STUDENT NAME: ABLAZO, MYLA PATEÑO

COURSE, YEAR & SECTION: BEED-1B

CLASS SCHEDULE: 10:00-11:00 AM (MWF)

Module 1 : PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE

LET’S TAKE A BREAK:

Watch a clip from Disney Pixars Inside out animated film and compose a short
reflection about the film.

Inside Out is about the emotions that give each and every one of us our life and
personality. Joy, Anger, Fear, Disgust, and Sadness all work together inside the head of a
little girl named Riley. Riley’s emotions — led by Joy — try to guide her through this
difficult, life-changing event. However, the stress of the move brings Sadness to the
forefront. The core emotions are trainable, they are changeable they are constructed in
specific context, they are changeable, flexible& playful, they are interchangeable, and no
emotion fixed. By the portrayal of the movie with regards on our emotion that the
human emotions are learned emotions that are acquired throughout the time and our
experiences as we face our day-to-day life. The core emotions of human beings are the
joy, sadness, anger, fear and disgust were this emotions are lamed emotions end exhibit
themselves in ones lite and control the humans mind.
LEARNING TASK ASSESSMENT:

1. Textual analysis. Explain each of the following passages

“I am the wisest man alive, for I know one thing, and that is, that I know nothing.” -(Socrates)
Plato, The Republic

This saying shows a willingness to learn new things. It is common sense to realize that even
though one is intelligent and knowledgeable: There seems to be a constant opportunity to learn
new things. In each case, Socrates affirmed that he would rather be as he is, knowing that he
knows nothing, than to be inflated by a false sense of his own great wisdom. Thus, he
concludes, he truly is wiser than other men because he does not think he knows what he does
not know.

“All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to the understanding and ends
with reason. There is nothing higher than reason.”-Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason

This quotation of Kant is about the stages or a practical reasoning with the existence of moral
law, which place moral duty above the pursuit of happiness. Human mind is every active in its
interpretation of what we sense through our very own experience, and this is very necessary in
order for us to interpret our observation. Out of our senses into knowledge, through our
understanding that sharpen through onetime of using our senses in the environment where we
living with our experience. After we understand things, we are able to reason out about it.
Without this faculty, we would not be able to have intelligible perceptions and cognitions or
make judgements about what we are experiencing.

“And what more am I? I look for aid to the imagination. [But how mistakenly!] I am not the
assemblage of limbs we call the human body; I am not subtle penetrating air distributed
throughout all these members; I am not a wind, a fire, a vapor, a breath or anything at all that
I can imagine. I am supposing all these things to be nothing. Yet I find, while so doing, that I
am still assured that I am still something.”

-Rene Descartes, Mediations on First Philosophy

The persona on this quotation keeps telling on herself that he/she is not enough. He/she
doubting on herself regarding his/her ability. He is looking for the character he/she don’t
possess. He keep on comparing what he got to something else to which only made him blind for
who he truly is. Until, along the way of his longing, he finally realize he's got something in him
he couldn't figure out yet nor he can compare with something else for he is more than anything
else.
 “Look into the depths of your own soul and learn first to know yourself, then you will
understand why this illness was bound to come upon you, perhaps you will thenceforth avoid
falling ill.” - Sigmund Freud, Character and Culture

If you truly know yourself, you will never doubt of things about yourself and your doings
especially that most of us is insecure to others for having the characteristics that we do not
have in ourselves and we have many flaws to be ashamed of. However, in order for us to be
strong and be vibrant from other we must accept who we are first to avoid self-doubts and
falling apart.

“I discover that there are other minds in misunderstanding what other people say and do.” -
Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of the Mind

It means that we all have different opinions and we also have different perspective in life or
other things that can sometimes lead us to a misunderstanding because we don't put ourselves
in another person's shoe or standing life and we don't open our minds for other things.

“Whether it’s a question of my body, the natural world, the past, birth or death, the question
is always to know how I can be open to phenomena that transcend me and that,
nevertheless, only exist to the extent that I take them up and live them.” - Merleau-Ponty,
Phenomenology of Perception

2. Discussion. Answer each of the following questions.

a. Compare and contrast the elements of the mind according to Plato and the life of St.
Augustine.
For Plato, the Psyche is composed of three elements. First, Appetitive element of the
Psyche include one’s desires, pleasures, physical satisfactions, comforts, etc. Second, the
Spirited element is part of the Psyche that is excited when given challenges, or fights
back when agitated, or fights for justice when unjust practices are evident. In a way this
is the hot-blooded part of the Psyche. Last, the mind, however, is what Plato considers
the as the most superior of all the elements. He refers to this element as the nous which
means the conscious awareness of the self. The nous is the super power that controls
the affairs of the self. It decides analyzes, things ahead, proposes what is best, and
rationally controls both the appetitive and spirited elements of the psyche.
b. Differentiate the concepts of the self according to Descartes and that of Locke.
Descartes' concept of the self is a bit different than Locke's. Descartes states that there
are two parts to the self, with one part being rational and another irrational. He believes
that rationality should be in control and able to guide our actions by reason alone.
 Additionally, he doesn't believe in empirical knowledge because it cannot be trusted as
we may not always know all the information or every side of an issue. Locke, on the
other hand, believes that while we cannot know our essence like Descartes says we can
(because this is an idea beyond human comprehension), what is more important to us
as humans and to society in general is how we act within a community. He states that
the self exists not only in ways of rationality but also through social interactions and
connections.
c. For Hume, what is it that make “your” perceptions inaccessible to “me” and vice versa?
Every person is different, we look things differently, my opinion is opposite to your and
vise versa. This is because we our not the same.
d. What are some of the criticisms that have been brought against Freud and
psychoanalysis?
Two common criticism, exposed by lay people and professionals, are that the
psychoanalysis is too simple to ever explain something as complex as a human mind,
and that Freud emphasized sex.

3. Key terms. List some terminologies associated with each philosopher. Briefly define or
describe each term.

Philosopher Key Terms Definition

SOCRATES Virtue A quality which makes a

person a good example of it's
type

AUGUSTINE Platonism Believed that the soul can

ascend to merge with the
One (God) where it
encounters truth, wisdom
and happiness

DESCARTES Rationalism Through rationalism

Descartes claims that
knowledge is possible only if
it is based on self-evident
principles, pure thought and
non-sensory reason.

HUME Impressions Impressions are perceptions

that the mind experiences
 with the “most force and
violence,”

KANT Relativism The theory that there are no

universal truths; truth is
relative to the subject and
can vary from person to
person and society to society.

FREUD Conscious Mind contains all of the thoughts,

memories, feelings, and
wishes of which we are
aware at any given moment.
This is the aspect of our
mental processing that we
can think and talk about
rationally. This also includes
our memory, which is not
always part of consciousness
but can be retrieved easily
and brought into awareness.

MERLEAU-PONTY Body-subject The notions of the body-

subject transcends the
separations of body and spirit
and points to how at the
bodily level of existence
there is meaning giving. Co-
consitution takes place at the
level of the embodied pre
reflective level of relating and
experiencing. In our everyday
experience, our body is not
an object among others but
our orientation to the world
4. Self Awareness Index Log on to http://goo.gl/forms/yELu8JxmiMpwjold2 and answer the
survey on self-awareness index. After answering the forms, click view scores then right click for
print options, print and submit.

5. Watch a video about SELF-AWARENESS and write a reflection in no less than 200 words.

After watching the video about self awareness I learned that self-awareness plays an important
role in our life. People who are self aware are most likely to succeed in life, always make good
choices, have a strong relationship, and better communicator. Conversely, people who are not self
aware are always get in trouble, they easily give up on things, and they often blame others even
they are the one who made mistakes. Nevertheless, there are also people pretending that they
are self aware, but why they are pretending? Why they are fooling themselves? I came up to
realization that people are pretending because they are not open to feedback, they don't accept
the suggestion and views of other.

I also learned that people who spend more time in self-reflection are not self-aware. Thinking
about the negatives things that we have done are actually damaging our self-awareness, making
us far of who we truly are. As Tasha Eurich said, stop asking yourself "why instead ask yourself
what". Asking why to ourselves only lead us away from our true self. Therefore, stop asking
questions that will make your mood bad. On the other hand, asking what will make us a better
person. Self-awareness can be develop if you are open to change and improvement.

Overall, self-awareness is necessary because it helps us to become better decision-makers, gives

us more self-confidence, allows us to understand things from multiple perspectives, helps us
build better relationships and makes us happier
 Module 2: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Take a break and watch a video titled “Maskara” available in the moodle platform and write a
reflective reaction.

The documentary that I've watched show about the various perception of peoples about
attractiveness. It illustrate that people from University of Eastern Philippines has been influenced
by other culture on how they define beauty. Additionally, we can also observed that social media
has a great impact on how a millennials define beauty. For them, you are considered attractive if
you have a pointed nose, good eyes, good posture and etc. Conversely, if you are not good looking
somebody will mock and bullied you. That is why many people around the globe decided to make
changes on how they look because society make them feel that they are not worth it to be called
beautiful that being ugly is a shame. It just so sad to think that there is no fair treatment between
beautiful and ugly people. For example, attractive people are described as trustworthy, competent,
friendly, likable and intelligent, while ugly people get the opposite labels. Not all the time, but
often, the attractive get the first-class treatment. This is the of the halo effect.

Beauty lies in the heart not on the face but society treats ugly people very differently. It seems ugly
people are the curse of nature, this is not humanity to treat them badly. Yes it is , normally people
give importance to out look and they ignore internal beauty of heart so persons who are not good
looking they have too much inferiority complexes but this is not good they must do there job
sincerely and give respect to all then definitely people recognize their beauty of heart , and they no
need to feel inferior .There are so many examples in history of famous personalities who are not
good looking at all but they get respect by their nice work and nice feeling heart .
Watch a video about How Our Identities Are Socially Constructed By Florencia Escobedo
Munoz and write a reflection in no less than 200 words.

How Our Identities Are Socially Constructed By Florencia Escobedo Munoz

Reflection

Personal identity is the concept you develop about yourself that evolves over the course of
your life. This may include aspects of your life that you have no control over, such as
where you grew up or the color of your skin, as well as choices you make in life, such as
how you spend your time and what you believe. You demonstrate portions of your
personal identity outwardly through what you wear and how you interact with other
people.

Florencia Escobedo Munoz, talks about the importance of identity in our lives. Identity
plays an important role in everyone’s life because identity tells us who or what a person or
thing is. Our identity is how we define who ourselves; it is also how others define us (and
these definitions are often not the same). She also added that our identity is changing, for
example a person who is of low social class and therefore is identified as poor. If the
person later in the future makes it and becomes prominent, the individual’s identity
changes from being poor to being rich. Also, if a person used to be gay for almost all his life
and then finally after a long period of time decides to become straight, the person’s
identity will change from being homosexual to being heterosexual.

According to her, we can't construct our identity alone, because we need the help of
others to construct our own identity. Therefore, we need to be open minded about what
other people say to us because I believe if we accept the feedback of other people we can
make ourselves better. If we accepts and apply it our lives we can now express ourselves.
After knowing ourselves, its time for us to show our true color to the world.

From the video, I have learned that we need to express and show to other people about
who truly are because identity is what makes a person unique and it creates who you are.
Without it, an individual would have lost that thing that sets him out from every other
person and what makes him who he is.
Watch a video about How Culture Drives Behaviours by Julien S. Bourrelle and write a
reflection in no less than 200 words.

How Culture Drives Behaviours By Julien S. Bourrelle

Reflection
Our culture makes us distinct to other people in the world. That is why we interpret things
differently, we behave differently, we response differently, we act differently, we socialize
differently this is because we grew up with different cultures. According to Julien S.
Bourrelle when we move to other country there are three(3) ways we can relate to other
culture: confront, complain, and conform.

He also stated that the only way to benefit from cultural diversity is to conform which he
describe as being achieved by observing, learning, and understanding the new culture. This
is true because if we decide to go to different country, we need to respect, adopt, learn,
and recognize our differences for us to have a better communication and fit to society.

In general, learning to perceive a particular behavior from other culture is the only key for
us to benefit from cultural diversity. Also, I believe that if we collaborate to other people
around the globe our ability to solve problem will improve as will as our creativity.

MODULE 2.1 MEAD & THE SOCIAL SELF

LEARNING TASK ASSESSMENT

How do you negotiate your self-identity in the different social contexts you are into? Use the
space provided inside the box.
 Negotiating My Self-Identity

As people grow older or wiser, they no longer negotiate their self personality into diverse
settings. They know and get it themselves and acknowledged who they are, and they are
that individual in. Every social setting. We all have numerous sides to our character, such as
energy, seriousness, mischievous, irate, serious, etc. and those are sides we bring out
depends on the situation, but seldom does ones self character truly change. We
continuously keep up our social character, but how we express it in each social setting
depends on the circumstance. In a large group of people where many are laughing and
having a good time, you can always focus on your genuine humorous side and join in. You
can center on your more serious and explanatory side when you're in a bunch that's also in
a more genuine and centered disposition. We are human, were not perfect hence, we
made mistakes. This can be a explanation we must keep clear in our minds

Physically, I am a Filipino woman with somewhat a straight black hair. I am a simple person
that is often incredibly thoughtful, constantly considering other own personal mood and
what others around me might need. Additionally, I negotiate myself as being an
understanding person. Like for example to what happen to my friend, she called me last
week and told me about their huge fight between her boyfriend. She was devastated and
don’t know what to do. Instead of saying " if you had listened to me that wouldn't have
happened to you", I comforted her and give and advise. By understanding the different
context I can be able to connect and understand other people.

Assessment:

Test 1: Multiple Choices. Encircle the letter of your chosen answer.

1. It represents the self as subject, and the individual’s impulses.

a. “I” b. “Me” c. “You” d. “We”

2. In this stage, children ca begin to understand and adhere to the rules of games.

a. Game b. Language c. Play d. Preparatory

3. He is known for his concept of looking-glass self.

a. Cooley b. Mead c. Erikson d. Freud

4. This occurs when one is labeled, and others’ views and expectations of an individual are
affected by labeling.

a. Internalized prejudice c. Self labeling

b. Labeling bias d. Social Comparison

5. This occurs when individuals turn prejudice directed toward them by others onto themselves

a. Internalized prejudice c. Self labeling

b. Labeling bias d. Social Comparison

Test II. Essay. Describe some aspects of your self concept that have been created through
social comparison. Write down your though and feelings in no less than 300 words ( use
separate sheet if necessary)

There are many ways on how I viewed myself. There are time that I see myself as a good
person, and there are times that I look myself as bad person. How I see myself are mostly
influenced by the people I see on TV and the people who I socialize. Comparing myself to
other people can't be avoided especially when I felt that they are much better than me.

One example on how social comparison have shaped me is when I was an elementary. During
this time, I felt envy to my other classmates because they have new school uniform, new
shoes, new bag, and always have a pocket money while me sitting on the side and watching
them. These observation lead me to question my standard of living. If I’m just rich just like
them, I wont be able to experience this, If my parents just finished their college and get
stable job, then I wont feel this way. This upward social comparison made me exhausted at
the same way made me feel more motivated to improved. Another example of when I was
affected by social comparison was when one of my peers had a new phone. This was when I
felt realized that I want a new android too. However, due to the lack of money I’m not able to
buy a new one.

Social comparison have positive and negative effects on us, it just depends to us on how we
can turn those negative feeling to a positive one.
 Module 3: ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

LEARNING TASK ASSESSMENT:

Concept Map. Create an organized diagram that connects all of the following terms:
Anthropology
a. Community
b. Culture
c. Human beings
d. Normative Orientation
e. Rituals
f. Self
g. Self-awareness
h. Social issues
i. Tribes
True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect

a. True Anthropologists emphasized that the self is purely cultural beings whose thoughts
and actions are prescribed by society.
b. True Culture encompasses all aspects of human being including art, language,
subsistence, history, thoughts and the like.
c. False Religion is NOT part of culture because anything that pertains to God and Faith is
holy and cannot be subjected to scientific experimentation
d. True In recognition to uniqueness of the other person, one must be able to respect
cultural practices involve and violence and repression.
e. True Normative orientation speaks to the self as reflexive of the ethical norms of the
community

Watch the video clips about Anthropological Perspective entitled We Are Not All That
Different by Seconde Nikemya and How Culture Affect Your Personality. Make a summary
and reflection.

We Are Not All That Different: Race and Culture Identity

Summary

Seconde Nikemya talks us about her life experiences and how people gone through just to be
accepted by society. According to her that whether you're gay, or straight, black or white, Jewish,
Christian, or Muslim, democrat or republican, at their very core, human beings are yearning for the
same thing: To be accepted for who they are.

Differences is affecting the youth mostly because of their race, sexual gender identity, and religion
they practice. What can we do so that our next generation can live in a world where differences are
celebrated? First, start where you are. Second, be brave by having conversation that has
sometimes uncomfortable. Last, be flexible even if something you don't understand or don't agree
with. With these we can build a beautiful world if we use our differences as catalyst to lift up one
another we might even change the world.
 We Are Not All That Different: Race and Culture Identity

Reflection

Being different is hard. Society will judge you, discriminate you, belittle you, isolate you, and often
not accept you. People that are different to others, for example having a race that differs to other,
having a black skin, being gay, having different religion to others are often pretend and hide their
own identity because they want to belong and to be accepted by the society. Just like what
happened to Nikemya, because of her skin color and her origin she decided to hide her origin
because she was ashamed of it. She think that if people find out her origins people will judge her.

As what Nikemya said, whether you're gay, or straight, black or white, Jewish, Christian, or Muslim,
democrat or republican, at their very core, human beings are yearning for the same thing: To be
accepted for who they are. I totally agree for what she stated because even though we are
different, we all wanted the same thing and that's make us not totally different.

One thing I learned from this video is that we don't have to be fear about being different. Being
different is normal. We just need to look accept people of who they are and not what they are. I
believe that accepting and embracing our differences can makes us build a beautiful world.

How Culture Affect Your Personality

Reflection

The culture in which we live and grow up in is one of the most important environmental factors that
shapes our personality. Culture determines and dictate what behaviors and personality we expected
to act according to the culture. A person follows all the social norms of a culture which results in the
formation of good personality while non-conformity to the cultural rules develops abnormal or bad
personality. This video widen my knowledge about the various factor on how our culture impact our
own personality.
 How Culture Affect Your Personality

Summary

Personality is more than just genes. A large part of who we are and the decisions we made are
influenced by the culture we grew up in. Think back to when you learned manners: You were probably
scolded for engaging in behavior that is considered rude in your culture. Individualist cultures put a lot
of stress on independence and self-reliance. Collectivist societies teach people that everyone will
benefit when looking out for one another. Unlike their individualist counterparts, members of
collectivist cultures tend to be extremely close to each other psychologically and emotionally.
Uncertainty avoidance is just one concept that is influenced by a culture's personality and how it
influences the decisions and behaviors of the people within that culture. The Big Five and Avoidance is
a measure of how a culture responds to novelty and uncertainty. Countries with high neuroticism
tend to be high in uncertainty avoidance.

Module 4: PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

LET’S TAKE A BREAK!

See this film titled “Split” directed by "M. Night" Shyamalan, on a separate sheet of
paper; describe your experience while watching the film. Enjoy

The movie gives me chill since the character are good in portraying their roles. The overall
scene give me a mixed emotions such as fear, anger, and sadness. something is succeed to
transfer to the viewer that you probably will not be able to describe. That makes this thriller
stand out in a good way. Maybe split makes you unrealistic representation of dissociative
identity disorder, and that can be a big turn off, but this is a great movie nonetheless.

In addition, I can say that I really enjoyed this movie. The main character was really written and
their acting was 100 percent believable. This story line is frightening because there is reality to
the condition that plagues this man. He is a man that have multiple personalities. The script is
not predictable. You will be on the edge of your seat the entire time. The one outstanding
female role is well played and this young lady exhibits
LET’S TAKE A BREAK!

Watch Pixar’s movie titled inside out and write a reflective reaction anchoring to what you
have learned in this module.

The movie inside out show us that life is full of surprises, that life is not always a bed of roses. Riley
was born and raised in Minnesota . All Riley knew was Minnesota, and all her relationships,
experiences, and core memories were all formed there. Riley's parents taught her to be always happy,
that sadness don't have space in her life. They teach her to be always positive even in the difficult
times. That is why when Riley's family moves, adapting in a new environment brings difficulties and
confusion to her and her emotions. Due to the teaching of her parents that sadness has no room in
her life. Riley begin to isolate herself and her personality begins to shift for the worse. Out of all the
emotions that are presented in the film, Joy is the only positive emotion, and when Joy is kicked out of
headquarters, all of Riley’s negative emotions surface. It isn’t until Joy let’s Sadness allow Riley to feel
sad, does Riley feel better and comforted by her parents. Emotions help us promote effective
responses, it helps others feel for you. This film teach us that we don't need to pretend to be okay
that sometimes we need to tell it to other people for us to experience the true meaning of happiness.

What I have learned in this movie is that being sad is just okay, being sad reminds us that we have
feelings. Let us all embrace the wholeness of ourselves, give ourselves permission to not be okay, and
we have to give those around us as a chance to work through their emotional realizations.
LEARNING ASSESSMENT:

Multiple Choices. Encircle the letter of your chosen answer.

1. It refers to the ‘self’ as the pure ego.

a. “I” b. “Me”

2. He was among the first who coined the term ‘self-esteem’.

a. George Berkeley b. William James

3. He proposed that ideal self is one’s aspirations to become.

a. Mischel b. Rogers

4. He contends that a person has multiple rather than unified selves.

a. Gergen b. Freud

5. The differentiated model of self is stating the presence of

a. Permanent reactions b. temporary reactions.

ESSAY. Which among the theories on ‘Self” as a Cognitive Construction, explains best your
personality dynamics? Write down your thoughts and feelings in no less than 300 words.
 The Secret of Becoming Mentally Strong
Psychology has various definitions of Self, simply put, “Self” is “the sense of personal identity
Reflection
and of who we are as individuals” (Jhangiani and Tarry 2014, 106). According to William James
Why most of us don't have strong mental health? This is because were not very confident or
(1890) self has Two aspects: The “I” or knower, he referred to the “I” as pure ego and
determine and because of this we are often frightened and easily influence by other people
suggested that this component of self is consciousness itself. The “Me”, on the other hand, is
According to Morin there’s three kinds of destructive beliefs that make us less effective, and
oneusofofthe
ourmany things that the
TheI may be conscious of, and it consists of three components,
rob mental strength. first one is unhealthy beliefs about ourselves. We tend to one
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ourselves.one Thissocial,
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(Pajares & Schunk).
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from finding ainsolution.
themselves relation Next, unhealthy
to others beliefs about
has a significant others.
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on how that other
they think, feel, people
and behave
can control us, and we give away our power. This means that what other people say to you,
and is ultimately linked to the concept of identity. Self-improvement is an ongoing process
its up to you on how you respond because only yourself have control it. Last, is unhealthy
throughout
beliefs about one's life; one's
the world. sensethat
This mean of self may change,
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fallsomewhat, over
into your lap likethe course
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not just a piece of cake. It’s hard to get rid of those unhealthy beliefs that we’ve carried
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callsyou’re
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video helpbodies, and arouse
me realized the same emotions.
that comparing ourselves to other people can ruin our self and
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thinking of it canthe theories
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affect selfour
themental
best describe
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"me self". I say this because I'm a type of a person who possess of being a material, social, and
spiritual self. I respond, behave, and act to the situation based on given situations.

Watch the video clips entitled The Secret Of Becoming Mentally Strong by Amy Morin and
The True and the False Self by Donald Winnicott. Make a summary and reflection.
 The True and the False Self by Donald Winnicott

Reflection

It’s often said that to be truly happy we should align to our ‘authentic’ self, and be ‘true to
ourselves’. It sounds like good advice – but how do we know who or what is our true self? And
how do we connect to that genuine version of ourselves? The theory of a true self and a false
self by Dr. Donald Winnicott talks about the reason why many people are wearing a mask.
They are showing their false self to protect their inner, more vulnerable true self. The true self
refers to a sense of self based on authentic experience, and the feeling of being truly present
and alive. The false self is a defensive façade, behind which the person can feel empty, it’s
behaviors being learnt and controlled rather than spontaneous and genuine.

From the video I have learned that a good life is one in which we can dare to show our True
Self and do not mind too much occasionally having to wear the mask of a False Self. But for
this to be possible, we need a certain sort of childhood.

The Secret of Becoming Mentally Strong By Amy Morin

Summary

Amy Morin talks us through three types of destructive beliefs and how to overcome them in
order to free yourself and move forward in life. These destructive beliefs include: unhealthy
beliefs about ourselves, unhealthy beliefs about others, and unhealthy beliefs about the
world. You must give these up if you want to become more of yourself; otherwise, you will
be stifling your growth. Remember the good times rather than the bad. Small habits can hold
you back and keep you from experiencing the good that is just around the corner. Get rid of
them to improve your mental fortitude. Stop comparing yourself to others and feeling bad
about competition, and instead concentrate on yourself and the good you can do.
 The True and the False Self by Donald Winnicott

Summary

The theory of the True and the False Self is the work of Donald Winnicott. In his
formulation, the infant self is by nature asocial and amoral. We can be wholly and, without
guilt, our True Selves because those around us have adapted entirely to our needs and
desires. When things go well, gradually and willingly, the child develops a False Self. This is
what enables a child to submit to the rigors of school and adult life.

Unfortunately, many of us have not enjoyed such an ideal start in life. Psychotherapy offers
us a second chance. In the hands of a good therapist we are allowed to regress back to our
True Selves. We can be intemperate, difficult, unconcerned with anyone but ourselves,
selfish, unimpressive, aggressive and shocking. And the therapist will take it – and thereby
Module 5: THE SELF IN WESTERN AND ORIENTAL THOUGH
help us experience a new sense of aliveness.
LEARNING ASSESSMENT
Text comparison

Compare and contrast the following paired texts. Give emphasis on (a) the
concept of the self, and (b) the distinction between the eastern and western philosophies

Li is a kind of balance wheel of conduct, is a Live your life as though every act were to
valuable virtue, and it establishes harmony. become a universal law.

-Confucius -Immanuel Kant

In the still mind, in the depths of meditation, The two operations of our understanding
the self reveals itself. intuition and deduction, on which alone we
have said we must rely in the acquisition of
-Bhagavad Gita
knowledge.

-Rene Descartes

The body is the Bodhi tree, The mind is like a

clearer mirror At all times we must strive to
A hero is born among a hundred, a wise man
polish it, And must not let the dust collect.
is found among a thousand, but an
-Shenxiu accomplished one might not be found even
among a hundred thousand men

-Plato

Answer:

The logic of Confucius may be a directing way of life that maintain a strategic distance from
extremes, and a state of intellect in which human reasoning and feeling reach idealize
agreement. This is often precisely what Confucius said. Among the capacities of Li, the foremost
important is that it stablish agreement. Whereas the reasoning of Kant say that our activity
must be take in thought in each conviction of other. The eastern philosophy is concerned with
the collectivism of eastern culture which is based on the idea that anything you do must be
good to the people around you. On the other hand, western philosophy is all about the western
culture individualistic approach, which encourages people to live their lives on their own
without the interference of others.

The philosophy of Gita stated that only you can understand yourself. While, Descartes' logic
tells us that we must learn our possess believe and our claim discernments.
The philosophy of Shenxiu can be understood as advocating a gradual process of achieving and
maintaining the virtue and clarity of the mirror-like intellect, the intellect of vacancy or purge
awareness, of the unity of reality. Whereas the logic of Plato says that there's each reason to
be suspicious. That's , it is unlikely that Plato would say that there's any individual rarer than a
shrewd man and hence more important.

Discussion:

a. What is the distinction between the eastern and western conception of the self?
Westerners' conception of the self involves mostly self-identity, easterners' image
involve the community. Thus one major difference is that the west is heavily
individualistic while the east is a much more collectivist society. Westerners tend to
value success and self-improvement whereas easterners focus more on group
achievements. Westerners also value personal choice and freedom more than
easterners.
b. What makes the self the authentic self?
Your authentic self is who you truly are as a person, regardless of your occupation,
regardless of the influence of others, it is an honest representation of you. Being
authentic means that you act in ways that show your true self and how you feel. Rather
than showing people only a particular side of yourself, you express your whole self
genuinely.
c. With the eastern and western traditions, which influence are you mist attuned to?
Explain.
After knowing the eastern and western traditions I can say that I was attuned with the
traditions of easterner's.

Watch the video about " How Culture Affect Your Personality"? and answer this question by
making an original artwork ( painting, drawing, illustration, collage, and etc.). Think of a
creative title of your artistic work.
 TOGETHER, WE CAN DO ANYTHING

Module 6: THE PHYSICAL SELF

LEARNING TASK ASSESSMENT

Draw yourself inside the box and answer the questions

1. Given the chance, which part of your body do you want to change? Why?

My biggest insecurities in my appearance is my nose. I hated the shape of my nose. I felt

like whenever I go out, my nose was the first thing people noticed about me. People told
me " maganda ka na sana, kung hindi ka lang pango". Hearing those words really break my
heart but I never show them that I was affected.

I desperately tried to accept my nose as a part of me. I’d even make jokes about it. But I
couldn’t help but feel my life would be so different if I didn’t have this one facial feature
that completely took over. I’d go on holidays with my friends and family and have a
fabulous time — but seeing photos from the trip that captured me in profile would bring
me to tears. Therefore, if I given a chance to change it I will not hesitate to do it.

2. Which part do you want to retain?

 The part that I want to retain is my eyes.

Multiple choice. Encircle the letter of your chosen answer.

1. According to William James, this is the sum total of all that man can call his.

a. Body image c. Self

b. Identity d. Self-esteem

2. This is the way through which we make sense of the world and our environment.

a. Body c. Identity
b. Body image d. Self

3. It refers to a person’s perception of the level of attractiveness of his/her body or it can be

somebody’s own impression of how his/her body looks.

a. Beauty c. Physical appearance

b. Body image d. Self-esteem

4. It is generally defined as the shared patterns of thoughts, beliefs, behaviors and habits in
both material and symbolic realms

a. Culture c. Self-concept
b. Language d. Values

5. It is used to describe a person’s overall sense of self-worth or personal value.

a. Self-concept c. Self-esteem
b. Self-confidence d. self-identity

II. Essay. Answer the following questions comprehensively.

1. How does media influence the teenager’s understanding of beauty?

Media has a great impact to the teenagers on understanding the beauty. The media is
constantly showing images of what is considered beautiful. These images greatly affect
society and often impact the way people view themselves. Most of these images are
unrealistic, and send unhealthy expectations to teenagers; however most teenagers
especially women are willing to do anything they can to achieve this look. Media has made
people believe that they need an unrealistic body shape and standard of beauty.

2. What are the effects of the teenager’s constant exposure to media to the
building/development of his/her identity?

This constant exposure to “perfection” from social media affects a teen's self-identity, self-
esteem and even may cause depression. Teens that want these so called causes can be
pushed to become unsure of who they are and who they want to become.

3. As a teenager, how can you develop a healthy/positive self-esteem?

Self-esteem can play a significant role in one’s motivation and success throughout life. Low
self-esteem may hold you back from succeeding at school or work because you don’t
believe yourself to be capable of success. By contrast, having a healthy self-esteem can
help you achieve because you navigate life with a positive, assertive attitude and believe
you can accomplish your goals. Before you begin to improve your self-esteem, it's
important to believe deep down that you can change it. Change doesn't necessarily happen
quickly or easily, but it can happen. To develop a healthy/positive self-esteem you need to
develop a positive body image which involves: understanding that healthy, attractive
bodies come in many shapes and sizes; physical appearance says very little about our
character or value a person; how we get to this point of acceptance often depends on our
individual development and self-acceptance.