Experiment No. 04: Title: Aim: Theory

Experiment No.
04
Title: Pitch Angle control of wind turbine

Aim: Perform the experiment of pitch angle control of wind turbine using
MATLAB
Theory:
Pitch angle control is a method of controlling the power output of a wind turbine by
adjusting the pitch angle of the blades. The pitch angle is the angle between the
chord line of the blade and the plane of rotation. By adjusting the pitch angle of the
blades, the wind turbine can extract more or less energy from the wind, allowing it
to operate at optimal efficiency.
Pitch angle control typically involves a closed-loop control system that measures the
power output of the wind turbine and adjusts the pitch angle of the blades
accordingly. Here are the steps involved in pitch angle control:
Measure power output: The first step in pitch angle control is to measure the
power output of the wind turbine. This can be done using sensors that measure the
electrical power output or the rotational speed of the turbine.
Compare to set point: The measured power output is compared to a setpoint, which
represents the desired power output of the wind turbine. If the measured power
output is lower than the setpoint, the pitch angle of the blades is increased, and if it
is higher, the pitch angle is decreased.
Adjust pitch angle: To adjust the pitch angle, the control system sends signals to
the pitch actuators, which are typically hydraulic or electric motors that rotate the
blades around their longitudinal axis. By rotating the blades, the pitch angle can be
adjusted to increase or decrease the aerodynamic lift on the blades, which affects
the power output of the turbine.
Repeat: The control system continuously measures the power output of the wind
turbine and adjusts the pitch angle of the blades to maintain the desired power
output. This process is repeated in a closed-loop control system that ensures the
wind turbine operates at optimal efficiency.
Pitch angle control is an important method for optimizing the power output of wind
turbines. By adjusting the pitch angle of the blades, wind turbines can extract more
energy from the wind and operate at optimal efficiency, while also protecting the
turbine from damage due to high winds or other disturbances.
The mathematical expression of wind energy can be written as:
Wind Energy = (1/2) x Air Density x Swept Area x Wind Speed^3 x Power
Coefficient
where:
Air Density: the density of air, typically in kg/m^3
Swept Area: the area swept by the rotor blades of the wind turbine, typically in
m^2 Wind Speed: the velocity of the wind, typically in m/s
Power Coefficient: the efficiency of the wind turbine in converting wind energy to
electrical energy, typically a unitless value between 0 and 1
The (1/2) factor in the equation is due to the kinetic energy of a fluid being
proportional to the square of its velocity, and the formula for kinetic energy being
(1/2)mv^2, where m is the mass and v is the velocity of the fluid. Therefore, (1/2) is
included in the equation to convert the kinetic energy of the wind into its available
energy for use by the wind turbine.
MATLAB PROGRAM:
% Define the wind speed range
wind_speed = 0:0.1:25; % Wind speed in m/s
% Define the power curve equation

rated_power = 1500; % Rated power in W
cut_in_speed = 3; % Cut-in speed in m/s
cut_out_speed = 25; % Cut-out speed in m/s
power_output = zeros(size(wind_speed));
power_output(wind_speed >= cut_in_speed & wind_speed <= cut_out_speed) = ...
rated_power*(wind_speed(wind_speed >= cut_in_speed & wind_speed <=
cut_out_speed) - cut_in_speed)...
.^3/(cut_out_speed - cut_in_speed)^3;
% Define the pitch angle range

pitch_angle = -10:1:10; % Pitch angle in degrees
% Calculate the power output for each pitch angle

power_output_pitch = zeros(length(pitch_angle), length(wind_speed));
for i = 1:length(pitch_angle)
power_output_pitch(i, :) = power_output.*(1 -
2/3*(pitch_angle(i)/10)^3);
end
% Plot the power output for each pitch angle

figure;
for i = 1:length(pitch_angle)
plot(wind_speed, power_output_pitch(i, :), 'LineWidth', 2);
hold on;
end
xlabel('Wind Speed (m/s)');
ylabel('Power Output
(W)');
title('Wind Turbine Power
Curve with Pitch Angle
Control');
legend(string(pitch_angle)
+ ' deg');
% Find the maximum power point for each pitch angle

[max_power_pitch, max_index_pitch] = max(power_output_pitch, [], 2);
max_speed_pitch = wind_speed(max_index_pitch);
% Plot the maximum power points for each pitch angle

hold on;
plot(max_speed_pitch, max_power_pitch, 'k*',
'MarkerSize', 10);
% Find the optimum pitch angle for each wind speed
[opt_pitch_angle, opt_index] = max(power_output_pitch, [], 1);
opt_speed = wind_speed(opt_index);
% Plot the optimum pitch angles for each wind speed

figure;
plot(wind_speed, opt_pitch_angle, 'LineWidth', 2);
xlabel('Wind Speed (m/s)');
ylabel('Optimum Pitch Angle (deg)');
title('Optimum Pitch Angle vs. Wind Speed');
% Plot the optimum pitch angle at each wind speed

hold on;
plot(opt_speed, opt_pitch_angle, 'r*',
'MarkerSize', 10);
Result:
Conclusion:

Experiment No. 04: Title: Aim: Theory

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Experiment No.

Title: Pitch Angle control of wind turbine

% Define the power curve equation

% Define the pitch angle range

% Calculate the power output for each pitch angle

% Plot the power output for each pitch angle

% Find the maximum power point for each pitch angle

% Plot the maximum power points for each pitch angle

% Plot the optimum pitch angles for each wind speed

% Plot the optimum pitch angle at each wind speed

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