ABSTRACT

In this project planning, analysis, structural design and cost estimating has been done for

a multiplex based on all Indian Standard Codes of practice.

Detailing drawings pertaining to the structural design of multiplex are presented. Complete
estimation of an commercial block has been done.

All the structural members like slabs, beams, columns and footings are designed using Indian
Standard Code IS 456-2000, IS-875 and design aid SP-16. The structural components are designed
by limit state method.

Materials were used as specified by National Building Code. Concrete M 20grade and Fe415 steel
bars were considered for all the design. Brick wall is worked in 1:5 cement mortar 230mm thick
and partition walls of 115mm thick. All the dimension are given in metric units.

Estimation of quantities is done depending upon the plinth area basis and arrival of cost of
construction is as per the latest schedule of rate by the government
 CONTENTS

PAGE
S.NO PARTICULARS

1 INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 Objective
1.2 Scope 1

2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2
2.1 Planing Aspects
2.2 Regulations of National Building Code India(NBC-2005) 2

3 PLAN,ELEVATION,LAYOUT OF THE BUILDING

3.1 Plan of The Building
4
3.2 Elevation
6
3.3 Slab Layout
8
3.4 Beam Layout
9
3.5 Column Layout
10

4 DESIGN OF SLABS
4.1 Design of Two way slab
12
4.2 Design of One Way Slab
17

5 ANALYSIS OF BEAM

5.1 Analysis
23

[Type text]
 6 BEAM DESIGN
6.1 Design of Beams 33

7 DESIGN OF COLUMN
7.1 Design of Columns
7.2 Design of Biaxial Columns 52

7.3 Design of Uniaxial Columns 56

8 DESIGN OF FOOTING
8.1 Design of Isolated Footing 60

9 OTHER DESIGNS
9.1 Design of water tank 67

9.2 Design of staircase 73

9.3 Design of Septic tank 77

9.4 Design of Sunshade 82

10 ESTIMATION AND COSTING

10.1Detailing estimate 87

CONCLUSION 92
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 OBJECTIVES

 Planning of Residential building with proper ventilation and sunlight

 Analysis of frame by substitute frame method
 Designing of all structural members based on limit state method of design
 Designing of other miscellaneous structures like water tank by working stress
method
 Estimation of all quantities like RCC and steel

1.2 SCOPE
 Design of slab by using limit state method
 This project is about panning,analyzing,designing and estimation of economical
residential building.
 the plan for G+1 residential building is drawn using revit architecture
 Area of building is 1085 sq ft.This project is done as a R.C framed structure
 Preliminary design of beam and slab is done to adopt the beam and column size
for the respective designs
 Analysis of frame is done by frame method
 Design of beam, and plinth beam is done as per IS code
 Design of footing is done by using limit state method
 Design of lintel
 Design of dog-legged staircase
 Design of septic tank as per NBC requirements
 Preparation of bar bending schedule for all reinforcements
 Estimation and quantity of all the member
 Abstract of detailed estimate

1
[Type text]
CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

PLANNING ASPECTS

2.1.1 General

A theatre should be planned to make it comfortable economical and to meet all requirements.
All the requirements should be taken up and the number of alternative proposal should be
prepared. On comparing its advantage and disadvantage the best one should be adopted.
Planning mainly depends upon the climatic condition.

2.1.2 Orientation

The next step is orientation of the theatre, which means fixing the direction of the building in
such a way than it derives maximum benefit from sun, air and nature. In some places
orientation of the theatre is not at the choice of the designer because a limited area is only
allotted.

2.1.3 Ventilation

Unless there are windows reaching the top of the wall and capable of being opened,
ventilators are necessary near the top of the wall. The ventilators should be regularly distributed
in the same way as windows.

2.2 REGULATIONS OF NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA

The National Building code of India is a single document in which, like a network, the
information contained in various Indian Standards is woven into a pattern of continuity and
cogency with the interdependent requirements of sections carefully analyzed and fitted into
make the whole document a cogent continuous volume.

A continuous thread of ‘preplanning’ is woven which, in itself, contributes considerably to the

economies in construction particularly in building and plumbing services

2
 2.2.1 Rest Room

 The height of the water closets measure from the surface of the floor to the
lowest point to the ceiling shall not be less than 2m
 The area of water closet shall be 1.1m with the minimum width of 0.9m
 It should have a ventilator opening to the shaft of open pace of area not less than
0.3m2 with side not less than 0.3m

2.2.2 Septic Tank

 Septic tank have minimum width of 75cm, a minimum depth of 1m below the
water level and the minimum liquid capacity of 1m3.
 The length of the tank shall be 3 to 4 times the width
 The ventilation pipe shall have extend to a height on which would cause to smell
nuisance to any building in that area

2.2.3 Stair case

 For commercial building the minimum width of stair case is 1.2m

 The rise should not be more than 200mm and the tread should not be less than
200mm

3
[Type text]
CHAPTER 4

DESIGN OF SLABS

Reinforced concrete slabs constitute the most common type of structural elements used to cover
floor and roof buildings

 One way slab

 Two way slab

4.1 Two Way slab

Slabs which are supported on yielding supports like walls on all four sides are called two way
slab

It should have their longer span not exceeding two times the shorter span so that significant
flexural bending develops in mutually perpendicular direction

Ly/Lx < 2

4.2 One way slab

One way slabs are supported on opposite sides and the loads are transmitted in one direction

The veranda slab is a typical example of one way slab with main reinforcement in the span
direction and distribution reinforcements in the transverse direction.

Ly/Lx > 2

Note:

The overall thickness of the normal building ranges from 100mm to 200mm.

The bending moment for all the slabs are determined using IS 456-2000.

11
TWO WAY SLAB:

Design Constant:

fck = 20N/mm2 fy = 415N/mm2

Conditions:

Size of the slab = 3.05 x 4.88m

Overall depth by span/ depth = 150mm

Effective depth = 129mm

Ly/lx =4.88/3.05

= 1.6< 2

Hence two way slab is designed.

STEP 1:

Calculation of thickness:

Span / depth = 3050 / (20)

Depth = 150mm

Effective depth = 129mm

STEP 2:

Effective Span:

Along Y- direction,

1) Clear Span + Effective depth = 4.88+0.129 = 5.009m

2) Clear Span + Wall thickness = 4.88+ 0.23 = 5.1m

Hence effective span is least of the above values

[Type text]
Ly= 5m

Along X-direction,

1) Clear Span + Effective depth = 3.05+0.129 = 3.179m

2) Clear Span + Wall thickness = 3.05+ 0.23 = 3.28m

Lx= 3.18m

STEP 3:

Load Calculation(Roof slab)

1. Dead load(Self weight) = 0.15 x 25 = 3.75kN/m2.

2. Live load(Assume) = 3.5kN/m2

3. Weathering course = 2kN/m2

Total load (W) = 9.25kN/m2

Factored load (Wu)/m length = 13.88kN/m

STEP 4:

Bending moment and Shear force Calculation:

Bending Moment co-efficient αx and αy

αx = 0.0786

αy = 0.047

Mx = αx w lx2

= 0.0786x 13.88x 3.052

= 10.85kN-m

13
My = αy w ly2
 = 0.047x 13.88x 3.052

= 6.47 kN-m

STEP 5:

Check for Effective depth

Mmax = 0.138 fck bd2

d = √ 10.85x 106 /( 0.138 x 20 x 1000)

= 62.68mm < 129mm

Hence safe.

STEP 6:

Reinforcement Calculation:

Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d{1-(Ast fy/bd x fck)}

= 0.87 x 415 x Ast x129 { 1- (Astx415) / (1000x129x20)}

10.85x 106 = 44048.1 Ast – 7.49 Ast2

Ast = 257mm2

Using T10 dia bars

Spacing :

S =( A φ / Ast ) x b

= (78.5 / 257) x 1000

= 305mm

Provide T10 dia @ 305mm c/c .

My =0.87 fy Ast d{1-(Ast fy/bd x fck)}

[Type text]
 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 129 { 1- (Astx415) / (1000x129x20)}

6.47 x 106 = 44048.1Ast – 7.49 Ast2

Ast = 150mm2

Using T10 dia bars

Spacing :

S =( A φ / Ast ) x b

= (78.5 /150) x 1000

=523mm

Provide T10 dia @ 523mm c/c .

STEP 7:

Middle Strip:

1. Longer Span

Length of middle strip = ¾ x 4.88

= 3.66m

Length of edge strip = 1/8 x4.88

= 0.61m

2. Shorter Span

Length of middle strip = ¾ x 3.05

= 2.28m

Length of edge strip = 1/8 x 3.05

= 0.381m
STEP 8:

Area of maximum midspan steel =1000x(78.5)/129 =608mm2

% of maximum mid span steel 608x100/(1000x129) =0.47

Stress in steel fs=0.47x415x257/608 =82.4N/mm2

Modification factor =1.4

Effective depth required =3050/(28x1.4) =77.8mm

Effective depth provided =150>77.8mm

Slab is safe in stiffness.hence ok.

STEP 12:Check for deflection

(Lx/d)act=3050/129=23.6

(Lx/d)basic=20(For SS BEAM)

M.F=2

(Lx/d)basic X M.F=20X2=40

(Lx/d basic> Lx/d act

40>23.6

Hence safe

[Type text]
 DETAILS OF ALL SLAB
SLAB NAME SLAB TYPE LX LY DEAD LOAD LIVE LOAD MOMENT DEPTH
            MX MY  
10.1 11.5
S1 TWO WAY SLAB 3.05 4.88 3.75 3 4 6 129
10.5
S2 TWO WAY SLAB 2.44 4.88 3.75 3 5.37 7 129
S3 TWO WAY SLAB 5.5 5.5 3.75 3 8.13 9.36 129
S4 TWO WAY SLAB 3.1 4 3.75 3 4.95 8.09 129
S5 TWO WAY SLAB 3.1 5.05 3.75 3 4.77 4.77 129
S6 TWO WAY SLAB 4.9 5.05 3.75 3 5.16 6.06 129
16.1 14.2
S7 TWO WAY SLAB 4.7 5.33 3.75 3 3 4 129
 CHAPTER 5

ANALYSIS OF BEAM

5.1 Analysis
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD

The moment distribution method is a structural analysis method for statically

indeterminate beam sand frames The methodonly accounts for flexural effects and ignores axial
and shear effects.

Flexural stiffness

The flexural stiffness (EI/L) of a member is represented as the product of the modulus of
elasticity (E) and the second moment of area (I) divided by the length (L) of the member. What
is needed in the moment distribution method is not the exact value but the ratio of flexural
stiffness of all members.

Distribution factors

Distribution factors can be defined as the proportions of the unbalanced moments carried by
each of the members.

Sign convention

Any moment acting clockwise is considered to be positive. This differs from the usual
engineer’s sign convention, which employs a Cartesian coordinate system with positive x-axis
to the right and positive y-axis up, resulting in positive moment about the z-axis being
counterclockwise.

[Type text]
LOAD CALCULATION

Load from the slab 5.512 kN/m

Self weight of the beam 2.116 kN/m2
Wall load 13.8 kN/m2
Live load 2 kN/m2
Floor finish 0.5 kN/m2
Service load W 24.928 kN/m
Factore of safety 1.5  
Factored load Wu 35 kN/m

Wall load = unit wt of masonary*height*thickness

= 20*0.23*3

= 13.8KN/m2
Load from slab by using yield line theory

= a+b/2*h

= 1.83+4.88/2*1.525

= 5.512KN/m2
Self weight of a beam

= volume of beam * unit wt of masonary

= 0.25*0.35*1*25

= 2.116KN/m2
 Step:1

35KN-m 30KN-m 35KN-m

Span AB

MAB=-WL^2/12=--70KN-M

MBA=-WL^2/12=70KN-M

Span B C

MAB=-WL^2/12=--46KN-M

MAB=-WL^2/12=-46KN-M

Span CD

MAB=-WL^2/12=--70KN-M

MAB=-WL^2/12=70KN-M

DISTRIBUTION FACTOR
25
JOINT MEMBER R.S T.S D.S

B BA 3EI/L=0.614 1.55 0.412

BC 4EI/L=0.936 0.603

C CB 4EI/L=0.936 1.55 0.603

CD 3EI/L=0.614 0.412

[Type text]
STEP:3

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD

JOINT A B C D
MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DA
D.F   0.412 0.603 0.603 0.412
F.E.M -70 70 -46 46 -70 70
RELEASE @ A & D 70 -70

CARRY OVER
35 -35
IEM 0 105 -46 46 -105 0
BALANCE -24.31 -35.57 35.37 24.31
CARRY OVER -12.155 12.155
BALANCE 5.371 7.86 -7.86 -5.371
CARRY OVER
-3.93 3.93
BALANCE 1.53 2.25 -2.25 -1.53
CARRY OVER -1.125 1.125
BALANCE 0.44 0.65 -0.65 -0.44
CARRY OVER -0.325 0.325
BALANCE 0.129 0.189 -0.189 -0.129
CARRY OVER -0.0945 0.0945
TOTAL MOMENT(KN-m) 0 88.2 -88.2 88.2 -88.2 0

CHAPTER 6
DESIGN OF BEAM

6.1 DESIGN OF BEAM:

If a beam is made of plain cement concrete it has a very low load carrying capacity since its
low tensile strength limits its overall strength. It is therefore reinforced by placing steel bars in
the tensile zone of concrete beam so that the compressive bending stress is carried by concrete
and tensile bending stress is carried entirely by steel reinforcement bars.

SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM:

If the steel reinforcement is provided in the tensile zone only such beams are known as singly
reinforced beams reinforced beams.

<

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM:

If the steel reinforcement is provided in the compressive zone also to carry compressive
stresses it is known as doubly reinforced section.

>

T-BEAM:

A T-beam, used in construction, is a load-bearing structure of reinforced concrete, wood or

metal, with a t-shaped cross section. The top of the t-shaped cross section serves as a flange or
compression member in resisting compressive stress. The web of the beam below the
compression flange serves to resist shear stress and to provide greater separation for the
coupled forces of bending.

The T-beam has a big disadvantage compared to an I-beam because it has no bottom flange
with which to deal with tensile forces. One way to make a T-beam more efficient structurally is
to use an inverted T-beam with a floor with a floor slab or bridge deck joining the tops of the
beams. Done properly, the slab act as the compression flange.

[Type text]
L-BEAM:

The edge beams which are cast monolithic with slabs on one side of the rib only are designed
as L-Beam. Due to eccentricity of load transferred from the flange. Tensional moments
develops in the beams in addition to the bending moments and shear forces.

32

6.2 DESIGN OF PLINTH BEAM:

Available Data:

Clear span L= 4.88m

Grade of Concrete fck = 20N/

Grade of Steel fy = 415N//

Wall thickness t= 230mm

Effective depth d= 300mm

Overall depth D= 350mm

Width of beam b= 250mm

SOLITION:

STEP:1 LOAD CALCULATION:

Total Load on Beam=self weight of wall + self weight of Beam

=13.8+2.11

=15.91KN/m

Factored Load =1.5x15.91

=23.8KN/m

STEP:2 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE SPAN:

Effective Span= lx + d= 4.88+0.3= 5.18m

Effective span=lx + wall thickness = 4.88 + 0.23=5.11m

Take minimum of = 5.11 m

[Type text]
STEP:3 BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCES:

Bending Moment ( ) = 23.8x5.11^2 /8 = 77 KNm

Shear Force ( ) = 23.8x5.11/2 = 60.80 KN

Limiting Bending Moment ( ) = 0.138 fck

=0.138x20x230x300x300

=114.26 KNm > 77KNm

Hence, It is under reinforced section.

STEP:4 CALCULATION OF AST:

= 0.87fy X Ast X d(1-ast fy/bd fck)

77X = 0.87x415xAstx300 (1-Astx415/20x300x250)

77X =108315 Ast-29.96

Ast=973

Ast min = 0.12%bD

Ast min = 0.12x1000x350/100

Ast min = 420

Ast < Ast min.

Assume 16mm φ bar

Ast=201

No of bars= Ast/ast=4.8=5 bar

Provide 5 # 16mm φ bar

STEP:5 CALCULATION OF HANGER BARS:

 Ast min=420

Assume 16mm φ bar

34

Ast=201.06

No of bars= Ast/ast=540/201.06=2.08=2bar

Provide 2 # 16mm φ bar

STEP:6 CALCULATION FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT:

= /bd=60.80x /250x300

= 0.81N/

Pt=Ast pro/bdx100

=1005.3/250x300=1.34%

=1.3N/

max=2.8N/

<

< <

Shear Reinforcement is not Required

STEP:7 CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

Fs= 0.58 fy x Ast req/Ast pro

=0.58x415x973/1005.3

fs=232

K1=2

K2=1

K3=1

[Type text]
 (l/d)max=(l/d)basicxK1xK2xK3

=24mm

(l/d)provided=/350=13.94mm<24mm

Hence, the deflection is safe.

6.3 DESIGN OF T-BEAM:

Available Data:

Clear span = 3.05m

Width Of Support = 230mm

Grade of concrete = 20N/

Grade of Steel = 415N/

Overall depth of D = 350mm

Effective Depth d = 300mm

Width of Web, = 230mm

Slab Thickness = 150mm

SOLUTION:

STEP: 1 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE SPAN:

Effective Span= clear span + d= 3.05+0.3= 3.35m

Effective span=lx + wall thickness = 3.05 + 0.23=3.28m

Take minimum of = 3.28m

STEP:2 CALCULATION OF WIDTH OF FLANGE ( ):

From IS 456 2000 page no:37

= lo/6+bw+6 = 3.05/6+0.230+(6x0.150) = 1.65m

= bw+1/2x Clear distance b/w the beam = 0.25+1/2x3.05= 1.77m

37
[Type text]
 Take minimum=bf=1.65

STEP:3 CHECK FOR SECTION:

Assume Xu=Df= 150mm

Mu lim = 0.36 x fck x bf x Df(d-0.42 x Df)

=0.36 x 20 x 1650 x 150(300-0.42x150)

= 422.33KNm

Mu= 42KNm

Mu<Mu limit, Hence the Beam is Designed as under reinforced section.

STEP:4 CALCULATION OF AREA OF REINFORCEMENT:

Mx = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1-Astfy/fck bd)

42x = 0.87x 415x Ast x300(1-Ast x 415/20 x 300 x 1650)

42x = 108315 Ast –5.4

Ast = 400

Assume 16mm φ bar

Ast=201.06

No of bars= Ast/ast = 400/201.06 = 2

Provide 2 # 16mm φ bar

Ast provided = 402.12

STEP:5 CALCULATION OF HANGER BARS:

 Ast min = 0.85 bd/fy

= 0.85 x 230 x 300/415

Ast min = 153.62

Assume 10mm φ bar

Ast=78.53

No of bars= Ast/ast=153.62/78.53=1.95=2bar

Provide 2 # 10mm φ bar

Ast pro=2x(3.14x /4)

=157.06

STEP:6 CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS:

τv=(Vu/b x d)

W=35 KN/m

Vu=35 x 3.05/2

=53.37KN

τv=53.37x /230x300

=0.71N/

Pt= Ast pro/bd x 100

= 402.12/230x300x100

=0.53%

[Type text]
 τc= 0.30N/

τc max= 2.8 N/
39
τv > τc < τc max

Hence Shear Reinforcement is Required.

=Vu- bd

= 53.37x - 0.30x230x300

= 30.87KN

Using 8mm φ 2 legged.

Spacing:

=0.87fyAstxd/Sv

30.87x =0.87x415x3.14/4*64x300/Sv

S = 180mm

S =0.75xd=0.75x300

=225mm

S =300mm

Use 8mm φ bar 2 legged stirrups @ 180mm c/c spacing.

STEP:7 CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

Fs= 0.58 fy x Ast req/Ast pro

=0.58x415x400/402.12
 fs=239.4N/

K1=1.3

K2=1
40
K3=1

(l/d)max=(l/d)basicxK1xK2xK3

=20x1.3x1x1x1

=26mm

(l/d)provided=3280/400=8.2mm<26mm

Hence, the deflection is safe.

STEP:8 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH CALCULATION:

Ld = 47Ф = 752mm

[Type text]
 41
6.4 DESIGN OF L-BEAM:

Available Data:

Clear span = 5.49m

Width Of Support = 230mm

Grade of concrete = 20N/

Grade of Steel = 415N/

Overall depth of D = 350mm

Effective Depth d = 300mm

Width of Web, = 230mm

Slab Thickness = 150mm

SOLUTION:

STEP: 1 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE SPAN:

Effective Span= clear span + d= 5.49+0.4= 5.89m

Effective span=lx + wall thickness = 5.49 + 0.23=5.72m

Take minimum of = 5.72m

STEP:2 CALCULATION OF WIDTH OF FLANGE ( ):

From IS 456 2000 page no:37

 = lo/6+bw+6 = 5.49/6+0.230+(6x0.150) = 2.06m

= bw+1/2x Clear distance b/w the beam = 0.25+1/2x5.49= 3m

Take minimum=bf=2.06

42

STEP:3 CHECK FOR SECTION:

Assume Xu=Df= 150mm

Mu lim = 0.36 x fck x bf x Df(d-0.42 x Df)

=0.36 x 20 x 2060 x 150(300-0.42x150)

= 527KNm

Mu= 145.66KNm

Mu<Mu limit, Hence the Beam is Designed as under reinforced section.

STEP:4 CALCULATION OF AREA OF REINFORCEMENT:

Mx = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d x (1-Astfy/fck bd)

145.66x = 0.87x 415x Ast x300(1-Ast x 415/20 x 300 x 2060)

145.66x = 108315 Ast –3.11

Ast = 1401.1

Assume 16mm φ bar

Ast=201.06

No of bars= Ast/ast = 1401.1/201.06 = 6.96 = 7

Provide 7 # 16mm φ bar

[Type text]
 Ast provided = 1407.42

STEP:5 CALCULATION OF HANGER BARS:

Ast min = 0.85 bd/fy

= 0.85 x 230 x 300/415

Ast min = 153

Assume 10mm φ bar

Ast=78.53

No of bars= Ast/ast=153/78.53=1.94=2bar

Provide 2 # 10mm φ bar

Ast pro=2x(3.14x /4)

=157

STEP:6 CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS:

τv=(Vu/b x d)

W=37 KN/m

Vu=37 x 5.49/2

=101.56KN

τv=101.56x /230x300

=1.35N/

Pt= Ast pro/bd x 100

 = 1407.47/250x300x100

=1.8%

τc= 0.45 N/

τc max= 2.8 N/

44
τv > τc < τc max

Hence Shear Reinforcement is Required.

=Vu- bd

= 101.56x - 0.45x230x300

=67KN

Using 8mm φ 2 legged.

Spacing:

=0.87fyAstxd/Sv

67x =0.87x415x3.14/4*64x300/Sv

S = 81mm

S =0.75xd=0.75x300

=225mm

S =300mm

Use 8mm φ bar 2 legged stirrups @ 81mm c/c spacing.

STEP:7 CHECK FOR DEFLECTION:

[Type text]
 Fs= 0.58 fy x Ast req/Ast pro

=0.58x415x1401.1/1404.47

fs=239N/

K1=1.3

K2=1
45
K3=1

(l/d)max=(l/d)basicxK1xK2xK3

=20x1.3x1x1x1

=26mm

(l/d)provided=5490/300=18.3mm<26mm

Hence, the deflection is safe.

STEP:8 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH CALCULATION:

Ld = 47Ф= 752mm
6.5 DESIGN OF LINTEL BEAM
46
DESIGN FOR WINDOW :

Data Available:

Size of openings: 1.219 x 1.371m

Dimension of Lintel

Clear span of Lintel Beam(b) =1219mm

Depth of Lintel(D) =1219/10=122mm

Breadth of lintel beam =230mm

Width of projection =150mm

Fck =20N/

Fy =415N/

SOLUTION:

STEP:1 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH:

Use 8 mm diameter bar with cover of 20mm

Effective depth, d = D-clear cover-Ф/2

= 122-20-8/2

[Type text]
 d= 98mm

STEP:2 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE SPAN

Effective Span is the lesser of

c/c bearings = Clear span + 230/2 + 230/2

=1219+230/2+230/2
47
=1519mm

Clear Span + d =1219 + 98

=1317mm

Thus, Effective Span, L =1.317m

STEP:3 MOMENT CALCULATION:

Height of Equilateral triangle = tan(60/2)xL

=0.76m

Height of Wall Above lintel = 3.048-(2.316+0.122)

= 0.79m > 0.76m

Self Weight of Lintel = Area x thickness x unit wt of concrete

= 1.317x(0.15+0.15)x0.122x25

W1=1.025 KN

Weight of Masonry = Area x thickness x unit wt of brick

=1/2 x 1.317 x 0.76 x 0.30 x 19

 W2 =2.85KN

Imposed Load on sunshade =2.225KN

Factored Bending Moment= 1.5x[1.205x1.317/(8)+(

(2.85x1.317/(6)x(2.25x /(8))]

= 0.748KNm

STEP:4 CHECK FOR DEPTH:

48
Mu =0.138 x fck x b x

0.748x =0.138 x 20 x 300 x

d =30.05mm<98mm

Hence Safe.

STEP:5 CALCULATION OF AST:

Mu =0.87 x fy x Ast x d[1-{(fy x Ast)/(fck x b x d)}]

0.748x =0.87 x 415 x Ast x 98[1-{(415 x Ast)/20 x 300 x 98)}]

Solving the above equation, We get

Ast = 21.23

Provide 2 nos of 8mm dia bars @ bottom and 2 hingers of 8 mm diameter bars @ top

STEP:6 CHECK FOR SHEAR:

Pt =(100 x Ast)/(b x d)

[Type text]
 =(100 x 100.53)/(300 x 98) = 0.34%

Factored SF = 1.5 x {(1.205 x 2.85) + (2.225 x 1.317)]/(2)}

=4.73KN

τv =Vu/(b x d)

=4.733x /(300x98)

= 0.162N/

τc =0.403N/ 49

τv < τc , Hence safe.

STEP:7 CALCULATION OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Provide 6mm dia 2 legged vertical stirrups of Asv=56.50

Spacing, Sv

=(Asv x fy)/(0.4 x b)

=(56.50 x 415)/(0.4 x 300)

=195.56mm

Spacing Should be

< 450mm

<0.75d = 0.75x98 = 73.5mm

Hence provide 6mm diameter 2 legged stirrups @ 70mm c/c

 CHAPTER 7
50
DESIGN OF COLUMN

7.1DESIGN OF COLUMN:

A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a vertical structural element

that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structures above to other structural elements below.
For the purpose of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces.

Other compression members are often termed “columns” because of the similar stress
conditions. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts
of walls or ceilings rest. Monolithic columns are among the heaviest stones used in
architecture. Modern columns are constructed out of steel, poured or precast concrete, or
brick. They may then be clad in an architectural covering (or veneer), or left bare. In modern
terms, the impost (or pier) is the topmost member of a column. The bottom-most part of the
arch, called the springing, rests on the impost.

7.2 DESIGN OF AXIALLY LOADED COLUMN:

Available Data:

[Type text]
 Column width = 250mm

Column Depth = 300mm

Fck = 20N/

Fy = 415 N/

Length of Column = 3m

LOAD CALCULATION :

Effective Cover = 60mm

Weight of slab 3.75 kN/m

Floor finish 1 kN/m2
Super imposed Load 1.5 kN/m2
Live load 2 kN/m2
Terrace load 1 kN/m2
Dead Load from slab 245.76093 kN/m
Self weight of beam 28.925 kN/m
Total Dead load 274.68593 kN/m
Dead load for remaining floors 549.37187  
Self weight of column 27.5625  
Total Dead load 576.93437  
Factored Load 1.5  
Factored Load 865.40156  

SOLUTION:

STEP:1 CALCULATION OF ECCENTRICITY:

 E = 0.05X300

=15mm

STEP :2 CALCLATION OF AREA OF STEEL :

Pu = 0.4fckAc+0.67*fy*As

865x10³= 0.4x20x(250x300-As)+0.67x415As

2708.05As-8As=265x10³

As = 100mm²

Minimum area of longitudinal reinforcement =0.8%bd

= 600mm²

STEP 3 : CALCULATING NUMBER OF BARS :

N=Ast/ast

=600/201

=3

Provide 3#16mm dia bars

Ast provided = 604.8mm²

STEP:4 TIE SPACING:

Lateral dimesion=300mm

=16x16

=256mm

Spacing =300mm

[Type text]
Hence provide 6 mm dia tie at 256 mm centre to centre

7.2 DESIGN OF UNIAXIALLY LOADED COLUMN:

Available Data:

Column width = 230mm

Column Depth = 300mm

Fck = 20N/

Fy = 415 N/

Length of Column = 3m

Factored Moment Mu = 132.3KNm

Effective Cover = 60mm

Pu = 500KN

STEP:1 CHECK FOR COLUMN:

Effective length = 0.65 x 3 = 1.95m

 Least Dimension = 230mm

Effective length/ Least Dimension = 1.95/0.23 = 8.47 < 12

The column has been Designed As short Column.

STEP:2 CALCULATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL PARAMETER:

Pu/fck x b x D =500x /20 x 230 x 300 = 0.36

Mu/fck x b x = 132.3X /20 x 230 x300 ² = 0.31

Assume Reinforcement on the four side of column(referring to chart 45 in SP16)

P/fck = 0.3

P=0.3x20 = 6%

Take p value minimum as 0.8% From IS 456-2000 clause 26.5.3.1 page no 48

Asc = pbD/100 = 0.8X230x300/100 = 552

Assume 16mm Diameter bar

asc = 201.06

No of Bars = Asc/asc

= 552/201.06 = 3bars

Asc provided = 603.18

Provide 3# 16mm diameter bars equally distributed four sides.

STEP:3 CALCULATION OF LATERAL TIES:

From IS 456-2000 clause 26.5.3.2 page no 49

Lateral Ties Diameter = Diameter used/4 = 16/4 = 4 = 6

[Type text]
Take 6mm diameter

Pitch Distance:

16mm Diameter = 16 x 16 = 256mm

Least Dimension = 230mm

Minimum spacing = 300mm

Take Minimum value as pitch distance = 230mm

Provide 6 mm diameter @230 mm c/c.

STEP:4 PERCENTAGE OF STEEL:

Pt = 100 Asc/bd = 100 x 552/230 x 360 = 0.8%

Pt max = 6%

Pt min = 0.8%

Hence OK.

1
 58

7.2 DESIGN OF BIAXIALLY LOADED COLUMN:

Available Data:

Column width = 230mm

Column Depth = 300mm

Fck = 20N/

Fy = 415 N/

Length of Column = 3m

Factored Moment Mux = 88.2

Muy = 132.3KNm

Effective Cover = 60mm

SOLUTION:

STEP:1 CHECK FOR COLUMN:

[Type text]
 Effective length = 0.65 x 3 = 1.95m

Least Dimension = 230mm

Effective length/ Least Dimension = 1.95/0.23 = 8.47 < 12

The column has been Designed As short Column.

Pu =530KN

STEP:2 EQUIVALENT MOMENT:

Mu = 1.15

= 1.15√(88.2)^2+(132.3)^2

= 238.50KNm

STEP:3 CALCULATION OF NON-DIMENSIONAL PARAMETER:

/D = 60/400 = 0.15

Pu/fck x b x D =530x /20 x 230 x 400 = 0.38

Mu/fck x b x = 132.3X X10³/20 x 230 x = 0.319

Assume Reinforcement on the four side of column(referring to chart 45 in SP16)

P/fck = 0.32

P=0.32x20 = 6.4% 53

Take p value minimum as 0.8% From IS 456-2000 clause 26.5.3.1 page no 48

Asc = pbD/100 = 0.8x230x400/100 = 552

Assume 16mm Diameter bar

asc = 201.06

No of Bars = Asc/asc

= 552/201.06 = 3bars

Asc provided = 603.2

Provide 3# 16mm diameter bars equally distributed four sides.

STEP:4 CALCULATION OF LATERAL TIES:

From IS 456-2000 clause 26.5.3.2 page no 49

Lateral Ties Diameter = Diameter used/4 = 16/4 = 4 = 6

Take 6mm diameter

16mm Diameter = 16 x 16 = 256mm

Least Dimension = 230mm

Maximum spacing = 300mm

Take Minimum value as pitch distance = 230mm

Provide 6 mm diameter @230 mm c/c

STEP:5 CHECH FOR BIAXIAL BENDING:

Pu/fck x b x D = 530x /20 x 230 x 400 = 0.38

/D = 60/400 = 0.15

[Type text]
p/fck = 0.38

Using above parameters read out ratio

/fck x b x = 0.319

= = 161.46KNm

From SP 16 page no 104

+ <1

For Puz Referring to Chart 63 corresponding to

P = 530, fy = 415N/ , fck = 20N/

Puz = 0.45fck x Ac + 0.75fy x Asc

= 0.45 x 20 x 230 x 300 + 0.75 x 415 x 603.18

Puz = 808.7kN

Pu/Puz = 530/808.7 = 0.65

STEP:6 PERCENTAGE OF STEEL:

From IS 456-2000 clause 26.5.3.1 page no 48

Pt = 100 Asc/bd = 100 x603.2 /230 x 360 = 0.8%

Pt max = 6%

Pt min = 0.8%

Hence OK

55
CHAPTER 8

DESIGN OF FOOTING

[Type text]
Foundation is a structure that transfers loads to the earth. Foundations are generally broken into
two categories: Shallow Foundations and Deep Foundations.

Shallow Foundations, often called footings, are usually embedded about a meter or so into soil.
One common type is the spread footing which consists of stirrups or pads of concrete (or other
materials ) which extend below the frost line and transfers the weights from walls and columns
to the soil or bedrock.

ISOLATED FOOTING:

It is used to support single columns. This is one of the most economical types of footings and is
used when columns are spaced at relatively long distances.

COMBINED FOOTING:

It usually supports two columns, or three columns not in a row. Combined footings are used
when two columns are so close that single footings cannot be used or when one column is
located at or near a property.Deep Foundations are those founding too deeply below the
finished ground surface for their base bearing capacity to be affected by surface conditions, this
is usually at depths >3m below finished ground level. Deep foundations can be used to transfer
the loading to deeper, more competent strata at depth if unsuitable soils are present near the
surface.

Deep Foundations are used when there are weak soils near the surface or when loads are very
high, such as very large skyscrapers. Deep foundations derive their support from deeper soils or
bedrock.

8.1 DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING :

Design of Isolated Footing For column Size 400mm x 400mm

Available Data:

Size of column = 400mm x 400mm

Unit weight of Soil = 18 KN/

 Angle of repose, Φ =

Fck = 20 N/

Fy = 415 N/

Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil, q = 300 N/

SOLUTION:

STEP 1: DEPTH OF FOOTING:

Df = x

Df= 1.8m

STEP 2: SIZE OF FOOTING:

Load on the Column = (515) + self weight

= 515 + (0.4x 0.4 x 25 x 3 x2)

= 539 KN

Assume the self weight of footing as 10% of the column load

Approximate Self weight of footing = 539 x (10/100)

= 53.9KN

Total Load on the Soil = 539+ 53.9

=592.9KN

Area of Footing required =Total Load on the Soil/ SBC of the soil

= 592.9/300

[Type text]
 =1.97 = 2.0

Adopt Rectangular Footing A = BL

400/400 = 1

L = 1B

A=LxB

1=1xB

1=1

B=1

Size of Footing = 1 mx 1m

STEP 3:CALCULATION OF SOIL PRESSURE:

Net Upward pressure Pu = (Column Load x 1.5 ) / Area of footing

= 539x1.5 / 1m^2

= 808.5KN/

STEP 4:CALCULATION OF DEPTH ‘D’:

Based on Flexure

Projection of footing from the short side of column = (length of footing +

length of column)/2

= (0.6-0.4)/2 = 0.1m
Projection of footing from the Long side of column = (Width of footing +

Width of column)/2

= (1-0.4)/2

= 0.3m

BM at the short face of column = 0.5Pu x 0.4^2

= 0.5 x 539x0.4^2

=43.12KNm

BM at the Long face of column = 0.5Pu x .6^2

= 0.5 x 539x0.6x0.6

=97.02KNm

BM at the Section:

From IS-456 2000 for M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel

M = 0.138 x fck x b x

= M/0.138 x fck x b

= 97.02 x / (0.138 x 20 x 1000 ) d = 187 mm

D = 245mm
62

Based On One way Shear:

Shear force per meter width (longer Span)

Vu = 0.4 x 1000 x (0.6-d)

Assuming Shear Strength Of concrete τc = 0.36N/ for M20 grade concrete

[Type text]
Nominal Pt = 0.25%

τc = Vu/bd

0.36 = 0.287 x 1000 x (0.65-d)/1000 x d

d = 316.3mm = 350mm

D = 400mm

STEP 5:CALCULATION OF AST:

Mu = 0.87fy x Ast x d (1- fy x Ast / Fck x b x d )

97.02x = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 350 (1- 415 x Ast / 20 x 1000 x 350 )

97.02x = 126.36x Ast (1-5.92x Ast)

97.02x = 126.36x Ast – 7.44

Ast = 779

Provide 16mm dia bar:

ast = 3.14/4 x = 201.06

No of Bars = 779/201.06 = 3.8 = 4nos

Spacing of 16mm dia bar = 1000/4 = 250mm

Minimum Reinforcement = 0.12% x 1000 x 400

= 480

Providing 12mm dia bar ast = 3.14 x /4 = 113.09

No of bars required = 480/113.04 = 4.24 = 5nos

Spacing of 12mm dia bar = (1000/5) = 250mm = 250mm

Therefore provide 12mm dia bars @ spacing of 250mm c/c

STEP 6: CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR:

Factored Shear Force per meter Width

τv = Vu/bd

Vu = (0.6-d) Pu = (0.6-0.4) x 539

Vu = 107.8KN

τv = 107.8/1000x350

τv = 0.308N/

Pt = 100 Ast/bd

= 100 x 779/1000 x 350 = 0.22%(ast provided=603.18)

τc = 0.34 N/

τc = Ks x τc

= 1 x 0.34 =0.34 N/

τc max = 2.8 N/

τv < τc < τcmax

Hence, It Is Safe In Long Shear.

STEP 7: DEVELOPMENT LENGTH:

Ld = 47ϕ

Ld = 752mm

[Type text]
 Ld available = 752-50 = 702

Hence ok

STEP 8: CHECK FOR BEARING:

Available Bearing = 0.45 x fck x

= 0.45 x 20 x 2

= 18N/

Actual Bearing Capacity = 5.05N/ < 18N/

Hence ok
CHAPTER 9

OTHER DESIGNS

[Type text]
 71

9.2 DESIGN OF SEPTIC TANK

The work in values design of septic tank for the 15 assuming the rate

of water supply as 100 liter / head /day

Assuming that the whole quantity of water appears as sewage

Then the flow of sewage per day = (15x100)/1000

= 1.5m³/ day

Assume the detention period of 24 hours

Tank capacity required = (5x24)/24 = 3m³

 Sludge storage at 0.078m³/capacity (for a cleaning period of 2 year)

= 15 x 0.078

= 1.17m³=3+1.17=4.17m³

Add 25% extra for future expansion = (25/100) x 4.17

= 1.042m³

Total design capacity = 4.17+1.07=5.212m³

Let the depth of liquid be 1.5m

Plan area of the tank =10.7/2=5.35m²

Provide tank of dimension 2x1.5m

Plan area = 3m²

Allow a free board of 0.4m

Total depth of tank = 1.4+0.4

= 1.9m
73
The size of tank = 2 x 1.5 x 1.9

CHECK OF SPACES:

Sedimentation volume for a clear span of 0.3m deep

= (clear span x surface area)

= 0.6 x 3

= 1.8m³

Scum storage at 0.01 m³ / capita

[Type text]
= 15x 0.01=0.15m³

Scum storage at 0.028m³ / capita

= 15 x 0.028 = 0.42m³

Scum storage at 0.0708m³ / capita for two year interval

= 15 x 0.0708 = 1.17m³

Total space = 1.8 + 0.15 + 0.42 + 1.17

= 3.54m³ against tank capacity of 4.17m³

DESIGN OF SOAK PIT:

74

Soak pit or seepage pit could be used instead of dispersion trench

Flow of sewage per day = 1.5m³

Extra flow taken for future expansion = 1.04m³

Assume the percolation capacity of filter media of the pit as 1.25m³ / day

Volume of pit required = 2.54 / 1.25

= 2.032m³

Assume the depth of pit as 2m below the invert level of the inlet pipe

Area required = 2.032 / 2

 = 1.016

Diameter required = ((4 x 2.3)/л) ½

= 1.7m

Seepage of diameter 1.5m & 2m deep below the inverted level of inlet pipe may be provided.

9.3 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE 75

Dog legged stair case

1.Data
Size of the room = 4270x3500mm
Vertical height =3m

[Type text]
 fck=20N/mm2
fy =415 n/mm2

STEP-1
Rise = 150 mm
Tread = 250mm
Width of each flight = 1.2 m
Height of each flight = 3.6/2
=1.8
No of riser required = 1.8/0.15
= 12 in each flight
No of trend in each flight= 12-1=11
Space occupied by tread =11x25=275cm
Keep width of the landing = 1.25
Space left for passage = 4.27-1.25-2.75=0.27m
STEP -2

Fe415steel
Fy=415N/mm²
M20 concrete
Fck=20N/mm²
Xumax/d = 700/1100+0.87x415=0.479
Ru=0.36fck Xumax/d(1-0.416 Xumax/d )
= 0.36x20x0.479(1-0.416x0.479)
=2.761
STEP- 3
Effective span= 2.75=1.25=0.160/2

=4.08=4.1

Weight of slab w’ on slope = 200/1000x1x1x25000

= 5000N/m²
Dead weight of horizontal area w1= w’√R²√T²/T

=5000X√150²+√250²/250

=5830N/m²

Dead weight of steps w2 = R/2x1000x1x1x25000

= 1875N/m

Total dead weight per m run= 5830+1875

=7705 N

Weight of finishing = 100N

Live load = 2500N

Total w = 10305N/m

Wu = 1.5x10305

=15460N/m

Mu =WuL²/8

= 15460(4.1²/8)

=32485N/m = 32.485x10³x10³

DESIGN OF WAIST SLAB :

d=√Mu/RuXb

= √32.485X10³X10³/2.761X1000

= 108.5 mm

Adopt 150 mm overall depth .Using 20 mm nominal cover and 10 mm dia bars

[Type text]
 Eff depth = 150-20-2 =125mm

COMPUTATION OF REINFORCEMENT :

Ast = 0.5fck/fy(1-√1-4.6Mu/fckbd²)

=0.5x20/415(1-√1-4.6x32.485x10³x10³/20x1000(125)²)1000x125

=836.3mm²

Using10 mm dia bars having Aϕ =78.54mm²

No of bars required in 1.2 m width = 1.2x836.8/78.54 = 12.8 = 13

Spacing of bars = 1200/13 = 92.3 mm

Distruibution reinforcement Asd = 0.12x150x1000/100

= 180mm²

hence spacing of 8 mm dia bars = 1000x50.3/180

=279mm

Hence provide 8 mm dia bars @ 250mm c/c i.e one bar per step
9.4 DESIGN OF SUNSHADE:

Data Available:

Let us assume the projector of Sunshade, L = 600mm

Wall Thickness = 230mm

Live Load = 0.75 KN/

Floor Finish = 0.2 KN/

Fck = 20 N/

Fy = 415 N/

Effective Cover( ) = 20mm

SOLUTION:

STEP:1 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH:

Form IS 456-2000 clause 23.2.1

l/d = 7(for cantilever)

d = (600/7*1.6) = 53.57 mm

So take d = 60mm

D=d+ = 60+20 = 80mm

STEP:2 CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE SPAN:

Effective Span = lx + d = 0.6+0.06 = 0.66m

Effective Span = lx + wall thickness = 0.6+0.230= 0.83m

[Type text]
 Take minimum of leff = 0.66m

82

STEP:3 LOAD CALCULATION

Self Weight of the Slab = D x 1 x 25 = 80 x 1 x 25

=25KN/m

Live Load = 0.75 x 1 = 0.75 KN/m

Floor Finish = 0.2 x 1 = 0.2 KN/m

Total Load (W) =2.95 KN/m

Factored Load (Wu) = 4.445 KN/m

STEP: 4 CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT:

Mu = (Wu*leff^2/8)

= (4.455*0.66^2/2)

= 0.97 KNm

STEP: 5 CHECK FOR EFFECTIVE DEPTH:

Mu = 0.138 x fck x b x

0.97x = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x

d= 18.74 mm

Hence d provided > d required , Hence Section is OK.

STEP: 6 CALCULATION OF AST:
83
Mx = 0.87fy x Ast x d[1-((Ast x fy)/(fck x b x d)]

0.97 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 90[1-((Ast x 415)/(20 x 1000 x 90)]

Ast = 45.49

Take Ast = 46

Ast min = 0.12%bD

Ast min = 0.0012 x 1000 x 80 = 96

Here Ast < Ast min , so take Ast min Value =96

Assume 8mm Φ bar

ast = 50.24

no of bar = Ast/ast = 1.91 = 2

Spacing:

Use 8 mm diameter bars

(1000/n) = 500mm

(3*d) = 180mm

Minimum Spacing = 300mm

Take minimum Value for Spacing = 180mm

Provide 2# 8 mm Φ bar @ 180 mm c/c

[Type text]
STEP: 7 CALCULATION OF DISTRIBUTION
84 STEEL:

As per IS 456-2000 fe-415

Ast d = 0.12%bD = 96

Assume 6mm Φ bar

Ast = 28.26

No of bar = Ast/ast = 3.39 = 4

Spacing:

Use 6mm diameter bars

(1000/n) = 500mm

(5*d) = 300mm

Minimum Spacing = 450mm

Take minimum Value for Spacing = 250mm

Provide 3# 6 mm Φ bar @ 250 mm c/c

STEP: 8 RESULT:

Overall Depth (D) =80mm

Effective depth (d) =60mm

Main Reinforcement details = provide 8 mm dia bars @ 180mm spacing c/c

Distribution Reinforcement details = provide 6 mm dia bars @ 250mm spacing c/c

 CHAPTER 10

ESTIMATION AND COSTING

10.1Detailing Estimate

S.NO DESCRIPTION Nos. L(m) B(m) D(m) QUANTITY

1. Earthworh

[Type text]
 i)Footing 21 1 1 3 63m3

ii)Wall

Short wall 5 11.28 0.23 1.5 19.45m3

Long wall 3 15.24 0.23 1.5 15.77m3

Total Earthwork 98.2m3

2. P.C.C

i)Footing 21 1 1 3 63m3

ii)Wall

Short Wall 5 11.28 0.23 1.5 19.45m3

Long Wall 3 15.24 0.23 1.5 15.77m3

Total P.C.C 98.2m3

3. Brickwork

i)Long wall 5 11.28 0.23 1.5 19.45m3

ii)Short wall 3 15.24 0.23 1.5 15.77m3

Partition wall

i)Long wall 5 11.28 0.23 1 12.77 m3

ii)Short wall 3 15.24 0.23 1 10.51 m3

Deduction

i)Door MD 1 1.2 0.23 2.1 5.79 m3

ii)Door D1 2 0.9 0.23 2.1 0.9 m3

iii)Door D2 3 0.5 0.23 2.0 0.7 m3

iv)Ventilator V 2 0.6 0.23 0.6 0.165 m3

v)Window W 5 1.2 0.23 1.2 1.65 m3

 Total Brickwork 49.29m3

4. Sand filling 1 30.48 22.5 1.5 1031.2 m3

5. Plinth beam

i)Long wall 5 11.28 0.23 1 12.77 m3

ii)Short wall 3 15.24 0.23 1 10.51 m3

Total Plinth beam 23.28m3

6. Lintel beam

I)Long wall 5 11.28 0.23 1 12.77 m3

ii)Short wall 3 15.24

88 0.23 1 10.51 m3

Total lintel beam 23.28m3

7. Plastering

i)Outer Plastering 1 53.03 3.5 185.6m2

II)Inner Plastering 1 52.1 3.5 18.35 m2

Deduction

i)Door D1 1 1.2 0.23 2.1 5.79 m3

ii)Door D2 2 0.9 0.23 2.1 0.9 m3

iii)Door D3 3 0.5 0.23 2.0 0.7 m3

iv)Ventilator V 2 0.6 0.23 0.6 0.165 m3

v)Window W 5 1.2 0.23 1.2 1.65 m3

Total Plastering 194.74 m2

[Type text]
8. Flooring 2 30.48 11.58 705.91 m3

9. Sunshade 5 1.2 1.2 0.05 0.38 m3

10. R.C.C Column 21 0.23 0.38 3 5.5 m3

89

11. R.C.C Beam

i)Longer side 33 45.72 0.23 0.38 171m3

ii)Shorter side 4 13.2 0.23 0.38 4.6 m3

Total R.C.C Beam 887.39 m3

12. R.C.C Slab 8 15.24 11.5 0.15 210.31 m3

Deduction

Staircase 1 4.77 1.2 3 17.1 m3

Total R.C.C Slab 227.41 m3

13. R.C.C Footing 21 1 1 3 63m3

14. Steel

R.C.C column 8000kg

R.C.C beam 7500 kg

R.C.C slab 4400 kg

R.C.C footing 5500 kg

R.C.C lintel 6600 kg

Total Quantity of steel 32000 kg

90
 5.2.RATE ESTIMATE

S.No Description of Work Q Unit Rate Amount(Rs)

1 Earthwork 98.2 m3 200 19640
2 PCC 98.2 m3 1500 147300
3 Brickwork 49.29 m3 m3 2800 138012
4 Sand Filling 1031.2 m3 m3 200 206240
3
5 RCC 887.39 m3 m 600 532434
3
6 Flooring 3727.7 m 150 559155
7 Steel 3200 kg Kg 30 96000
2
8 Plastering 194.74 m2 m 200 38948
2
10 White Washing 194.74 m2 m 100 19474
1757203
TOTAL AMOUNT
Rs 3515000 Lakhs

[Type text]
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CONCLUSION

We conclude that we thoroughly analyzed the requirement of the residential building and

fulfill that requirements. The plan of the building is made as per National Building Code

Provisions. In this project we have analyzed the structures as per Staad.pro and we designed

beam, columns, roof truss as per Limit state method of design.

Finally we have gained a better practical and theory knowledge in planning, analysis and

design of Residential building at hill area.

The residential building is planned as per NBC 2005 . Total built up area of residential building
is 1850 sq ft .the building designed as per code

IS 456-2000-plain and Rcc code practice

IS 875-1987-code practice for design loads