QUESTION 1

Fig 1.1 shows the scales of the beams of a triple beam balance that is used to
measure the mass of aluminium block

(a)Define the term mass

Ans : Amount of matter in a substance
(b)i. What is the mass of the aluminium block as shown by the scales in Fig 1.1?
Ans : (200 +60 +5) = 265g
ii)Calculate the weight of the block (g = 10N/kg)
Ans: 0.265kg × 10N/ kg
= 2.65N
c)i. Fig 1.2 shows two identical cylinders, G and H, placed on top of a bench

F1 is the minimum force needed to topple over cylinder G.

F2 is the minimum force needed to topple over cylinder H
Explain why F1 is larger than F2
Ans: Cylinder G is more stable than H.
ii)Cylinder G in Fig 1.2 topples over. What name is given to the equilibrium
state of the cylinder after toppling
Ans: Unstable equilibrium

QUESTION 2
Fig 2.1 shows two identical laboratory thermometers, P and Q, placed at equal
distances from a beaker filled with hot water. One side of the beaker is painted
black, while the other side is painted white.

(a)Name the main method of heat transfer by which heat reaches the bulbs of
thermometers.
Ans : Convection
(b)The readings of the thermometers eventually become constant at 60°C.
Explain why the thermometer Q would reach 60°C first.
Ans : Black surfaces absorb heat faster as compared to white surfaces
therefore the bulb Q would reach 60°C faster

(c)Suggest a suitable temperature for the water in the beaker at the start of the
experiment. Explain your answer.
Ans :Any temperature above 90°C but less than 100
Explanation: So that heat radiation can be able to counteract heat loss and
be able to be detected by the thermometers
(d)The distance between the lower fixed point and the upper fixed point of the
thermometers is 10cm. Calculate the distance moved by the liquid column when
the temperature changes by 35°C

100 : 10 100x = 350 (cross multiply)

35 : x

x = 3.5 cm

QUESTION 3
Fig 3.1 shows a thin convex lens L, used to form an image I, of an object. The
image and the principal focus F are shown in the diagram.

(a)What name is given to the distance between point C and point F?

Ans : Focal length
(b)On Fig 3.1
(i)draw two light rays to locate the position of the object
(ii)draw and label object O
(c)State two characteristics of the image formed by a convex lens in a projector
1. large
2. inverted
3. real

QUESTION 4
Fig 4.1 shows a filament bulb. The bulb is labelled 240V , 100W

(a)Name two components of the electromagnetic spectrum that are given by the
bulb when it is switched on.
1. Infrared radiation
2. Visible flight
(b)State the name of the electrical quantity represented by:
240V ………..Voltage
100W…………Power

(c)Fig 4.2(a) and Fig 4.2(b) show the prepaid electricity meter readings of a
household, before and after the energy was bought.

c)i Calculate the amount of electrical energy that was bought

110.7Kwh – 22.7 Kwh = 88Kwh
(ii) An amount of P61.60 was used to buy the electrical energy. Calculate the
cost of 1 KWh of electrical energy.

61.60 : 88
 x : 1
61.60
= 0.7
88
= 70 thebe

QUESTION 5
Fig 5.1 shows a circuit diagram

(a)The voltage drop across the 2.0Ω resistor is 2.0V. Calculate the current
through the 2.0 Ω resistor. Show your working
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝑎) 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
2.0 𝑉
= =1A
2.0𝛺

(b) Calculate
(i)the combined resistance of the 2.0 Ω and 4.0Ω resistors
Ans : 2.0 Ω + 4.0Ω = 6Ω

ii)the total resistance of the circuit

𝑹𝟏 ×𝑹𝟐
R total =
𝑹𝟏 +𝑹𝟐
𝟔.𝟎𝜴 ×𝟑𝜴
= 𝟔𝜴+𝟑𝜴
𝟏𝟖
= = 2Ω
𝟗
QUESTION 6
A radioactive source emits three different types of emission.
(a)Name the three types of emission
Ans: Alpha, Beta and Gamma rays
(b)Name one instrument which can be used to detect the types of emission
Ans : Geiger – Muller Tube

QUESTION 7
Table 7.1 shows some properties of the elements in group IV of the periodic
table
Table 7.1
Element 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 Melting point / °C Type of oxide
𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
Carbon 2.25 3700 Acidic
Silicon 2.33 1683 Acidic
Germanium 5.35 937 Amphoteric
Tin 7.28 505 Amphoteric
Lead 11.35 601 Amphoteric

(a)Explain why these elements are placed in group IV

Ans : they have four electrons on the valence/ outermost shell
(b)Complete Table 7.1 by stating the type of oxide formed by carbon.
(c)Describe the trends of the elements in terms of
(i)density
Ans : Increases down the group

(ii)melting point
Ans : Decreases down the group

d)Tin(Sn) reacts with oxygen to form an amphoteric oxide. Which two

substances will be formed when the oxide of tin reacts with an acid?
Ans : *Salt
*Water

(ii)All the elements in Table 7.1 form compounds with a hydrogen called
hydrides. The saturated hydrides of carbon are alkanes.
Predict the formula for the hydride of Germanium, (Ge) which contains three
atoms of Germanium

Ans: GeH4

QUESTION 8
Excess Copper (II) Carbonate is added to 25.0cm3 of 0.1 mol/dm3 of
hydrochloric acid.
The equation for the reaction is:
CuCO3(s) +2HCl(aq) CuCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O(l)

(a) Explain why the carbonate should be in excess

Ans :To react all the acid
(b)Calculate the number of moles in 25.0cm3 of 1.0mol/dm3 of hydrochloric
acid
𝑛
𝑐= = 0.025 × 1.0
𝑣

= 0.025
(c)Use the equation and the answer in (b) to calculate the number of moles of
copper(II) carbonate that will react with the acid
1: 2
 x : 0.025
2x = 0.025
x = 0.0125

d) Calculate the relative molecular mass of copper(II) carbonate

Cu = 64
C = 12
O = 16 × 3 = 48
= 64 + 12 + 48
= 124g/ mol

ii)the mass of copper(II) Carbonate that will react with the acid
mass = number of moles × molar mass
= 0.0125 × 124
= 1.55g

e) Hydrochloric acid is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in

water. Use a dot and cross diagram to draw the structure of the ions in
hydrochloric acid. Show all the shells in each of the ions

f) Describe a positive chemical test for water

Test – using Cobalt Chloride paper
result – turns from blue to pink
QUESTION 9
Ethanol and pentanol are members of the same homologous series.
(a)State the name of the homologous series to which ethanol and pentanol
belong
Ans: alkanols
(b)State two characteristics of the homologous series to which ethanol and
pentanol belong
1. Soluble in water
2.They are flammable
c) Draw the structural formula of Butanol

d)Ethanol can be produced from the addition reaction of steam with ethene

(i)Write the equation for the reaction of ethene with steam. Include the state
symbols

C2H4 (aq) + H2O (g) C2H5OH (aq)

ii) State two conditions for the reaction in (d)(i)

1. High temperature
2. High pressure
e)Name another method that can be used to prepare ethanol
Ans: Fermentation
QUESTION 10
Fig 10.1 shows the electrolysis of aqueous copper (II) Sulphate using carbon
electrodes

(a)Write the equation for the reaction occurring at the anode

Ans : 4OH- 2H2O + O2 + 4e
b)State two observations made during the electrolysis
1. Production of bubbles
2. Brown copper ions deposits at the anode

QUESTION 11
Fig 11. 1 (a) shows an animal cell and Fig 11.1(b) shows a plant cell

(a)Name the parts labelled P and Q

P : Nucleus
Q: Cell membrane
b)A red blood cell is an example of a cell in the mammalian circulatory system.
State one way in which a red blood cell is different from other animal cells.
Ans : It does not have a nucleus
ii)Give an example of one tissue and one organ in the mammalian circulatory
system
Tissue – blood
Organ – heart

QUESTION 12
Fig 12.1 shows part of the human digestive system

(a) State the function of the part labelled X

Ans : Stores bile
b)Fig 12.2 shows a diagrammatic representation of digestion of starch

(i)State the name of enzyme U

Ans : Amylase
ii) What property of enzymes is illustrated in Fig 12.2?
Breaking food into simpler substances – can be reused
(iii)On Fig 12. 1 identify a region where the process shown in Fig 12.2 occurs
and label it V

c)State one function of the stomach

Ans: Store food

d) Pectinase is an enzyme used to extract juice from fruits. Fig 12.3 is a graph
showing the rate of reaction against temperature for pectinase.

Table 12.1 shows the volume of juice extracted at different temperatures from
equal amounts of fruit.

Table 12.1
Volume of juice extracted / cm3 Temperature / °C

10 P

30 M

50 N

60 O
(i) Use the temperatures M, N O and P from the graph to complete Table
12.1
ii) Explain why the volume of juice extracted from the fruits was different for
the four temperatures M, N , O and P.
Ans: For temperature M, the amount of fruit juice produced is low because
the enzyme is not active at that temperature, at temperature N the enzyme
is active , and at temperature O the enzyme is acting on its optimum
temperature therefore producing high amount of juice. At temperature P,
the enzyme is about to be denatured as the temperature is above the
optimum temperature therefore producing little amount of juice.

QUESTION 13
Fig 13.1 shows the development of a zygote into a foetus

(a) (i) Name the process that results in the formation of a zygote
Ans : Fertilization
(ii) In which part of the female reproductive system is structure F found?
Ans : Uterus

b) (i) State the name of the structure labelled J

Ans: Umbilical cord

ii)A pregnant woman was found to have her foetus not growing well and the
foetus moving less than expected. Suggest how the malfunctioning of structure J
may have led to this.
Ans: Structure J is responsible for carrying food and water molecules
dissolved in the blood to the developing foetus, therefore its malfunction
will hinder proper carriage of these important substances to the foetus and
as such the foetus will not develop properly .

QUESTION 14
Fig 14.1 shows a food web for a lake

(a)(i)What is the major source of energy for the food web?

Ans : The Sun
(ii)Use the food web in Fig 14.1 to construct a food chain with four trophic
levels
Sun water plants tadpoles fish

QUESTION 15
(a)(i) Define Biotechnology
Ans: application of biological organisms, systems or processes to
manufacturing / service industry.
(ii) State the microorganisms used in the production of
*Chibuku - Bacteria
*Madila – Bacteria
b)Biotechnology is used in the manufacturing of drugs such as antibiotics. State
two differences between antibiotics and non – medicinal drugs
1. Antibiotics are drugs that are designed to cure illnesses caused by
bacteria while non – medicinal drugs are just habit-forming substances.
2. Antibiotics contain known amount of different substances required by
the body while non – medicinal drugs composition is not known