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specific gravity and density

specific gravity and density summarized note with work examples

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15 views3 pages

specific gravity and density

specific gravity and density summarized note with work examples

Uploaded by

modoulaminann603
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Created by Turbolearn AI

Density and Specific Gravity


Density is defined as mass divided by volume, and is often represented by the symbol
rho ρ. The formula for density is: ρ = volume
mass

The density of water is 1000 kilograms per cubic meter. In physics, this value is
commonly used. In chemistry, the density of water is 1 gram per cubic centimeter.

Examples of Density
The density of aluminum is 2700 kilograms per cubic meter, which is equivalent to 2.7
grams per cubic centimeter. The density of air is much less, at 1.29 kilograms per cubic
meter.

Specific Gravity
Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water. It is
calculated by dividing the density of the substance by the density of water.
Specific Gravity = ρsubstance
ρwater

The specific gravity of aluminum is:


2700 kg/m3
1000 kg/m3
= 2.7

The specific gravity of air is:


1.29 kg/m3
1000 kg/m3
= 0.00129

The specific gravity is a unitless quantity, as the units of density


kilogramspercubicmeter cancel out when divided by the density of water.

Practice Problems

Problem 1: Mass of Air in a Rectangular Room


Given a rectangular room with dimensions 7 meters by 12 meters by 4 meters, and the
density of air as 1.29 kilograms per cubic meter, calculate the mass of air in the room.

Page 1
Created by Turbolearn AI

Dimension Value

Length 7 meters
Width 12 meters
Height 4 meters
Density of Air 1.29 kg/m^3

The volume of the room is: V olume = Length × W idth × Height = 7 × 12 × 4 = 336 m3

The mass of air is: Mass = Density × V olume = 1.29 kg/m3 × 336 m3 = 433.4 kg

Problem 2: Weight of a Spherical Balloon


Given a spherical balloon with a radius of 10 meters, and the mass of the balloon skin as
0.35 kilograms, calculate the weight of the balloon filled with air.

Dimension Value

Radius 10 meters
Mass of Balloon Skin 0.35 kg
Density of Air 1.29 kg/m^3

The volume of the balloon is: V olume = 4


3 πr3 = 4
3 π(10)3 = 4188.8 m3

The mass of air is: Mass = Density × V olume = 1.29 kg/m3 × 4188.8 m3 = 5403.6 kg

The weight of the balloon is:


W eight = (Mass of Air + Mass of Balloon Skin) × g = (5403.6 + 0.35) × 9.8 = 52959 N

Problem 3: Density of a Mixture


Given 30 liters of water and 50 liters of ethyl alcohol, calculate the density of the
mixture.

Substance Volume Density

Water 30 liters 1000 kg/m^3


Ethyl Alcohol 50 liters 789 kg/m^3

The total volume of the mixture is: T otal V olume = 30 + 50 = 80 liters

Page 2
Created by Turbolearn AI

The density of the mixture is:


Density = mwV+mt
a
= ρwVwV+ρ
t
aVa
= 1000×30+789×50
80
= 868.125 kg/m3

Key points to note:

The density of the mixture is a weighted average of the densities of the individual
substances.
The density of the mixture is closer to the density of ethyl alcohol since there is
more of it in the mixture.

Page 3

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