Study of Compounds

A. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid (HCl).

Type 1: Short Answer Type Questions

1. Write balanced equation for the reaction of silver nitrate solution and sodium chloride
solution.
2. Write balanced equation for of reaction of conc. Hydrochloric acid and potassium
permanganate solution.
3. Give reasons for the following: Hydrogen chloride gas cannot be dried over
quicklime.
4. What do you observe when a glass rod dipped in ammonium hydroxide is brought
near the mouth of the conc hydrochloric acid bottle?
5. By the addition of only one solution, how would you distinguish between dilute
hydrochloric acid and dilute nitric acid?
6. Name the gas evolved by the action of conc sulphuric acid on sodium chloride.
7. Match each substance A to E listed below with the appropriate description given
below:
a. Sulphur b. Silver chloride
c. Hydrogen chloride d. Copper (II) sulphate
e. Graphite

i. A covalent compound which behaves like an ionic compound in aqueous

solution.
ii. A compound which is insoluble in cold water but soluble in excess of
ammonia solution.
8. Why is HCl gas not collected over water?
9. Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction of calcium bicarbonate and dilute
hydrochloric acid.
10. State what is observed when hydrochloric acid is added to silver nitrate solution.
11. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of zinc and dilute hydrochloric
acid.
12. Write the observation and balanced equation for the following:
Excess of ammonium hydroxide is added to a substance obtained by adding
hydrochloric acid in silver nitrate solution.
13. Write balanced equation for the following reaction:
Red lead (trilead tetroxide) is warmed with conc hydrochloric acid.
14. Name one lead compound that can be used to oxidize hydrogen chloride to chlorine.
15. Name an insoluble chloride.
16. Write balanced equation for the following reaction: dil. hydrochloric acid and sodium
sulphite.

ANSWERS
1. NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → AgCl ↓ +NaNO3 (aq)
White ppt
 ∆
2. KMNO4 + 16HCl → 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 8H2 O + 5Cl2 ↑

3. HCl gas cannot be dried over quicklime since it reacts with hydrogen chloride to form
respective chloride.
CaO + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2 O
4. Dense white fumes of ammonium chloride are evolved.
5. AgNO3 solution is added to both the acids. A white ppt of AgCl is obtained in case of
dil. HCl but no visible change occurs in case of dil. HNO3
6. HCl (Hydrogen Chloride)
7. i. Hydrogen chloride ii. Silver chloride
8. Since it is highly soluble in water.
9. Ca(HCO3 )2 + 2HCl (dil) → CaCl2 + 2H2 O + CO2 ↑
10. A white ppt of AgCl is obtained.
11. Zn + HCl (dil) → ZnCl2 + H2 ↑
12. A white ppt of AgCl is obtained which dissolves in excess of NH4OH due to the
formation of a soluble complex, diamine silver chloride.
∆
AgNO3 + HCl (dil) → AgCl ↓ (white ppt) + HNO3
AgCl + 2NH4 OH (excess) → Ag(NH3 )2 Cl (Diamine silver chloride − soluble) +
2H2 O
13. Pb3 O4 + 8HCl(conc) → 3PbCl2 + Cl2 + 4H2 O
14. Lead dioxide/ Read Lead
15. Silver chloride/ Lead chloride
∆
16. (Dil)2HCl + Na2 SO3 → 2NaCl + H2 O + SO2 ↑

Type 2: Long answer type questions

1. Refer to the flow chart diagram below and give balanced equations with conditions, if
any, for the following conversions:
Iron (II) Chloride
B
Sodium Chloride Hydrogen Chloride C Ammonium Chloride
A D
Lead Chloride

2. In the lab preparation of HCl acid, HCl gas is dissolved in water.

a. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement used for the absorption of HCl gas
in water.
b. Why is such an arrangement necessary? Give 2 reason.
c. Write the chemical equation for the lab preparation of HCl gas when the
reactants are.
i. Below 200oC
ii. Above 200oC

3. Write the balanced chemical equation for each of the following reactions:
 a. Sodium thiosulphate is reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid.
b. Calcium bicarbonate reacts with dilute HCl acid.

4. The diagram shows an apparatus for lab preparation of hydrogen chloride.

a. Identify A and B.
b. Write the equation for the reaction.
c. How would you check whether or not the gas jar is filled with hydrogen
chloride?
d. What does this method of collection tell you about the density of hydrogen
chloride?

5. Write balanced equation for each of the following cases.

a. Red lead is warmed with conc hydrochloric acid
b. Magnesium metal is treated with dil. hydrochloric acid.

6. a. What property of hydrogen chloride is demonstrated when it is collected by

the downward delivery (upward displacement)?
b. Write equations for the following reactions:
- Dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate.
- Dilute hydrochloric acid and lead nitrate solution.

7. a. Write the balanced equations for the preparation of sodium chloride from
sodium carbonate solution and dilute hydrochloric acid.
b. Of the two gases, ammonia and hydrogen chloride which is denser? Name the
method of collection of this gas. Give one example of a reaction between the
above two gases which produces a solid compound.
c. Write balanced equations for the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with each
of the following.
i. iron
ii. sodium hydrogen carbonate
iii. iron (II) sulphide
iv. sodium sulphite and
v. sodium thiosulphate.
8. a. State the correct compound from the list: Ammonia, copper oxide, copper
sulphate, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulphide, lead bromide – which
matches the descriptions given below: This compound can be oxidized to
chlorine.
 b. Write a balanced chemical equation for reaction of zinc and dil hydrochloric
acid.
c. State what is observed when hydrochloric acid is added to silver nitrate
solution.
d. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of calcium bicarbonate
and dil. hydrochloric acid.

9. Write balanced equations for the following reaction:

a. Copper oxide and dil. hydrochloric acid Manganese IV oxide and conc.
hydrochloric acid
b. Refer to the experiment illustrated below:

i. Name the experiment.

ii. Which property of hydrogen chloride is demonstrated by this
experiment?
iii. State the colour of the water that has entered the round bottom flask.

10. A solution of hydrogen chloride in water is prepared. The following substances are
added to separate portions of the solution.
S. No Substances Added Gas Evolved Odour
1 Calcium carbonate
2 Magnesium ribbon
3 Manganese (IV) oxide
4 Sodium sulphide

11. a. From the following gases – NH3, Cl2, HCl, SO2, Select the gas that matches
the description given below and answer the questions that follow:
When gas C is mixed with Gas B, dense white fumes are seen and there is no other
product [gas B turns moist red litmus paper blue]
i. What is the name of gas C?
ii. What is the name of the product of the reaction between gas B and Gas C?
b. What happens (state your observation) when dil HCl is added to lead nitrate
solution?
c. Manganese (IV) oxide, lead (IV) oxide and red lead (Pb3O4) react with conc.
HCl. Liberating chlorine.
i. What is the common property being shown by their metal oxides?
ii. Write the equation for the reaction of con HCl with Pb3O4.
12. Write the equations for:
a. The preparation of Hydrogen chloride from sodium chloride of sulphuric acid.
State whether the sulphuric acid should be concentrated or dilute.
b. The reaction of hydrogen chloride with ammonia.

ANSWERS
<200℃
1. A: NaCl + H2 SO4 (conc) → NaHSO4 + HCl ↑
B: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2 ↑
C: NH3 (g) + HCl (g) → NH4 Cl (s)
D: Pb(NO3 )2 + 2HCl (dil) → PbCl2 ↓ (white ppt) + 2HNO3

2. a.

b. Special funnel arrangement is used for avoiding back suction of water and
providing a large surface area for absorption of HCL gas.
c. Below 200oC
<200℃
i. NaCl + H2 SO4 → NaHSO4 + HCl (g)
(conc)
ii. Above 200oC
˃200℃
NaCl + H2 SO4 → Na2 SO4 + 2HCl (g)
(Conc)

3. i. Na2 S2 O3 + 2HCl (dil) → 2NaCl + SO2 + S + H2 O

Sodium thiosulphate
∆
ii. Ca(HCO3 )2 + 2HCl(dil) → CaCl2 + 2H2 O + 2CO2 ↑

4. i. A – Conc H2SO4 B – Sodium chloride (NaCl)

<200℃
ii. NaCl + H2 SO4 → NaHSO4 + HCl ↑
(conc)
iii. A glass rod when dipped in NH4OH near the mouth of the gas jar, dense white
fumes of ammonium chloride are evolved.
iv. The HCl gas is heavier than air. Therefore, it is collected by the upward
displacement of air.
∆
5. a. Pb3O4 + 8 HCl (conc) → 3PbCl2 + 4H2O + Cl2 ↑
b. Mg + 2HCl (dil) → MgCl2 + H2 ↑

6. a. Hydrogen chloride is heavier than air.

b. Dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate.
Na2 S2 O3 + 2HCl(dil) → 2NaCl + H2 O + SO2 + S
 Dilute hydrochloric acid and lead nitrate solution.
Pb(NO3 )2 + 2HCl → PbCl2 ↓ +2HNO3

7. a. Na2 CO3 + 2HCl (dil) → 2NaCl + CO2 ↑ +H2 O ↑

b. i. Hydrogen chloride gas is denser than Ammonia gas.
Hydrogen chloride gas is collected by the upward displacement of air.
ii. Hydrogen chloride and ammonia gases react to form solid ammonium
chloride.
c. i. Fe + 2HCl (dil) → FeCl2 + H2 ↑
ii. NaHCO3 + HCl (dil) → NaCl + H2 O + CO2 ↑
iii. FeS + 2HCl (dil) → FeCl2 + H2 ↑
iv. Na2 SO3 + 2HCl(dil) → 2NaCl + H2 O + SO2 ↑
v. Na2 S2 O3 + 2HCl (dil) → 2NaCl + SO2 ↑ +S ↓ +H2 O

8. a. Hydrogen Chloride
b. Zn + 2HCl (dil) → ZnCl2 + H2 ↑
c. A white precipitate of AgCl is formed.
∆
d. CaHCO3 + HCl(dil) → CaCl2 + H2 O + CO2 ↑

9. a. Copper oxide and dil hydrochloric

_
acid
CuO + 2HCl(dil) → CuCl2 + H2 O
Manganese IV oxide and conc. hydrochloric acid
∆
MnO2 + 4HCl(conc) → MnCl2 + 2H2 O + Cl2 ↑
b. i. Fountain experiment ii. High solubility in water
iii. Red

10. S. No Substances Added Gas Evolved Odour

1 Calcium carbonate Carbon dioxide Odourless
2 Magnesium ribbon Hydrogen Odourless
3 Manganese (IV) oxide Chorine Pungent
4 Sodium sulphide Hydrogen sulphide Rotten eggs

11. a. i. C is a Hydrogen chloride gas.

ii. Ammonium chloride.
b. A white precipitate of PbCl2 is formed.
c. i. They are oxidising agents.
∆
ii. Pb3 O4 + 8HCl (conc) → 3PbCl2 + 4H2 O + Cl2

<200℃
12. a. NaCl + H2 SO4 (conc) → NaHSO4 + HCl
Sulphuric acid should be concentrated
b. NH3 (g) + HCl (g) → NH4 Cl(s)

B. AMMONIA (NH3) & NITRIC ACID (HNO3)

Type 1: Short answer type questions
1. Write balanced equations for the reaction of:
a. Dilute nitric acid and copper carbonate.
b. Ammonia and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst.
2. Give reasons for: Iron is rendered passive with fuming nitric acid.
3. What do you observe when ammonia gas is burnt in an atmosphere of oxygen gas in
the absence of a catalyst?
4. Write balanced equation for the case of Magnesium nitride is treated with warm
water.
5. Name the gas evolved (formula is not accepted): The gas produced by the action of
dilute nitric acid on copper.
6. Write the equation for the following reaction of Aluminum nitride and water.
7. Name an alkaline gas ‘A’ which gives dense white fumes with hydrogen chloride.
8. State what is observed when excess of ammonia is passed through an aqueous
solution of lead nitrate.
9. Name the substance used for drying ammonia.
10. Write a balanced chemical equation to illustrate the reducing nature of ammonia.
11. From the list of substances given:
Ammonium sulphate, lead carbonate, chlorine, copper nitrate, ferrous sulphate.
State a compound which releases a reddish-brown gas on reaction with concentrated
Sulphur acid and copper turnings.
12. Write balanced chemical equations for the reaction of chlorine with excess ammoni
13. Write the equation for the reaction between copper and conc nitric acid.
14. Name the ion other than the ammonium ion formed when ammonia dissolves
in water.
15. Name (formula is not accepted) the gas produced
a. By action of conc nitric acid on copper
b. By heating of ammonium nitrate (Name only the nitrogen containing
compound)
16. From the formula listed below choose one corresponding to the salt having the given
description: AgCl, CuCO3, CuSO4, 5H2O, KNO3, NaCl, NaHSO4, Pb (NO3)2, ZnCO3,
ZnSO4∙7H2O
This salt gives nitrogen dioxide on heating.
17. What do you see when conc nitric acid is added to copper?

ANSWERS
1. a. Dilute nitric acid and copper carbonate
CuCO3 + 2HNO3 (dil) → Cu(NO3 )2 + H2 O + CO2 ↑
b. Ammonia and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst
Pt
4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2 O + 21.5Kcal
700℃−800℃
2. Iron is rendered passive with fuming nitric acid due to the formation of a thin oxide
coating on the surface of the metal which prevents further reaction.
3. It burns with a greenish yellow flame producing nitrogen gas and water vapours.
4. Mg 3 N2 + 6H2 O → 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3 ↑
5. Nitric Oxide
 ∆
6. AlN + 3H2 O → Al(OH)3 + NH3 ↑
7. Ammonia.
8. A chalky white ppt of lead hydroxide is formed which is insoluble in excess of
NH4OH.
∆
Pb(NO3 )2 + 2NH4 OH → Pb(OH)2 + 2NH4 NO3
9. Quicklime (CaO).
10. 3CuO + 2NH3 → 3Cu + 3H2 O + N2 ↑
11. Copper nitrate.
12. 8NH3 (excess) + 3Cl2 → 6NH4 Cl + N2
(Excess)
∆
13. Cu + 4HNO3 (conc. ) → Cu(NO3 )2 + 2H2 O + 4NO2 ↑
14. Hydroxyl Ion (OH-)
15. a. Nitrogen dioxide.
b. Nitrous oxide.
16. Pb (NO3)2
17. Reddish brown fumes of NO2 are evolved and the solution turns blue due to the
formation of copper nitrate

C. SULPHURIC ACID (H2SO4)

Type 1: Short answer type questions
1. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of the zinc sulphide and dilute sulphuric
acid.
2. Write balanced equation for Diluted Sulphuric acid is poured over sodium sulphite.
3. Identify the following substances:
a. Gas C has a smell like rotten eggs.
b. Gas D is a colorless gas which can be used as a bleaching agent.
4. Write the equation for the following reaction: Sulphur dioxide and water.
5. What property of conc. H2SO4 is used in the action when sugar turns black in its
presence?
6. Which property of conc H2SO4 allows it to be used in the preparation of HCl and
HNO3?
7. Write the equations for the reactions:
a. dil. Sulphuric acid and barium chloride.
b. dil. Sulphuric acid and sodium sulphide.
8. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of potassium hydrogen
carbonate with dilute sulphuric acid.

ANSWERS
1. FeS + H2 SO4 (dil) → FeSO4 + H2 S ↑
∆
2. Na2 SO3 + H2 SO4 (dil) → Na2 SO4 + H2 O + SO2 ↑
3. a. Hydrogen sulphide gas
b. Sulphur dioxide gas
4. SO2 + H2 O → H2 SO3
5. Dehydrating agent
6. Conc sulphuric acid is less volatile than HCl and HNO3.
7. a. dil. Sulphuric acid and barium chloride
BaCl2 + H2 SO4 (dil) → BaSO4 ↓ (curdy white ppt) + 2HCl
b. dil. Sulphuric acid and sodium sulphide
∆
H2 SO4 (dil) + Na2 S → Na2 SO4 + H2 S ↑
8. KHCO3 + H2 SO4 (dil) → KHSO4 + H2 O + CO2 ↑ OR
2KHCO3 + H2 SO4 (dil) → K 2 SO4 + 2H2 O + 2CO2 ↑