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Reflections of Graphs of Functions

The document discusses various transformations that can be applied to graphs of functions, including reflections across the x-axis or y-axis, vertical and horizontal stretching and shrinking by multiplying the input or output by a constant, and vertical and horizontal translations by adding or subtracting a constant from the input or output. Each transformation is explained as changing the size, shape, or position of the original graph in a specific way while maintaining the same overall form.

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محمد أحمد عبدالوهاب محمد
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67 views

Reflections of Graphs of Functions

The document discusses various transformations that can be applied to graphs of functions, including reflections across the x-axis or y-axis, vertical and horizontal stretching and shrinking by multiplying the input or output by a constant, and vertical and horizontal translations by adding or subtracting a constant from the input or output. Each transformation is explained as changing the size, shape, or position of the original graph in a specific way while maintaining the same overall form.

Uploaded by

محمد أحمد عبدالوهاب محمد
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRANSFORMATIONS OF FUNCTIONS

REFLECTIONS OF GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS


Given graphs:

Reflections across the x axis


(vertical flip)
Given the graph of y=f(x), the
graph of y=–f(x) is exactly the
same size and shape, but is the
mirror image across the x-axis.

Reflections across the y axis


(horizontal flip)
Given the graph of y=f(x), the
graph of y=f(–x) is exactly the
same size and shape, but is the
mirror image across the y-axis.
VERTICAL SCALING (STRETCHING/SHRINKING) OF THE GRAPH OF A FUNCTION

Given graphs:

Vertical Stretching
Given the graph of y=f(x), the
graph of y= af(x), a>1, has
vertical values which are a times
the vertical values of y=f(x) for
the corresponding horizontal
values. The graph is now
“taller.”

The following graphs have been


vertically stretched by a factor of
2. (Twice as tall) y=2f(x)

Vertical Shrinking
Given the graph of y=f(x), the
graph of y=af(x), 0<a<1, has
vertical values which are a times
the vertical values of y=f(x) for
the corresponding horizontal
values. The graph is now
“shorter.”

The following graphs have been


vertically shrunk by a factor of 2.
1
(Half as tall) y= f(x)
2
HORIZONTAL SCALING (STRETCHING/SHRINKING) OF THE GRAPH OF A FUNCTION

Given graphs:

Horizontal Stretching
Given the graph of y=f(x), the
graph of y=f(b x), 0<b<1, has
horizontal values which are 1/b
times the horizontal values of
y=f(x) for the corresponding
vertical values. The graph is now
“wider.”
The following graphs have been
horizontally stretched by a factor
1
of 2. (Twice as wide) y=f( x)
2

Horizontal Shrinking
Given the graph of y=f(x), the
graph of y=f(bx), b>1, has
horizontal values which are 1/b
times the horizontal values of
y=f(x) for the corresponding
vertical values. The graph is now
“skinnier.”
The following graphs have been
horizontally shrunk by a factor of
2. (Half as wide) y=f(2x)
VERTICAL TRANSLATIONS (SHIFTS) OF GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS

Given graphs:

Vertical Shift Up
Given the graph of y=f(x), the
graph of y=f(x)+d, d >0,
is exactly the same size and
shape as y=f(x), but moved
upward d units.

The following graphs have been


shifted up 2 units. y=f(x)+2
Vertical Shift Down
Given the graph of y=f(x), the
graph of y=f(x) –d, d >0,
is exactly the same size and
shape as y=f(x), but moved
downward d units.

The following graphs have been


shifted down 2 units. y=f(x) –2

HORIZONTAL TRANSLATIONS (SHIFTS) OF GRAPHS OF FUNCTIONS

Given graphs:

Horizontal Shift Left


Given the graph of y=f(x), the
graph of y=f(x+c), c >0,
is exactly the same size and
shape as y=f(x), but moved
left c units.

The following graphs have been


shifted left 2 units. y=f(x+2)
Horizontal Shift Right
Given the graph of y=f(x), the
graph of y=f(x– c), c >0,
is exactly the same size and
shape as y=f(x), but moved
right c units.

The following graphs have been


shifted right 2 units. y=f(x–2)

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