Challenge 1

1.

What are nappes? Explain the theories related to origin of rift

valleys.

2. Certainly the problem of mountain building is one in which the

hypothesis of continental rift solves more difficulties than it
creates. Explain in the light of continental drift theory by Alfred
Wegener.
1.

Both the views appear similar but not the same. In light of the
statement give detailed comparative analysis of the views of Airy
and Pratt on isostasy. (200 words)

2. With suitable diagrams explain concept of Holmes on isostasy.

(200 words)
3. Differences between Normal cycle and Arid cycle of Davis. (150
words)
What is Base level? Explain the types of base level. (250 words)
Question
Write a short note: Systems approach to landform analysis.(200
words/ CSM 2012)
Question
Write a short note: Major components of IGBP. (200 words/CSM
2012)
Question
Characteristics of the standards epigene cycle of erosion.(250
words/CSM 2012)
Question
Offshore Acoustic Study helped the development of the concept of
sea floor spreading. Explain. (250 words/CSM 2013)

Question
Write a short note: Classification of Earth Movement. (200 words/
CSM 1992)
Question
Write a short note: Treppen Concept. (250 words/CSM 1993)
Question
Structure is a dominant control factor in the evolution of landform
Discuss with suitable examples. (200 words/CSM 2002)
Question
Highlight the Geomorphic features essentially found in the
topographies under the Second Cycle of erosion. (200 words/CSM
2009)
Question
Give a brief account of the principal land biomes and their latitudinal
distribution.(200 words/CSM 2009)
Question
Discuss views on Slope development provided by L.C.King. (200
words/CSM 2009)
Question
Write a short note on Geomagnetism and paleomagnetism. (200
words/ CSM 2011)
Question
Name the climatically controlled agents of erosion. Explain how they
differ in terms of properties of matter.Compare the landforms
produced by each of them. (400 words/CSM 2011)
Impact of Pleistocene Ice Age on the crust of the Earth. (150 words)

Challenge 3

Topic: Models, Theories & Laws in Human Geography

1.Write shote note : Gravity Model. (200 words)
2.Write a note on Weight Triangle. (200 words)

Challenge 4

Topic: Models, Theories & Laws in Human

Geography
1. Bring out the sequential improvements in models of city structure by E.W Burgess,
Homeer, Hoyt and Harris and Ullam. (300 words/ CSM 2010)
2. Write shote note : Isolated State (200 words/ CSM 2002)

Challenge 5

Topic: Population and Settlement Geography

1.

Write short explanatory note on Secondary cities in the context

of urbanization in developing world. (200 words/ CSM 2012)

2. Elaborate the concept of Megalopolis and discuss the characteristics and

problems related to two such regions selecting one each from North America
and Europe. (200 words/ CSM 2009)
Question 1
Regional Shifts in the world characteristics of urban process. (200
words)
Question 2
Bring out the contrast between the internal structure of the preindustrial and industrial cities
Question 1

Write explanatory note Misra`s theoretical stage of Rural- Urban Process.

(200 words/ CSM 2013)
Question 2
Urban Solid Waste Management poses the greatest challenge in
Metropolitan planning. Elaborate. (250 words/ CSM 2013)
Urban Geography is nothing but city in area and city as area .
Elaborate. (200 words)
Question 2
Colonial forces resulted in the Primate Pattern of urban process in
most Southeast Asian countries . Discuss (200 words)
Question 1
Write a note on emergence of National Settlement System in colonial India
and discuss the factors contributing to urbanization in post-independence
period. (200 words)
Question 2
Morphological characteristics of villages situated in hilly regions. (200 words)
Question 1
Differentiate between conurbations and metrolitan regions. Give a reasoned
account of emerging conurbations in India. (300 words/CSM 2011)
Question 2
Outline the role of Class I and Class II towns in the urban process of India and
indicate their contribution towards balanced urban development. (300
words/CSM 2011)
Question 1
Explain the morphology of Indian cities in the background of
excisting morphological models. (200 words)

Question 2
Provide the geographical background and characteristics of the
distribution of Hill Stations of India. (200 words)
Question 1
Hierarchical pattern of Indian towns. (200 words/CSM 1999)
Question 2
Write short note: Land use characteristics of the rural-urban fringe in
India. (200 words/ CSM 1995)
Question 1
Write short note : internal structure of an Indian city. (200 words/
CSm 1995)
Question 2
Write short note: Function, classification and hierarchy of urban
settlement. (200 words/ CSm 1990)
Question
State the geographical factors which influence rural house types in
India. (300 words/ CSM 2009)

Challenge 9

Topic: Regional Planning

Question 1
Explain the Regional shifts in the world characteristics of urban process. (200
words)
Question 2

Elucidate the role of Tribal Development Blocks In the development of Tribal

Areas. (200 words)
Question 1
Give the hierarchy of planning regions and bring about the role of
metropolitan planning in fostering regional development in India.
Question 2
Differentiate between River basin and command Area. Discuss the advantage
and disadvantage of River Basins as planning regions in India.

Question 1
Examine the geographical bases for growth of regional consciousness and
relionalism. (200 words)
Question 2
Write a note : Role of rural markets in regional development. (200 words)
Question 1
Discuss the objectives of Vision 2020 in creation of viable village
complex in India for inclusive Rural Development programme. (200
words)
Question 2
City regions as territorial unit for regional planning and
development. Elaborate (200 words).

Challenge 19

TOPIC: CULTURAL SETTING

Question

Discuss the causes and consequences of sex-ratio variations in

India. (200 words/ CSM 2006)
Describe the impact of linguistic diversity on the development of
various regions of India. (200 words)
Write a note on Demographic dividend and its implications on
environment. (200 words).
Enumerate the basic indicators of development and explain their
application in identification of spatial diversity in the development in
India. (200 words)

Challenge 23
Topic: Map pointing
Question
On the outline map of india mark the location of all of the following.
Also write the significance of these locations, whether
physical/commercial/economic/ecological/environmental/cultural in
not more than 40 words.
1. Kishenganga 2.Tso moriri 3.Banihal 4.Kangra valley 5.Pong Dam
6. Manikaran 1.Luni 2.Deedwana lake 3.Lipulekh 4.Tehri 5. Rajaji
National Park 6.Kamet 1.Khetri 2.Sariska 3.Gandhi Sagar 4. Vaishno
devi 1.Bhima river 2. Rana pratap sagar 3. Panna hills 4. Koyna
dam 5. Nal sarovar bird sanctuary 6. Ankleshwar

1. Manjra

2.Lonar 3. Girnar hills 4. Burhanpur/ Khandwa gap 5. Kalsubai 1.

Banas
2. Nakki lake 3. Thaga la 4. Jawahar Sagar 5. Keoladeo N.P 1. Burhi
gandak
2. Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar 3. Nathu la 4. Panchet 5. Dudwa N.P
6. Subarnrekha
1.

Rajmahal hills 2. Hirakud 3. Simlipal N.P 4. Balimela Reservoir

1. Gaya

2. Darjeelingvv3. Raniganj 4. New moore island 5. Renukut 1.

Dibang 2. Mikir hills 3. Bomdila 4. Loktak 5. Nokrek biosphere
reserve 1. Amravati 2. Ashtamudi
3. Cardamom hills 4. Palaghat 5. Saddle peak 1. Idukki 2. Silent
valley N.P
3. Kasargod 4. Salem 5. Duncan passage 1.Pachmalai hills 2. Nanda
devi
3. Mana pass 4. Gandhi sagar 5. Desert national park 1. Aravali Range
2. Nagtiba range 3. Nahargarh national park 4.Badrinath 5. Kota
barrage
1. Bhavani 2. Periyar 3.Stanley Reservoir 4.Javadi hills 5.
Shenkotta gap
1. Mandovi
2. Pennuru
3. Linganamakki Reservoir
4. Baba Bhudan Hills
5. Tungabhadra
1. Damodar
2. Chilka
3. Ramgarh hills
4. Malaygiri
5. Konar hydel station

1. Ghagra
2. Sarda
3. Jelep la
4. Farakha barrage
5. Sundarban biosphere reserve
Indravati national park
1.

Sanjay national park

2.

Mahendragiri

3.

Bailadila

4.

Chandipur

Challenge 27
Topic: Economic Geography INDUSTRY
Question 1
Distributional pattern of industries in India does not provide requisite
basis for division of country into distinct Industrial Regions.
Elaborate. (200 words)
Question 1
Explain the role of multinationals in globalization of industries in
India. (200 words)
Question 1
Discuss the problems in realization of benefits of globalization and
liberalization in industrial sector of India. (200 words)
Question
Assess the scope and development of Pharmaceutical Industry in
India. (200 words)

Question 1
Examine the problems and prospects of agro-based industries in
Bihar. (200 words)
Question
Explain the factors promoting the rapid growth and development of
automobile industry in India, giving suitable examples. (200 words)
Question
Analyse the role of policy of liberalization on industrial landscape of
India. (200 words)
Question
Discuss the factors for the localisation of cement industry in india and analyse
the pattern of its distribution. (200 words)
Question
Write a short note on location and growth of fertilizer Industry in
India. (200 words/CSM 1988)
Question
Identify the spatial pattern of agro-industrial region in India.
Analyse the potentiality of Malwa as an important agro-industrial
region of future. (200 words/ CSM 2012)

Challenge 38
Topic: Economic Geography Transport , Communication &
Trade
Question

Assess the growing importance of air transport in India and examine

its role in the regional development of the country.(300 words/CSM
2011)
Question
Examine the role of road transport in regional development taking
suitable examples from an area you have studied in detail. (200
words/CSM 2012)
Question 1
What is the role of Triplet Transport System in the regional
development of India. (300 words/CSM 2009)
Critically examine the complementary and competitive character of
the Indian rail routes and the road network. (300 words/ CSM 1999)
Question
Role of rural market centres in fostering intra and inter-regional trade in
india. (300 words/CSM 1999)
Geographical impediments in the development of Inland waterways
in India. (200 words/ CSM 1996)
Question
Discuss briefly the overall pattern of inter-regional trade in
India. (200 words/ CSM 1993)
Question
Discuss the problems in realization of benefits of globalization and
liberalization in industrial sector of India (Industry Paper II) (150
words/CSM 2013)
Question

Discuss the potentiality and present status of horticulture in the

Western and Central himalaya. (200 words/CSM 2013)
Question
Write about Karewa deposits and their economic significance. (150
words/CSM 2011)
Question
Assess as to how surface water utilisation affects food production
and food security in the country. (300 words/CSM 2010)

Challenge 48
Topic: Economic Geography RESOURCES
Question
Suggest appropriate energy policy for minimising energy crisis in
India. (200 words/CSM 2008)
Question
Identify the important biotic resources regions of India.Highlight, in
brief the problems and remedial measures of biotic-resource
conservation in India. (400 words/CSM 2004)
Question
Examine the resources of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. (200
words/CSM 1998)

Challenge 51
Topic: Economic Geography AGRICULTURE
Question

Explain the method of delineating crop-association regions with

reference to India. (150 words/ CSM 2013)
Question
Divide India into agricultural regions and critically examine the role
of ecological and human factors responsible for transformation of
agricultural economy in any country.(300 words/ CSM 2012)
Question
Write about the prospects of Rainbow Revolution in India. (200
words/CSM 2011)
Question
Discuss the potentiality and status of aqua-culture in the Ganga
Plain. (200 words/CSM 2011)
Question
Discuss the bases of identifying agro-climatic zones and explain the core
strategies for agricultural development. (400 words/CSM 2008)
Map pointing
Challenge 56
Topic: Economic Geography AGRICULTURE
Question
Discuss the cropping patterns in different agricultural regions of
India. (400 words/ CSM 1998)
Question
Divide Pensinsular India into agricultural regions. Explain the basis of
such a regionalisation. (400 words/CSM 1997)
Question
Differentiate between agricultural efficiency and agricultural
productivity and discuss the methods used in the determination of
agricultural efficiency in India. (400 words/ CSM 1994)

Question
Discuss the role of social forestry in any one region of India. (200
words/CSM 1992)
Question
Discuss the role of animal husbandry in the agricultural economy of
India with special reference to any one region. (200 words/CSM
1991)
Question
Give an account of the infrastructural factors necessary for
prompting agricultural development in the dry zones of India with
specific examples. (400 words/CSM 1986)
Question
Write short note : Type of farming. (300 words/CSM 1998)
Question
Write short note : Measures of agricultural efficiency. (250
words/CSM 1993)
Question
Write short note : Land capability versus land use efficiency. (250
words/ CSM 1992)

Challenge 62
Topic: Economic Geography (Various Topics)
Question
Role of Venezuela in the production and export of oil. (200
words/CSM 2013)
Question
Analyse the causes for changes in the pattern of world trade.(400
words/CSM 2013)
Question

Problems faced by industries which developed due to inertia. (200

words/CSM 2012)
Question
Impact of failure of monsoon on Gujarat Agro-climate zone. (250
words/ CSM 2012)
Question
Locational significance of Rotterdam in European economy.(250
words/CSM 2012)
Question
Discuss the role of World Trade organisation in determining the
pattern of world trade. (200 words/CSM 2010)
Question
Provide a geographical account of global production and distribution
of food . (200 words/CSM 2009)
Question
Write short note : Globalization of trade and industry. (300
words/CSM 1996)

Challenge 85
Topic: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY CLIMATOLOGY
Question
Impact of Cryosphere on global Climate. (250 words/CSM 2012)
Question
Differentiate Storm Surge and Seiches. (200 words/CSM 2013)
Question

What are the characteristics that make CHC a serious threat to the
ecosystem? Give examples. (200 words/ CSM 2013)
Question
Bring out the relationship between climate abd vegetation in the
Mountain Biome. (250 words/CSM 2013)
Question
Write a short note on Tropical atmospheric instability .(300
words/csm 2009)
Question 1
With suitable examples, bring out the impact of local winds on the
climate of an area. (250 words)

Challenge 90
Topic: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OCEANOGRAPHY
Question
Atolls present the most challenging explanation in the evolution of
coral reefs, Discuss. (250 words/CSM 2012)
Question
Explain the scientifically sound methods of bathymetry. (200
words/CSM 2010)
Question
Comment on marine heat budget and the oceanic circulation
system. (200 words/CSM 2009)
Question
Write a short note : T-S diagram (200 words/CSM 2000)
Question
Draw a hypsographic curve to represent the major physiographic
units of the ocean and comment on their permanency. (400
words/CSM 1992)

Question
Give a reasoned account of the contents of the Atlantic Ocean and
their impact on the climatic condition of coastal regions. (400
words/CSM 1987)
Differentiate Storm Surges and Seiches. (150 words)

Challenge 96
Topic: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY BIOGEOGRAPHY
Question
Write a short note on Floristic Kingdoms, based on their global
distribution. (200 words/CSM 2010)
Question
Adoptation and distribution of animals in the Ethiopian realm. (200
words/CSM 2012)
Question
Uniqueness of fauna in the Notogean realm. (150 words/CSM 2013)

Challenge 99
Topic: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Physical Setting of INDIA
Question
Discuss the role of spatial pattern of rainfall and temperature in the
delimitation of climatic regions of india, specially with reference to
stamp`s climatic regionalization. (300 words/CSM 2012)

Question
Give reasons as to why rainfall variability is a characteristic feature
of India`s monsoons. (300 words/ CSM 2009)
Question
Give a brief account of the second-order regions of India`s
Peninsular Plateau.(200 words)
Question
Explain the factors responsible for uneven distribution of rainfall in
India. (300 words/CSM 1995)
Question
Give an outline of the geological history of the Peninsular india and
in its term.Explain the salient features of the relief of the areas. (200
words/CSM 1989)

2013
21) Geography 20/11/2013
QUESTIONS: 20/11/2013

1.

The economic development of a country depends as much on

he stage of development of the people as on the able resources.
Discuss this statement with examples. (300 Words)

2.

Asses the comparative geographical importance of the power

resources in the development of industrial landscape of
India. (300 Words)

3.

Present the classification of Oceanic deposits and account for

the origin, types and distribution of Pelagic deposits in the World
Oceans.(300 Words)

20) Geography 19/11/2013

QUESTIONS: 19/11/2013
1.

Critically examine the concept of optimum population. (200

Words)

2.

Linguistic regions in India may have a cultural reality but no

economic base. Examine this view illustrate your answer with
suitable examples.(300 Words)

3.

Discuss the genetic classification of international boundaries.

How does it differ from the morphological classification? (200
Words)

19) Geography 15/11/2013

QUESTIONS: 16/11/2013
1.

Provide a critique of the geographical cycle model,

propounded by Davis. (300 Words)

2.

Write in detail on the concept of biosphere as an

ecosystem. (300 Words)

3.

Write an essay on sustainable development from the

perspective of Geography. (300 Words)

4.

Explain the causes, impacts and remedial measures of

earthquake disaster.(300 Words)

18) Geography 14/11/2013

QUESTIONS: 14/11/2013
1.

Critically examine the development of determinism and

possibilism in Geography. (300 Words)

2.

Discuss the petroleum resources of the Middle East and its

impact on international politics.(300 Words)

3.

Discuss the general distributional pattern of industrial

development in the world and its associated problems. (300
Words)

17. Geography 13/11/2013

QUESTIONS: 13/11/2013
1.

Differentiate between River Basin and Command Area. Discuss

the advantages and disadvantages of River Basins as planning
regions in India. Give concrete examples. (300 Words)

2.

Demarcate the major industrial regions of India and analyse

the structure and contribution to the national economy of any
one of them.(300 Words)

3.

Discuss in detail the Heartland concept of Mackinder and the

criticism it has attracted in recent years. (300 Words)

4.

Discuss the problems of the tribal areas and suggest measures

for solving them. (300 Words)

16. Geography 12/11/2013

QUESTIONS: 12/11/2013
1.

Discuss the role of languages in regional consciousness and

national integration in India.(300 Words)

2.

Discuss the cropping patterns in different agricultural regions

of India. (300 Words)

3.

Critically examine the locational pattern and trend of

production of forest based industries in India (200 Words)

4.

Examine critically the theories of the formation of coral reefs

and atolls. (300 Words)

15. Geography 08/11/2013

1.

Give a critical assessment of the concept of rural urban fringe.

What criteria would you suggest to democrat the rural urban
fringe of Indian cities? (300 Words)

2.

The direct effect of physical factors on the distribution of

population tends to decline as civilization becomes more
advanced. Discuss this statement. (300 Words)

3.

Account for the causes of soil erosion in India and discuss the
method to control it. (200 Words)

4.

The economic development of a country depends as much on

he stage of development of the people as on the able resources.
Discuss this statement with examples. (300 Words)

14. Geography 04/11/2013

QUESTIONS: 08/11/2013
1.

Explain the term resource management. Discuss its relevance

in the context of global resource scarcity and the future of
mankind. (300 Words)

2.

Examine the impact of advanced agricultural technology on

environment. Support your answer with examples. (300 Words)

3.

Critically examine the problems and prospects of tribal areas in

India. (300 Words)

4.

Discuss the cropping patterns in different agricultural regions

of India. (300 Words)

13. Geography 03/11/2013

QUESTIONS: 07/11/2013
1.

Discuss the major international streams of migration in the

world in recent times and account for the relationship that exists
between population pressure areas and migration
prospects. (300 Words)

2.

Answer any three of the following in about 250 words each:

(a) Explain the geographical factors responsible for the growth of
mangrove vegetation in India and discuss its role in coastal
ecology.
(b) Elucidate the current population policy of India and comment
on its effectiveness.
(c) Explain the role of institutional factors in the development of
agriculture in India.

3.

Critically examine the marine resources of India and discuss

the problems
encountered in their development. (300 Words)

12. Geography 02/11/2013

QUESTIONS: 02/01/2013
1.

Examine the theories about population control and explain the

relative merits of these theories in limiting population
growth. (300 Words)

2.

Write a short note on Land-use characteristics of the rural

urban fringe in India. (200 Words)

3.

Explain, with the help of suitable examples and illustrations,

the distribution of various patterns of rural settlements in
India (300 Words)

11. Geography 01/11/2013

QUESTIONS: 01/11/2013
1.

Suggest appropriate energy policy for minimizing energy

crisis in India. (200 words)

2.

Enumerate alternative strategies of planning for backward

regions. (200 words)

3.

Discuss the application of Geomorphology in the fields of

mineral & oil exploration and hydrology. (250 words)

Map Entries (30 words)

a. Sagar Island
b. Gulf of Mannar
c. Mullaperiyar
d. Rameswaram
e. Bodh Gaya
f. Lepakshi
g. Melagiri
h. Bhagirathi

10. Geography 31/10/2013

QUESTIONS: 31/10/2013
1.

Extinction of species is an inherent natural ecological

process that operates at much larger scale while man-induced
extinction is a myth. Examine this statement in the light of
major mass extinctions in the geological history. (300 words)

2.

Write a short note on faunal regions, based on their global

distribution (200 words)

3.

Provide a broad classification of world cultural regions. (CSM

2009, 300 words)

Map Entries (30 words)

a. Vypin
b. Divar
c. Kudankulam
d. Bhaidar
e. Achankovil
f. Kedarnath
g. Jetpur
h. Noyyal

9. Geography 30/10/2013
QUESTIONS:30/10/2013 (Paper-I and II)

1.

Identify the spatial pattern of fertilizer consumption in India.

Also examine the rationale behind balanced fertilizer use in India.
(300 words)

2.

Analyse the food security concerns of world in reference to

changing demand. (300 words)

3.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands are potential site for multiple

hazards, Discuss. (300 Words)

4.

Bring out the potential impacts, vulnerability and resilience of

fisheries sector to climate change in India. (300 Words)

8. Geography 28/10/2013
QUESTIONS: 28/10/2013
1.

Assess the scope and development of agricultural machinery

and equipment industry in India. (300 Words)

2.

Write a note on impact of land tenure on agricultural

productivity in India. (200 Words)

3.

Identify the ravine affected areas in India and discuss the

environmental and economic impact of their reclamation. (300
Words)

7. Geography 26/10/2013

QUESTIONS:26/10/2013 (Paper-I)
1.

Write a short note on the relevance of Distance Decay principle

in India cities. (150 Words)

2.

Though 70% of Indian population is rural, urban planning is

crucial for the development of India. Discuss (300 Words)

3.

Write a note on the effect of above normal Monsoon rainfall in

the Eastern Himalayan Agro Climatic region. (150 Words)

4.

Quantitative revolution and model building provided an

empirical basis for geographical research. Elaborate (300
Words)

6. Geography 25/10/2013
QUESTIONS: 25/10/2013 Paper-I
1.

Write a short note on the similarities in the population

distribution of Southern continents and reasons for the
same (150 Words)

2.

Impact of changing fertility ratio on world population

distribution. (250 Words)

3.

Locational significance of Panama canal to Central American

countries. (150 Words)

5. Geography 24/10/2013
QUESTIONS: 24/10/2013 (Paper-I Regional
Planning/Environmental Geography; Political Geography)
1.

Discus the relevance of watershed as an ecosystem for the

purpose of sustainable development. (300 Words)

2.

Distinguish between boundaries and frontiers. Identify different

types of boundaries. (300 Words)

4. Geography Daily Answer Writing Challenge Day-4

QUESTIONS: 23/10/2013
1.

How do slums develop? Give concrete suggestion for their

development. (300 Words)

2.

Discus the geographical control of rural settlement patterns in

India.(300 Words)

3.

Bring out the trends in the development of fertilizer industry in

India.(300 Words)

3.

Geography Daily Answer Writing Challenge Day 3

QUESTIONS: 22/10/2013 (Paper-II, Topics Migration-Regional

Development; Urbanization)
1.

Discuss the spatial pattern of intra-regional migration in India

and examine its implications in Regional Development. (300
Words)

2.

Discuss the problems of environmental degradation generated

by Urban wastes in India. (300 Words)

2. Geography Daily Answer Writing Challenge Day 2

QUESTIONS; 21/10/2013 (Paper-II -Topics: Industries; Planning)

1.

Bring out the impact of multinationals and liberalization on the

industrial pattern/ economy of India. ( 300 Words)

2.

Explain the concept of multi-level planning in India. (300

Words)

1. Geography Daily Answer Writing Challenge Day 1

QUESTIONS: 19/10/2013 (PAPER-II: Topics 2. Resources
Water; 6. Cultural setting Population problems..)
1.

Assess as to how surface water utilization affects food

production and food security in the country. (2010/300 Words)

2.

Explain how Demographic Transition created Demographic

Divide in contemporary India? (2010/300 Words)

2014

Geomorphology
1) Analyses the sequential development of landforms in either Karst or
Coastal region.
2) Discuss, with examples, the influence of vulcanism anddiastrophism on
the evolution of landscape.
3) Explain the factors causing rejuvenation in landscape and describe the
resultant landform.
1.

Discuss the concept of cycle of erosion and bring out clearly

the difference between the views of Davis and Penck.

2.

Discuss the limitations of the theory of Continental Drift and

show how the theory of Plate Tectonics is an improvement over
it

3.

Discuss the processes of mechanical and chemical weathering

and show their relationship with soil formation.

1.

Discuss the concept of polycyclic landforms and present an

analytical study of the polycyclic landforms of a selected region.

2.

Discuss the concept of volcanicity and show how the theory of

Plate Tectonics explains the mechanism of volcanism and
volcanic eruptions.
3. 1. Present a critical analysis of the theory of isostasy. (450 Words)
4. 2. Explain the sequential development of landforms associated with the
coastal areas. (450 Words)

1. Structure is a dominant control factor in the evolution of Landforms

Discuss with suitable examples. (450 Words)

1.

Answer in 450 words each:

(a)Highlight the geomorphic features essentially found in topographies

under the Second Cycle of Erosion.
(b)Discuss views on slope development provided by L.C.King.
1) Bring out the relevance of seismic study in determining the structure of
earths interiors (400 Words)
2) Name the climatically controlled agents of erosion. Explain how they differ
in terms of properties of matter. Compare their landforms produced by each
one of them (250 Words)
3) Palaeozoic glacial evidence for Continental Drift. (150 Words)
1) Explain how Bosche and Haldenhang lead to the Theory of Slope
Replacement. (400 Words)
2) Characteristics of the standard epigene cycle of erosion. (250 words)
3) Programmes initiated by the International Council of Science on Earth
System Studies. (250 words)
Answer in about 400 words:
1) Explain the origin, distribution and characteristics of tropical cyclones.
2) Discuss the origin, movements and characteristics of air masses and explain
their role in influencing world climates.
3) Explain the basis of Koppens classification of climates. Also mention its
merits and limitations.
Answer in 400 words:

1) Explain and illustrate the life-cycle of a temperate cyclone and also describe
the weather associated with it.
2) Define air masses. How do they originate? Classify them and state the
characteristics of any one type.
Answer in about 400 words:
1) Discuss the nature and composition of earths atmosphere.
2) Make a comparative study of the tropical and temperate cyclones.
3) Discuss the distribution of precipitation in the world.

1) Discuss the mechanism and significance of tricellular meridional circulation

of atmosphere. (400 Words)
2) Discuss the development of local winds, and their influence on local
weather, giving three examples of the well-known local winds in the world.
(400 Words)
1) Discuss the mechanism and origin of Monsoon winds and explain the role
of El Nino on Monsoon circulation. (400 Words)
2) How does Climate Change affect urban areas ?(400 Words)
1) What is polar front and How does cyclone develop along this front ?
Describe the weather conditions associated with it. (250 Words)
2) Examine the various kinds of atmospheric humidity and their associated
forms. (250 Words)

1) Write a note on the Impact of Cryosphere on global climate. (250 words)

2) Give a reasoned account of the distribution of salinity in the oceans and
partially enclosed seas. (250 Words)
1) Explain the illustrate the ocean floor topography and give a detailed account
of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. (400 Words)
2) Examine critically the theories of the formation of coral reefs and atolls.
(300 Words)
3) Explain and illustrate the submarine relief of the Atlantic Ocean. (400
Words)
1) Give an account of global distribution of precipitation. (250 Words)
2) Contemporary global climate change is an anthropogenic phenomenon.
Discuss. (250 Words)
3) Compare and contrast tropical cyclone and temperate cyclone. (250
Words)
1) Explain and illustrate the life-cycle of a temperate cyclone and also describe
the weather associated with it. (300 Words)
2) Examine critically the drawbacks of Koppens Classification of climates.
Explain how Thornthwaite attempted to overcome Koppens limitations. (300
Words)
1) Discuss the different bases for classifying the ocean deposits and give a
detailed account of pelagic deposits of the oceans.(300 Words)

2) Describe the ideal conditions for coral reef formation and discuss the glacial
control theory of coral reef formation. (300 Words)
1) Examine economic significance of the resources of the Continental shelf of
the Indian Ocean. ( 300 Words)
2) Comment on marine heat budget and the oceanic circulation system. (300
Words)
1) Temperature, salinity and density differences in ocean water are the
prime causes of ocean water circulation. Elaborate. (250 Words)
2) Atolls present the most challenging explanation in the evolution of coral
reefs. Discuss ( 250 words)
1) Indicate the major biotic regions of the world and discuss the ecological
aspects of the monsoon region. (300 Words)
2) Man must realize the importance of maximizing agricultural production
without destroying the ecological basis on which our entire food production
system rests. Explain with examples. (300 Words)
1) Present a classification of the soils of the world and give their economic
significance. (300 Words)
2) Discuss the relevance of watershed as an ecosystem for the purpose of
sustainable development. (300 Words)
1) Present a critical analysis of the theory of isostasy. (300 Words)
2) Examine economic significance of the resources of the Continental shelf of
the Indian Ocean. (200 Words)

3) Write a short note on Adaptation and distribution of animals in the

Ethiopian realm. (200 Words)
1) Compare the structure and associated weather conditions of tropical
cyclone with that of temperate cyclone. (300 Words)
2) Discuss the mechanism and origin of Monsoon winds and explain the role
of El Nino on Monsoon circulation. (300 Words)
3) Write a short note on the Different layers of ocean water above abyssal
plain. (200 Words)
1) Give a brief account of the principal land biomes and their latitudinal
distribution. (300 Words)
2) Write a short note on Floristic kingdoms based on their global distribution
(200 Words)
3) Write an essay on sustainable development from the perspective of
geography. (400 Words)
1) How would the impact of global warming differ from one part of the earth to
another Give a reasoned account. (300 Words)
2) Bring out the major problems of environmental pollution at global scale
and suggest measures to check it. (300 Words)
3) Discuss how different types of mining lead to different types of
environmental problem (400 words)
1) Classify airmass and explain how cP airmass affects global climate (400
words)

2) Write a short note on Methods (Scientifically sound) of bathymetry and

account of bottom topography of Atlantic Ocean. (200 Words)
1) Quantitative Revolution and model building provided an empirical basis
for geographical research Elaborate.
2) Critically examine the method of deriving Human development index.
3) Critically examine the changing perspective of the concept of areal
differences.
1) Define ecosystem and describe briefly its various components. Also discuss
how and to what extent the modern man has affected the various types of
ecosystems.
2) Define the term biome. List the terrestrial biomes and describe the
characteristics of Savanna biome.
3) Discuss how different types of mining lead to different types of
environmental
1) Discuss the main features of the climatic classification system evolved by
Koppen. Also point out its anomalies.
2) How does Climate Change affect urban areas ?Examine.
3) Comment on marine heat budget and the oceanic circulation system.
1) Examine critically the concepts of determinism; and possibilism. Bring out
the significance of regional concept.

2) The emergence of Behavioural Geography was due to the disillusionment

with axioms on which models were based and the axioms were far removed
from reality. Comment.
3) Discuss the concept and application of systems analysis in human
geography.

2015
1.

Analyse the sequential development of landforms in either

Karst or Coastal region. (300 Words)

2.

Discuss, with examples, the influence of vulcanism and

diastrophism on the evolution of landscape (300 Words)

3.

Explain the factors causing rejuvenation in landscape and

describe the resultant landform. (300 Words)

1) Discuss the concept of cycle of erosion and bring out clearly the difference
between the views of Davis and Penck.
2) Discuss the limitations of the theory of Continental Drift and show how the
theory of Plate Tectonics is an improvement over it.

3) Discuss the processes of mechanical and chemical weathering and show

their relationship with soil formation.