N.PasiChar/xiMorgante Chart for Selective functional group detection of thé'given organic sample Preliminary observation (i) Appearance: Solid/ liquid (ii) Colour: (iii) Odour: (iv) Solubility: (a)Soluble in water/ alcohol Z ts (b) Soluble in dil NaOH Carboxylic o eta gitup may be present (©) Soluble in dil.HCl Amine mabe Action of heat Experiment Inferente A little amount of sample (i) Compound may be taken in a spatula and unsaturated or an heated in the on luminous flame of « aromatic (ii) May be saturated aliphatic compound Sr ‘observation ] Tnisrente Test with KMnO, solution : | (i) Purple colour of | (i) Compoutil may bs A little amount of sample |KMnO, vanishes | unsaturated dissolved in minimum amount é of acetone To it dil. NaxCOs| (i) purple colour | (ii) Compound may be and then dil. KMnO, solution | persists saturated. added dropwise with constant shaking. egety N.Das/Chart/XtVorganic ‘Detection of functional groups Experiment. Observation Inference 1.Tests for carboxylic acid: () The litmus | (i) Carboxylic (COOH) (i) Litmus test: Small quantity of | paper turns red | group may be present the sample is shaken in water and then a blue litmus paper is dipped (Phenols also age this into it test) & ® (ii) NaHCO; test: A small ii)Efferv sh: Mecbort scence Senbtieammtaetaret tr |Nois coramcata concentrated NaHCO; solution of CO, 2. Test for Phenolic -OH re, group: Appearariogiof To about 1 ml of aqueous or | blue ce ~ alcoholic solution of the sample a\}or viglet colour few drops of neutral ferri f 2! chloride solution was added. _ «i 3. Test for Alcoholic -OH soups {a)Cerric ammonium ‘ea To Iml of the cerric nitrate reagent, 2 ml ee % 2 drops ofthe spe . | (ii) brown or (ii) Phenolic -OH group solutions SAS green precipitate > ° To 1 ml ofthe sample in a test | Fruity (pleasant) tube 2ml of Blacial acetic acid | Smell and a few drops of conc.H,SO, is added and heated gently for 1 minute. The mixture is cooledand poured to 4ml of water in a boiling tube. (i) alcoholic OH group Alcoholic -OH group4. Test for carbonyl groups: A little amount of the sample is mixed with 1 ml of methanol taken in a test tube. To it 3 ml of Brady's reagent —(2,4-di nitrophenyl hydrazine sulphate) was added = and ~—shaken (cone. H,S0, is added if required) ** If the precipitation is slow, test tube is heated:on @ water bath for about 5 minutes Reddish or yellow ppt. Carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) present Experiment ‘Anference 5 od 4.1,Test with Tollen’s reagent solid sample is mixed with alcohol taken in a test tube. To its} 2ml of Tollen’s reagent was added and warmed. e alittle amount of the liquid or “si ) Aldehydic (CHO) group present (b) Ketonic (-CO-) group present 4.2.Test with Fehling 1 ml of Fehling’s'A solution i mixed with} mhof Febling’s'B sol is mij little (These tests 4.1 id 4.2 are performed if positive result is obtained in Brady's Te ‘@ Reddish brown ppt (No Reddish brown ppt (a) Aldehydie (CHO) group present (b) Ketonic (-CO-) group present 5.Test for primary amines: (i Carbylamine Test: About 2-3 drops of CHCl; is added to 0.1 g of the sample followed by addition of 2ml of alcoholic KOH solution with gentle heating. Foul smell of carbylamine Primary amino (NH) group. (i) Test with nitrous acid: Brisk Aliphatic primary amino fq -3About 2ml of dil. HCI is added to a little amount of the sample and then to it Iml of 10% NaNO, solution is added. CNEL) group. (iii) Diazotization test: To 0.2 g or 0.2m of the sample, dil HCI (2ml) is added and cooled under tape water. To it 1 ml of 10% NaNO; solution followed by addition of 0.5 ml of alkaline B- naphthol solution ‘Aromatic primary amino (-NH;) group. Conclusion: Hence the given organic sample cont group. Pq-4