REPORT FLOW

Introduction of the topic

Introduction of presentors

Objectives

LESSON PROPER

Luzon
 Igorot: A collective term for many ethnic groups, including the Ifugao, Bontoc, Kankanaey, and
Ibaloi
 Ifugao: Known for their Banaue Rice Terraces and harvest festivals
 Bontoc: Known for their wood and stone carvings, and ancient rituals and dances
 Kankanaey: Known for their woven clothing and beadwork
 Ibaloi: Known for their Kabayan Mummies, which are mummified using salt water
Visayas
 Badjao: Known as sea nomads, they are skilled fishermen and deep sea divers
 Ati ; A Negrito ethnic group that primarily live on the islands of Boracay, Panay, and Negros.
 Hiligaynon ;An ethnic group that is common in the Visayan Islands, Mindanao, and the center and
south of the Philippines. They speak the Hiligaynon language.
 Suludnon; A culturally indigenous group that live in the mountainous areas of Capiz-Lambunao and
Antique-Iloilo in Panay. They are also known as the Panay-Bukidnon, Pan-ayanon, or Tumandok.
 Waray; An indigenous group that live in the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines. They speak
Waray or Samarnon and have their own alphabet, Waray-Waray. They have a strong tradition of
literature in verse.
Mindanao
 Ata: A Lumad subgroup
 Bagobo: A Lumad subgroup that lives in the Davao Region
 Bukidnon: A Lumad subgroup that lives in Bukidnon
 Kalagan: A Lumad subgroup that lives in the lowland areas and seashores of Davao
 Manobo: A large Lumad subgroup that includes the Ata-Manobo, Matigsalug, Langilan-Manobo,
Agusan-Manobo, Pulanguiyon-Manobo, Ubo-Manobo, Arumanen-Manobo, and Dulangan-Manobo
 Mamanwa: A Lumad subgroup that lives in the Agusan-Surigao border region
 Subanon: A Lumad subgroup that lives in the upland areas of Zamboanga
 Tagakaulo: A Lumad subgroup that lives in Davao del Sur and Sarangani Province
 T'boli: A Lumad subgroup that lives in the Cotabato region
 Teduray: A Lumad subgroup that lives in the Cotabato region

CULTURES;
LUZON
IGOROT
Culture:
• The Igorot practice a native religion that is often called "animism".
• They believe in spirits, including those of their ancestors, and have complex rituals to propitiate
them.
• They are known for their metalworking in iron and brass, weaving, and animal sacrifice.
IFUGAO
Material culture
 Clothing: Men wear loincloths, and women wear wraparound skirts
 Houses: Built on posts and decorated with carvings
 Musical instruments: Gangsa gongs
Non-material culture
 Hudhud: An epic poem sung during rice sowing, harvest, and funerals
 Bulul: Carved wooden figures that act as granary guardians
 Hagabi: A prestige bench for the upper class
Religion
 An elaborate cosmology with many deities
 Ancestral deities are invoked during illness or other difficulties
 HISTORY OF CORDILLERA (CAR)

A Brief History

Before the advent of colonialism into what is now known as the Philippine archipelago,
the people of the Cordillera Region were communities or villages of tribes and clans.
Spanish colonization, from 1521 to 1896, succeeded in subjugating most of the people
of the islands which eventually formed the Philippines. However, within the islands
effectively colonized by Spain were communities that remained largely free and
unconquered.

These communities were the Igorots of Northern Luzon, the Aetas of Central Luzon
and the Moros of Mindanao in South Philippines. Throughout the 300 years of Spanish
colonization, these communities continued to enjoy independence by being able to
practice their own systems and ways of life. From the start, the Spanish colonizers
were interested in the gold of the Igorots who were trading this with the lowlanders.
The colonizers conducted several expeditions into the Cordillera, but were effectively
repulsed by strong Igorot resistance.

The Americans who took over from the Spanish colonizers were, however, able to
effectively colonize the Cordillera Region from 1899 to 1945. They opened large-scale
mining activities in areas where indigenous peoples used to practice small-scale
mining such as in the province of Benguet. They established schools and churches in
the different parts of the region. They also introduced the commercial production of
vegetables that grows best only in temperate zones. They also established the city of
Baguio and within it, Camp John Hay as the rest and recreation area of American
miners and soldiers. American colonization started the swift process of the integration
of the Cordillera indigenous peoples into the mainstream economic and political
systems put in place by colonizers in the Philippines.

The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) of the Philippines have
unique cultural traditions and religious beliefs. These beliefs and traditions are passed down through
generations and are central to their way of life.
Beliefs
Spirits
Indigenous peoples of the Cordillera believe in spirits, including those of their ancestors. They
perform rituals to appease these spirits.
Nature
Indigenous peoples of the Cordillera believe that nature is sacred and should be protected. They
practice indigenous land management systems to ensure the sustainability of their resources.
Life and death
Indigenous peoples of the Cordillera believe that death is a transition to the spirit world. They
perform rituals to honor the cycle of life.
Practices
Animal sacrifice
Indigenous peoples of the Cordillera perform animal sacrifices as part of their religious practices.
Herbal medicine
Indigenous peoples of the Cordillera use herbal medicines as part of their religious practices.
Metalworking
Indigenous peoples of the Cordillera practice metalworking in iron and brass.
Weaving
Indigenous peoples of the Cordillera practice weaving.
Tattooing
Indigenous peoples of the Cordillera practiced tattooing, which was often individualized and covered
large areas of the body.
Communities
Community unity
Indigenous peoples of the Cordillera value community unity, collective work, and mutual
cooperation.
Consensus decision-making
Indigenous peoples of the Cordillera practice consensus decision-making, where elders are given a
premium.
Ancestral domain

Main article: Ancestral domain

In the Philippines, the term is used to refer to indigenous peoples' land rights in law.[12] Ancestral lands are
referred to in the Philippines Constitution. Article XII, Section 5 says: "The State, subject to the provisions
of this Constitution and national development policies and programs, shall protect the rights of indigenous
cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social, and cultural well-being." [13]

The Indigenous People's Rights Act of 1997 recognizes the right of Indigenous peoples to manage their
ancestral domains.[14] The law defines ancestral domain to include lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and
natural resources owned or occupied by Indigenous peoples, by themselves or through their ancestors.[15]

The Food and Agriculture Organization's research on forest land ownership in the Philippines found
conflicts in institutional mandates among the Local Government Code, mining law and the National
Integrated Protected Areas Act, and recommended exclusive resource use rights to community-based forest
management communities.