They Say I Say
They Say I Say
They Say I Say
Academic
Writing
GERALD GRAFF
CATHY BIRKENSTEIN
both of the University of Illinois at Chicago
>r
W W NORTON & COMPANY
N E W YORK
1/.- -'N^,-".^
LONDON
THREE
"As
HE
HIMSELF
PUTS
IT"
I,
II'
FRAME EVERY Q U O T A T I O N
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THREE
"As
HE
HIMSELF
PUTS
IT"
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TEMPLATES FOR INTRODUCING QUOTATIONS
X states, "
According to X, ",
If!
FIGURE
4 2
"
"
Susan Bordo writes about women and dieting. "Fiji is just one example. Until television was introduced in 1995, the islands had no
reported cases of eating disorders. In 1998, three years after programs from the United States and Britain began broadcasting there,
62 percent of the girls surveyed reported dieting."
I 1
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..."
^\
....."
In her book,
,-..
"
"
"
,
"
"
"
When adding such introductory phrases, be sure to use language that accurately reflects the spirit of the quoted passage.
It is quite serviceable to write "Bordo states" or "asserts" in
introducing the quotation about Fiji. But given the fact that
Bordo is clearly alarmed by the effect of the extension of the
media's reach to Fiji, it is far more accurate to use language that
reflects her alarm: "Bordo is alarmed that" or "is disturbed by"
or "complains." (See Chapter 2 for a list of verbs for introducing what others say.)
4 3
THREE
"As
HE
HIMSELF
PUTS
IT"
Basically, X is saying
:.
-.,._
_
X is insisting that
1
T H REE
'As
HE
HIMSELF
PUTS
IT"
Exercises
4 7
INDEX OF TEMPLATES
(p. 2ij
>
(p. 22)
>
>
Illl
INDEX
OF
TEMPLATES
Index of Templates
M A K I N G W H A T " T H E Y SAY"
-.
that ..
-..
In conclusion, then, as I suggested earlier, defenders of_._
..,
, I also believe
INTRODUCING S O M E T H I N G
I M P L I E D OR A S S U M E D
(p. 23)
X acknowledges that
* Although none of them have ever said so directly, my teachers have
X agrees that
,.
One
implication
of X's
treatment
of
is
that
_.
X believes that
_,.
X claims that
X complains that
X concedes that
I N T R O D U C I N G AN O N G O I N G DEBATE
(p. 24)
X demonstrates that ,
.._
contends
My own view is
argues
..
X emphasizes that
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,_- is contra-
1
NDEx
OF
Index of Templates
T E M P L A T E S
X insists that
X observes that
Basically, X is saying
X questions whether
* In other words, X believes
X reports that
X suggests that
X urges us to
INTRODUCING Q U O T A T I O N S
* X states, "
According to X, "
In her book,
..-.'
--_
."
has shown,
"
By focusing on .^-
X claims
"
argues
In X's view, "
{p. S5)
that
D I S A G R E E I N G , W I T H REASONS
"
(p. 43)
."
X is insisting that
"
1 6 6
familiar with
1 6 7
INDEX
OF
TEMPLATES
Index of Templates
A G R E E I N G W I T H A DIFFERENCE
(p. 57)
>
X is right that
I agree that
because my experience
confirms it.
_..., she is
right that
X's theory of
I agree that
I agree that
IVIy feelings on the issue are mixed. I do support X's position that
and Z's
to be equally persuasive.
S I G N A L I N G W H O IS SAYING W H A T
(p. 6j)
__.
Politicians ^.,.-
S I M U L T A N E O U S L Y (pp. 59-61J
., X argues, should .
Most athletes will tell you that ... Although I agree with X up to a point, 1 cannot accept his overall
conclusion that
* Although I disagree with much that X says, I fully endorse his final
conclusion that
_.
But
instead.
1 6 8
-.
_ __
, Y and
convinces me that
--.
and
__..
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INDEX
OF
Index 0/ Templates
TEMPLATES
>
X is right that ._
X is wrong that
_..,.
After all,
and _
-.
,_..
(p. 79J
E M B E D D I N G V O I C E MARKERS
that
(pp. 70-71J
But social Darwinists would certainly take issue with the argument
^
is in fact a
.._
Although not all Christians think alike, some of them will probably
dispute my claim that
E N T E R T A I N I N G OBJECTIONS
(p. 78)
I N T R O D U C I N G OBJECTIONS INFORMALLY
(p. 80)
ignoring
"
,"
she
says
to
me.
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INDEX
OF
>
Index of Templates
TEMPLATES
, which pre-
her seminal work on cell structures and functions, that fat cells
As
leading scientist,
....-." (200-).
was that
(p. 85)
._
But a new body of research shows that fat cells are far more
complex and that
used to think
few decades] ._
(p. 97J
What this new research does, then, is correct the mistaken impres*
tion
I N D I C A T I N G W H O CARES
.__
-. How-
-.
,;
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.1
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INDEX
OF
Index of Templates
TEMPLATES
Contrast
although
but
by contrast
conversely
despite the fact that
even though
however
in contrast
-. as well as in ,.^.-
nevertheless
nonetheless
on the contrary
on the other hand
regardless
whereas
while
yet
Addition
also
and
besides
furthermore
in addition
in fact
indeed
moreover
so too
Concession
admittedly
although it is true that
granted
I concede that
of course
naturally
to be sure
for instance
specifically
to take a case in poin
.'
Example
after all
as an illustration
consider
for example
t
t1
Elaboration
actually
by extension
in short
that is
in other words
C O M M O N L Y USED TRANSITIONS
since
so
then
therefore
thus
likewise
similarly
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