needs of the household, including housing, education, healthcare, and other
essential expenses.

Single parents may find it challenging to be consistently available for their children
due to work schedules, multiple jobs, or other commitments. This limited availability
can result in less quality time spent with children, reduced involvement in their
education

children growing up in single-parent families may be at a higher risk of certain

challenges including lower academic performance, emotional and behavioral
difficulties, and a higher likelihood of experiencing poverty or engaging in risky
behaviors.
Single-parent families can sometimes face social stigma or judgment from others who
hold traditional views about family structure. This stigma can lead to feelings of
isolation and exclusion for both the parent and the child.

Same sex family

Advantages

Same-sex families often foster an environment of open-mindedness, acceptance, and

diversity. Children growing up in these families tend to have a broader understanding
of different family structures and sexual orientations.

Same-sex couples can provide a loving and stable environment for their children, just
like heterosexual couples.

Same-sex families can contribute to reducing gender bias and promoting gender
equality. Children raised in these families are more likely to witness and experience
gender equality within their home environment

Growing up in a same-sex family can contribute to the development of empathy and

compassion in children. They may have firsthand experiences of facing
discrimination or prejudice, which can make them more understanding and
empathetic towards others who may face similar challenges

Disadvantages

Same-sex families may encounter prejudice and discrimination from individuals or

institutions due to their non-traditional family structure. This can lead to social
isolation, harassment, and unequal treatment in various aspects of life.

Children in the same-sex family may face the high level of depression because of
bullying, teasing, or questions about their family structure

In some jurisdictions, same-sex couples may face legal obstacles when it comes to
adoption, parenting rights, and recognition of their relationships

Same-sex families may encounter limited educational resources and support systems
that specifically address their needs. Schools, healthcare providers, and other
institutions may lack inclusive policies or training to effectively support and affirm
the experiences of same-sex families and their children.

11. What are the attitudes of American people and of foreigners to the US
media ?
Many Americans value the media as an important and essential source of news,
relying on various outlets to stay informed about events at different levels. The
media is seen as a platform for diverse voices and opinions, allowing for a wide
range of perspectives to be heard. Americans also appreciate the entertainment
aspect of media, using it as a means of escapism and relaxation.
Additionally, foreign audiences value American journalism for its investigative
reporting, freedom of expression. American media is particularly popular
among foreign students, as it exposes them to American English, slang, and
idioms, improving their language skills. It also provides insights into American
history, politics, and social issues, fostering cross-cultural awareness and
understanding.

12. Describe one holiday/festival in the US you know well. How important
is it to American people ?

- Holiday :
A holiday in the US that I know well is Thanksgiving. Thanksgiving is a
significant US holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November.
Families gather for a special meal featuring a roasted turkey and traditional
dishes like cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie.

Thanksgiving is very important to American because Thanksgiving, a culturally

significant holiday, brings loved ones together. It began as a harvest festival and
is now a day to give thanks for blessings. It transcends religious and cultural
differences and emphasizes family values, symbolizing unity, resilience, and
American values like freedom and opportunity, honoring shared history and
diverse contributions.The festive meal fosters social bonds and a sense of
belonging. This practice promotes emotional well-being and positivity.
- Festival :
A festival in the US that I know well is Christmas Day. Christmas Day is on
December 25th and is a widely celebrated holiday in the US. Christmas Eve
involves church services or family dinners, featuring traditional foods like
roasted turkey, ham, mashed potatoes, and desserts. Christmas morning is
exciting, especially for children, who unwrap presents. Families spend quality
time together, visit relatives, and enjoy public events like parades and concerts.

Christmas Day is important to many American because Christmas Day

commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ and allows Christians to celebrate their
faith and reflect on love, peace, and goodwill. Christmas also brings people of
diverse backgrounds together to exchange gifts, enjoy traditions, and foster
connections. Additionally, the holiday has a substantial economic impact,
stimulating consumer spending and supporting businesses. Overall, Christmas
represents a time of joy, unity, and reflection in American society.
13. What are the characteristics of of the federal government in the USA ?
- The federal government operates on a system of checks and balances, with
power divided among three branches: the executive, legislative, and judicial.
- It is a representative democracy, with elected officials serving at the federal
level.
- Federalism is a core principle, with power shared between the national and
state governments.
- The federal government is responsible for issues of national importance such
as defense, foreign policy, and interstate commerce.
- It upholds a written constitution which outlines the fundamental principles
and limits of government power. This constitution serves as the supreme law
of the land and protects individual rights and liberties.
13’. What are the characteristics of of state government in the USA ?
- State government is in the form of a democratic republic, which means that
the people elect representatives.
- In addition to power through their elected state representatives, the people
have direct power through the initiative, referendum, and recall processes.
- The upper house is a senate, and the lower house is a state assembly or a
house of representatives
- The highest court is the state supreme court. There may be also appeals,
county, superior, district, circuit, municipal and special courts
- The government has three branches that are executive, legislative, judiciary.
In which, the executive include advisors to the governor, some advisors are
elected, some are appointed. The judiciary judges cases of state law. The
legislative has two house making laws
14. Distinguish the federal government from the state one in the USA
Both federal and state governments fund public projects (buildings, dams,
highways, etc.), support farming and business, maintain court systems and
regulate banks, operates under a system of checks and balances. However, there
are certain differences between them :

Federal government State government

Declares war Maintains a polic force

Supports the armed forces Supports a state militia, such as the National Guard

Coins money Regulates transportation and trade within the state

Establishes and maintains post o ces Establishes and maintains schools

Gives authors and inventors the exclusive right to Oversees local governments and grants city
their work (copyrights, patents) charters

Three separate branches : legislative, executive, Three separate branches : legislative, executive,
and judicial (Congress, President, Supreme Cour) judicial (State Legislative, Governor, Courts )
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Powers delineated in the Constitution, including Powers not delegated to federal government are
national defense, foreign policy, interstate retained by states, such as education, public health
commerce regulation and intrastate commerce

Authority over matters of national signi cance like Tailors policies to speci c state needs
immigration and currency regulation

15. How important is bilingual education in the USA ?

Firstly, bilingual education promotes academic achievement and cognitive
development. Research consistently shows that bilingual students tend to have
enhanced problem-solving skills, greater cultural sensitivity, and improved
critical thinking abilities, enabling the students to approach the challenges from
different perspective. By allowing students to maintain and develop proficiency
in their native language while learning English, bilingual education fosters a
strong foundation for academic success.

Secondly, multilingualism provides individuals with a competitive edge in the

job market. The ability to communicate and engage with diverse communities
in their native languages opens up opportunities for international business,
diplomacy, and cultural exchange. Moreover, multilingual education promotes
inclusivity by facilitating communication and understanding among people
from different linguistic backgrounds, fostering a sense of unity and respect for
diversity.
15’. How important is multilingual education in the USA ?
Firstly, multilingualism provides individuals with a competitive edge in the job
market. The ability to communicate and engage with diverse communities in
their native languages opens up opportunities for international business,
diplomacy, and cultural exchange. Moreover, multilingual education promotes
inclusivity by facilitating communication and understanding among people
from different linguistic backgrounds, fostering a sense of unity and respect for
diversity.

Secondly, multilingual education enhances cognitive development and

academic achievement. Learning multiple languages improves memory,
problem-solving skills, and creativity. It also enhances critical thinking and
adaptability, enabling students to approach challenges from different
perspectives. Furthermore, multilingual individuals tend to perform better
academically, as learning additional languages strengthens language skills
overall and enhances overall academic performance.
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