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org © 2024 IJCRT | Volume 12, Issue 3 March 2024 | ISSN: 2320-2882

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTEGRATED


SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM
1
Payal Lawande, 2Kshitija Ingale,3Ekata Narale, 4 Mr.Pravin A. Manatkar
1-3
Student, Trinity Academy of Engineering, Pune.
4
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, Trinity Academy of Engineering, Pune.

Abstract: One of the oldest and most important industries is agriculture. The demand for work and food is
rising due to the world's population growth. Because traditional farming methods are insufficient, new
automated ways of achieving food requirements are being developed. In several regions of the nation, the
growing demand for water has raised serious questions regarding the viability of irrigated agriculture.
Therefore, one of the most important practical concerns for increasing the effectiveness of water utilization
in irrigation systems is determining crop water demand. Some areas of a field receive unneeded irrigation
from the current sensor-based systems, leaving other areas without any irrigation at all.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been employed extensively in farming recently. AI technology is being used
in agriculture to improve soil and growth conditions, produce healthier crops, evaluate data for farmers, and
perform various jobs related to food supply chain management. AI-powered technologies will help farmers
increase crop quality and yield more with less resources. Farmers can obtain information on the health of
their crops, including the amount of water and nutrients needed to boost yield quality and quantity, by using
an AI-powered health monitoring system

Index Terms- Artificial Intelligence, Sensor, Irrigation.


I. INTRODUCTION
An important part of the Indian economy is the agricultural sector. In nations such as India, the
agricultural industry employs half of the labour force and contributes 18% of the GDP. [8]Growth in the
agricultural sector will hasten rural growth, which will drive rural transformation, which will finally result
in structural change. Since the development of technology, many industries have undergone considerable
transformations globally. Despite being the least digitalized business, agriculture has surprisingly seen a
surge in the development and commercialization of agricultural technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a
novel technique in agriculture. Today's agriculture system is at a new level because to artificial intelligence
(AI)-based equipment and technologies. Investigating how humans learn, think, make decisions, and
collaborate to solve issues is the basis for developing intelligent software and systems. This technology has
its roots in this research. By providing them training data, these intelligent devices—much like the human
brain—give us the intended outcome for every valid input. The main objective of AI is to simplify problem
solving, which may entail the use of artificial neural networks (ANN). Astonishing self-organization and
versatile learning capabilities are had by neural systems. Various disciplines, counting computer science,
science, material science, building, picture and flag handling, financial matters and fund, reasoning,
etymology, and neurology, have seen the substitution of numerous conventional strategies with it. Learning
happens inside an artificial neural network (ANN). When the environment changes, learning is the method
of altering to the alter in oneself. Since it can alter our environment and grow our recognitions, counterfeit
insights artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to gotten to be increasingly coordinates into our day by day
lives. With these rising advances the workforces who were limited to as it were negligible mechanical
divisions are presently contributing to various divisions.

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www.ijcrt.org © 2024 IJCRT | Volume 12, Issue 3 March 2024 | ISSN: 2320-2882

II. DISCUSSION PER TOPIC


2.1Internet of Things (IOT)

The Internet of Things (IOT), a cutting-edge technology, is becoming increasingly important.


Using a wireless sensor network, the Web server received the data gathered from the sensors. The sensed
data is processed and analyzed by (IOT) framework. [6] The solutions built on (IOT) are proving. Extremely
beneficial in a variety of ways for the agricultural environment. (IOT) technology is very useful for
agricultural systems because it makes physical components like plants, pots, irrigation valves, and moisture
sensors, among others, into online objects on the Internet that are represented by tags or unique identifiers.
Such components can thus be observed or managed via the Internet, permitting the cultivation of a crop
from a distance and simplifying operations that normally need for the worker's physical presence. [6] Farmers
can now have even more access to information on the precise state of their field, including soil moisture,
humidity, soil temperature, water requirements, weather conditions, and much more, thanks to technology
like sensors and (IOT). All gadgets that are connected to the internet and have ability to communicate with
other electronic equipment can be considered as part of (IOT).[5]

2.2Machine Learning (ML)


ML makes use of these data by feeding mathematical algorithms with them in an effort to forecast or
categorize a certain variable of interest. The crop's necessary irrigation times can be estimated, for instance,
using the evapotranspiration value. There is a wide range of machine learning algorithms, and they are
divided into several subfields based on their complexity and intended use. The papers that were analyzed
contain examples of how they are used in irrigation systems. For example, suggests a system. A feed-
forward neural network algorithm (a bioinspired ranking algorithm) is also used in this system, and gradient
descent and variable learning rate gradient descent two algorithms that solve optimization problems through
first-order iterations are used to optimize the training of the neural network. [6, 3]

2.3 Artificial Intelligence (AI)


To fulfill the increasing demand of food the agricultural industries need to adapt the latest advancements in
agriculture such as use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based techniques. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is
offering innovative solutions to address the challenges with traditional irrigation methods and unsustainable
practices. Smart irrigation system driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms is revolutionizing the
way uses of water in agriculture. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become extensively employed, enabling
precise monitoring and analysis of related various factors. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based techniques with
inclusion of image processing, deep learning provides an easy and effective way for crop health monitoring.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology monitor the field, monitor requirement of crop using the real time
data and control the wastage of water, pesticides, etc. [9,4]

III. Understanding smart irrigation system


An innovative method for automating irrigation systems and reducing water consumption is the SMART
irrigation system, which improves performance. This method allows farmers to meet their need using a
newly accepted strategy that conserves water for the irrigation process since it modifies irrigation depending
on actual soil and weather conditions. Data processing, wireless connection, fault detection, irrigation
control, and data collecting (sensor) are all included in the SMART irrigation system. These parts are all
compatible with Internet of Things devices. [5] Smart irrigation systems that use less water and can irrigate a
larger area. A thorough analysis of numerous smart irrigation strategies is provided. Nonetheless, there are a
number of low-water-consumption irrigation solutions available, such as drip and sprinkler systems;
nonetheless, these systems mostly rely on human interaction. It is possible to create smart irrigation systems
by adding features to currently operating systems. The device continuously checks the amount of water in a
crop, comparing the amount of water in the soil and crop plants to the amount of water that is typically
needed. Various types of sensor data collected as shown in fig 1.

3.1 Soil Moisture Sensors


Soil moisture sensors are used to measure the amount of water in the soil. They are useful
instruments for research, environmental monitoring, gardening, and agriculture. With the use of these
sensors, farmers can better regulate their irrigation system, use less water, and increase crop productivity.
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www.ijcrt.org © 2024 IJCRT | Volume 12, Issue 3 March 2024 | ISSN: 2320-2882

3.2 Temperature Sensors


In sensor-based irrigation system, temperature in the field, help in monitoring environmental
conditions, optimizing irrigation schedules, and preventing water waste. By incorporating temperature-
based insights into irrigation strategies, farmers can enhance productivity, conserve water, and mitigate the
impacts of environmental stressors on crops.

3.3 Humidity Sensors


In irrigation systems, humidity sensors are useful parts that provide vital information for maximizing water
management strategies and guaranteeing productive crop growth. The amount of atmospheric moisture
surrounding the plants is determined by humidity sensors, which monitor the moisture content in the air.
Irrigation systems that regularly measure humidity levels are able to evaluate the environments overall
moisture balance and modify watering schedules accordingly. Low humidity levels may suggest more water
loss from soil and plants, while high humidity levels may indicate decreased rates of evapotranspiration.

3.4 Rainfall Sensors


Rainfall Sensors measure the amount of precipitation that falls onto the soil surface. They detect
both the presence and intensity of rainfall events, providing accurate data on rainfall volume over specific
time intervals. This information is essential for determining whether irrigation is necessary and, if so, how
much water needs to be applied. Irrigation is only applied when rainfall is insufficient to meet crop water
requirements, minimizing water waste and promoting sustainable water use practices.

Collected
Data
Rain Sensor

Soil Moisture Sensor

Humidity Sensor

AI Model Chip Application

Temperature Sensor

Figure 1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Model Working Process.

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www.ijcrt.org © 2024 IJCRT | Volume 12, Issue 3 March 2024 | ISSN: 2320-2882

IV KEY COMPONENTS AND CONCEPTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)


INTEGRATED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM

4.1 Sensors and Data Collection


Collect and store real-time data and historical data for analysis and decision making. Enable communication
between sensors, controllers, and other components for real- time data exchange. Provide farmers with
access to sensor data and irrigation controls through web-based interfaces or mobiles applications.

4.2Artificial Intelligence (AI) Algorithms


Machine Learning: Analyze historical data to create predicting models for water demand, crop growth, and
irrigation scheduling. Neural Networks: Using you may train models to identify trends in sensor data and
make the best irrigation decisions based on leaned patterns. Reinforcement Learning: Enable irrigation
systems learn from errors and adjust over time to become more efficient. Regression Analysis: AI systems
use data on temperature, humidity, solar radiation, soil type, and crop type to determine how much water
crops require. This information is then used to schedule irrigation precisely

4.3 Optimization Algorithms


Genetic Algorithms: By generating and evaluating a number of possible solutions depending on variables
including crop stages, water availability, and environmental conditions. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
algorithms simulate the collective behavior of swarms to find optimal irrigation strategies that balance water
usage, crop yield, and maximize resource efficiency. Through trial and error, Artificial Intelligence (AI)
agents discover the best irrigation strategies and they are rewarding or penalized according to how well their
irrigation decisions outcomes.

4.4Automation and Control


One of the significant advantages of smart irrigation systems is their ability to deliver water with precision.
Rather than uniformly applying water to an entire field. These systems can target specific areas based on
their unique water requirements. This targeted approach minimizes water wastage, reduces runoff and
prevents overwatering. This will ensure that crops receive optimal moisture levels for healthy growth. [9]

4.5 User Interface and Visualization


Provide farmers with easy to use monitoring and decision-making tools by displaying real-time status
information. Alert farmers to important events so they may take appropriate action such as low soil moisture
levels or equipment failure.

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www.ijcrt.org © 2024 IJCRT | Volume 12, Issue 3 March 2024 | ISSN: 2320-2882

Problem
Identification

Problem
Evaluation
Scoping

Data
Modelling
Acquisition

Data
Exploring

Figure 2. Flow Chart

V. CHALLENGES
o Data quality and availability
o Model complexity and calibration
o Interdisciplinary integration
o Cost and Affordability
o Energy and Connectivity

VI. CONCLUSION
AI-integrated smart irrigation system represents a powerful tool for modern agriculture, offering a holistic
approach to water management, crop production, and resource conservation. By harnessing the capabilities
of artificial intelligence, sensor technologies, and decision support systems, farmers can achieve sustainable
and profitable agriculture while mitigating the challenges posed by climate change, water scarcity, and
environmental degradation. This project paper underscores the importance of continued research,
innovation, and adoption of technology-driven solutions to address the evolving needs of the agricultural
sector and ensure food security for future generations.
REFERENCES
1] AmarendraGoap, Deepak Sharma, A.K. Shukla, C. Rama Krishna, “An IoT based smart irrigation
management system using Machine learning and open-source technologies”, journal of Computers and
Electronics in Agriculture 155(2018) 41–49, September 2018.
2] AnnekethVij, Singh Vijendra, Abhishek Jain, Shivam Bajaj, AashimaBassi, Aarushi Sharma, “IoT and
machine learning approaches for automation of farm irrigation system”, journal of Procedia Computer
Science 167(2020) 1250-1257, 2020.
3] David Vallejo-Gómez, Marisol Osorio and Carlos A. Hincapié, “Smart Irrigation Systems in Agriculture:
A Systematic Review”, 13020342, January 2023.
4] Deepak sinwar, Vijaypalsinghdhaka, Manoj kumar sharma, and Geeta rani, “AI-Based yield preduction
and smart irrigation,” researchgate, 10.1007/978-981-15-0663-5_8, oct 2019.

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www.ijcrt.org © 2024 IJCRT | Volume 12, Issue 3 March 2024 | ISSN: 2320-2882

5] Khaled obtaindeen, Bashria A.A. Yousef, Maryam NoomanAlMallahi, Yong chai Tan, Montaser
Mahmoud, HaldiJaber, Mohamad Ramadan, “An overview of smart irrigation system using IoT,” Energy
Nexus 7 (2022) 100124, JULY 2022.
6] Madhurima Bhattacharya, Alak Roy and Jayanta Pal, “Smart irrigation system using internet of things,”
pp119-129, Aug 2020.
7] N. Rahul, S. Sumathi, S. Rajaprabu, J. Prawin Kumar, R.Varthish “IoT-Based smart irrigation system
using artificial intelligence”, 2456-3315, 2022.
8] RenkuanLian, Shirvi Zhang, Xin Zhang, Mingfei Wang, HuaruiWv, Lili Zgangzhong, “Development of
smart irrigation systems based on real-time soil moisture data in a greenhouse: proof of concept”,
Agricultural water management 2589-7217, November 2020.
9] Sojitra M. A, “Leveraging AI and machine learning for smart irrigation system management,” Agri-India
today, 03/x1/20/1123, Nov 2023.

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