CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

PROBLEM EXERCISES
A 12 amperes electric fan and blower with a power factor of 0.85 was
connected to a 240 volts convenient outlet. Calculate the power in the
circuit.
Given: Appliance = electric fan
Current = 12 amp
Power factor= 0.85
Required: Current and power in the circuit
Solution:
Power (watts) = volts x amperes x power factor
= 240 volts x 12 amp x 0.85
= 2,448 watts

An electric motor has a nameplate rating of 2 horsepower, 240 volts, and 15

amperes. Calculate the motor power factor assuming a motor efficiency of
85%. Also compute for the motor power input..
Given: Appliance = electric motor
Power = 2 hp
Voltage = 240
Current = 15 amperes
Required: Motor power factor
Solutions:
Efficiency = Output / Input
Input = 2 hp x 746 watts/hp / 0.85
= 1755 watts
Power Factor = Power / (volt x ampere)
= 1755 / (240 volts x 15 amp )
= 0.4875
Power Input = volt x ampere
= 240 volt x 15 amp
= 3,600 volt-ampere

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

Determine the current flow in a circuit having a resistance of 5 ohms on a

120 volt and 240 volt current supply.
Given: Volt 1 = 120 volts
Volt 2 = 240 volts
Resistance = 5 ohms
Required: Current
Solution:
(a) For 120 volt
I =V/R
= 120 volt / 5 amp
= 24 amp
(b) For 240 volt
I =V/R
= 240 volt / 5 amp
= 48 amp

A circuit has a resistance of 20 ohms and the current flows at 12 amperes.

Determine the voltage.
Given: Resistance = 20 ohms
Current = 12 amperes
Required: Voltage
Solution:
Voltage = Current x Resistance
= 12 amperes x 20 ohms
= 240 volts

Two automobile headlights are connected in series to a 12 volt battery each

having a resistance of 1 ohm. What is the current flowing in the circuit?
Given: Appliance = 2 auto headlights
Voltage = 12 volt
Resistance = 1 ohm
Required: Current flowing
Solution: R = R1 + R2
I =V/R
= 12 volts / 2 ohms
= 6 amperes

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

A mercury lamp having a hot resistance of 50 ohms is connected to a socket

with 240-volt current supply. How much current flows through the lamp?
Calculate the power drawn.
Given: Appliance = mercury lamp
Resistance = 50 ohms
Voltage = 240 volt
Required: Current flows through the lamp
Power drawn
Solution:
I =V/R
= 240 volt / 50 ohms
= 4.8 amperes
W = V I x pf
= 240 volts x 4.8 amperes x 1.0
= 1152 watts
W = I2 R
= (4.8 amp) 2 x 50 ohms
= 1152 watts

A water heater draws 10 amperes at 240 volt current supply. Determine its
heat resistance.
Given: Appliance = water heater
Current = 10 amperes
Voltage = 240 volt
Required: Heat resistance
Solution:
R =VI
= 240 V / 10 amperes
= 24 ohms

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

Determine the monthly energy consumption of the following appliances

below: If the average cost of energy is P5.00 per kwh, what is the total cost
of the energy used in 30-day consumption?
Given:
Appliance Load Daily Used
Electric Iron 1200 watts 2 hours
Water heater 1000 watts 3 hours
Toaster 2300 watts 30 minutes

Required: Monthly energy consumption

Solution:

Electric Iron = 1200 x 2 / 1000

= 2.4 kw-hr
Water heater = 1000 x 3 / 1000
= 3.0 kw-hr
Toaster = 1300 x 0.5 hr / 1000
= 0.65 kw-hr
Total Energy = 2.4 kw-hr + 3.0 kw-hr x 0.65 kw-hr
= 6.05 kw-hr
Total Cost = 6.50 kw-hr/day x 30 days / month x P5.00/kwhr
= P 907.50

A 100-watt light bulb is used continuously for 8 hr. How much electric
energy is used? If the cost of electricity is P7.00 per kw hour, how much is
the cost for 2 months period at 20 days per month operation?
Given: Appliance = light bulb
Power = 100 watt
Time Used = 8 hours
Required: Electric energy
Solution: Energy = Power x Time
= 800 kw x 8 hours
= 0.8 kw-hr
Cost = 0.80 kw-hr x 20 days x 2 months x P7.00/kw-hr
= P224.00

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

What is the equivalent size in square millimeter of a cable 250 MCM?

Given: Cable size = 250 MCM
Required: Equivalent size of cable in square mm
Solution:
Circular mill = 250 MCM x 1000 circular mill/MCM
= 250,000 circular mill
Square mm = CM x 0.0005067
= 126.67 mm2
It requires a force of 200 newtons (45 lb) to pull the boat, and the boat is
moved 5 meters (16.4 ft). How much work is done in moving the boat?
Given: Force = 200 newtons
Distance = 5 meters
Required: Work (W)
Solution: W = 200 newtons x 5 meters
= 1000 newton-meters
= 1000 joules

What is the efficiency of a light bulb which uses 1000 joules of electric
energy to produce 200 joules of light energy?
Given: Energy in = 1000 joules
Energy out = 200 joules
Required: % eff.
200 joules
Solution: % eff. = ------------------ x 100
1000 joules
= 0.2 x 100
= 20

What is the efficiency of an electric generator that produces 5000 joules of

electric energy from the 7000 joules of mechanical energy used to rotate the
generator?
Given: Energy in = 7000 joules
Energy out = 5000 joules
Required: % eff.
5000 joules
Solution: % eff. = ------------------ x 100
7000 joules
= 0.714 x 100
= 71.4

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

Determine the potential energy (W) of 1 6-volt (6-V) battery that has 3000
coulombs (3000 C) of charge (Q) stored in it.
Given: V=6V
Q = 3000 C
Required: W
Solution: W = 6 V x 3000 C
= 18,000 joules (J)

What is the resistance, at 20C, of an electric motor winding that uses 200
meters of copper conductor which is 0.26 square centimeter (approximately
3/16 in. by 3/16 in.)? The resistivity of copper at 20C is 0.00000172 ohm-
centimeter.
Given: K = 0.00000172 ohm-centimeter
L = 20,000 centimeters
A = 0.26 square centimeter
Required: R
0.00000172 -cm x 20,000 cm
Solution: R = ---------------------------------------------
0.26 sq cm
R = 0.132 ohm

What is the power rating of an electric device that converts 940 joules of
energy in 10 seconds?
Given: W = 940 joules (J)
t = 10 seconds (s)
Required: P
940 J
Solution: P = ---------- = 94 joules per second
10 s

How much energy is required to operate a 60-watt lamp for 30 minutes?

Given: Power (P) = 60 watts (W)
Time (t) = 30 minutes
Required: Energy (W)
Solution: Since there are 60 seconds in a minute, 30 minutes equals
30 x 60 = 1800 seconds (s)
W = 60 W x 1800 s
= 108,000 watt-seconds
= 108,000 joules (J)

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

What is the efficiency of a radio receiver that requires 4 watts of electric

power input to deliver 0.5 watt of power output?
Given: Pin = 4 watts )W)
Pout = 0.5 watts (W)
Required: % eff.
0.5 W
Solution: % eff. = ----------- x 100
4W
= 0.125 x 100
= 12.5

How much power input is required to operate a stereo amplifier producing

50 watts of output power that is 30 percent efficient?
Given: Pout = 50 watts (W)
% eff. = 30
Required: Pin
50 W
Solution: Pin = ----------- x 100
30
= 1.7 W x 100
= 170 W

How much energy is used by a 1200-watt heater in 4 hours of continuous

operation?
Given: Power (P) = 1200 watts (W)
Time (t) = 4 hours (h)
Required: Energy (W)
Solution: W = 1200 W x 4 h
= 4800 Wh
What is the efficiency of a ¾-horsepower (hp) motor that requires an input
of 1000 watts (W) of electric power?
Given: Power input (Pin) = 1000 W
Power out (Pout) = ¾ hp
Solution: ¾ hp = 0.75 hp
Pout = 0.75 hp x 746 W/hp
= 559.5 W
559.5 W
% eff. = ---------------- x 100
1000 W
= 55.95

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

Calculate the amount of current flowing to an electric water heater having a

23-ohm heater circuit and an input voltage of 230 volts.
Given: Appliance - Electric water heater
Resistance - 23 ohms
Voltage - 230 volt
Required: current flowing
Solution:
I = E/R
= 230/23
= 10

A certain electric toaster draws 4 amp of electric current when it is

connected to a 220-volt source. What is the resistance of the toaster’s
heating element?
Given: Appliance = Electric toaster
Voltage = 220 volt
Current = 4 amperes
Required: Resistance
Solution:
4 = 220/R
R = 220/4
= 55

Voltage is 120 volts, Current is 10 amp, and Time is 6 hrs. Determine

energy usage.
Given: Voltage = 120 volts
Current = 10 amperes
Time = 6 hours
Required: Energy usage
Solution:
Energy = 120 volt x 10 amp x 6 hours
= 7,200 watt-hour
= 7.2 kw-hr

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

Determine the Kwhr used for operating 2 motors at their rated capacity for
10 hrs. Motor rating are 2 & ¼ hp
Given: Appliance - electric motors
Motor A - 2 hp
Motor B - ¼ hp
Operation - 10 hours
Required: Kw-hr used
Solution:
Motor A = 1,000 watts/hp x 2 hp
= 2,000 watts
Motor B = 1,200 watts/hp x ¼ hp
= 300 watts
Total Wattage = (2000 watts + 300 watts) x 10 hrs / 1000
= 23 kw-hr

An electric motor is being tested for measuring energy consumption in the

house. All electrical equipment are turned off. The Kwhr-meter disk
revolutions are counted for a period of 6 minutes. The disk makes 20
revolutions and the Kh factor of the meter is 2.5. What is the power input to
the motor.
Given: Revolution of Disk = 20 rev
Measurement Time = 6 minutes
Kh factor = 2.5
Required: Motor power input
Solution:
Watthours = Kh x revolutions
= 2.5 x 20 rev
= 50 watt-hour
Watthours per hr = 50 watt-hour x 60 min/hr / 6 minutes
= 500 watts
Power input = 500 watts / 1000
= 0.5 kw

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

A dwelling has a floor area of 150 m2 exclusion of unoccupied basement and

open porches. It has 12 Kw range. Compute the general lighting
requirement at 24 w/m2 and the minimum branch circuit required.
Given: Floor area - 150 m2
Appliance - range
Power input - 12 Kw
Required: General lighting and Minimum branch circuit required
Solution:
General lighting load (24W/m2)
= 150 m2 x 24W/m2
= 3,600 watts

Minimum # of Branch Circuit Required

= 3,600W / 230 V
= 15.6 Amp (Use one 20-A 2 wire circuit )

Determine the number of outlets required for a room having a dimension of

12 ft x 12 ft.
Given: Floor dimension - 12 ft x 12 ft
Required: Number of outlet required
Solution:
No. of outlets = (12 ft + 12 ft + 12 ft + 12 ft) / 20
= 2.4 or 2 duplex receptacles

How many duplex receptacle is needed for a 12 x 14 ft room?

Given: Floor dimension = (12 ft + 14 ft + 12 ft + 14 ft )
Required: Number of duplex receptacles
Solution:
Number of Outlets = (12 + 14 + 12 + 14) /20
= 2.6 or 3 duplex receptacle

There were 43 general purpose outlets in a certain residence. How many 15

amp. Branch circuit are needed?
Given: No. of outlets = 43
Current = 15 amp
Required: Branch circuit
Solution:
No. of Branch circuit = 43 outlets / 10
= 4.3 or use 5 branch circuits

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

There were 13 small appliances in a residence. How many 20-amp branch

circuits are required?
Given: No of appliances = 12
Required: No. of 20 branch circuit required
Solution:
No of branch circuit = 13 appliances / 8
= 1.6 use 2 circuits

A proposed brooder house is planned for 1200 baby chicks. Electric

underheat brooders will be used. What will be the value of the electrical load
of this building?
Given: No. of chick s = 1200
Appliance = underheat brooder
Required: total electric load
Solution:
Heat load = 3 Watts /chick x 1,200
= 3600 watts

Compute for the voltage loss in line for a 120-V input, 8-amp current over
200 feet using #14 AWG wire.
Given: Input voltage - 120 volt
Current - 8 amp
Length of wire - 200 feet
Wires size - AWG # 14
Required: voltage loss
Solution:

Voltage loss = I x R
= 8Amp x 0.516
= 4.128 volts x 2
= 8.256 V lost in line

Voltage at appliance = 120 volt – 8.256 volt

= 111.744 volt

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

It requires a force of 200 newtons (45 lb) to pull the boat, and the boat is
moved 5 meters (16.4 ft). How much work is done in moving the boat?
Given: Force = 200 newtons
Distance = 5 meters
Required: Work (W)
Solution: W = 200 newtons x 5 meters
= 1000 newton-meters
= 1000 joules

What is the efficiency of a light bulb which uses 1000 joules of electric
energy to produce 200 joules of light energy?
Given: Energy in = 1000 joules
Energy out = 200 joules
Required: % eff.
200 joules
Solution: % eff. = ------------------ x 100
1000 joules
= 0.2 x 100
= 20

What is the efficiency of an electric generator that produces 5000 joules of

electric energy from the 7000 joules of mechanical energy used to rotate the
generator?
Given: Energy in = 7000 joules
Energy out = 5000 joules
Required: % eff.
5000 joules
Solution: % eff. = ------------------ x 100
7000 joules
= 0.714 x 100
= 71.4

Determine the potential energy (W) of 1 6-volt (6-V) battery that has 3000
coulombs (3000 C) of charge (Q) stored in it.
Given: V=6V
Q = 3000 C
Required: W
Solution: W = 6 V x 3000 C
= 18,000 joules (J)

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

What is the resistance, at 20C, of an electric motor winding that uses 200
meters of copper conductor which is 0.26 square centimeter (approximately
3/16 in. by 3/16 in.)? The resistivity of copper at 20C is 0.00000172 ohm-
centimeter.
Given: K = 0.00000172 ohm-centimeter
L = 20,000 centimeters
A = 0.26 square centimeter
Required: R
0.00000172 -cm x 20,000 cm
Solution: R = ---------------------------------------------
0.26 sq cm
R = 0.132 ohm

What is the power rating of an electric device that converts 940 joules of
energy in 10 seconds?
Given: W = 940 joules (J)
t = 10 seconds (s)
Required: P
940 J
Solution: P = ---------- = 94 joules per second
10 s

How much energy is required to operate a 60-watt lamp for 30 minutes?

Given: Power (P) = 60 watts (W)
Time (t) = 30 minutes
Required: Energy (W)
Solution: Since there are 60 seconds in a minute, 30 minutes equals
30 x 60 = 1800 seconds (s)
W = 60 W x 1800 s
= 108,000 watt-seconds
= 108,000 joules (J)

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

What is the efficiency of a radio receiver that requires 4 watts of electric

power input to deliver 0.5 watt of power output?
Given: Pin = 4 watts )W)
Pout = 0.5 watts (W)
Required: % eff.
0.5 W
Solution: % eff. = ----------- x 100
4W
= 0.125 x 100
= 12.5

How much power input is required to operate a stereo amplifier producing

50 watts of output power that is 30 percent efficient?
Given: Pout = 50 watts (W)
% eff. = 30
Required: Pin
50 W
Solution: Pin = ----------- x 100
30
= 1.7 W x 100
= 170 W

How much energy is used by a 1200-watt heater in 4 hours of continuous

operation?
Given: Power (P) = 1200 watts (W)
Time (t) = 4 hours (h)
Required: Energy (W)
Solution: W = 1200 W x 4 h
= 4800 Wh
What is the efficiency of a ¾-horsepower (hp) motor that requires an input
of 1000 watts (W) of electric power?
Given: Power input (Pin) = 1000 W
Power out (Pout) = ¾ hp
Solution: ¾ hp = 0.75 hp
Pout = 0.75 hp x 746 W/hp
= 559.5 W
559.5 W
% eff. = ---------------- x 100
1000 W
= 55.95

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

It requires a force of 200 newtons (45 lb) to pull the boat, and the boat is
moved 5 meters (16.4 ft). How much work is done in moving the boat?
Given: Force = 200 newtons
Distance = 5 meters
Required: Work (W)
Solution: W = 200 newtons x 5 meters
= 1000 newton-meters
= 1000 joules

What is the efficiency of a light bulb which uses 1000 joules of electric
energy to produce 200 joules of light energy?

Given: Energy in = 1000 joules

Energy out = 200 joules
Required: % eff.
200 joules
Solution: % eff. = ------------------ x 100
1000 joules
= 0.2 x 100
= 20

What is the efficiency of an electric generator that produces 5000 joules of

electric energy from the 7000 joules of mechanical energy used to rotate the
generator?
Given: Energy in = 7000 joules
Energy out = 5000 joules
Required: % eff.
5000 joules
Solution: % eff. = ------------------ x 100
7000 joules
= 0.714 x 100
= 71.4

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

Determine the potential energy (W) of 1 6-volt (6-V) battery that has 3000
coulombs (3000 C) of charge (Q) stored in it.
Given: V=6V
Q = 3000 C
Required: W
Solution: W = 6 V x 3000 C
= 18,000 joules (J)

What is the resistance, at 20C, of an electric motor winding that uses 200
meters of copper conductor which is 0.26 square centimeter (approximately
3/16 in. by 3/16 in.)? The resistivity of copper at 20C is 0.00000172 ohm-
centimeter.
Given: K = 0.00000172 ohm-centimeter
L = 20,000 centimeters
A = 0.26 square centimeter
Required: R
0.00000172 -cm x 20,000 cm
Solution: R = ---------------------------------------------
0.26 sq cm
R = 0.132 ohm

What is the power rating of an electric device that converts 940 joules of
energy in 10 seconds?
Given: W = 940 joules (J)
t = 10 seconds (s)
Required: P
940 J
Solution: P = ---------- = 94 joules per second
10 s

How much energy is required to operate a 60-watt lamp for 30 minutes?

Given: Power (P) = 60 watts (W)
Time (t) = 30 minutes
Required: Energy (W)
Solution: Since there are 60 seconds in a minute, 30 minutes equals
30 x 60 = 1800 seconds (s)
W = 60 W x 1800 s
= 108,000 watt-seconds
= 108,000 joules (J)

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

What is the efficiency of a radio receiver that requires 4 watts of electric

power input to deliver 0.5 watt of power output?

Given: Pin = 4 watts )W)

Pout = 0.5 watts (W)
Required: % eff.
0.5 W
Solution: % eff. = ----------- x 100
4W
= 0.125 x 100
= 12.5

How much power input is required to operate a stereo amplifier producing

50 watts of output power that is 30 percent efficient?

Given: Pout = 50 watts (W)

% eff. = 30
Required: Pin
50 W
Solution: Pin = ----------- x 100
30
= 1.7 W x 100
= 170 W

How much energy is used by a 1200-watt heater in 4 hours of continuous

operation?
Given: Power (P) = 1200 watts (W)
Time (t) = 4 hours (h)
Required: Energy (W)
Solution: W = 1200 W x 4 h
= 4800 Wh

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio

CPU Agricultural Engineering Department

What is the efficiency of a ¾-horsepower (hp) motor that requires an input

of 1000 watts (W) of electric power?
Given: Power input (Pin) = 1000 W
Power out (Pout) = ¾ hp
Solution: ¾ hp = 0.75 hp
Pout = 0.75 hp x 746 W/hp
= 559.5 W
559.5 W
% eff. = ---------------- x 100
1000 W
= 55.95

Engr. Alexis T. Belonio