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LESSON-1-PRACTICAL-RESEARCH

Research is a systematic investigation aimed at establishing truth, improving quality of life, and gathering necessary information. It has key characteristics such as being empirical, systematic, controlled, and objective, and follows a defined process including problem definition and data analysis. Ethical conduct in research is crucial, emphasizing honesty, objectivity, and respect for colleagues, while distinguishing between quantitative and qualitative research methods.

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LESSON-1-PRACTICAL-RESEARCH

Research is a systematic investigation aimed at establishing truth, improving quality of life, and gathering necessary information. It has key characteristics such as being empirical, systematic, controlled, and objective, and follows a defined process including problem definition and data analysis. Ethical conduct in research is crucial, emphasizing honesty, objectivity, and respect for colleagues, while distinguishing between quantitative and qualitative research methods.

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daniloted046
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

LESSON 1

What is RESEARCH

✓ Research is an organized investigation and study of materials and sources to create facts and reach
new inferences. Research has come up with developing appropriate solutions to improve the individual’s
quality of life. Although it may take place in a different setting and may use different methods, scientific
research is universally a systematic and objective search for reliable knowledge (Walker, 2010).
✓ Research is a verified approach of thinking and employing legalized instruments and steps to obtain a
more adequate solution to a problem that is otherwise impossible to address under ordinary means
(Crawford, as cited by Alcantara & Espina, 1995)
Here are the five (5) importance of research to our daily lives.
1. Research aims for truth (Rolfe 2002) R
- Research is about establishing truth based on evidence or data.
2. Research improves quality of human life (Bornmann 2013).
- It improves our standard of living.
3. Research saves life(Cancer Research UK 2019).
- Research will succeed and will continue to provide us a safer life.
4. Research gathers necessary information (Igwenagu 2016).
- Conducting research implies gathering necessary data to explain your problem and to
answer your particular questions
5. Research explores humanity (Lee, Tran, and Lee 2007).
- Research likewise deals with the investigation of culture to understand and to appreciate
others’ practices, and beliefs (Zion and Kozleski 2005). The way we understand others is
the result of a long study of different individuals to provide us explanations about group
or individual culture.

CHARACTERISTICS, PROCESSES, AND ETHICS IN RESEARCH

Prieto, et.al. (2017) stated that the following are the major characteristics of research:

1. EMPIRICAL – is based on observations and experiments of theories.


2. SYSTEMATIC – follows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid procedures and
principles.
3. CONTROLLED – In research, all variables, except those that are tested/ experimented on, are
kept constant.
4. EMPLOYS HYPOTHESIS – refers to a search for facts, answers to questions and solutions to
problems.
5. ANALYTICAL – shows analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive,
and or case study.
6. OBJECTIVE – it is unbiased and logical. All findings are logically based on real-life situations.
7. ORIGINAL WORK – it requires its own examination and produces the data needed to complete
the study.
Integration is the best way to evaluate the validity of a certain study.Prieto, et.al. (2017) also added that
the following are involved in the Research Processes:

1. DEFINE RESEARCH PROBLEM: What is the problem?


2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: What evidence is already presented?
3. FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS: How are we going to find/look for the answer to questions being
studied?
4. RESEARCH DESIGN: Where will the study be shown and with what population?
5. COLLECTING DATA: Are we ready to gather the data? Where do we find the data?
6. ANALYZING DATA: How do the data answer the research queries?
7. INTERPRET AND REPORT: What are the implications of the results?

Ethical Codes and Policies for Research, Resnik, 2007

Given the importance of ethics in the conduct of a research, you will follow codes and Policies for
research:

Honesty - Maintain all communication. Data should not be faked


Objectivity - Avoid biases in experimental designs, data analysis, Interpretation, expert testimony, and
other aspects of Research
Integrity - Keep your promises and agreements.
Carefulness - Avoid careless errors and negligence.
Openness - Share data, results, ideas and tools. Be open to criticism and new ideas.
Confidentiality - Protect confidential communication.
Responsible Publication - Avoid duplicating publications.
Responsible Mentoring - Help to educate, mentor, and advise others.
Respect Colleagues - Treat all peers fairly.
Social Responsibility - Strive to promote social good. Avoid social harm
Non- Discrimination - Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, races,
ethnicity, and or others.
Legality - Be informed and obey relevant laws and institutional Governmental policies.
Respect of Intellectual Property - Give proper acknowledgment or credits to all researchers
Human Subject - Minimize risks that involve human lives, dignity, and privacy.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

– is a positivist scientific method which refers to a general set of orderly discipline procedures to acquire
information (Beck, 2004).

-Mostly, it is concerned with numbers and measurements

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

– is defined as the “naturalistic method of research which deals with the concern of human difficulty by
discovering it straightly.” (Beck, 2004)

-It is concerned with the experiences, understanding and words of the individual.

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