Bgcse Mathematics - Core - Latest Edition

74549960/74339844 KEFENTSE MOGOPODI
NUMBERS
Key points:
❖ Any factor of a number that is a prime number is a prime factor. For example, 2 and 3 are
the prime factors of 12.
❖ You can write any number as a product of its prime factors.
❖ The Highest Common Factor (HCF) of two whole numbers is the highest factor that is
common to them both. For example, 3, 5 and 15 are all common factors of 30 and 45 but
their highest common factor is 15.
❖ The Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) of two whole numbers is the lowest number that is a
multiple of both. For example, the common multiples of 10 and 15 are 30,60,90,120, but
30 is their lowest common multiple.
Example 1
Method 1
180 = 3 × 60
=3×3×20
=3×3×2×10
=3×3×2×2×5
180= 32 ×22×5
Prime factors of 180 are 2, 3 and 5
Method 2
180= 2×2×3×3×5
1
Example 2
Find the HCF and LCM of 8 and 12
❖ The factors of 6 are 1,2,4,8
2 is the highest number that
❖ Factors of 12 are 1,2,3,4,6,12
appear in both lists
❖ The HCF of 8 and 12 is 2
Lowest Common Multiple

Multiples of 8: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40….
Multiples of 12: 12, 24, 36, 48… 24 is the lowest number
common to both lists
LCM of 8 and 12 is 24
Example 3
Method 1
Identify the common
Find the HCF and LCM of 140 and 210 factors; numbers that
140 = 2×2×5×7 appear in both lists
210 = 2×3×5×7
HCF of 140 and 210 = 2×5×7
Multiply the common
= 70 factors together to get the
HCF
Multiply the HCF by the numbers

in both lists that were not
highlighted to get the LCM
LCM of 140 and 210= 70×2×3
2
UNDERSTANDING SQUARES AND CUBES
KEY POINTS
• A square number is the result of multiplying a whole number by itself.
1×1=1
2×2=4
3×3=9
Square numbers = 1,4,9,16,25,36….
• A cube number results from multiplying a whole number by itself then multiplying by
that number again.
1×1×1= 1
2×2×2= 8
3×3×3= 27
4×4×4= 64
Cube numbers= 1, 8, 27, 64, 125……
• 7 ×7= 49, so we can say 7 is the square root of 49

• 3×3×3= 27, so we can say 3 is the cube root of 27
Exercise
• Write down the first 15 square numbers
ORDER OF OPERATIONS
BIDMAS: Gives the order in which each operation should be carried out
3
Brackets- if there are any brackets in the problem, work out the value of the expression inside
the brackets first
Indices- Indices include square roots, cube roots and powers
Division – if there are no brackets, do dividing and multiplying before adding and subtracting,
no matter where they come in the expression.
Multiplication –
Addition
Subtraction -if an expression has only adding and subtracting then work it out from left to right.
Example
23 ×102 – 7 ×4 = 23×100 – 7 ×4
= 2300 – 28 Work out 102 first then do all the
multiplying before subtraction
= 2272
Example
(13 – 3 × 2)3= (13 – 6 )3
=73
= 343
RECIPROCALS
1
• The reciprocal of the number n is . it can be written as n-1
𝑛
• When a number is multiplied by its reciprocal the answer is always 1
• All numbers except zero have a reciprocal
EXAMPLES
1
a) Reciprocal of 8= 8
b) Reciprocal of 0.25 = 4
2 3
c) Reciprocal of 3 = 2
4
LAWS OF INDICES
• A number written in the form 𝑎𝑛 is an index number

• Laws of indices are
𝑎𝑚 × 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 *To multiply two powers of the same number, add the indices
𝑎𝑚 ÷ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 *To divide two powers of the same number, subtract the indices
(𝑎𝑚 )n = 𝑎𝑚×𝑛 *To raise a power to a further power multiply the indices together
Examples
35 = 3×3×3×3×3
= 81
28= 2×2×2×2×2×2×2×2
= 256
a) 46 ×44= 46+4
Use the index law 𝑎𝑚 ×𝑎𝑛 =𝑎 𝑚+𝑛
= 10
4
b) 512 ÷54= 512-4

Use the index law 𝑎𝑚 ÷𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑚−𝑛
= 58
c) (34 )2 = 34×2
Use the index law (𝑎𝑚 )n = 𝑎𝑚×𝑛
= 38
d)
4 7 ×43 Simplify the top fraction by adding 7 and 3
Work out
45
10
= 4
45
= 5
4
5
=4 ×4×4×4×4
=1024
Exercise
Write as a power of a single number
a) 64 ×65 52 ×54 (72 )4 37 ÷34
Find the value of n

a) 3𝑛 ÷32 = 33 b) 78 ÷7𝑛 =73 c) 4𝑛 ×45 =49
USING NEGATIVE AND FRACTIONAL INDICES

1 𝟏
∗ 2−3 = = * 50 = 1 (zero index- any number raised to
23 𝟖
the power of zero is equal to 1)
1 𝟏
∗ 4−2 = 2 = *5−2 × 5−5 =5−2+(−5) = 5−2−5 = 𝟓−𝟕
4 𝟏𝟔
*4−5 ×49 = 4−5+9 = 𝟒𝟒 *6−3 ÷6−5 =6−3−(−5) =6−3+5 = 𝟔𝟐

*7−5 ÷74 = 7−5−4 =𝟕−𝟗
EXERCISE
Work out the value of the following
𝑎) 4−4 ÷47 = b) 6−4 ÷6−4 =
c)2−3 ×25 = d)14−77 ×1478 =
FRACTIONAL INDICES
6
HINT (before you get hands on with fractional indices you should be
comfortable with adding and subtracting every kind of fraction)
1 1 1
1 𝟒
a) 36 ×36 = 36 = 36
2 2 f) 3 4 = √𝟑
1 −1
3 1 1 𝟏
b) 83 = √8 = 2 g) 32 5 = 1 =5 =
√32 𝟐
325
3 1 3 1 1 4 12
c) 64 ÷ 62 = 64−2 = 64 h) (55 )3 = 5 5
1 1 1 1
3 5
252 − 64 2 √25− √64 273 × 325 √27 × √32 3×2
d) 1 = = -1 i) 1 = = =3
92 √9 42 √4 2
7
25 5
e) ( )x = j) (0.001) × (0.001) 2 9
169 13
7
1 2+
x= = (0.001) 9
2
25
=(0.001) 9
1 1
3
k) 4 × 8 = √4 × √8
2 3
= 2 ×2
=4
7
𝑚
𝑛
*In general, 𝑎 = √𝑎𝑚 𝑛
Solve the equations

(adapted from Prism Book 4 page 86.)
−3
1
a) 8𝑥 = 2 d) 𝑥 2 = 64
1 2
125
b) ( 64 )x = e) 𝑥 5 × 𝑥 5 = 8
4 3
c) (121)x = f)√−8 = x
Find the values of the following

Example
1 1 1 1 2 1
+
93 × 3 3 (32 )3 ×33 33 3 31 1−2 1 𝟏
a) 2 = 2 = = 2 = 3 = 3−1 = 1=
32 3 3 𝟑
273 (33 )3
1 1 1 2
53 × 252 815 × 275 ×90
b) 1 d) 3
1253 814
1 1 1 1
4 3 × 163 122 × 182
c) 2 e)
√6
325
3 1 1 1
122 × 168 86 × 4 3
f) 1 1 g) 1 1
276 × 182 166 ×(64)12
8
STANDARD FORM
• Standard form is used to represent very large or very small numbers
• A number is in standard form when it is in the form a × 10n where 1≤ a < 10
and n is an integer
• A number in a standard form looks like this
9.3 × 104
• These numbers are all in standard form: 4.5 × 102, 9 × 10-8, 1.345 × 106
• These numbers are not in standard form because the first number is not
between 1 and 10
*65 × 109
*0.089 × 106
Exercise: write these numbers in standard form
*50 000 = 5 × 10 000 * 346 000 000= 3.46 × 1 000 000

= 5 × 104 =3.46 × 108
*683.4= 6.834 × 100 * 0. 000 000 006 = 6 × 0.000 000 001

=6.834 ×102 = 6 × 10-9
*0. 00056 = 5.6 × 0.0001 * 50 × 103
9
= 5.6 × 10-4 = 5 × 101+3

=5 ×104
*0.000009 × 10-6 = 0.000009 × 0.000001
= (9 × 10-6) × (1×10-6)
= 9 × 10(-6 + (-6))
= 9× 10-12
*(4 × 108) × (2 × 103) *(7×105) × (1.5×103)

= (4×2) × (108 ×103) = (7×1.5) × (105 ×103)
= (4×2) × (108+3) 7×1.5= 10.5 = (1.05×10) × (108)
=8×1011 = 1.05×109
*(4×10-7) × (3×105) *(8.6 ×108) ÷ (2 ×1013)

= (4×3) × (10-7 ×105) = (8.6 ÷ 2) × (108 ÷ 1013)
= (1.2 ×10) × (10-2) = (4.3× 108-13)
= 1.2 ×10-1 = (4.3×10-5)
Write these in standard form
*(2 ×105)2 * (5 × 10-5)2

= (22 × 105×2) = (25× 10-10)
Ans = 4×1010 Ans= 2.5×10-9
Write the following as ordinary numbers
10
*4.12×10-4 * 4.2 ×10-7

Ans = 0.000412 Ans = 0.00000042
*6 ×104 * 1.6578956× 105
Ans = 60000 Ans= 165 789.56
Find the value of the following expressions and give your answers in
standard form
*500 ×400×700 * 0.0006 × 0.00004
= 140 000 000 = 0.000000024
Ans =1.4× 107 Ans= 2.4 ×10-8
65 ×120 8.82 ×5.007

∗ *
1500 10 000
7800
= = 0.004416174
1500
Ans = 5.2 ×100 Ans= 4.416174×10-3
* (3.6×1020) ÷ (3.75×106) * (3.3×10-20) ÷ (3.75×10-6)

= (3.6 ÷ 3.75) × (10(20-6)) = (0.88 × 10-26)
= (0.96 × 1014) Ans = 8.8 ×10-25
Ans = 9.6 × 1013
*Write the number 35 000 000 in standard form.
11
PAST EXAMINATIONS QUESTIONS

2008 PAPER 3, QUESTION 2
In a country of 4.9 ×107 , a town has a population of 9.8 × 104 people.
a)Express the population of the town as a fraction of the population of
the country. Give your answer in standard form
9.8 ×104
= 0.002
4.9×107
Final answer = 2×𝟏𝟎−𝟑
b)During an election, only half of the population of the country voted.

How many people voted? Give answer in standard form
(4.9 ×107) ÷ 2 = 24 500 000
Final answer = 2.45×107
c)The population of the town increases by an average of 5% annually.
Giving the answer in standard form, calculate the expected population
after
(i)One year
5
× 9.8 × 104 = 4900
100
98 000 + 4900 = 102 900
12
1.03 ×𝟏𝟎𝟓 (population after one year)
(ii)two years
98 000 + (4900×2) =1.08 ×𝟏𝟎𝟓
2003 PAPER 3, QUESTION 1(b)
If 40 litres of beer contains 2.3×104 , how many bacteria will be
contained in 500 litres of beer? Give answer in standard form
40 : 2.3×104
500 : x
40𝑥 11 500 000

=
40 40
x= 287 500
x= 2.875 ×𝟏𝟎𝟓
2011 PAPER 3 , QUESTION 1

A country has 3 582 600 people who qualify to vote. During the voter
registration exercise, 2 300 000 people registered.
(a)(i) Calculate the number of people who qualify to vote that did not
register.
3 582 600 – 2 300 000 = 1 282 600
(ii)Express the number of people who did not register as a percentage of
those who qualify to vote.
1 282 600
× 100% = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟖%
3 582 600
13
(b)On the election day 80% of registered voters voted. Calculate the
number of registered voters who voted, giving the answer in standard
form.
80
× 2 300 000 = 1 840 000
100
= 1.84×𝟏𝟎𝟔
(c) The 3 582 600 people who qualify to vote is 42% of the total
population of the country. Calculate the total population of the country.
42𝑥
= 3 582 600 multiply both sides by 100
100
42x = 358 260 000 divide both sides by 42

x = 8 530 000
total population= 8 530 000

A factory packages 210 000kg of tea every month.
(a)Express in standard form the mass of tea packaged every month.
2.1 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓
(b)The tea was packaged in packets of 50 tea bags each. Each tea bag
contains 2.5g of tea. Calculate
(i)the mass of tea in each packet
50 × 2.5g = 125g
(ii)the number of packets of tea that were packaged by the factory in a
month. Give the answer in standard form.
14
210 000kg ×1000g/ kg = 210 000 000g

210 000 000
= 𝟏 𝟔𝟖𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
125
1.68 ×𝟏𝟎𝟔 packets of tea

The average distance of Jupiter from the sun is 778 300 000km
(a)Express the average distance of Jupiter from the sun in metres, giving
your answer in standard form.
778 300 000 km × 1000m/km = 778 300 000 000m
7.783 ×𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏 metres
(b)The average speed of light is 3.0 ×108 m/s. calculate the time, in
minutes, taken by the light to travel from the Sun to Jupiter.
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Time =
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
7.783×1011
Time =
3.0 ×108
1𝑚𝑖𝑛
t = 2.59 ×103 𝑠 ×
60𝑠
= 43.2 mins
(c) The average distance of Pluto from the sun is 5.9 ×109 km. Calculate
how many more kilometres Pluto is from the sun than Jupiter is from the
sun.
7.783 ×1011 – 5.9×109 = 7. 724×𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏
15
******************************************************
APPLICATIONS: MONEY AND PERCENTAGES
*Tshepho buys three cartons of milk at P1.85 each. (BGCSE PP1 Q1, 1999)
a) What is the total cost of the 3 cartons of milk
Ans= P1.85 ×3 = P5.55
b) How much change would she receive from P10.00?
Ans= P10.00 – P5.55?
= P4.45
( BGCSE PP1, 2000)
*BGCSE PAPER 1, 2001
Ofentse has a job which pays P20 per hour at normal rate. The overtime
rate is P40.50 per hour. One week, Ofentse worked 9 hours of overtime
in addition to his normal working hours. If he earned a total of P1064.50
for that week, calculate
a) amount of money he earned at normal rate
= P1064.50 – (P40.50 ×9)

=P1064.50 – P364.50
Ans = P700
b) number of hours he worked at normal rate
16
=P700 ÷ P20
Ans = 35 hours
*Modiredi bought some baskets at P40 each from the Okavango delta.
He priced them to sell each at a profit of 20% in his shop.
(a) Calculate the selling price
20
= × P40 + P40
100
Ans = P48.00
He did not manage to sell all the baskets. After some time, he reduced
the selling price of the remaining ones by 10%
(b) Calculate
(i) the new selling price
10
P48.00 – × P48.00
100
Ans = P43.20
(ii) the percentage profit made on each basket sold at reduced price
3.20
𝑎) × 100 = 8%
40
*A company wishes to purchase a house which costs P600 000. A

deposit of 15% is to be made.
Calculate the deposit to be made
15
× 𝑃600 000 = P90 000
100
Ans = P90 000
17
*The exchange rate of the Pula to the US Dollar on a particular day was
P4.80 to US$1. How much was US$500 worth in Pula?
= P4.80 ×500
Ans= P2400
*The table below is an extract of postage rates for a postal service in
Botswana
a) Masego sends a letter by Air mail to a SADC country. How much

does she pay?
= P7.70
b) Kabelo sends two postcards within Botswana and one letter by
surface mail to a SADC country. How much does he pay?
= (P0.80 ×2) + P5.90
=P7.50
*A 200g packet of chocolate is sold at P9.95.
A 300g packet of the same brand of chocolate is sold at P12.95.
Tiny needs 600g of this brand for a party. She decides to buy either 200g
packets or 300g packets
18
a) Showing your working clearly, find which packets she should buy to
save money
P9.95 × 3= P29.85
P12.95 × 2 =P25.90
*She should buy 2 packets of 300g chocolate
b) How much money will she save compared to buying the other
packets?
P29.85 – P25.90 = P3.95
*Kenna made a call from a phone shop. She paid P19.20 for the 24 units
she used. Calculate the cost of one unit
19.20
= P0.80
24
*The Times Newspaper costs P2.50 each and the Gossip newspaper
costs P3.00 each. The Times is published 5 days in a week and the
Gossip once a week. Lesedi buys a copy of every publication of each
newspaper. How much does he spend on newspapers each week?
(P2.50 × 5) + P3.00
= P12.50 + P3.00
P15.50
*In 2013, Mary worked for Company A. Her salary for the year was P18
750.
(i) P5625 of her salary was not taxed.
What percentage of her salary was not taxed?
5625
× 100= 30%
18 750
19
(ii) The remaining P13 125 of Mary’s salary was taxed.

22% of this amount was deducted for tax.
Mary’s take-home pay was the amount remaining from P18 750 after tax
had been deducted.
She received this in 52 equal amounts as a weekly wage.
Calculate Mary’s weekly wage.
22
× 𝑃13 125 = 𝑃2887.50 - Amount deducted for tax
100
P18 750 – (P5625 +P2887.50) = P10 237.50 – Take home
10 237.50
= 196.875
52
Weekly wage = P196.88
(iii) In 2012 Mary had worked for Company B.

When she moved from Company B to Company A, her salary increased
by 25% to P18 750.
Calculate her salary when she worked for Company B.
25
x+ x = P18 750
100
100x + 25x = P 1 875 000

125x = P1 875 000
20
125 1 875 000

𝑥=
125 125
x = P15 000
So, she earned P15 000 at Company B

*The rate of exchange between pounds (£) and Botswana Pula (BWP) is
£1 = P15.00
The rate of exchange between pounds (£) and South African Rand
(ZAR) is £1 = ZAR 21.53.
(i) Mavis changed £750 into Botswana Pula. How many Pulas did she
receive?
£1 : P15.00
£750: x cross multiply
Ans= P11 250
(ii) David changed ZAR 450 into pounds. How many pounds did he
receive?
£1 : ZAR 21.53
x : ZAR 450
21.53𝑥 450
=
21.53 21.53
= £ 20.90
21
(iii) Brian changed P50 000 into South African Rands. How many South
African Rands did he receive?
P15.00 : ZAR 21.53

P50 000 : x
15𝑥 1 076 500
=
15 15
x = ZAR 71 766.67
*(a) (i) The cost price of bicycle A is P620. The shopkeeper sells it and
makes a profit of 45%. Calculate the selling price.
45
× 𝑃620 = P279
100
Selling price = P620 + P279

= P899
(ii) In a sale, the price of bicycle B is reduced from P2400 to P1596.
Calculate the percentage reduction given.
P2400 – P1596= P804
804
× 100%
2400
=33.5%
(iii) Tax on the original price of bicycle C is charged at 20% of the
original price. After tax has been included, Matthew pays P1080 for this
bicycle. Calculate the original price.
20
x+ x = P1080
100
100x + 20x = P108 000
22
120x = P108 000

120 108 000
𝑥=
120 120
x = P900
*Ada invests P6000 in an account that earns simple interest. At the end
of 3 years, the investment is worth P6810. Calculate the rate of simple
interest per year.
𝑃𝑅𝑇
SI = (Make R the subject of the formula)
100
100𝑆𝐼
Rate =
𝑃𝑇
100 ×810
Rate =
6000×3
= 4.5%
*Modiri borrows P70 000 from a bank to buy a car. She agrees to pay
back the money in 4 years at 30% interest simple interest per annum.
a) How much interest will she pay?
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 ×𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒×𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
S.I =
100
Principal = P70 000

Rate = 30%
Time= 4 years
𝑃70 000×30×4
S.I = = P84 000
100
- Modiri will pay an interest of P84 000
23
b) How much will he pay in total for the car

P70 000 + P84 000
=P154 000
*Maipelo accumulated P560 simple interest after investing her money

for 4 years at 28% interest. Find the amount of money she invested
(To find the money she invested you have to find the principal amount
and to find the principal amount you have to change the subject of the
formula and make principal the subject of the formula)
S.I =
100
100𝑆.𝐼
Principal =
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 ×𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
100 ×560
Principal = = P500
28×4
She invested P500
*Tshepho buys a bus for P750 000 and sells it at 30% profit. Calculate
his profit and the amount he sold the bus for.
30
× 𝑃750 000 = P225 000
100
Profit = P225 000

P750 000 + P225 000= P975 000
He sold the bus for P975 000
24
*A farmer deposits P55 000 in the post office. If the money increases to
P65 000 in 2 years, find the rate of simple interest per annum.
S.I =
100
We have to find the rate, so we change the subject of the formula to

make the rate the subject.
100𝑆.𝐼
Rate =
𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 ×𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
100×10 000
=
55 000×2
= 9.090909091%
= 9.091%
*Kabelo buys a Mercedes Benz car for P950 000 and the car depreciates
at 5% per annum. Calculate the value of the car after 2 years
Remember: Depreciation is a loss in value
5
× 𝑃950 000 = P47 500
100
P950 000 – P47 500 = P902 500

The car will be valued at P902 500 after 1 year

2007, PAPER 3 QUESTION 1
25
1.A firm increases salaries of employees by 15%. Modiri, Shadi and

Patiko are employed by the firm.
(a )Modiri earned P4500 before the increase. How much will he earn
after the increase?
15
× 𝑃4500 = 𝑃675
100
P4500 +P675= P5175

He will earn P5175
b)Shadi received an increase of P720. What was her salary before the
increase?
Make p the unknown amount Shadi earned before the increase
15
× 𝑝 = 𝑃720
100
15p = P72 000

p= P4800
She earned P4800 before the increase
c)Patiko’s salary is P9200 after the increase. What was his salary before
the increase?
Set p as the unknown amount of money he earned
15
× 𝑝 + 𝑝 = 𝑃9200
100
15p + 100p = 920 000

115p = 920 000 divide both sides by 115
26
p = P8000

In May 2005, the rate of exchange between Pula and US $ was P4.75 to
US $1
a)How much in Pula was US$5250 worth?
4.75 : 1
x : 5250 cross multiply
x= P24 937.50
b)In July 2005, the exchange rate was P5.42 to US $1
(i)How much more in Pula was US$1 worth in July than in May?
P5.42 – P4.75 = P0.67
(ii)Calculate the percentage change in the rate of exchange
0.67
× 100 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟏%
4.75
(iii) In September 2005, Karabo received P937.50 in exchange for

US$150. How much in pula was US$1 worth then?
150 : 937.50
1 :x cross multiply
27
US$1 : P6.25

The price list of some food items is written on a piece of paper. Part of
the list has been torn as shown below.
(a ) What is the cost of 5.25kg of sweets?

P24.60 × 5.25 = P129.15
(b )A customer pays a total of P97.20 for cooking oil and 2kg of sweets.
How many litres of cooking oil did the customer buy?
2kg of sweets = P24.60 ×2 = P49.20
P97.20 – P49.20 = P48
𝟒𝟖
=3
𝟏𝟔
He bought 3 litres of cooking oil.
(c ) The price of a litre of cooking oil is reduced by 20%. What is the

new price of a litre of cooking oil?
28
𝟐𝟎
× 𝑷𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟎 = 𝑷𝟑. 𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
P16. 00 – P3.20 = P12.80
P12.80 is the new price
(d)After an increase of 15%, sugar costs P6.44 per kg. what was the cost
per kg before the increase?
Set the cost before increase as p
15
× 𝑝 + 𝑝 = 𝑃6.44
100
15p + 100p = 644

115p = 644
p = P5.60
*cost before increase was P5.60

1
1.A customer paid P280 as a lay bye for a generator. This is of the total
3
cost of the generator. Calculate the balance to be paid
Set p as the unknown amount

1
× 𝑝 = 𝑃280
3
p = P840
29
balance to be paid is P840 – P280 = P560
b)The diagram below shows a computer tower with the original price
and after a discount.
Calculate the percentage discount

P5400 – P4995= P405
405
× 100% = 7.5 %
5400
Percentage discount = 7.5%
c) A foam mattress sells at P52.80 after a discount of 12%. How much

was the mattress before the discount?
Set the price before discount as x
12
x– × 𝑥 = 𝑃52.80
100
100x – 12x = 5280

88x = 5280
x= P60.00
30
The mattress was P60.00 before discount

(a)A shop charges 10% Value Added Tax (VAT) on all goods it sells.
(i)A photocopier costs P4370 before VAT. Calculate its selling price.
110
×P4370 = P4807
100
Or alternatively
10
× 𝑃4370 = 𝑃437
100
P4370+P437 = P4807
(ii)A computer is sold at P5998.30. How much does it cost without VAT
included?
90
× P5998.30
100
= P5398.47
Or alternatively work out like this
10
× 𝑃5998.30 = 𝑃599.30
100
P5998.30 – P599.83 = P5398.47
(b)A salesperson receives 3% of the sales before VAT as commission.

Calculate the sales if the person received a commission of P1323.
3𝑥
= 1323
100
31
3x = 132 300
x= P44 100 final answer
Tsaone and Warona contributed a total of P170 500 to buy a house.
They further contributed a total of P24 500 to renovate the house.
(a)Calculate their total contribution for the house
P170 500 + P24 500 = P195 000
(b)They later sold the house for P372 000
(i)Calculate the profit they made on the sale of the house
P372 000 – P195 000 =P177 000
(ii)Tsaone and Warona shared the profit in the ratio 7:5. Calculate
Warona’s share of profit.
5
× 𝑃177 000 = 𝑷𝟕𝟑 𝟕𝟓𝟎
12
(iii)Warona deposited her share in a fixed savings account. The deposit

earns an interest of 6.8% per annum compounded annually. Calculate to
the nearest thebe, the total amount of money in the account after 5 years.
𝑹
Compound interest = A = P(1+ )T
𝟏𝟎𝟎
A = total amount
P= principal amount = P73 750
R = Rate = 6.8 %
T = Time = 5 years
𝟔.𝟖 5
A = P73 750( 1 + )
𝟏𝟎𝟎
32
A = P102 475.09

A Shopkeeper buys some stock items from a wholesaler. He later sells
each item at a profit of 40%.
(a)A pair of shoes was bought at P520 from the wholesaler. For how
much should the shopkeeper sell the pair of shoes?
140
× 520 = 𝑷𝟕𝟐𝟖
100
(b)The shopkeeper sold a T-shirt at P70.00. For how much did the
shopkeeper buy the T-shirt from the wholesaler?
140 : 70
100 : x 140x = 7000
x = P50

Cattle in a district are to be vaccinated for a skin disease. The cattle are
to be grouped in batches. There were 85 000 cattle vaccinated in the first
batch.
(a)In the second batch, 20% more cattle were vaccinated than in the first
batch. Calculate the total number of cattle that were vaccinated in the
second batch.
100 : 85 000
120 : x
10 200 000 = 100x
x= 102 000
33
(b)The total number of cattle in the district is 265 000. Calculate, as a

percentage, the number of cattle that were to be vaccinated in the first
batch
85 000
× 100% = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟏%
265 000
(c) The total number of cattle in the district is only 12.5% of the total
population of cattle in the entire country. Calculate the total number of
cattle in the country.
12.5 : 265 000
100 : x
12.5𝑥 26 500 000
=
12.5 12.5
x = 2 120 000

Maipelo tiles a square floor of area 144m2 . She uses square tiles of side
length 30cm.
(a)Show that the number of tiles that are needed to cover the whole floor
is 1600.
1m2 = 10 000cm2
144m2 × 10 000cm2 / m2 = 1 440 000cm2 (floor area)
30cm2 ×30cm2 = 900cm2 ( area of each tile)
𝟏 𝟒𝟒𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
= 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝟗𝟎𝟎
34
(b)The tiles are packed and sold in boxes of 14. Calculate the number
(i)of boxes Maipelo needs for the entire floor
1600 2
= 114
14 7
∴ 115 𝑏𝑜𝑥𝑒𝑠
(ii)of tiles that will be left unused after tiling
5
× 14 = 𝟏𝟎 tiles will be left
7
(c) A box of tiles costs P125.95. Calculate the total cost of tiles needed
to cover the entire floor.
P125.95 × 115 = P14 484.25
(d)The cost of transporting the tiles is 8% of the total cost of boxes.
Calculate the cost of transporting the tiles.
8
× 𝑃14 484.25 = 𝑷𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟖. 𝟕𝟒
100

A bus is filled to capacity with 70 paying passengers travelling from
Kgakalo to Gaule. The distance from Kgakalo to Gaule is 228km. The
bus fare is 22.73 thebe per kilometre.
(a)Calculate the total bus fare, to the nearest thebe, of all the paying
passengers
22.73 × 228km = 5182.44 thebe
So, each passenger pays P51. 82
P51.82 × 70 = P3627. 71
Total bus fare = P3627. 71
35
(b)At the start of the return journey, the bus was 80% full of paying
passengers
(i)How many paying passengers were on the bus?
100 : 70 cross multiply and divide
80 : x
x = 56
there were 56 paying passengers
(ii)At Sateng, a village 120km from Gaule, more paying passengers
boarded the bus and it was filled to capacity.
Calculate the total bus fare on the return journey
P51.82× 56 = P2901.92
120 ×22.73 = P27.28
P27.28 × 14 = P381.92
So, the total bus fare for return journey was ( P2901.92 + P381.92 ) =
P3283.84

During a festival, a total of 4580 tickets were sold to adults and children.
The percentage of tickets sold to children was 15%. Tickets for adults
were sold for P175 each and tickets for children were sold for P110
each.
(a)What percentage of tickets were sold to adults?
100 – 15 = 85%
(b)Calculate
(i)the number of tickets that were sold to adults
36
85
× 4580 = 3893 tickets
100
(ii) The total amount of money made from the sale of tickets
(P175 × 3893) + (P110×687) = P756 845
(c ) An amount of P454 107 from the sale of tickets was shared amongst
three charity organizations in the ratio 6: 3 : 2
(i)How much money did the charity organization with the smallest share
receive?
2
× 𝑃454 107 = 𝑷𝟖𝟐 𝟓𝟔𝟒. 𝟗𝟏
11
(ii)The amount of money received by the charity organization with the

1
smallest share represents an increase of 17 % of what they received in
4
the previous festival. Calculate the amount of money that the
organization received in the previous festival.
117.25 : 82 564.91
100 : x
x = P70 417.83
37
EXPRESSIONS AND SIMPLE EQUATIONS

* Simplify the following expressions
Hint: Collect like terms
a) 3x2 + 9x2+2x2+7x2 b)4x + x2 + 5
=21x2 = 4x + x2 +5
c)7x + 4y + 6x + 11y d) x2 + 5xy – 11xy – 4y2 +7y2
=13x + 15y =x2 – 6xy +3y2
e)6(3x+y) + 5(2x +3y) (remove brackets and collect like terms)
18x +6y + 10x + 15y
28x +21y
Solve the following equations
a) 5x +2 = 3x +7 b) 7x – 24 = 2x – 4
5x – 3x = 7 – 2 7x – 2x = – 4 +24
2x = 5 5x = 20
x= 2.5 x=4
c) 2(x – 3) – 5(4 – 2x) = 10 d)3x – 14 +4x – 2 = 4 – 3x

2x – 6 – 20 + 10x = 10 3x + 4x + 3x = 4+2+14
2x + 10x – 26 = 10 10x = 20
12x = 10 + 26 x= 2
12x = 36
x=3
38
e)4(2x – 5) = 4 f)5(x – 3) – (4 – x) = 2(3 – x)

8x – 20= 4 5x – 15 – 4 +x = 6 – 2x
8x = 24 5x + x +2x = 6 + 15 +4
x=3 8x = 25
x= 3.125
Exercise
a.7(a – 3) + 9 = 8(5 – a) – 7
b. 2(x – 8) +14 = 8(x – 2) – 22
c. 48 – 6(5x – 2) = 0
d.7 – 2(3a + 5) = 5(1 – 3a)
EXPRESSIONS IN FRACTIONS
Express as a fraction in its simplest form

𝑥 2𝑥 3𝑥
∗ – –
4 5 8
Express using the same denominator

The LCM of 4, 5 and 8 is 40.
𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥 𝑥×8 10×𝑥 5×3𝑥
– – = – –
5 4 8 5×8 4×10 8×5
8𝑥 10𝑥 15𝑥
– –
40 40 40
−𝟏𝟕𝒙
=
𝟒𝟎
39
𝑥−2 4−3𝑥 3 2
* + * + = LCM of x and y is xy
4 5 𝑥 𝑦
3 2 3𝑦 2𝑥
LCM of 5 and 4 is 20 + = +
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑦𝑥
𝑥−2 4−3𝑥 5( 𝑥−2) 4(4−3𝑥) 𝟑𝒚+𝟐𝒙

+ = +
4 5 4×5 5×4 𝒙𝒚
5𝑥−10 16−12𝑥
+
20 20
16−10+5𝑥−12𝑥
20
𝟔−𝟕𝒙
=
𝟐𝟎
4 3 𝑧 2 𝑧(𝑧+9)−2(𝑧−7)
* + *
𝑧−7
– =
𝑥+5 𝑥 𝑧+9 (𝑧−7)(𝑧+9)
𝑧 2 +9𝑧−2𝑧+14
LCM is x(x+5)
(z−7)(z+9)
4 3 4𝑥+3(𝑥+5) 𝒛𝟐 +𝟕𝒛+𝟏𝟒
+ =
𝑥+5 𝑥 𝑥(𝑥+5) (𝒛−𝟕)(𝒛+𝟗)
4𝑥+3𝑥+15
𝑥(𝑥+5)
𝟕𝒙+𝟏𝟓
𝒙(𝒙+𝟓)
Exercise your mind

Express as a single fraction in its simplest form
5𝑐+2 𝑐 7𝑚−5 5𝑚
a) + b) –
7 4 6 12
𝑡 5−3𝑥 2𝑥−5
c) − 4 d) –
7 6 3
40
SIMPLE EQUATIONS WITH FRACTIONS

3𝑥 𝑥 𝑥−1 2−𝑥
∗ – =5 * − =1
7 4 3 5
(4×3𝑥) (𝑥×7) x−1 2−x
– =5 15( ) − 15( ) = 1 × 15
7×4 4×7 3 5
12𝑥 7𝑥
– =5 5x – 5 – 6 + 3x = 15
28 28
5𝑥
=4 8x – 11 = 15
28
5x=140 8x = 15 + 11
x=28 8x = 26
26 13
x= = = 314
8 4

Solve the equation
2𝑏
+ 1 × 3 = 2𝑏 × 3
3×3
2b + 3 = 6b
3 = 4b
𝟑
b=
𝟒
2009 PAPER 3, QUESTION 2(c)
4 5
∗ 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 − 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑟−1 3𝑟+1
41
4 5 4(3𝑟+1) 5(𝑟−1) 12𝑟+4−5𝑟+5

− = − = =
𝑟−1 3𝑟+1 𝑟−1 3𝑟+1 (𝑟−1)(3𝑟+1)
𝟕𝒓+𝟗
(𝒓−𝟏)(𝟑𝒓+𝟏)
2006 PAPER 3, QUESTION 3 (b)

Write as a single fraction
4 3
−
𝑥−2 𝑥−5
(4𝑥−20)−(3𝑥−6)
∗
(𝑥−2)(𝑥−5)
𝒙−𝟏𝟒
∗
(𝒙−𝟐)(𝒙−𝟓)
2003, PAPER 3 QUESTION 5

(a)Express as a fraction in its simplest form
2 1
∗ −
𝑥+3 2𝑥−1
4𝑥−2−𝑥−3
∗
(𝑥+3)(2𝑥−1)
𝟑𝒙+𝟏
∗
(𝒙+𝟑)(𝟐𝒙−𝟏)

(a)Solve the equations
2
(i) =5
𝑡+1
2 = 5t +5
– 3 = 5t
42
𝟑
t= –
𝟓
(ii)(𝑦 − 2)2 = 49
√(𝑦 − 2)2 =√49
y–2=7
y=9
SUBJECT OF THE FORMULA
*Make t the subject of the formula

v = u + at
The aim is to isolate the term in t, or to make sure that only t remains on
the other side of equal sign.
v – u = at
𝑣−𝑢 𝑎𝑡
=
𝑎 𝑎
𝑣−𝑢
𝑡= t is now the subject of the formula
𝑎
*Make p the subject of the following formula

2(𝑝−1)
𝑇=
𝑞
2𝑝−2
T=
𝑞
43
2𝑝−2
T×q= ×q
𝑞
Tq =2p – 2
Tq + 2 = 2p
𝑻𝒒+𝟐
p=
𝟐
Exercise your mind

In each of the following formulae, change the subject to the letter given
in brackets
*y = 5x + 3 (x)
*p = 5xy +y (x)
*c = 5d – 2 (d)
𝑥+2
*𝑇 = (x)
7
CHANGING THE SUBJECT IN COMPLEX FORMULAE

*Make a the subject of the formula
T = 2𝜋√𝑎2 − 4
𝑇 2𝜋√𝑎2 −4
= (divide both sides by 2𝜋 )
2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑇
= √𝑎2 − 4
2𝜋
44
𝑇
( ) 2 = (√𝑎2 − 4 )2 ( square both sides using the result that √𝑥 × √𝑥
2𝜋
= x)
𝑇2
=a2 – 4 (add 4 to both sides)
22 ×𝜋2
𝑇2
+ 4 =𝑎2
4𝜋2
(take the square root to give a as the subject of the formula)
𝑻𝟐
a= √( + 𝟒)
𝟒𝝅𝟐
*Make x the subject of the formula

P = qx + 2x +2a (notice that x appears twice in the formula)
P – 2a = qx + 2x
P – 2a = x( q + 2) factorize the right-hand side
𝑷−𝟐𝒂
x=
𝒒+𝟐
*In each of the following formula change the subject to the letter given
in brackets
*A= 𝜋R2 ( R)
𝐴
𝜋
= R2 Divide by 𝜋
𝐴
√𝑅 2 = √
𝜋
45
𝐴
R=√
𝜋
*P = √𝑍 − 6 (Z)
P2 = (√𝑍 − 6 ) 2 Square both sides to get rid of the radical
P2 = Z – 6 Add 6 to both sides of the equation
Z = P2 +6
*y = 5√3 − 2𝑥 2 (x)
𝑦
= √3 − 2𝑥 2 divide both sides by 5
5
𝑦
( ) 2 = (√3 − 2𝑥 2 )2 square both sides of the equation
5
𝑦
( ) 2 = 3 − 2𝑥 2
5
𝑦
( 5 )2 −3 −2𝑥 2
= divide both sides by negative 2
−2 −2
𝑦
( 5 )2 −3
2
𝑥 =
−2
𝑦
( )2 −3
√𝑥 2 = √ 5
take a square of both sides
−2
𝒚
( )𝟐 −𝟑
x=√ 𝟓
−𝟐
Exercise your mind

In each of the following formula change the subject to the letter given in
brackets
46
1+3𝑚
∗𝑇 = (m)
𝑚
2𝑠
*T=√ (g)
𝑔
𝑎2 − 𝑐 2
*y = ( c)
𝑎2 +𝑐 2
*a – bc = 3 + 7c (c )
*f= 3g – 4 +g (g)
*v2 = u2 +2as (u)
4𝑟 2 −7𝑠3
*p = (s)
5𝑡−2

*Make t the subject of the formula
√𝑡+2 √𝑡+2
=1 u× =1×u
𝑢 𝑢
√𝑡 + 2 = u (√𝑡 + 2)2 = (u)2 square both sides to remove radical

t + 2 = u2 Ans: t = u2 – 2
47

Make r the subject of the formula
𝑎(1+𝑟)
p=
1−𝑟
𝑎(1+𝑟)
* p× 1 – r = ×1–r multiply by 1 – r both sides
1−𝑟
p – pr = a +ar)
p – a = pr + ar factorize to pull out r
p – a = r(p +a)
𝒑−𝒂
r= final answer
𝒑+𝒂

2𝑡+3
(b) Given that p=√ , express t in terms of p
𝑡−1
(This simply means that make t the subject of the formula)
2𝑡+3 2
(p)2 =(√ ) square both sides
𝑡−1
2𝑡+3
𝑝2 =
𝑡−1
𝑝2 𝑡 − 𝑝2 = 2t +3
𝑝2 𝑡 − 2𝑡 =3+𝑝2 factorize
t( 𝑝2 − 2) = 3+𝑝2
𝟑+𝒑𝟐
𝒕= final answer
𝒑𝟐 −𝟐

The formula for calculating the horsepower, H, of the engine is given by
48
𝒅𝟐 𝑵
H=
𝟏𝟔
where d is the cylinder bore, in centimetres, and N is the number of

cylinders.
(a)Express d in terms of H and N
16H = 𝑑2 N
𝟏𝟔𝑯
d= √
𝑵
(b)The horsepower, H, of an 8-cylinder engine is 47.05. Calculate the

cylinder bore, in centimetres.
(16×47.05)
d=√
8
d = 9.70cm
PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES
SEQUENCES
A sequence is a set of numbers which follow a particular rule. The

word ‘ term’ is often used to describe the numbers in a sequence.
For the sequence
3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23
The first term is 3 and the second term is 7 etc.
49
The expression ‘ the nth term’ is often used to denote the value of any
term in the sequence.
For the above sequence the nth term is 4n – 1 so that:
the first term ( where n=1 ) is 4 ×1 – 1 = 3
the second term( where n=2) is 4 ×2 – 1= 7
the term (where n =3 ) is 4×3 – 1 = 11
similarly, the 50th term (where n=50 ) is 4×50 – 1 = 199

and the 1000th term (where n = 1000) is 4 ×1000 – 1 = 3999
Linear sequences
For the sequence
3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23
Work out the difference as shown
3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23
+4 +4 +4 +4 +4
As the first differences are all the same then the sequence is linear,
so you can use the formula:
The nth term = first term + (n – 1 ) ×1st difference
For this sequence
The nth term = 3 + (n – 1) ×4
50
= 3 + 4n – 4
=4n – 1
*Consider the following sequence

1, 3, 5, 7, 9,
+2 +2 +2 +2
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 …t15 … tn
1 3 5 7 9 … …
2×1 – 1 2×2 – 1 2×3 – 1 2×4 – 1 2×5 – 1 …2×15 – … 2×n – 1
1
Here is the rule to generate the sequence is (2n – 1 )

tn = 2n – 1
t1 = 2 ×1 – 1 =1
…
t12 = 2 ×12 – 1 = 23
t151 = 2 × 151 – 1 = 301
*Generate a rule for the sequences given and find the terms asked under
each
(a ) 64, 56, 48, 40
51
Solution
64, 56, 48, 40,
–8 –8 – 8
a)Find tn
The nth term = first term + (n – 1 ) ×1st difference
64 + (n – 1 ) × (– 8) = 64 + ( –8n) + 8
tn = 72 – 8n
b)Hence find t9 and t22
*72 – 8(9) = 72 – 72
t9=0
*72 – 8(22) = 72 – 176
t22= –104
Mind gym
Generate a rule for the sequences given and find the terms asked under
each
*7, 15 , 23, 31
a)Find tn
b)Hence find t9, t17 and t105
52
* 1, 4, 9, 16, 25
a)Find tn
b)Hence find t17, t25, t36, t40
*16 , 22, 28, 34

a) Find tn
b)Hence find t10, t14 and t55
*Generate a sequence given the nth term (tn) of the sequence. Give
the first 5 terms
(i) (3 +7n) first term = 3 + 7(1) = 10

Second term = 3 +7(2) = 17
Third term = 3 +7(3)= 24
Fourth term = 3 + 7(4) = 31
Fifth term = 3 + 7(5)= 38
The sequence is 10 , 17, 24, 31, 38

Mind gym
*(2 – 3n ) *(5n – 1)
*n(n+1) *3n – 3
*(3n – 2 ) *7n – 8
53
FINDING THE NTH TERM USING A DIFFERENCE TABLE

SEQUENCE
If we assume tn = an +b where a and b are numbers, then we can form a
difference table sequence.
a+b, 2a+b, 3a+b, 4a+b,
a a a
then in tn= an +b , a=8
tn = 8n + b
using the first term t1= 5, we have 5 = 8 ×1 +b
5= 8+b
b= 5 – 8
b= – 3
hence tn = 8n – 3 for the given sequence
Check the answer: t2 = 8×2 – 3 = 16 – 3 = 13

t3= 8 ×3 – 3 = 24 – 3 = 21
*tn takes the form of an2 +bn + c when we have to go into the second
difference. tn = an2 +bn +c, giving b=1, 2, 3 …. We get
54
a+b+c 4a+2b+c 9a+3b+c 16a+4b+c
3a +b 5a+b 7a+b
Examples
*Find tn for the sequence 6, 7, 10, 15
Solution
6, 7, 10, 15,
1 3 5
2 2
2a = 2 so a = 1 in tn = an2 +bn + c
When n= 1 , t1 = 1 ×12 + b×1 +c = 6
1+b+c=6
b+c = 5 (1)
when n = 2 , t2 = 1×22+b×2+c =7
4 +2b+c= 7
2b+c = 3 (2)
Solving (1) and (2) for b and c

b+ c = 5
2b + c = 3
55
– b= 2 or b= – 2
b+ c = 5
–2 + c = 5
c=7
tn= n2 – 2n + 7
always check your answer

t2 = 22 – 2 ×2+7 =7
t5 = 25 – 2 ×5 + 6= 28
*Find tn for the sequence 3, 9, 19, 33, 51

3, 9, 19, 33, 51
6 10 14 18
4 4 4
Here 2a = 4 so a =2 in tn = an2 +bn +c
i.e tn= 2n2 +bn +c
to find b and c :
when n = 1, t1= 2×12 +b×1+c= 2 +b+c= 3
b+c = 1
56
when n= 2, t2 = 2 ×22 +b×2 +c = 8 +2b+ c= 9

2b+ c = 1
Solve (1) and (2) for b and c

b+ c = 1 solve simultaneously
2b+c = 1
– b= 0 or b=0
and b + c= 1
0+c= 1
c= 1
tn= 2n2 + 0 ×n +1
tn = 2n2 + 1
check your answers : t3 = 2×32 + 1 = 19

t4 = 2×42 +1= 33
ANOTHER WAY OF DEALING WITH QUADRATIC

SEQUENCES
For the sequence
– 1, 2, 7, 14, 23, 34…
Work out the difference as shown
57
As the first differences are not the same, work out the second
differences (or the differences of the differences).
As the second differences are all the same, the sequence is quadratic
so use the formula:
The nth term = first term+ ( n – 1 ) ×1st difference + (n – 1)(n –

𝟐𝒏𝒅 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆
2)×
𝟐
2
= – 1 + ( n – 1 )×3+(n – 1 )(n – 2 )×
2
= –1+ 3n – 3 + ( n – 1)( n – 2 )
= –1 +3n – 3 + n2 – 3n + 2
= n2 – 2
PAST EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
The diagrams below show a pattern of squares
58
The table below shows the number of squares in each diagram

diagram 1 2 3 4 5 … … n
Number of squares 3 6 11 18
(a)Write down the number of squares in Diagram 5

3, 9, 11, 18, 27
3 5 7 9..
2 2 2
27 squares in diagram 5
(b) Express, in terms of n, the total number of squares in Diagram n

2)×
𝟐
2
= 3 + (n – 1 ) × 3 +( n – 1)( n – 2)×
2
= 3 + 3n – 3 + n2 – 2n – n + 2 ×1
59
= n2 + 2
(c ) Hence or otherwise calculate the number of squares in Diagram 39

= n2 + 2
= (39)2 + 2
= 1523
(d) The total number of squares in a diagram is 5331. What is the

Diagram number?
5331 – 2 = 5329
√5329 = 73
Diagram 73

The table below shows the number of diagonals in polygons
Number of sides 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 … 10
Number of diagonals 0 2 5 9 14
A 3-sided polygon has 0 diagonals, a 4-sided polygon has 2 diagonals, a

5- sided polygon has 5 diagonals and so on
(a ) How many diagonals are there in
(i)an 8-sided polygon
60
0, 2, 5, 9, 14 20
2 3 4 5 6
1 1 1 1
20 diagonals
(ii)a 9- sided polygon

0, 2, 5, 9, 14 20 27
2 3 4 5 6 7
1 1 1 1 1
27 diagonals in a 9-sided polygon
(b)Find the general formula for the number of diagonals in n – sided

polygon
61

The first four terms of a sequence are 3, 4, 7 and 12
(a)Write down the 5th term of the sequence
3, 4, 7, 12, 19
1 3 5 7
2 2 2
19 is the 5th term of the sequence
(b)Find the expression for the nth term of the sequence
2a = 2 , a= 1
tn = n2 +bn +c
for n=1 , 1 ×12+ 1b + c = 3 for n=2 , 1 ×22+2b+c= 4
b +c = 2 4+2b+c= 4
2b+c=0
2b+c=0 solve simultaneously

b +c = 2 , b= –2
62
– 2 +c = 2, so c=4
So, the nth term takes the form (1)n2 +(–2)n+4
nth term = n2 – 2n + 4
check if your answer corresponds with the terms in the question
n= 1, 12 – 2(1) + 4= 3
n= 2, 22 – 2(2) + 4 = 4
(c ) What is the value of n for which the term is 103?

n2 – 2n + 4 = 103 subtract 4 from both sides of the equation
n2 – 2n – 99 = 0
n2 +9n – 11n – 99 = 0 factorize
n(n +9) – 11(n + 9)= 0
n= – 9 or n = 11 we take the positive one so n= 11

The diagrams below show patterns made of matchsticks of the same
length. The total number of sticks in Diagram 1 is 3 and the total number
of sticks in Diagram 2 is 9.
63
The table below shows the total number of matchsticks used in a

Diagram.
Diagram 1 2 3 4 … … n
Total number of matchsticks 3 9 … …
(a)What is the total number of matchsticks in Diagram 3?

18 matchsticks
(b)Find the total number of matchsticks in Diagram 4.
3 9 18, 30,
6 9 12
3 3 3
30 matchsticks
(c )Express in terms of n the total number of matchsticks in Diagram n.

3
2a =3 , a= 3a+b= 6 a+b+c= 3
2
9 3
+b = 6 , b= c=0
2 2
𝟑 𝟑
tn = n 2 + n
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑
(d) n2 + n – 165 = 0
𝟐 𝟐
64
3n2 +3n – 330 =0

−𝟑±√𝟑𝟐 −𝟒×𝟑−𝟑𝟑𝟎
n=
𝟔
−3±√3969
n=
6
n= – 11 , n= 10
∴ 𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎

The first five terms of a sequence are 6, 6, 5, 3 and 0
What is
(a)The 6th term
6, 6, 5, 3, 0 –4
0 –1 – 2 –3 –4
–1 –1 –1 –1
Ans = – 4
b)an expression for the nth term
1 1 3
2a = – 1 , a = – 3a+b=0 – + +c= 0
2 2 2
3
b= c=5
2
𝒏𝟐 𝟑𝒏
tn = – + +5
𝟐 𝟐
65
c)the 61st term

61 2 3(61)
t 61 = – ( ) +( )+5
2 2
= – 1764
d)the value of n for which the nth term is – 225

𝑛2 3𝑛
– + + 5 = – 225
2 2
– n2 + 3n +460 = 0 divide through by – 1

n2 – 3n – 460 =0
n2 – 23n +20n – 460 = 0 factorize
n(n – 23 )+ 20(n – 23) = 0
(n – 23)(n + 20) = 0
n= – 20 or n = 23
∴ 𝑛 = 23

A sequence of numbers is – 3, 0.5, 10, 25.5, 47, …
(a)What is the next term of the sequence?
66
– 3 , 0.5 10 25.5 47 74.5
3.5 9.5 15.5 21.5 27.5
6 6 6 6
= 74.5
b)Write an expression for the nth term of the sequence
2a =6 , so a = 3
For n =1 , 3(1)2 + b+c = – 3
b+c = – 6
for n= 2, 3(2)2 +2b+c = 0.5
12 + 2b + c = 0.5
2b + c = – 11.5
2b + c = – 11.5 solve simultaneously

b+c=–6
b = 5.5 and c = – 0.5

∴tn = 3n2 – 5.5n – 0.5
d)Calculate the value of n for which the nth term is 302

302 = 3n2 – 5.5n – 0.5
67
3n2 – 5.5n – 302.5 = 0

−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
5.5 ±√5.52 −4×3×(−302.5)

n=
6
5.5±√3660.25
n=
6
∴n= 11

The first 4 terms of the sequence are 0, 3, 12 and 27
a)Write the 5th term of the sequence
0 3 12, 27 , 48
3 9 15 21
6 6 6
48 is the 5th term of the sequence
b) what is the expression for the nth term?
2)×
𝟐
6
0 + (n – 1 )×3 +(n – 1 )( n – 2 )×
2
0 + 3n – 3 +(n2 – 3n + 2) ×3
68
3n – 3 +3n2 – 9n +6
tn = 3n2 – 6n +3
c)Calculate the value of the 20th term
t20 = 3(20)2 – 6(20) + 3
= 1083
ii)calculate the value of n for which the nth term is 675
675 = 3n2 – 6n +3
3n2 – 6n – 672 = 0
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
n=
2𝑎
6±√62 −4×3×(−672)
=
6
6±√8100
=
6
n= 16 or n= – 14
∴ 𝑛 = 16
The first four terms of the sequence are 98, 94, 88 and 80
(a)What is the next term
98 94 88, 80, 70
–4 –6 –8 – 10
–2 –2 –2
69
The next term is 70

b)Expression for the nth term of the sequence
2)×
𝟐
−2
nth term = 98 + ( n – 1 )× (– 4 ) + (n – 1 )(n – 2)×
2
98 – 4n + 4 – (n2 – 3n +2)×( – 1)
tn = – n2 – n + 100
b)Calculate the 50th term

– (50)2 – 50 + 100
= – 2500 – 50 + 100
= – 2450
ii)the value of n for which the nth term is – 500
– n2 – n + 100 = – 500
n2 +n – 600
(n + 25) ( n – 24 ) = 0
n= – 25 or n = 24
∴ 𝑛 = 24
70
RATIO AND PROPORTIONS

*Ratios are used to compare quantities
*The simplest form of a ratio has whole numbers with no common
factor
Example 1
*Tshepho is 52 years old and her son is 26 years old. We say the
ratio of Tshepho’s age to her son’s age is 52 : 26 = 2 : 1 and the ratio
of her son’s age to hers is 26 : 52 = 1 : 2
Example 2
Maipelo is three times older than Thero and Thero is half of
Tshepho’s age. If Tshepho is 30 years old, write their age in the ratio
Maipelo : Thero : Tshepho in its simplest form.
Thero is half of 30 years old, which is 15 years and Maipelo is 3

times older than Thero, so she is 45 years old
45 : 15 : 30
3:1:2
Example 3
A book costs P450. How much will you need to buy 10 of those
books ?
P450 × 10 = P4500
71
The cost of books increases as the number of books increase. This is

refereed to as direct proportion. If we were to decrease the number
of books to 5, the cost would also decrease to P2250.
Number increases cost increases
Number decreases cost decreases
Example 4
A building company has enough food for its 400 workers for 20 days. If
the company increased its workers to 800, how long would the food last?
400 : 20
800 : x
400×20 8000
= = 10 days
800 800
Since the number of workers increased, the consumption of food also

increased leading to the food getting depleted quickly
This is an example of inverse proportion.
Exercise with solutions

1.3 men share P90 000 in the ratio of their ages. Michael is 30 years
old; Thabo is 60 years old and Mighty is 90 years old. Write the ratio of
their ages in its simplest form and calculate each man’s share.
72
Ratio of ages
30 : 60 : 90 divide all ages by 30, which is the Highest Common Factor
1: 2 : 3
ii) Each man’s share
1+2+3=6
1
Michael’s share would be × 𝑃90 000 = 𝑷𝟏𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎
6
2
Thabo’s share would be × P90 000 = P30 000
6
3
Mighty’s share would be × 𝑃90 000 = 𝑷𝟒𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎
6
2.A bag contains marbles, balls and pen lids in the ratio 5 : 2 : 3. There
are 30 balls in the bag.
i)How many marbles are there in the bag?
5 + 2 + 3 = 10
2
× 𝑝 = 30 p is the unknown number of objects in the bag
10
2p = 300
p = 150
𝟓
∴ × 150 = 75
𝟏𝟎
There are 75 marbles
ii) How many pen lids are there ?
73
150 – ( 75 + 30 ) = 45
45 pen lids
3. A spaceship travelling at an average speed of 700km/ h takes 4 hours

to complete a journey, if the journey is to be completed in 2 hours, what
should be the speed of the spaceship?
700 : 4
x:2
700×4 2800
= = 1400 km/h
2 2
4. A boarding school has enough food to last its 420 students for 40
days. How long will the food last if it had 600 students?
420 : 40
300 : x
420×40 16 800
= = 56 days
300 300

*A school has 275 male students and 425 female students
(a )How many students are there altogether in school?
74
275 + 425 = 700 students
(b ) The ratio of the number of students to number of teachers in the

school is 25: 1. How many teachers are there in school?
700 : 25
x : 1
𝟕𝟎𝟎
= x , x = 28
𝟐𝟓
28 teachers
2012 BGCSE PAPER 1

1.A video tape can record programmes of up to 135 minutes. A
programme that lasts 55 minutes is recorded on a tape.
How much time in hours and minutes, is left on the tape after the
recording?
Answer
135 – 55 minutes = 80 minutes
80 minutes = 1 hour 20 minutes
2. Square tiles each of length 30cm are used to tile a floor

(a)A total of 12 tiles are placed side to side in a single row. Calculate the
length of the row of tiles
Answer
30cm × 12
= 360cm
75
(b)The tiles are used to cover a square floor of side 4.5m. How many
tiles are needed to cover the floor?
Answer
4.5m = 450cm
So, the whole floor is 450cm × 450cm = 202 500cm2
And each tile is 30cm × 30cm = 900cm2
𝟐𝟎𝟐 𝟓𝟎𝟎
So, we proceed thus = 225 tiles
𝟗𝟎𝟎
3. The mass of a packet of tea is 125g correct to the nearest 5g. Calculate
the lower bound for the mass of packet of tea.
Answer
124.5 g
4. The diagram below shows a circular disc with a shaded cross section.
The inner radius of the disc is 2cm and the outer radius is 10cm. Take 𝜋
as 3.142
(a)Calculate the area of the inner circle

Answer
Area of circle = 𝜋𝑟 2
= 3.142 × 2cm ×2cm
76
= 12.568cm2
= 12.57cm2
(b)the cross section

3.142 ×12cm ×12cm
= 452.448
=452.45cm2
1
5. Petrol is pumped at the rate of of a litre per second. A petrol
3
attendant fills up a 200 litre tank with petrol.
How many minutes will it take to fill up the tank?
Answer
333.33 : 1
200 000 : x
200 litres = 200 000 millilitres

333.33x = 200 000
x = 600.006 seconds
x = 600 / 60 seconds
= 10 minutes
77
𝑝+3
6. Solve for the value of p in the equation = 1 − 2𝑝
4
Answer
P + 3 = 4 – 8p
P + 8P = 4 – 3
9P = 1
𝟏
P=
𝟗
7. The diagram below shows the points A, B and C on the circumference of a

circle, centre O. AB = 8cm and BC= 6cm
(a)state with a reason the size of AB̂C

90°, the angle in a semi-circle is a right angle
(b)Calculate the length of diameter AC of the circle
Answer
(AB)2 +(BC)2 = (AC)2
82 + 62 = (AC)2
64 + 36 = 100
100 = (AC)2
78
AC = √𝟏𝟎𝟎
AC = 10cm
8. Factorise a2 – a – 6 completely
Answer
(a + 2)(a – 3)
9. The diagram below shows the speed – time graph for the last 30
seconds of a car as it approaches a stop sign
(a)What is the speed of the car at t = 10?

Ans: 16m/s
(b)Calculate
(i)the total distance travelled by the car in the 30 seconds
Distance = area under the graph
Area of rectangle + area of triangle
79
𝟏
(l × w ) + ( 𝒃𝒉)
𝟐
𝟏
( 20 × 16) +( × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟔)
𝟐
= 320 + 80
= 400m
(ii)the deceleration of the car during the last 10 seconds
Deceleration = gradient of the graph
𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒚
=
𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒙
𝟏𝟔−𝟎
= 1.6
𝟑𝟎−𝟐𝟎
= – 1.6m/s2
The answer is negative because deceleration is negative acceleration
10. The diagram below shows shapes A and B
(a)Describe fully the transformation that maps shape A onto shape B
80
Answer : rotation through 90° clockwise, centre of rotation being (0,0) or

origin
(b)Reflect shape B into line t
11. The diagram shows the shape of the graph y = 3x + 9
y= -x + 1
(a)On the same axis, draw the graph of y = – x + 1

(b) Use the graphs to find the value of x and the value of y that satisfy y = 3x + 9
and y = – x + 1
Answer : where the 2 graphs cross each other, which is ( – 2 , 3)
12. The prices for taxi special delivery are increased from P16.00 to P17.60.
Calculate the percentage increase
81
Answer
𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆
Percentage change = ×100%
𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕
𝟏.𝟔𝟎
= × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟏𝟔.𝟎𝟎
= 10%
13. In a raffle to raise funds for the school project, a total of 350 tickets
were sold at P5.00 each.
(a)How much money was raised from the sale of tickets?
Ans: P5.00 × 350
= P1750
(b)Tiro bought a total of 75 tickets. During the draw, one ticket is drawn once.
What is the probability that the ticket drawn is one of those Tiro bought?
Answer
𝟕𝟓 𝟑
=
𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝟏𝟒
14. A school spent P90 000 on calculators, notebooks, printing paper and pens. The
information is represented on the pie chart below
82
(a)Calculate the value of x

Answer
360° – ( 166 ° + 122° + 6°)
360° – 294° = 66°
(b)How much money was spent on pens?

Answer
6
× 𝑃90 000 = 𝑃1500
360
BGCSE MATHS 2012 PAPER 2
1.In March 2010, the number of goats sold for slaughter was 3650.
(a)Express the number of goats sold in standard form
Answer
3.650 × 103
(b)The total amount of money paid for the goats in March 2010 was P2 682 000.
Calculate the mean selling price of a goat, correct to the nearest thebe
Answer
𝟐 𝟔𝟖𝟐 𝟎𝟎𝟎
= 𝑷𝟕𝟑𝟒. 𝟕𝟗𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟎𝟓𝟒𝟕𝟗
𝟑𝟔𝟓𝟎
= P734.80
(c)In March 2011, the number of goats sold was 16% less than that of March 2010.
How many goats were sold in March 2011?
83
Answer
100 : 3650
84 : x
100𝑥 3650 ×84
=
100 100
x = 3066
2. Mr Mokone bought 375 bags of flour each of mass 12.5kg.

(a)Calculate the mass of flour bought
Answer
12.5kg × 375
= 4687.5kg
(b)He packaged the flour into 2.5kg packets. Calculate the number of packets used
to package the flour
Answer
𝟒𝟔𝟖𝟕.𝟓
= 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓
𝟐.𝟓
3. A mass of 100g is hung at the end of the spring and the length of the spring
measured. Another mass of 100g is added and the spring length is measured again.
The exercise is repeated up to the 8th mass.
The results are shown in the scatter graph below
84
(a)State the type of correlation of the scatter graph

Answer : positive correlation
(b) Draw the line of best fit of the scatter graph
Using the line of best fit, estimate the mass when the length of the spring is
8.64mm
Answer : 350g
85
4.The cash price of a new car is P115 000.There are two options, A and B of
paying for the car as shown in the table below.
Option Payment
A P 115 000 cash
B 27% of cash price deposit plus 48 monthly

installments of P2870
Mpho chooses option B to pay for the car

(a)Calculate the amount of money she will pay as deposit
Answer
𝟐𝟕
× 𝑷𝟏𝟏𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 𝑷𝟑𝟏 𝟎𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟎𝟎
(b)the amount of money she will have to pay

Answer
P31 050 + (48 × P2870)
= P168 810
(b)Mpho pays more money by choosing option B than option A. How much more
does she have to pay
Answer
P168 810 – P115 000
= P53 810
86
5. The points L(– 6 , 11) and M(– 5 , 8) lie on a straight line.

Find the equation of line LM
Answer : use any of the points
Equation = y – y1 = m ( x – x1) m is the gradient
𝒚𝟐− 𝒚𝟏
m=
𝒙𝟐− 𝒙𝟏
𝟖−𝟏𝟏
m=
−𝟓−(−𝟔)
m= –3
equation : y – 11 = – 3 ( x – (– 6 ))
y – 11 = – 3x – 18
final answer : y = – 3x – 7
(b)LM is extended to a point N such that LM= MN. Find the coordinates of the
point N
Answer
Here we appreciate the concept of midpoint
𝒙𝟏 +𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 +𝒚𝟐
The midpoint formula is ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
The midpoint is M= ( – 5 , 8)
So, we proceed thus
−𝟔+ 𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟏+ 𝒚𝟐
( =–5 , =8)
𝟐 𝟐
( 𝒙𝟐 = – 4 , 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟓)
N = (– 4 , 5 )
87
6. The time, in minutes taken by the competitors to complete a puzzle are

15, 9, 23, 32, 17, 12, 27, 19, 25 and 15
(a)Find the difference between the time taken by the fastest competitor and the
slowest competitor
Answer
32 – 9 = 23
(b)Calculate the median of the distribution
arrange in ascending order
9 , 12, 15, 15, 17, 19 , 23, 25, 27, 32
𝟏𝟕+𝟏𝟗
Answer : = 26.5
𝟐
(c)One competitor is chosen at random from the group to represent the team in a
regional competition. What is the probability that the competitor took more than 18
minutes?
5 competitors have a time of more than 18 so,
𝟓 𝟏
=
𝟏𝟎 𝟐
7. The diagram below shows a plot used for a paddock ABC . The length of
the boundary AB is 100m. The size of BÂC = 35° and the size of AB̂C is 61°.
Calculate the size of A
88
Note: total sum of interior angles of a triangle is 180°

So, we proceed thus 180° – (61° + 35°)
= 84°
(b)The length of boundary AC

Note: we use Sine rule
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝑩
=
𝒂 𝒃
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟖𝟒 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝟏
=
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒙
sin 84(x) = 100 × sin 61

𝟏𝟎𝟎 ×𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝟏
x=
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟖𝟒
= 87. 4619707139
=87.5m
(c)the area of the plot of the paddock

𝟏
Area = 𝒂𝒃𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝑪
𝟐
𝟏
Area= ( 100)(87.5)Sin (35°)
𝟐
= 2509.3969090358
= 2509.40m2
8. The diagrams below shows trapeziums P and Q
89
Describe fully the transformation that maps Trapezium P onto Trapezium Q

Answer
𝟑
Translation through vector
−𝟑
(b)Trapezium R is the image of Trapezium P under enlargement of scale factor 2,
center (0, – 4 ). Draw Trapezium R on the same pair of axis
90
9. The table below shows some values of x and the corresponding values of y
for the equation y = – x2 – 3x + 5
x –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
y –5 1 5 7 7 5 1 –5
(a)On the axes below , draw the graph of y = – x2 – 3x +5 for – 5 ≤ x ≤ 2
91
(b) Use the graph to find values of x such that – x2 – 3x +5 = 0
Answer x = – 4.2 or x = 1.2
1
(c)On the same pair of axes, draw the graph of y = 𝑥 +2 for – 5 ≤ x ≤ 2
2
1
(d)Write down values of x for which – 5 ≤ x ≤ 2 = 𝑥 +2
2
Answer x = – 4 .4 or x = 0.8
10. The diagram below shows the table top TUVWXYZ in the form of a regular
heptagon with centre O. The length of each side is 140cm
(a)State the order of rotational symmetry of the table top

Answer: order 7
(b)Show that the size of TÛV is 128.6° correct to one decimal place
Answer:
n , the number of sides of the polygon, which is 7
92
(n – 2 ) × 180°
5 × 180° = 900° ( total sum of the internal angles of a regular polygon)
𝟗𝟎𝟎
= 𝟏𝟐𝟖. 𝟔°
𝟕
(c)Calculate the perpendicular distance from O to TU

Answer:
(d)The table top is to be decorated using triangular tiles

Calculate the area of tile that is needed to cover TOU
Answer:
11. The diagram below shows a pattern of small triangles
93
The table below shows the number of small triangles in each diagram
Diagram 1 2 3 4 …. n
Number 6 10 14 18
of small
triangles
(b)How many triangles are in diagram 4?

Ans: 18
(c)Write down an expression in terms of n, for the number of triangles in Diagram

n
Ans: 4n + 2
(d)A diagram has a total of 106 small triangles. What is the diagram number?
Ans: 4n + 2 = 106
4n = 104
n = 26
diagram number 26
12. A cup costs Px and a plate costs P3 more than a cup

(a)Write down an expression, in terms of x, for the cost of a plate
Ans: x + 3
94
(b)Martha buys 4 cups and 2 plates. Write down an expression, in terms of x, for
the total amount of money Martha used.
Ans: 4x + 2(x + 3)
= 6x + 2x + 6
= 8x + 6
(c)The total amount of money Martha used is P27. Write down an equation, in
terms of x, for this information
Ans: 8x + 6 = 27
(d)Solve the equation in part (c)

Ans: 8x = 21
x = 2.625
x = 2.63
13. The diagram below shows a solid wooden ornament in the form of a cone of a
base radius 4.3cm. The height of the cone is 6.2cm and the slant height is l cm
(a)Show that the slant height, l , is 7.55cm, correct to 3 significant figures
95
Ans:
(b)Calculate the curved surface area of the cone
Ans:
(c)The ornament is to be vanished. Calculate the total surface area to be

vanished
Ans:
(d)Calculate the volume of wood used to make the ornament
Ans:
2014 BGCSE MATHS PAPER 2
QUESTION 1
A hawker bought a packet of 20 ice pops at P18.00. He sold all the ice pops at
P1.75 each.
Calculate
(a) The profit earned from selling all the ice pops
P1.75 × 20
= P35.00
96
P35.00 – P18.00
Profit = P17.00
(b) The percentage profit made from selling all the ice pops
Answer
𝟏𝟕
× 100%
𝟏𝟖
= 94.4 %
Question 2
Kabo is given 30 tablets. He has to take 3 tablets each day until he has taken them
all
(a)How many tablets were left at the end of the fourth day?
Ans : 30 – ( 3 ×4)
= 18 tablets
(b)After how many days will Kabo finish the tablets?
𝟑𝟎
Answer: = 10 days
𝟑
Question 3
A florist uses either 9 or 12 single roses to prepare bunches of roses. The florist has
60 bunches of roses prepared using 9 single roses. The same number of roses is re
– arranged to prepare bunches each with 12 single roses
How many bunches of roses will be prepared?
Answer
97
60 × 9 = 540
𝟓𝟒𝟎
= 45 bunches
𝟏𝟐
Question 4
A standard fee of water connection is P1500 for plots within 50m of the water line.
For plots more than 50m from the water line there is an additional charge of P27
for every metre.
A plot is 67m from the water line
Calculate the cost of water connection to the plot
Answer
67 – 50 = 17m
17 × P27.00 = P459. 00
P1500 + P459.00
P1959,00
Question 5
The floor area of a hall is 586m2 . The entire floor area has to be carpeted. The
carpet costs P136.95 per square metre before VAT. The VAT is 12% of the cost
price
(a)How much will the carpet cost, to the nearest thebe, when the VAT is included?
Answer
586m2 × P136.95 = P80 252.70
100 : P80 252.70
112 : x
100𝑥 8 988 302.40

=
100 100
98
x = P89 883. 02
(b)At the time of purchase, the carpet was discounted by 14.5%

Calculate the total price of the carpet, to the nearest thebe, at the time of purchase
Answer
100 : 89 883. 02
85.5 : x
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙 𝟕 𝟔𝟖𝟒 𝟗𝟗𝟖.𝟐𝟏

=
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
= P76 849. 98
Question 6
(a) The diagram below shows a triangle STU such that ST = 8.9cm and SU =
10.6cm. The size of SÛT = 52.8° and the size of TŠU = 55. 5°
Answer
180° – (55.5° + 52.8°)
= 71.7°
99
(b)the area of triangle STU
𝟏
Area of triangle = 𝒂𝒃𝑺𝒊𝒏𝑪
𝟐
𝟏
= (𝟏𝟎. 𝟔)(𝟖. 𝟗) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝟓. 𝟓°
𝟐
= 38. 8740323173
= 38.9 cm2
Question 7
A car and a truck drive from a village to a farm 80km away
(a)The average speed of the car is 1.5vkm/h
Write down an expression, in terms of v for the number of hours taken by the car
Answer
𝟖𝟎
𝟏.𝟓𝒗
(b)The average speed of the truck is vkm/h

Write down an expression, in terms of v for the number of hours taken by the
truck
Answer
𝟖𝟎
𝒗
(c)The time taken by the truck from the village to the farm is 24 minutes more than
the time taken by the car
(i)Form an equation, in terms of v, to represent the information and show that it

reduces to 3v = 200
100
Answer
𝟖𝟎 𝟐𝟒 𝟖𝟎
+ =
𝟏.𝟓𝒗 𝟔𝟎 𝒗
𝟒𝟖𝟎𝟎+𝟑𝟔𝒗 𝟖𝟎
= (multiply both sides by 90v )
𝟗𝟎𝒗 𝒗
4800 + 36v = 7200 (subtract 4800 from both sides)

36v = 4800 (divide both sides by 12 )
3v = 200
Hence shown
(ii)Solve the equation 3v = 200

Ans: 3v = 200 (divide both sides by 3)
v = 66. 7
(iii)How many minutes did the truck take to drive to the farm?
Answer
66. 7 + 24 = 90.7 minutes
Question 8
A sheet of paper has a length of 297mm and a width of 210mm.
(a)Calculate the area of one side of the sheet
Answer
Area = Length × width
Area = 297mm × 210mm
Area = 62 370 mm2
(b)A box contains 500 sheets of paper
Show that the total area of both sides of all 500 sheets is 62. 37m2
101
Area of both sides of a sheet of paper = 62 370mm2 × 2 = 124 740 mm2

1m2 : 1 000 000 mm2
x : 62 370 000
= 62.37m2
Hence shown
Question 9
(a)Make h the subject of the formula
𝒉
T = 26 –
𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝒉
= 𝟐𝟔 − 𝑻
𝟓𝟎𝟎
h = 13 000 – 500T
(b)The outside air temperature, T°C, of an aircraft at a height, h feet, is given by
ℎ
T = 26 –
500
The outside air temperature of the aircraft is – 53°C

3
1 metre = 3 feet
8
Calculate the height, in metres, of the aircraft

h = 13 000 – 500(– 53)
h = 39 500 feet
3
1 metre : 3 feet
8
x : 39 500 feet
102
3
3 𝑥 = 39 500
8
x = 11 703.703703703
x = 11 703.70m
Question 10
A goat is freely tied to a tree, T, such that the furthest it can walk from the tree is
1.5m
Describe the locus of points that the goat can reach
Answer
Question 11
3𝑥
Solve the inequality −7 ≥4
5
Answer
𝟑𝒙
= 𝟏𝟏 3x = 55 x = 18.3
𝟓
3𝑥
(b)what is the smallest possible integer value of x that satisfies the inequality −
5
7 ≥4?
Answer : 19
Question 12
The diagram below shows the triangle ABC and triangle PQR
103
(a)Triangle PQR is the image of the triangle ABC after a transformation

Describe the transformation fully
Answer
Enlargement, scale factor 3, centre of enlargement (1, 5)
(b)Translate triangle ABC by vector
Hint: move each point three places to the left and four places downwards. Join all
the points to get DEF
Question 13
104
The diagram below shows a frame, PQRS of a bicycle. The frame is made of steel
tubing such that PQ = 58cm, RS = 48cm , and QS = 50cm. The size of PQS = 50°
and the size of QSP = 60°
(a)Calculate the length of PS

Answer
Use sine rule
𝑷𝑺 𝟓𝟖
=
𝑺𝒊𝒏 𝟕𝟐° 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝟎°
𝑷𝑺
= 66.972631226
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟕𝟐°
PS = 63. 6947573409
PS = 63.7cm
b)the total length of tubing needed to make the frame

Ans: 63.7cm + 58cm + 50cm + 56cm + 48cm
= 275.7cm
Question 14
105
Complete the frequency table for the distribution

Number of people per Number of households
household
2 5
3 9
4 7
5 4
6 2
7 3
b)What is the modal number of people per household?

Ans: 3
c) Calculate the mean number of people per household
𝟏𝟎+𝟐𝟕+𝟐𝟖+𝟐𝟎+𝟏𝟐+𝟐𝟏
Ans:
𝟑𝟎
𝟏𝟏𝟖
= = 3.93
𝟑𝟎
=4
d)What is the probability that the household selected at random has 4 people?
𝟕
Ans:
𝟑𝟎
106
Question 15
In the diagram below, the points P, R and S lie on the circumference of a circle of
centre O. PQ is a tangent to the circle at P, RS is parallel to PO. The size of PQR =
21.8°, OS = 3.25cm and RQ= 5.5cm
a)What is the size of SOR ?

Ans:
b)Calculate the length of tangent PQ

Ans:
Question 16
The diagram below shows a water tank in the form of a cuboid of width
112cm, height 85cm and length 175cm
107
(a)Calculate the volume in litres, of the tank

Ans:
(b)The tank is completely filled with water. The tank is emptied by filling up as
many 25 litre containers as possible
Calculate
(i)the number of 25 litre containers that will be filled up
Ans:
(ii)the volume of water that will be left after the containers are filled up
Ans:
Question 17
The diagram below shows the graph of a quadratic function
108
(a)What is the equation of the line of symmetry of the graph?

Ans:
(b)What is the lowest reading for the value of y from the graph?
Ans:
(c)Use the graph to find values of x when y = 0

Ans:
109
BGCSE MATHS 2014 PAPER 1 SOLUTIONS

QUESTION 1
There are two bottles of cooking oil. The first bottle contains 750ml of cooking oil
and the second bottle contains 8% more cooking oil than the first one.
(a) How much more cooking oil does the second bottle contain?
100% : 750
108% : x
100𝑥 81 000
=
100 100
x = 810ml – 750 ml
Ans : x = 60ml
(b) Calculate the volume of the cooking oil that is contained in the
second bottle
750ml + 60ml = 810ml
Ans: 810ml
QUESTION 2
An entire rectangular sheet of paper is divided into small squares of the same area.
Each square has an area of 36cm2
(a) Calculate the length of each side of square
√36 = 6
Ans: 6cm
110
(b) The length of the side of the rectangular sheet of paper is 48cm. What is the
total number of squares that can fit along the length of the rectangular sheet
of paper?
𝟒𝟖
Ans :
𝟔
=8
QUESTION 3
Solve the simultaneous equations 5x – y = 15 and 3x – y = 5
5x – y = 15
3x – y = 5 y = 3x – 5
5x – ( 3x – 5 ) = 15
2x = 10
x=5
y = 3x – 5
y = 3 (3) – 5 ;y=9–5=4
Ans : x = 3 , y = 4
QUESTION 4
Express 0.125 as a fraction in its lowest term
0. 125 × 1000 = 125
125 1
=
1000 8
𝟏
Ans :
𝟖
QUESTION 5
111
(a) Express 32 in the form 2𝑝

Ans :25
(b) What is the value of x for which 22𝑥 = 32

2x = 5
x = 2.5
QUESTION 6
The diagram below shows the net of square based pyramid. The length of side of
the square base is 8cm.The perpendicular height of each triangular face is 15cm
Calculate
(a) The area of one triangular face
𝟏
×base × height
𝟐
𝟏
× 4cm × 15cm
𝟐
= 𝟑𝟎𝒄𝒎𝟐
𝟑𝟎𝒄𝒎𝟐 × 𝟐 = 60cm2
(b) The total area of the net

Area of square = 8cm × 8cm = 64cm2
Total area of net = 64cm2 + ( 60𝒄𝒎𝟐 ×4 ) = 304𝒄𝒎𝟐
QUESTION 7
The diagram below shows the circle with centre O. The length of the chord AB =
24cm. The perpendicular distance of the chord from the centre is 5cm.
112
Calculate the radius of the circle

Use Pythagorean Theorem
C2 = A2 + B2
C2 = 52 + 122
C2 = 25 + 144
C2 = 169
√𝐶 2 = √169
C = 13 cm
Therefore, the radius of the circle is 13cm
QUESTION 8
Molefe divides his training time into three activities: warm up, speed work and
technique in the ratio 1 : 3 : 4 respectively. He trains for 2 hours each of the 7 days
of the week.
(a)How many minutes will he spend on warm up in a day?
𝟏
×120 = 15 mins
𝟖
(b)What is the total time that will be used for speed work in the entire week? Give
your answer in hours and minutes
113
𝟑
× 𝟏𝟐𝟎 = 𝟒𝟓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒔
𝟖
45 × 7 = 315mins
Divide 315 mins by 60 mins to get answer in hours and minutes
Ans: 5 hours 15 mins
QUESTION 9
The distance – time graph below shows a journey by a bus from Letlhakane to
Maun. The bus had t stop on the way to change a wheel.
(a) How long did the bus travel before the wheel was changed? Give your
answer in hours and minutes
Ans: 1 hour 30 minutes
(b) The bus continued with the journey to Maun after the wheel was changed.
Calculate the average speed in km/h for this part of the journey
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 200
Ans: Speed = = = 80km/ h
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 2.5
114
QUESTION 10
The diagram below shows javelin field lines OA and OB. The throwing area of the
filed is shown by the sector OCD. The radius of sector OCD is 8m.
Scale 1cm to 10m
(a)Measure and write down the size of AOB

Ans:
(b)An athlete throws the javelin such that it lands equidistant from OA and OB.
Construct the locus of points that shows the possible places where the javelin
lands.
(c)Another athlete throws a javelin so that it lands 80m from the centre of the
throw line , CD. Construct the locus of points showing all possible positions where
the javelin may land.
115
QUESTION 11
The diagram below shows the cross section, shown shaded, of a mathematical
instrument. The length of the base of the instrument is 9cm and the height is
15cm.The base and the height of the instrument are right angles
(a)Calculate the area of the outer triangle

𝟏
Area of triangle = 𝒃𝒉
𝟐
1
× 9𝑐𝑚 × 15𝑐𝑚 = 𝟔𝟕. 𝟓𝒄𝒎𝟐
2
1
(b)The base and height of the inner triangle are each of the base and height of the
3
outer triangle.
116
Calculate
(i)the height of inner triangle
𝟏
Ans: × 𝟏𝟓𝒄𝒎 = 𝟓𝒄𝒎
𝟑
(ii)the area of the shaded part
1 1
( × 9 × 15 = 𝟔𝟕. 𝟓𝒄𝒎𝟐 ) – ( ×5cm ×3cm = 7.5cm2) = 60cm2
2 2
QUESTION 12
2𝑦+6−20
5𝑦+15
𝟐𝒚−𝟏𝟒
𝒂𝒏𝒔 ∶
𝟓𝒚+𝟏𝟓
QUESTION 13
(a) x = 1
117
2015 BGCSE MATHS PAPER 1

1. Chicken costs P19.40 per kg. Calculate the cost of 8kg of chicken.
Solution
P19. 40 × 8 = P155.20
2. A farmer has 560 cattle that were tested for foot and mouth disease. Of these,
90 % tested positive for the disease.
Calculate the number of cattle that were free of foot and mouth disease.
Solution
𝟗𝟎
× 𝟓𝟔𝟎 = 𝟓𝟎𝟒
𝟏𝟎𝟎
560 – 504 = 56
So, 56 cattle were free from Foot and Mouth Disease.
3. The distribution below shows the masses, in kg, at birth, of 9 babies.

3.6, 4.5, 3.3, 2.7, 3.9, 2.8, 4.4, 3.4.
Calculate
(a ) the median mass
Arrange the masses in ascending order
2.7, 2.8, 3.3, 3.4, 3.6, 3.9, 4.4, 4.5
3.4 and 3.6 are in the middle so add them and divide the result by 2.
𝟑.𝟒+𝟑.𝟔
= 3.5
𝟐
Median = 3.5 kg
(b) the mean mass of the babies
118
2.7 +2.8 +3.3 + 3.4 + 3.6+ 3.9 + 4.4+4.5

8
= 3. 575
= 3.6 kg
4. An urn contains 15 litres of tea. The tea is emptied into cups such that each cup
holds 125ml of tea.
Calculate the total number of cups that can be filled from the 15 litres of tea.
Solution
𝟏𝟓 𝟎𝟎𝟎
= 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟐𝟓
= 120 cups
5. A customer’s bank balance is in arrears of P545. The customer deposits P720

into the account to clear the arrears.
What is the customer’s new bank balance?
Solution
Note: by the balance being in arrears means the account has – P545. So, – P545 +
P720 = P175
Ans : P175.00
6. The number of participants and sports officials at a field is 1575. The ratio of
number of officials to participants is 1 : 34.
Calculate the number of officials at the sports field
Solution
1
× 1575 = 45
35
Ans: 45 sports officials
119
7. The diagram below shows a plot, ABCD, in the form of trapezium. The plot is
such that AB = 35m, BC= 30m and CD = 40m.
(a)Calculate the area of the plot

𝟏
Area of Trapezium = (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒉
𝟐
𝟏
(𝟒𝟎𝒎 + 𝟑𝟓𝒎)𝟑𝟎𝒎
𝟐
𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟎
= 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒎𝟐
𝟐
(b)The plot is sold such that each square metre costs P80.
Calculate the total cost of the plot.
1125𝒎𝟐 × P80.00
= P90 000
8. On the axis provided, draw the graph of y = x + 1 for – 4 ≤ x ≤ 4
120
(a)Show, by shading the unwanted region, the set of points satisfying the inequality
y≥ x+1
𝑛(𝑛−3)
9. The number of diagonals of a polygon is given by , where n is the
2
number of sides of the polygon.
Calculate the number of diagonals of a polygon that has 11 sides.
Solution
𝒏(𝒏−𝟑)
𝟐
𝟏𝟏(𝟏𝟏−𝟑)
𝟐
𝟏𝟏(𝟖)
= 44 diagonals
𝟐
10. A 250g packet of phane costs Px. Mpho buys 5 packets of phane.
121
(a)Express, in terms of x, the total amount of money needed to buy the 5 packets.
Solution
5x
(b)The total amount of money needed by Mpho for the 5 packets of phane is
P22.50
(i)Form an equation, in terms of x, to represent this information
5x = P22.50
(ii)Solve the equation in (b)(ii)
𝟓𝒙 𝟐𝟐.𝟓𝟎
=
𝟓 𝟓
x = P4.50
(iii)hence or otherwise find the cost of 2 packets of phane
P4.50 × 2 = P9.00
11. The diagrams below show an arrangement of chairs around one table, two
tables and three tables forming the beginning of a sequence from the first term
to the third term.
(a)How many chairs will be needed in diagram 4?

Ans: 10 chairs
(b)Write down an expression, in terms of n, for the number of chairs in diagram n
Ans: 2n + 2
(c)How many tables are needed for 84 chairs?
2n + 2 = 84
122
2n = 82
n = 41 tables
12.The diagram below shows kites A and B
(a)Describe fully the transformation that maps kite A onto kite B

Ans :
123
Question 13
Answers
(a) (2 ,– 8)
𝟎
(b)
−𝟑
(c) 𝑴𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆 = √( (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + ( 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐 )
= √( (𝟐 − −𝟑 )𝟐 + ( −𝟖 − 𝟒)𝟐 )
= √ (𝟐𝟓 + 𝟏𝟒𝟒)
= √𝟏𝟔𝟗 = 13
Ans: 13
124
Question 14
Answers
(a) From 0635 to 0700 is 25 minutes, from 0700 to 0800hrs is 60 minutes. So,
in total it is 25 minutes plus 60 minutes which is 85 minutes
(b) 0905 plus 1hour 35 mins gives 1040hrs
Question 15
The diagram below shows two similar triangles ACD and ABE. AE = 10cm , EB =
4cm and DC = 9cm. DC and EB are parallel
125
Calculate the length of AD

Answer
9:4
x : 10
4x = 90
x = 22.5cm
So, AD = 22.5cm
Question 16
The scatter graph below shows the relationship of marks scored on two courses, A
and B
126
(a)Describe the correlation between the marks of Course A and those of Course B.
Ans: positive correlation
(b)On the same graph, draw the line of best fit for the marks of two courses.
BGCSE MATHS 2015 PAPER 2

Question one
Gorata uses part of her monthly allowance to pay rent and buy groceries. She paid
P2140 as rent. After paying rent, she had P6420 left
(a)Calculate her monthly allowance
Ans: x – P2140 = P6420
x =P2140 + P6420
x = P8560
monthly allowance = P8560
1
(b)Gorata uses of her monthly allowance to buy groceries. Calculate the amount
5
of money she used for groceries
𝟏
× 𝑷𝟖𝟓𝟔𝟎 = 𝑷𝟏𝟕𝟏𝟐
𝟓
= P1712
(c)Express the total amount of money she used for rent and groceries as a fraction
in its lowest term, of her monthly allowance.
P1712 + P2140 = P3852
3852
8560
𝟏𝟕𝟗𝟏
=
𝟒𝟐𝟖𝟎
127
Question two
The total area of a country is 112 622 square kilometres. The population density of
the country is 76 people per square kilometre.
Calculate an estimate for the total number of people in the country. Give your
answer correct to 2 significant figures.
Answer
76 : 1
x : 112 622
x = 8 559 272
final answer = 8 600 000
Question three
An isosceles triangle is such that AC = BC and has vertices A(3, 4), B(7, 4) and
C(5,8)
(a)Calculate the length of AC
Hint: you can sketch an isosceles triangle for easy reference. Note that an isosceles
triangle has 2 of its sides equal
So, to find length of AC we adopt the concept of magnitude of a straight line
Magnitude = √ ((𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + ( 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 ) 𝟐 )
= √ ((𝟑 − 𝟓 )𝟐 + ( 𝟒 − 𝟖 ) 𝟐 )
= √ (𝟒 + 𝟏𝟔)
=√ 𝟐𝟎
= 4.472135955
= 4.47 units
128
(b)The line of symmetry of the triangle meets line AB at M.

What are the coordinates of M?
Answer
Hint : use midpoint formula
𝒙𝟏 +𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 +𝒚𝟐
Formula = ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑+𝟕 𝟒+𝟒
=( , )
𝟐 𝟐
Ans= ( 5, 4)
Question four
The pie chart below shows the number of vehicles in one year by a dealer. The
types of vehicles sold are sedan, minibus and pickup. The total number of vehicles
sold is 496
Calculate the number of minibuses sold in one year by the dealer

Answer
𝟗𝟎
× 𝟒𝟗𝟔 =
𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝟏
× 𝟒𝟗𝟔 = 𝟏𝟐𝟒 minibuses
𝟒
Question five
6 5
Express + as a single fraction
𝑥 𝑥−3
129
𝟔𝒙−𝟏𝟖+𝟓𝒙
=
𝒙(𝒙−𝟑)
𝟏𝟏𝒙−𝟏𝟖
=
𝒙(𝒙−𝟑)
Question six
The table below shows the number of candidates who obtained grades A, B, C and
D in national examination. The total number of candidates was 38 388
(a)Which grade was obtained by most candidates?

Ans: Grade C
(b)The candidates who obtained either grades A or B were all admitted at a
college. Calculate, as a percentage, the number of candidates who were admitted at
the college.
Answer
15 042 + 595 = 15 637
15 637
× 100% = 40.7340835678
38 388
= 40.7%
Question seven
8.33−3.75
Calculate the value of √
2.65−1.35
130
4.58
= √
1.30
= √𝟑. 𝟓𝟐𝟑𝟎𝟕𝟔𝟗𝟐𝟑𝟏
=1.8769861276
= 1.88
Question eight
Solve the pair of simultaneous equations x – 4y = 23 and y = 2x + 3
Answer
y = 2x + 3 y = 2x + 3
x – 4 (2x +3) = 23 y = 2( – 5 ) + 3
x – 8x – 12 = 23 y=–7
– 7x = 35
x=–5
x = – 5 and y = – 7
Question nine
The diagram below shows the speed – time graph of a car starting from rest
131
The car covered a total distance of 150m in the first 25 seconds.

(a)Show that the value of p is 12m/s
Distance = area under the graph, so calculate area of that triangle for the first
25 seconds
𝟏 𝟏
bh = × 25 × h = 150m
𝟐 𝟐
12.5h = 150m
h = 12m/s
(b)Calculate
(i)the acceleration, in m/s2 , of the car during the first 25 seconds
Acceleration is given by the slope of the graph , so we calculate the change in y
with respect to change in x
𝟏𝟐−𝟎
= 0.48m/s2
𝟐𝟓−𝟎
(ii)the total distance covered by the car in 125 seconds

𝟏
150m + (12 × 50 ) + ( × 12 × 50 )
𝟐
= 150m + 600m + 300m

= 1050m
Question Ten
Three power stations K, L and M are such that K is 60km due north of L. M is on a
bearing of 130° from K and 070° from L.
(a)Using a scale of 1cm to represent 10km, construct a scale diagram showing
positions of the other two power stations. The position of the Power station L is
marked below
132
*L
(b)Measure and write down the actual distance of the power station M from the
power station K
(c)What is the bearing of L from M?
Question Eleven
A company has 6 employees. The salaries of 5 of the employees are P2200,
P1300, P800, P940 and P560. When the 6th employee is included the total monthly
salaries of the employees becomes P7000.
(a)Calculate the salary of the 6th employee
P2200 + P1300 + P800 + P940 + P560 + x = P7000
x = P7000 – P5800
x = P1200 , that is the salary of the 6th employee
133
(b)The company is joined by 2 more employees whose salaries are of equal

amounts. The mean salary of all the 8 employees is P1100. Calculate the monthly
salary of each of the new employees
𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎+𝟐𝒙
= 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟖
7000 + 2x = P8800
2x = 1800
x = P900
therefore, each employee earns P900 monthly
Question Twelve
A cuboid has a length of 25cm, a width of 5cm and a height of (x – 2 ) cm.
(a)Write an expression, in terms of x, for the volume of the cuboid.

Volume of cuboid = l × w × h
So, the expression will be 25cm × 5cm ×(x – 2 ) cm
(b)The volume of the cuboid is 750cm3

(i)Form an equation, in terms of x, to represent this information
25cm × 5cm ×(x – 2 ) cm = 750cm3
(ii)Solve the equation in (b)(i)

25cm × 5cm ×(x – 2 ) cm = 750cm3
125x – 250 = 750
125x = 1000
x=8
134
(c)hence or otherwise, calculate the height of cuboid

so, height is 8 – 2 = 6cm
Question thirteen
The point ( 2, – 1) lies on the straight line 3y = x + d
(a)Calculate the value of d
3(– 1 ) = 2 + d
–3+2=d
d=–1
(b)Another straight line passes through the point (0, 5) and through the point ( 3,–
4). What is the equation of the line?
General equation = y – y1 = m( x – x1)
𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 𝟓−−𝟒 𝟗
m= m= =
𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 𝟏 𝟎−𝟑 −𝟑
m=–3
y – 5 = – 3 ( x – 0)
y = – 3x +5 is the equation of the line
Question Fourteen
The diagram below shows triangle A. Draw the image of triangle A under an
enlargement of scale factor – 2 with centre (0, 0)
135
Question fifteen
The diagram below shows triangle DEF such that DE = 50mm, EF = 65mm and
the size of EĎF = 47. 2°
(a)Show that the size of D𝐹̂ E = 34.4°, correct to one decimal place
Use Sine rule
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩
=
𝒂 𝒃
136
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒𝟕.𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩

=
𝟔𝟓 𝟓𝟎
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩
= 0.011288151
𝟓𝟎
sin B = 0.564407588
𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 (𝟎. 𝟓𝟔𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟕𝟓𝟖𝟖) = 34.36116328
= 34.4° , hence shown
(b)Calculate the area of triangle D𝐸̂ F

𝟏
Area = absinC
𝟐
𝟏
Area = × 50mm × 65 mm ×sin 98.4°
𝟐
= 1607.567541
= 1607.6mm2
Question 16
In the diagram below, the point P, Q and R lie on the circumference of a circle,
centre O. The radius of a circle is 5.2cm. The size of O𝑅̂Q = 36°
137
Calculate
(a)the size of O𝑃̂Q
180° – ( 90° + 36°)
180° – 126° = 54°
̂ Q = 54°
O𝑷
(b)the length of the line segment PQ
Use sine rule
𝒂 𝒃
=
𝟏𝟎.𝟒 𝒙
=
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟗𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟔
x = 6.112966624
x = 6.11cm
Question 17
The diagram below shows a solid hemispherical wooden artefact of radius 5cm
(a)Calculate the volume of the artefact

𝟒
Volume of sphere = 𝝅𝒓𝟑
𝟑
𝟏 𝟒
So, since this is a hemisphere, the formula will be ( 𝝅𝒓𝟑 )
𝟐 𝟑
𝟏 𝟒
= ( 𝝅(5)3)
𝟐 𝟑
138
= 261. 8cm3
(b)The entire surface of the artefact is to be covered with clear varnish.

Calculate the total surface area to be covered with clear varnish.
Area of sphere = 4𝝅𝒓𝟐
𝟏
Again, this is a hemisphere, so we have (4𝝅𝒓𝟐 )
𝟐
𝟏
= (4𝝅(𝟓)𝟐 )
𝟐
= 157.08cm2
Question 18
The cumulative frequency curve below represents the distribution of the marks of
200 students.
139
Use the curve to estimate

(i)the median mark
(ii)the number of students who obtained at least 60 marks
(b)What is the probability that a student chosen at random obtained at least 60

marks?
BGCSE MATHEMATICS PAPER 2: 2016
Question 1
Tshepho had P80 to spend. He spent P20 on video games, P30 on comic books and
P5.00 on candy.
Express, as a ratio in its simplest terms, the total amount of money spent to the
amount of money left.
P80 – P55 = P25
𝟓𝟓 𝟏𝟏
=
𝟐𝟓 𝟓
𝟏𝟏
Ans :
𝟓
Question 2
A memory card used to store photographic images has 128 units of storage
capacity. A total of 36 images are stored on the memory card and 54 units of
storage capacity remain.
140
(a)Calculate the average amount of storage capacity used for each image
128 – 54 = 74
𝟕𝟒
= 2.0555555555
𝟑𝟔
Ans : 2.05 units

(b)The cost of processing the 36 images into photographs is P156.60. A discount of
5% is given on the cost of processing the images.
Calculate the actual cost of processing all the images
95 % : 156.60
100% : x
95x = 15660
x = P164.84
Ans: P164.84
Question 3
The number of people, to the nearest ten, in a village is 46 960.
(a)Write down the upper bound of the number of people in the village
Ans : 46 964
(b)Write down the number of people in the village in standard form, correct to two
significant figures.
4.6960 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒
Question 4
Thato drove 320km from Molapo to Karaga. She started off at 0800 and drove
200km in 2 hours. She stopped for 30 minutes and then drove the remaining
120km in 1 hour.
(a)Calculate the average speed for the entire journey
141
(b)Draw a distance – time graph to represent Thato’s journey on the pair of axes
provided below.
Question 5
√ 2 3
(−16) −4 (−7)
Calculate the value of
2 –
4
= 141. 25
Question 6
The diagram below shows the points A and B on the circumference of a circle,
centre O. The chord AB = 14cm and the size of O𝐴̂B = 32°
142
Calculate
(a)the radius of the circle
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑲 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑺
=
𝒌 𝒌
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟏𝟔 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟐
=
𝟏𝟒 𝒙
= sin 116° x = sin32° × 14

x = 8.254248824
radius = 8.25cm
(b)the shortest distance of the chord AB from the centre of the circle
Use Pythagoras rule
C2 = A2 + B2
(8.25)2 = 72 + B2
B2 = 19.0625 B = 4.366062299
B = 4.37cm
Question 7
A customer had P3000 to exchange to Euros. The exchange rate between the pula
and the Euro was P1 to €0.08456
How much in Euros, was P3000 worth?
1 : 0.8456
3000 : x
x = €2536 .80
143
Question 8
(a)Solve the inequality 4x + 15 > 6x + 2
4x – 6x > 2 – 15
– 2x > – 13
x < 6.5 (the symbol changes as you were dividing by a negative number)
(b)Write down the prime numbers which satisfy the inequality 4x + 15 > 6x +2
3, 5
Question 9
The points S(2, 1) and U(x, y) are two vertices of the square STUV. The point R(4,
3) is the midpoint of SU.
(a)What are the coordinates of the vertex U?
𝒙𝟏 +𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 +𝒚𝟐
Formula for midpoint = ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
𝒙𝟏 +𝟐 𝒚𝟏 +𝟏
=𝟒 =𝟑
𝟐 𝟐
So 𝒙𝟏 = 𝟔 𝒚𝟐 = 5
(b)The coordinates of the vertex T are (6, 1)
Calculate the length of a side of the square
Formula for distance = √ (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐
= √ (𝟐 − 𝟔)𝟐 + (𝟏 − 𝟏)𝟐
= 4 units
Question 10
The diagram below shows a triangle KLM. KL = 90m, LM= 61m and the size of
K𝑀̂ L = 82.3°
144
̂L
Calculate the size of M𝐾
=
𝒂 𝒃
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟖𝟐.𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩
=
𝟗𝟎 𝟔𝟏
𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 (𝟎. 𝟔𝟕𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟑𝟗) = 𝑩

= 42.2°
Question 11
The diagram below shows triangle H and a line t.
On the same diagram, draw the image of triangle H after a reflection.
Question 12
145
The capacity of a fuel tank of a car is 55 litres. The cost of fuel is P9.60 per litre.
Calculate the cost of filling up the tank when it is completely empty.
P9.60 × 55
= P528.00
(b)The rate of fuel consumption of the car is 7.4 litres per 100km. Calculate the
maximum possible distance, in km, that the car could cover on one full tank of
petrol.
7. 4 : 100
55 : x
7.4 x = 5500
x = 743.2432432
x = 743.24 km
(c)The cost of fuel is increased from P9.60 per litre to P9.70 per litre. Calculate the
percentage increase
P9.70 – P9.60 = P0.10
𝟎.𝟏
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝟗.𝟔𝟎
= 1.041666667
= 1.04%
Question 13
The results of an election show that Maatla got 210 votes, Thato 84 votes and
Motheo 56 votes. The total number of votes is 350.
(a)The information is to be presented in a pie chart.
Calculate the angle of the sector representing the number of votes that Thato got.
𝟖𝟒
× 𝟑𝟔𝟎° = 𝟖𝟔. 𝟒°
𝟑𝟓𝟎
(b)Calculate as a percentage the number of votes that Maatla got.

𝟐𝟏𝟎
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎% = 𝟔𝟎%
𝟑𝟓𝟎
146
Question 14
The diagram below shows a sector of a circle of radius 15cm. The sector angle is
200°.
Calculate
(a)the length of arc,
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆
Formula = × 𝝅 𝒓𝟐
𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝟐𝟎𝟎
= × 𝝅 𝟏𝟓𝟐
𝟑𝟔𝟎
= 39.26990817
39.3 cm
(b)the perimeter of the sector
15cm + 15cm + 39.3cm
=69.3cm
Question 17
The table below shows some values of x and the corresponding values of y for the
equation of y = x2 – 6x +8
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 8 3 0 –1 0 3 8
(a)What is the minimum value of y?
147
(b)On the pair of axes provided below, draw the graph of y = x2 – 6x +8 for 0 ≤ x ≤
6
(c)On the same pair of axes, draw the graph of y = x – 1
(d)Use the graphs in (b) and in (c) to estimate the values of x that satisfy the
equations of y = x2 – 6x + 8 and y = x – 1
148
x = 1.7 and x = 5.3

Question 18
The diagram below shows a tetrahedron made of aluminium. The length of the
edge is 5cm and the vertical height is 4.08cm
(a)Show that the area of the base is 10.8cm2 , correct to three significant figures
1
(b)Volume of a tetrahedron = base area × height .
3
Calculate the volume of the tetrahedron
(c)The density of aluminium is 2.7g/cm3

Calculate the mass of the tetrahedron
2016 PAPER 1
Question 1
The length of a rope is 148m. A number of pieces of rope, each of length 9m, are
to be cut off from the rope.
(a)How many pieces of the rope will be cut off?
149
148
= 16.4444444
9
16 pieces
(b)What will be the length of the remaining piece of rope?

Remaining piece is
9m × 16 = 144m
So remaining piece is 148 – 144 = 4m
Ans: 4m
Question 2
An employee worked from 1430hrs to 2230hrs.
(a)How many hours did the employee work?
Ans: 8 hours
(b)The employee earns P67.50 per hour. Calculate the amount of money that the
employee earned in that period.
P67.50 × 8
= P540
Question 3
A car covers a distance of 231km in 2 hours 45 minutes.
Calculate the average speed, in km/h, of the car
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
Speed = 2 hours 45 mins = 2.75 hours
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
𝟐𝟑𝟏
Speed = = 84km/h
𝟐.𝟕𝟓
Question 4
Solve the simultaneous equations 2x + y =9 and x + 3y = 7
150
x = 7 – 3y x = 7 – 3(1)
2(7 – 3y ) + y = 9 x=4
14 – 6y + y = 9
– 5y = 9 – 14
y=1
Question 5
The first four terms of a sequence are 19, 13, 7 and 1
Write down
(a)the 5th term
–5
(b)an expression for the nth term of the sequence
n–6
Question 6
The diagram below shows a parallelogram DEFG. The size of D𝐸̂ F = 115°. The
line GH is an extension of the line FG.
Calculate the size of

̂E
(a)G𝐷
̂ E = 𝐷𝐸̂ F
G𝐷
̂ F = 115°
So, D𝑬
(b)D𝐺̂ H
151
180° – 115° = 65°

Question 7
2
(a)On the pair of axes below, draw the graph of y = 𝑥 − 1 for values of x from
3
– 3 to 3.
(b)Show, by shading the unwanted region, the set of points that satisfy the
2
inequality y ≥ 𝑥 − 1
3
Question 8
A rectangular plot measures 9m by 12m
(a)Calculate the area of the plot
Area = l × w
Area = 12m × 9m
Area = 108m2
(b)A bag of fertilizer is enough for an area of 36𝑚2 . Calculate the number of bags
of fertilizer that are needed for the plot.
152
𝟏𝟎𝟖
=𝟑
𝟑𝟔
3 bags
Question 9
Write down all the triangle number between 20 and 30
21, 28
Question 10
The diagram below shows a door wedge with a triangular cross section. The cross
section has a base of 9.5cm and a height of 2cm. The length of the wedge is
represented by rcm. The volume of the wedge is 23.75cm3
Calculate the length, r, of the wedge

Volume = Area of cross section × Length
𝟏
23.75cm3 = 𝒃𝒉 × r
𝟐
23.75cm3 = 9.5r
r = 2.5cm
Question 11
𝑥 𝑥−5
(a)Express − as a single fraction
3 4
𝟒𝒙−𝟑𝒙+𝟏𝟓
𝟏𝟐
𝒙+𝟏𝟓
Ans :
𝟏𝟐
(b)Calculate the value of 7 + 2x – 𝑥 2 when x = – 5
153
7 + 2(– 5 ) – ( – 5 )2
= – 28
Question 12
The table below shows distances, d metres, covered by each of the 30 athletes in a
long jump competition.
Distance , Number of
d (metres ) athletes
6.2 ≤ d ≤ 6.4 2
6.4 ≤ d ≤ 6.6 12
6.6 ≤ d ≤ 6.8 10
6.6 ≤ d ≤ 7.0 5
7.0 ≤ d ≤ 7.2 1
(a)What is the modal class of the distribution?

6.4 ≤ d ≤ 6.6
(b)An athlete is chosen at random for some tests.
What is the probability, in lowest terms, that the athlete would have covered less
than 6.8m?
𝟏𝟒 𝟕
=
𝟑𝟎 𝟏𝟓
Question 13
The scale of a map is 1 : 2 000 000. The distance between the two villages is
400km.
(a)Express 400km in centimetres
1 km = 100 000 cm
400km =400 × 100 000cm
= 40 000 000cm
154
(b)Calculate the distance on the map between the points representing the villages.
Express your answer in cm.
1 : 2 000 000
x : 40 000 000
2 000 000x = 40 000 000
x = 20cm
Ans: 20cm
Question 14
The diagram below shows the points A, B and C on the ground. AB = BC and the
size of BCA = 38°. The bearing of B from C is 086°.
Calculate
(a)the size of A𝐵̂C
= 38°
(b)the bearing of C from B
180° – 86° = 94°
360° – 94°
= 266°
155
Question 15
The diagram below shows a regular polygon
(a)What is the geometrical name of the polygon?

Ans: Nonagon
(b)Calculate the size of each interior angle of the polygon. Show your working
180 × (n – 2 )
180× (7) = 1260
𝟏𝟐𝟔𝟎
= 𝟏𝟒𝟎°
𝟗
= Each angle is 140°
Question 16
The diagram below shows triangle T
156
Draw the image of triangle T after a translation using vector 4

-5
Question 17
-8
The points O and Q are on a plane. O is the origin and → = 6
𝑂𝑄
(a)What are the coordinates of the point Q?
(b)Calculate the magnitude of →

𝑂𝑄
2018 PAPER 1
Question 1
The cost of 1 litre of petrol is P7.45. Calculate the cost of 50 litres of petrol
Answer
P7.45 × 50
= P372.50
Question 2
A bus left Gaborone at 10: 15 am and arrived in Francistown at 3: 05 pm.
(a)Express 3: 05 pm in 24 hour clock notation
157
Ans : 1505hrs
(b)How long, in hours and minutes, did the bus take to arrive in Francistown?
Ans : 4 hours 50 minutes
Question 3
Solve the inequality 2x – 3 ≥ 5
2x ≥ 8
x≥4
Question 4
The size of an exterior angle of a regular polygon is 30°
Calculate the
(a)number of sides of the polygon
𝟑𝟔𝟎
= 𝟏𝟐 * Every regular polygon has a total sum of exterior angles of 360°
𝟑𝟎
Ans: 12
(b)size of each interior angle
180 × ( n – 2 )
180× 10 = 1800°
𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
= 𝟏𝟓𝟎°
𝟏𝟐
Question 5
The exchange rate of Pula to Rand was P1 = R1.25
How much in Rand was P500 worth?
Answer
1 : 1.25
500 : x
158
x = P625.00
Question 6
Make Q the subject of the formula P = 3√𝑄

𝑝
= √𝑄
3
𝑷𝟐
Q=( )
𝟗
Question 7
A school has 275 male students and 425 female students.
(a)How many students are there altogether in the school?
275 + 425 = 700
(b)The ratio of the number of students to the number of teachers in the school is 25
:1
How many teachers are there in the school?
25 : 1
700 : x
25x = 700
x = 28
Question 8
4𝑚 2𝑚
Solve the equation − =1
5 3
𝟏𝟐𝒎−𝟏𝟎𝒎
=1
𝟏𝟓
2m = 15
m = 7.5
Question 9
A cast iron rod is 35cm long and has a cross sectional area of 20𝑐𝑚2
159
(a)Calculate the volume, in 𝑐𝑚3 , of the rod.

Volume = Area of cross section × length
Volume = 20cm2 × 35cm
Volume = 700cm3
(b)The rod has a mass of 4200g. Calculate the density, in g/cm3 , of the rod
Density = mass / volume
Density = 4200g / 700cm3
= 6g / cm3
Question 10
The diagram below shows the positions of three villages: Makhubu, Mabe and
Letlhare. Mabe is 12km due South of Letlhare and 5km due East of Makhubu.
Calculate the distance between Makhubu and Letlhare

Use Pythagoras rule
C 2 = A 2 + B2
C2 = 122 + 52
C2 = 169
160
C = 13 km
Ans: 13km
Question 11
A line has a gradient of – 6 and passes through the point (2,3)
What is the equation of the line?
y – 𝑦1 = m( x – 𝑥1 )
y–3= –6(x–2)
y = – 6x + 12 + 3
y = – 6x + 15
Question 12
The number of goals scored in 25 football matches is shown in the table below
Number of goals 1 2 3
Number of matches 7 10 8
Calculate the mean number of goals scored in 25 football matches

Mean = Total number of goals / total frequency(number of matches)
Mean = ( (1 × 7 + 2 × 10 + 3 × 8 )) / 25
Mean = 2.04 goals
Question 13
The bar chart below shows the monthly salaries, in Pula, earned by employees in a
company
161
(a)Which salary is earned by most employees?

Ans: P1500
(b)Calculate
(i)the total number of employees in the company
= 24
(ii)the total amount of money, in Pula, the company pays all its employees in a
month
( P800 × 2 + P1000 × 8 + P1500 × 10 + P2000 × 4 )
= P32 600
Question 14
(a)Express 441 as a product of its prime factors
441 = 72 × 32
(b)Hence or otherwise evaluate √441

=7×3
= 21
162
Question 15
The diagram below represents a rectangular garden ABCD of length 7m and width
4m. The garden has two equal semi – circular flower beds, each of area 6.3m2 . The
shaded area of the garden is planted with lawn
Calculate
(a)the total area of the flower beds
6.3m2 + 6.3m2
= 12.6m2
(b)the area of the garden planted with lawn

( 7m × 4m ) – 12.6m2
28m2 – 12.6m2
=15.4 m2
Question 16( Refer to previous questions)

The coordinate of point G are (1, 2) and the coordinates of point H are (7, – 6)
Calculate
163
(a)the coordinates of the midpoint of the line segment GH
(b)the length of the line segment GH
Question 17 (Refer to previous questions)

Solve simultaneously the equations 9a + 3b = 24 and a – 3b = – 14
Question 18
The diagram below shows kites PQRS and P1 Q1 R1S1
Describe fully the single transformation that maps kite PQRS onto Kite P1 Q1 R1S1
Ans: Reflection , line of reflection being x = 1
164
2018 PAPER 2 (Refer to previous questions)

Question 1
A bottle of drink is sold P4.85. A refund of 25 thebe is offered for returning the
empty bottle.
(a)Express the refund for an empty bottle as a percentage of the cost of the bottle
of drink
(b)A customer buys 24 bottles of drink. How much does the customer pay for the
24 bottles of drink?
(c)The customer returns 15 empty bottles of drink. Calculate the refund, in Pula,
for returning the empty bottles

The table below shows the ages, in years, of used cars of the same make and
model, and their market prices, in thousand Pula.
Age of car(years) 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
Market price (thousand 138 126 120 110 98 70 86 60

pula )
(a)Plot the scatter graph of the ages of the cars against their market price on the
pair of axes below
165
(b)State the type of correlation between the ages of the cars and their market prices

The diagram below represents a region, OTU, covered by a windscreen wiper, OT.
The wiper rotates about O and moves from T to U. The arc, TU, has a length of
151cm and OT = 78.7cm
166
Calculate the size of angle TOU through which the wiper rotates
Question 4
A tipper truck with capacity of 7.5m3 is used to move 48.5m3 of river sand from
one site to the other.
(a)What is the maximum number of full loads that the truck would have to carry, to
move the 48.5m3 of river sand?
48.5 7
=6
7.5 15
Ans: 6 loads
(b)Calculate the amount of sand, in m3, that the truck will carry that is not a full
load
7.5m3 × 6 = 45m3
48.5m3 – 45m3 = 3.5m3
Ans : 3.5m3
Question 5
The graph below shows the cost of living per month in a particular year.
167
(a)In which month was the cost of living the lowest?

September
(b)What happened to the cost of living between the months of July and September?
It went down
(c)What was the cost of living in May?
P122.50
Question 6
The diagram below shows a rhombus, DEFG. FG = 5cm and DF= 8cm
(a)Calculate the size of D𝐹̂ G

Make a mark from G to the centre of line FD to obtain a right angled triangle like
the one below
168
The line from G to the centre of FD, call it GH

GH = 52 – 42
GH = 25 – 16 = 9
GH = 3
To find the given angle use Sine rule
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩
=
𝒂 𝒃
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟗𝟎 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑩
=
𝟓 𝟑
𝟑
sin B =
𝟓
𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 (𝟎. 𝟔) = 36.86989765

̂ G = 36.9°
D𝑭
(b)The length of diagonal EG

3 × 2 = 6cm
Question 7 ( Refer to previous questions)

(a)Factorize completely 2𝑝2 − 4𝑝𝑚 − 𝑝𝑛 + 2𝑚𝑛
3 2𝑡−1
(b)Express − as a single fraction
5 4
169
Question 8
Gorata’s taxable income, I, is the sum of her annual employment income and
annual rental income. She has an annual employment income of P142 975 and a
monthly rental income of P2500.
Calculate Gorata’s
(a) (i) annual rental income
P2500 × 12 = P30 000
(ii)taxable income
P142 975 + P30 000 = P172 975
(b)The table below shows taxable income, I, and tax payable (T) at the end
of a tax year.
Taxable income (I) Tax payable (T)
0 < I ≤ 36 000 0
36 000 < I ≤ 72 000 0 + 5% of excess of P36 000
72 000 < I ≤ 108 000 1800 + 12.5% of excess of P72 000
108 000 < I ≤ 144 000 6300 + 18.75% of excess of P108 000
I ≥ 144 000 13 050 + 25% of excess of P144 000
Calculate the tax payable by Gorata’s on her taxable income at the end of the tax
year.
P172 975 – P144 000 = P28 975
𝟐𝟓
P13 050 + ( × 𝑷𝟐𝟖 𝟗𝟕𝟓 )
𝟏𝟎𝟎
P13 050 + P7243. 75

Ans: P20 293.75
170
Question 9
The diagram below shows triangle LMN and triangle LPQ. Triangle LPQ is an
image of triangle LMN under an enlargement, centre L. MN = 2.4cm , LM =
4.4cm and PQ = 7.2cm
(a)What is the scale factor of the enlargement?

𝟕.𝟐
=𝟑
𝟐.𝟒
Ans: 3
(b)Calculate the length of side LP
4.4 ×3 = 13.2cm
Question 10
Tlotlo’s school is 9km away from home. One morning he walked a distance of x
km and ran the rest of the distance to school.
(a)Tlotlo walked at an average speed of 6km/ h
Form an expression, in terms of x , for the time he took to walk
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 =
𝒙
time =
𝟔𝒌𝒎/𝒉
171
(b)He ran at an average speed of 15km/h for the rest of the distance.
Form an expression, in terms of x, for
(i)the distance he ran to school
(9 – x) m
(ii)the time he took to run to school
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 =
𝟗−𝒙
time =
𝟏𝟓𝒌𝒎/𝒉
(c)The total time Tlotlo took to walk and run from home to school is 1 hour 15
minutes.
Form an equation in x to represent this information and show that it reduces to
2x = 13
𝒙 𝟗−𝒙
+ = 1.25
𝟔 𝟏𝟓
𝟓𝒙 𝟏𝟖−𝟐𝒙 𝟑𝟕.𝟓
+ =
𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎
3x = 19.5 divide both sides by 1.5

2x = 13
(d)Solve the equation in part (c)

2x = 13
x = 6.5
Question 11
172
The diagram below shows a cross section, ABCOD, of part of a necklace. The
cross – section is made up of two semi – circular arcs ABC and ADO, and a line
segment OC of length 2.5cm. OC is the radius of the semi – circle ABC
(a)Calculate the length of semi – circular arc ADO

𝟏𝟖𝟎
× 𝝅(1.25cm) 2 1.25 is the radius of ADO. It is half of radius of
𝟑𝟔𝟎
ABC
= 2.45cm
(b)The entire edge of the part of the necklace is to be covered with a strip of suede.
Calculate the minimum length of the strip of suede required to cover the entire
edge
𝟏𝟖𝟎
× 𝝅(2.5cm) 2 for arc ABC
𝟑𝟔𝟎
= 9.82cm
Entire edge to be covered will be 9.82cm + 2.45cm + 2.5cm =14.8cm
173
Question 12
The diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD, with a diagonal, BD. AB is
parallel to CD. The size of D𝐴̂B = 135° and the size of A𝐵̂𝐷 = 30°. AB = 6.84cm
̂B
(a)State, with a reason, the size of C𝐷
̂A
30°, it is alternate to angle D𝑩
̂B
(b)Calculate the size of A𝐷
180° – ( 135° + 30°)
= 15°
(c)Calculate the length of BD ( REFER TO PREVIOUS QUESTIONS)
Question 13
Electricity consumption of an appliance is the number of watts of the appliance
multiplied by the number of hours the appliance is in use. The electricity
consumption of the appliance is given in kilowatt hours, kWh.
174
5
(a)A 2.2 kilowatts washing machine takes 1 hours to complete a medium load of
6
laundry.
Calculate the electricity consumption of the washing machine for completing 5
medium loads of laundry.
𝟓 𝟏
𝟏 × 5 = 𝟗 hours
𝟔 𝟔
𝟏 𝟏
2.2 × 𝟗 = 20 Kwh
𝟔 𝟔
(b)The cost of electricity is made up of a fixed charge of P21.98 and an electricity

consumption charge. One kilowatt hour of electricity is charged P0.8025.
Calculate the cost of electricity used by the washing machine to complete the 5
medium loads of laundry.
𝟏
20 Kwh × 0.8025 = P16.18
𝟔
P16.18 + P21.98 = P38.16
Question 14 ( refer to previous questions)

The diagram below shows a cross – section of a semi – circular water tank with
centre O and radius 125cm. The shaded segment represents water in the tank and
AB is the level of the water. AB = 175cm
(a)What is the geometrical name of the line segment AB?
175
(b)Calculate
(i)the shortest distance between the level of water and the centre O
(ii)the maximum depth of water in the tank
Question 15 (refer to previous questions)

A class of 14 boys and 16 girls sat for a quiz. The mean score for the boys was
59.5 and the sum of scores for the girls was 972.
(a)What is the sum of scores obtained by 14 boys?
(b)Calculate the mean score of the class
Question 16
Kaone left home at 0900 and walked for 30 minutes to a library which is 2.5km
away. She stayed at the library for 90 minutes. She walked back home and arrived
at 1145.
(a)How long, in minutes, did Kaone take on the journey back from the library to
home?
176
(b)Draw a distance – time graph to represent this information on the axis provided
below
2009 PAPER 1
Question 1
A garbage collection company used to charge P2.50 per week. The charge is now
increased to P10 per week.
(a)By how much money has the charge been increased?
(b)Calculate the percentage increase in the charge.
Question 2
A power company announced that the power was going to be cut from 8am to
5.45pm.
(a)Write down 5.45pm in 24 – hour clock notation
(b)For how long, in hours and minutes, was the power going to be cut?
177
Question 3
To make 20 litres of ginger drink, 150g of powdered ginger is used. How much
powdered ginger, in grams, is required to make 160 litres of the drink?
Question 4
An isosceles triangle JKL is such that JK = 11CM , L𝐽̂K = 55° and LJ = LK
(a)In the space provided below, construct triangle JKL
(b)Measure and write down the length of LK
Question 5 (Check previous questions)

Solve the inequality 5 – 3p ≥ 7
178
Question 6
The diagram shows the distance – time graph of a taxi from the rank to the school
via the bus stop.
(a)How far is the bus stop from the school?
(b)What was the speed of the taxi between t = 5 and t = 10?
(c)Calculate the average speed of the taxi, in km/h , from the rank to the school.
(d)From the school, the taxi went back to the rank, arriving in 6 minutes.
Complete the graph to show this part of the journey
Question 7
For each game of football that it plays, a team is awarded points as follows:
3 for a win, 1 for a draw and 0 for a loss.
(a)A team earned 48 points after a number of wins and 6 draws. How many games
did the team win?
48 – 6 = 42
𝟒𝟐
= 𝟏𝟒 𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒔
𝟑
179
(b)One way in which a team can earn 25 points from 19 games is through 5 wins,
10 draws and 4 losses.
Write down another possible way of earning 25 points from 19 games.
Question 8
Solve the following pair of simultaneous equations
2x + 5y = 19
3y – x = 7
Question 9
(a)An organization provides electricity to 24 598 homes. Write this number in
standard form, correct to 2 significant figures.
279×12
(b)Approximate the value of
3.7
Question 10
Write down all the rectangle numbers between 11 and 19
Question 11
The area of an office floor is 9.8m2 .What is the area of the floor in cm2 ?
1m2 = 100cm × 100cm = 10 000cm2
Question 12
In the diagram below, square ABCD is mapped onto square PQRS by an
enlargement
180
Describe fully the enlargement
Question 13
A table top is in form of a regular pentagon. Calculate the size of each interior
angle of the table top
Refer to previous questions
Question 14
The scale of a map 1 : 250. Calculate the actual length, represented by 2cm on the
map.
1 : 250
2 :x
x = 500
Question 15
The histogram below shows the masses of a group of people
181
(a)How many people were in the group?

= 31 people
(b)Write down the modal class
70kg
(c)A person is chosen at random from the group. What is the probability that the
person’s mass is less than or equal to 70kg?
Question 16
The diagram below shows a picture frame in the form of a parallelogram PQRS.
PQ = 5t cm and QR = (3t – 1 ) cm
(a)Write down an expression, in terms of t, for the perimeter of the frame
(b)Given that the perimeter of the frame is 62cm, form an equation in t.
182
(c)Solve the equation in part (b)
(d)Calculate the length of the shorter side of the frame
Question 17
The diagram shows a figure made from equilateral triangles. One of the triangles is
shaded
(a)How many lines of symmetry does the figure have?
(b)Shade two more triangles so that the figure has a rotational symmetry of order 3
Question 18
Kaone tossed a die 100 times. The table below shows his results
Score Frequency
1 14
2 26
3 37
4 11
5 9
6 3
183
Find
(a)the lower quartile
(b)the upper quartile
(c)the interquartile range for Kaone’s scores
1999 PAPER 1
Question 1
Tshepho buys 3 cartons of milk at P1.85 each
(a)What is the total cost of the 3 cartons of milk?
(b)How much change should she receiver from P10?
Question 2
The angles of a triangle are in the ration 1 : 3 : 5.
Find the largest angle
Question 3
After falling by 3°C, the temperature at midnight is – 8°C. What was the original
temperature?
Question 4
Find the value of
184
2 1
(a) +
5 3
1
(b) 162
Question 5
Write 76.0284 correct to
(a)two decimal places
(b)three significant figures
Question 6
Describe fully the symmetry of the figure below
Question 7
A bag contains 5 yellow beads and 6 green beads. One bead is taken, at random,
out of the bag. Write the probability that this bead is green.
185
Question 8
(a)The mass of an animal, correct to the nearest kg, is 87kg. What is the greatest
possible value of its mass?
(b)The distance between two towns, correct to the nearest 100km, is 1200km.
What is the least possible distance between the two towns?
Question 9
A brick is 25cm long.
(a) 60 bricks are laid end to end in a straight line. Giving your answer in metres,
calculate the length of the line of bricks.
(b) How many bricks, laid end to end, are needed to make a line 50m long?
Question 10
A sequence of numbers starts with 5. Each of the following term is 3 more than the
one before it.
(a) Write down the first 4 terms of the sequence
(b) Write down, and simplify, an expression in terms of n, for the nth term of
the sequence.
Question 11
A steel bar is a cuboid measuring 200cm by 5cm by 2cm.
(a) Calculate its volume in cm3
186
(b) The density of steel is 7.8g/cm3 . Giving your answer in kg, calculate the
mass of the bar.
Question 12
Solve the simultaneous equations
3x + y = 17
x + 2y = 4
Question 13
Factorize completely
(a) 3𝑝2 + 6p
(b) 4𝑞 2 – 1
Question 14
ABCD is a parallelogram with D𝐴̂B= 70°
The point E is such that A𝐵̂E = 30° and B𝐸̂ C = 54°
Calculate
̂C
(a) A𝐷
187
(b) C𝐵̂E
(c) D𝐶̂ E
Question 15
The diagram represents a piece of card cut into a shape which has a line of
symmetry AB. The measurements are in cm.
(a) Calculate the perimeter of the shape
(b) Calculate the area of the shape
(c) On this diagram draw a second line of symmetry. Label this line CD
Question 16
188
The diagram shows a triangle T, a triangle S and the point A(3, 6)

(a)On the diagram, enlarge a triangle T using A as centre and scale factor 2. Label
the image P.
(b)On the diagram, reflect triangle T in the y – axis. Label the image Q
(c)A translation maps triangle T onto triangle S. Write down the column vector that
represents this translation.
Question 17
In an experiment, 10 seeds from one type of flower were planted in each of the 40
pots. The number of seeds which germinated was noted for each pot. The results
are given in the table below
Number of seeds Number of plots
germinating
4 2
5 2
6 10
7 5
189
8 9
9 5
10 7
(a)Write down the mode
(b)Find the median
(c)Calculate the mean
Question 18
The diagram shows the graph of a particular function
(a)On the diagram plot, and clearly label, the points P(0, 3) and Q ( 6, 6). Draw
and label, the straight line l which joins the points P and Q.
(b)Write down the coordinates of the point where the line l crosses the given curve.
190
(c)Find the equation of the line l
2000 PAPER 1
Question 1
* One of the local banks offers an overdraft facility of up to P500 monthly to its
customers. A customer from this bank overdrew from his account by P220. The
mini-statement below shows the balance as – 220
The customer then withdrew a further P240
a) What will be the new balance on the statement?

– P220 – P240
Ans = – P460
b) What minimum amount should the customer deposit to clear the negative
balance?
= P460
191
Question 2
The graph shows the journey of a bus from Francistown to Maun
(a) On the way to Maun the bus stopped to fill up the petrol tank. How far from
Francistown did it stop?
(b) Calculate the average speed of the bus from Francistown to Maun in km/h.
(Include the time it stopped)
Question 3
An advertisement gave the following information
Mrs Keaja bought a bag of each of the items.

192
(a)How much did she save?
(b)(i) Express the amount saved as a fraction of the cost before the discount. Give
the answer in its lowest terms.
(ii)Express the fraction in part(i) as a percentage
Question 4
Boiki made a cardboard model of a cuboid measuring 20cm × 30cm × 60cm as
shown
Calculate the area of the cardboard required to make the model in

(a) cm2
(b) m2
Question 5
Given that 135 × 2719 = 367 065, showing clearly your working, find the exact
value of
(a) 1.35 × 2.719
193
(b) 367 065 ÷ 271.9
(c) 367. 065 ÷ 13 500
Question 4
The diagram below shows a road sign
(a) Draw all its lines of symmetry on the diagram above

(b) The diagram also has rotational symmetry. State the order of this symmetry
Question 7
(a) In the diagram, the points A, B and C lie on a circle centre O. AOC is a
straight line, BT is a tangent and O𝑇̂B = 25°
(i) State with reasons the size of angle ABC
194
(ii) Calculate B𝑂̂T
(b) The diagram shows a right angled triangle KLM in which KM = 10cm and
̂ M = 30°
L𝐾
sin 30° = 0.500
cos 30° = 0.866
tan 30° = 0.557
(c)In the diagram, YZ is parallel to RT
Name the transformation which will map triangle XYZ onto triangle XRT
Question 8
195
(a) Find the equation of line K shown on the diagram
(b) Line M is parallel to line K and crosses the y – axis at (0,5)

(i) Draw line M on the diagram above
(ii) Write down the equation of M
Question 9
Bushi bought 7 sweets at x thebe each. He paid using a 50t coin and received
change of 15t.
(a) Form an equation in x to represent this information
(b) Solve the equation in part (a) to find the cost of one sweet.
Question 10
196
In the diagram, O is the centre of the circle with radius 5cm. The length of the
chord AB= 8cm
Calculate the distance of the chord AB from the centre O.
Question 11
A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 playing cards.
(a) What is the probability that it is a 9?
(b) The number of goals scored by a football team in 15 games are as follows
2, 3, 1, 3, 5, 6, 4, 3, 5, 4, 2, 6, 3, 5, 4.
Find
(i) the mode
(ii) the median number of goals
(c)Thebe collected information on the ages of students in form 4C. The bar chart
below shows the results he obtained.
197
(c) How many students are aged 18 years and below?
(d) The scatter graph illustrates the relationship between the Maths scores and
Science scores for 12 pupils.
How would you describe this correlation?
Question 12
The speed limit in a city is 60km/h. The fine for over speeding is P65.00 plus
P5.00 for every km/h over the limit.
198
(a) A motorist in Gaborone city driving at 80km/h was stopped and fined for
over speeding. How much was she charged?
(b) Another motorist in the city of Francistown was fined P315. Calculate the
speed at which he was travelling?
Question 13
The diagram below represents a cylindrical solid made of Gold. The cross –
section has a radius of 7cm. The height of the solid is 10cm.
22
(a)Taking 𝜋 as , calculate
7
(i) the volume of the solid
(ii) the curved surface area of the cylinder
(b)The gold is melted down and recast in the shape of a cuboid. During this
process none of the gold is lost.
Calculate the height of the cuboid if it is of length 11cm and width 7cm.
199
2001 PAPER 1
Question 1
(a) Mpho entered an elevator on floor number 6. He went 3 floors up then 4
floors down and got out of the elevator. On what floor did he get out?
(b) The first 3 terms of a sequence are – 5, – 2 and 1
(i) Write down the next 2 terms of the sequence
(ii) Find an expression for the nth term of the sequence
Question 2
Ofentse has a job which pays P20 per hour at normal rate. The overtime rate is
P40.50 per hour
One week Ofentse worked 9 hours of overtime in addition to his normal working
hours. If he earned a total of P1064.50 for that week, calculate the
(a) amount of money he earned at the normal rate
(b) number of hours he worked at the normal rate
Question 3
A helicopter leaves base B and flies 12km on a bearing of 090° to a place P. It
then flies 20km to a place Q which is due North of base B.
200
(a) Using a scale of 1cm to represent 2km, make a scale drawing to show the
flights of the helicopter from B to P and from P to Q. The point B has
already been marked for you
B*
(b)Using your diagram, or otherwise, find the
(i) distance BQ
(ii)bearing of Q from P
Question 4
Lorato went to buy a new outfit in Mmabatho. She changed P1500 to Rands at a
bank in Lobatse. The exchange rate was P1 is equal to R1.3241
201
(a) How many Rands did Lorato receive?
(b) In Mmabatho she bought an outfit which cost R1200 before tax. She then
paid 2 % sales tax. Calculate the sales tax she paid.
(c) Lorato brought back some Rands and she decided to change R667 to Pula.
The exchange rate for this transaction was P1 to R1.3340
Calculate the amount of Pula she received from the bank.
Question 5
A Tile Design Company offers a wide variety of wall tiles. Each tile has a pattern
of 16 small squares, and some of the squares are shaded as shown.
(a) How many lines of symmetry does Tile 1 have?
(b) (i) Shade one square on Tile 1 so that the tile will have rotational symmetry
of order 2
(ii)Mark, with a letter X, the centre of rotational symmetry.
202
(c)Shade the smallest possible number of squares on Tile 2 so that both lines
M and L are lines of symmetry.
Question 6
Tebogo measured the angle of elevation of the top of a vertical radio mast,
GT, from a point A on level ground. She found that the angle is 31°. The
distance from A to T is 25m as shown.
(a) Calculate the height of the radio mast, GT.

Tebogo now moves 10 metres, directly towards the base G, to a point B.
(b) Calculate
(i) BG
(ii) The angle of elevation of the top, T, from the point B.
Question 7
203
The external dimensions of some cylindrical tins of jam are diameter 8cm and
height 12cm.
(a) Calculate the volume of one tin of jam.
The tins are packed in a rectangular box with internal dimensions 40cm by 32cm
by 25cm as shown.
(b) (i) How many tins will fill the bottom of the box completely?
(ii)How many tins will fill the box completely?
(iii) Calculate the volume of space in the box that will not be occupied by the
tins.
Question 8
A bus left Kanye at 8.15a.m and arrived in Tsabong at 1.45pm
(a) How long did the journey take?
The following morning the bus left Tsabong for Kanye. It took 5 hours 45 minutes
and arrived in Kanye at 1610.
(b)At what time did the bus leave Tsabong?
204
(c)If the 5 hours 45 minutes is given to the nearest 5 minutes, what is

(i) the least time the bus could have taken
(ii)the maximum time the bus could have taken?
Question 9
The masses of 300 students in a Junior School were recorded. The results are
shown in a grouped frequency table below.
(a) Complete the cumulative frequency column in the table above
(b) Use the scale provided on the grid below to draw a cumulative frequency
curve for the results.
205
(c)Use your graph to estimate the

i. Percentage of students with a mass of 46kg or less,
ii. Probability that a student picked at random will have a mass of more than
57kg
Question 10
A car rental agency charges P50 plus P75 for every kilometre travelled. The rental,
C, in Pula, is given by formula C= 0.75n + 50, where n is the number of
kilometres travelled.
(a) Complete the table below for the cost of renting a car
206
n (km) 0 100 200 300 400 500

C(Pula) 275
(b)Draw the graph of C= 0.75n + 50 on the grid provided below for values of n
from 0 to 500. Use a scale of 2cm to represent 100km on the horizontal axis and
2cm to represent P100 on the vertical axis.
Question 11
The floor of a hall is in the form of a regular 18 – sided polygon. Part of the floor is
shown in the diagram.
207
(a) Calculate
(i) B𝑂̂C
(ii) O𝐵̂C
(iii) A𝐵̂C
(b) If OB is 12.8 metres, find the area of the triangle BOC, correct to 3
significant figures.
(c)Hence find the area of the floor, correct to 3 significant figures.
Question 12
Two rectangular plots ABCD and PQRS measure x m by (x + 4) m by ( x + 2) m
respectively as shown.
(a) (i) Show that the area of rectangle ABCD is given by

A = ( x2 + 4x ) m2
(ii)Show that the area of a rectangle PQRS is given by

A = (4x + 8) m2
208
(b) (i) Complete the following table of values for A = x2 + 4x
x 0 1 2 3 4
A 0 5 12 21
(ii)Using the axes and the scale provided, plot the graph of A = x2 + 4x
(iii)On the same axes, draw the graph of A = 4x + 8 for values of x from 0 to 4
2003 PAPER 1
Question 1
A company wishes to purchase a house which costs P600 000. A deposit of 15% is
to be paid.
Calculate the deposit to be paid.
Question 2
Part of an examination timetable is shown below.
(a) The Setswana paper is 50 minutes long. At what time does it end?
209
(b) How long in hours and minutes, is the break between Mathematics and
Home management?
Question 3
1
The petrol tank of Oaitse’s car was full. He drove around the city and used of
4
the petrol.
(a) What fraction of the petrol was left?
1
He then drove to a nearby farm without refilling the tank and used of the
5
remaining petrol.
(b)What fraction of the petrol is now left in the tank?
Question 4
In a class of 20, each pupil was asked to state the number of brothers they had. The
results are shown below.
(a) Complete the frequency table to show the information.

Number of Number of
brothers pupils
0
1
2
3
210
4
5
(b)State the modal number of brothers
(c)Calculate the mean number of brothers per pupil
Question 5
The first three triangle numbers are 1, 3 and 6. Write down the next three.
Question 6
(a) Factorize 15x – 12y
(b) Solve the inequality
1 – 2x < 5
Question 7
Write down P2.36 correct to the nearest 5 thebe
Question 8
A minibus travelled from Gaborone to Mochudi, 40km away. It took 20 minutes to
reach Mmamashia, which is 25km from Gaborone. After a 5 minute stop, it
reached Mochudi in 20 minutes.
211
(a) On the axes provided, draw a distance – time graph for the information
(b)Calculate the average speed of the minibus in km/h, from Mmamashia to

Mochudi.
Question 9
The scale drawing below shows the positions of the main mall, a hospital and a
supermarket in a town.
(a) What is the distance, in km, between the supermarket and the main mall?
212
(b)Measure and write down the bearing of the main mall from the hospital
Question 10
(a) On the axes provided, use the values of x from – 2 to 2 to draw the graphs
of
(i) y=–x
(ii) y = x + 1
(b) hence or otherwise solve the simultaneous equations

y = – x and
213
y=x+1
Question 11
(a) The diagram shows a parallelogram ABCD with A𝐵̂C = 60°
Calculate D𝐴̂B
(b) In the diagram, the point B lies on the circumference of a circle centre O.
ABC is a straight line which touches the circle at point B only.
(i) What is the geometrical name for the line ABC?
(ii) Given that OB = 5cm and OA = 13cm, calculate the length of AB.
Question 12
214
The coordinates of the end points of the diameter of a circle are (3, 1) and (– 1, 4)
Calculate
(a) The coordinates of the centre of the circle,
(b) The length of the diameter of the circle
Question 13
3
(a) Write √17 in index form
(b) Evaluate
(i) 6–4+2×3
3
(ii) 32 × 3−3
Question 14
A box contains 150 identical pegs of which 30 are blue, 55 are yellow and the
remainder are red. A peg is taken out at random.
What is the probability that the peg will be red?
Give the answer as a fraction in its simplest form.
215
Question 15
In the diagram, the approximate length, L ¸of the circular arc AB is given by
1
L = (8h – c )
3
where c is the base of the isosceles triangle whose two equal sides are each h units
long.
(a) Calculate the value of L when h = 4 and c = 7
(b) Make h the subject of the formula

1
L = (8h – c )
3
2004 PAPER 1
Question 1
A group of students left Jwaneng at 11.20am and arrived in Tsabong at 4.55pm
(a) Write down 4.55pm in 24 hour notation
(b) How long, in hours and minutes, did the journey take?
Question 2
216
The highest temperature recorded in Botswana on a summer day was 42°C while
the lowest on a winter day was – 5 °C.
What is the difference between these temperatures?
Question 3
The exchange rate of Pula to the US dollar on a particular day as P4.80 to US$1
How much was US$500 worth in Pula?
Question 4
Express 126 as a product of its prime factors
Question 5
At an election, 78 000 votes were cast for one of the three political parties. The
three parties, Tsogang, Emang and Duduetsang, received votes in the ration 4 : 3:
5. How many votes did Emang receive?
Question 6
In the diagram, B , is the image of A under a transformation. Describe the
transformation fully
217
Question 7
The size of each exterior angle of a regular polygon is 12°. Calculate the number of
sides of the polygon.
Question 8
Solve the equation
Question 9
Factorize completely
(a) 𝑞 2 + 3q
(b) 4x2 – 25
218
Question 10
The table shows the diameters of three planets, Earth, Jupiter and Saturn, to the
nearest one thousand kilometres.
(a) Write down the diameter of

(i) Saturn to 2 significant figures
(ii) Jupiter in standard form
(b)Write down the lower bound for the diameter of earth
Question 11
The diagram shows triangle A with vertices (– 3 ,1) and ( – 3 ,4)
219
On the same axes, draw the image of triangle A under

(a) A reflection in the y – axis and label it B
(b) A rotation of 90° anticlockwise about (0, 1) and label it C.
Question 12
The masses of 40 students in a form 4 class were recorded. The results are shown
in a cumulative frequency curve below.
(a) Use the graph to estimate

(i) Number of students with a mass of 62kg or less,
(ii) the median
(iii) the lower quartile

220
(iv) the upper quartile
(b) calculate the interquartile range
Question 13
(a) Given that
(a) Express → as a column vector

𝑂𝐶
(b) Calculate the magnitude of →

𝐵𝐶
Question 14
(a) Find the equation of the straight line through (3,4) and (4,6)
2𝑐 1
(b) Express + as a single fraction
5𝑑 3𝑐
Question 15
The diagram shows a mirror frame ABCD. It is in the form of a rectangle
measuring 20cm by 14cm joined to a semicircle
221
22
Taking 𝜋 as , calculate the length of
7
(a)the arc CD
(b)the plastic trim that would be needed to go around the frame
Question 16
Given that 3−1 × 93 =3𝑛 , find the value of n
Question 17
The graph illustrates the speed of a truck over a period of 100 seconds.
222
(a) Find the speed of the car after 25 seconds
(b) Calculate the acceleration of the car during the first 40 seconds
(c) Calculate the total distance covered in 100 seconds
2000 PAPER 2
Question 1
(a) The mass of an amoeba is 0.000 000 067g. Write down this mass in grams in
standard form.
24.97
(b) Evaluate , correct to three significant figures.
49.3078 ×99.305
Question 2
Solve the inequalities
(a) 3x – 1 ≤ 2
223
(b) – 2 (x + 2) > 4
Question 3
(a) Mrs Lefatshe bought 15 metres of cloth. The cost of one metre is P69.95.
(i) How much did she have to pay?
(ii) She cut out 2 pieces, each 6.13 metres long, from the cloth. How long, in
centimetres, is the remaining piece?
(b) In a science laboratory a student measures the thickness of four types of

cardboard paper using a micrometer. The results of the measurements in metres
were:
2 × 10−3 6 × 10−4 1.2 × 10−3 7 × 10−4
Arrange the measurements in order of size starting with the smallest.
Question 4
At a regional Mathematics and Science Fair, 10 students’s projects were seen by 2
judges. The scores, in percent, given by Judge 1 and Judge 2 are represented in the
scatter graph as shown
224
The scores given by 2 judges correlate positively.

(a) Draw the line of best fit.
(b) Use your line to answer the following questions
(i) One project was seen by Judge 1 and she gave 45%. What score do you
expect Judge 2 would have given for the same project?
(ii) Another project was seen by Judge 2 only and given 55%. What score do
you expect Judge 1 would have given?
Question 5
(a) In a sequence, the next term is found by multiplying the previous term by 4
and then subtracting 1. Starting with 3, write down the next 3 terms of the
sequence.
225
(b) The nth term of another sequence is given by 5n + 3. If the nth term is 498,
what is the value of n?
Question 6
(a) The equation of a straight line is 3x – 5y – 15 = 0
(i) Write this equation in the form y =mx + c
(ii) Write down the coordinates of the point where the line crosses the y –
axis
(b) A line segment CD has endpoint coordinates C(– 1 ,2) and D(p, q ). M (2, –
2) is the midpoint of the line segment CD.
(i) Find the coordinates of the endpoint D
(ii) Calculate the distance between points C and M
Question 7
The following containers are each filled with water at a steady rate.
The graphs below represent the depth of water against time for each of the
containers
226
(a) Match the graphs with the containers
Question 8
(a) The volume of the cuboid is given by V= 𝑥 2 y
Find the volume if x = 1.2cm and y = 3.7 cm
(b) A rope has length x metres. Two pieces each of length y metres are cut off
and the length of the remaining piece is given by (x – 2y) m as shown.
1 3
Find the length of the remaining piece given that x =17 m and y = 6 m.
4 4
227
(c) Factorize 6p + p2 + 9
Question 9
The diagram shows the positions of 3 villages: Kgaga, Molapo and Sekgwa. The
bearing of Molapo from Kgaga is 056°.
(a) Find a bearing of Kgaga from Molapo
The three villages are joined by 3 straight roads. The acute angle at Molapo is 30°
as shown on the diagram. The distance from Kgaga to Molapo is the same as the
distance from Molapo to Sekgwa.
(b) Calculate the acute angle at Sekgwa
(c)Calculate
(i) the distance from Kgaga to Sekgwa
228
(ii)the area of the triangular region enclosed by the 3 roads
Question 10
The diagram shows a mirror
ABCDEF, in which BCEF is a
square of side 62cm. ABF is a
sector of a circle of radius 62cm,
centre F and CDE is a sector of a
circle of radius 62cm, centre E.
Angle AFB = angle CED = 30°
(a) Calculate
(i) the length of the arc AB
(ii) the perimeter of the mirror
(b) calculate the area of

(i) sector CDE
(ii) the mirror ABCDEF
(c) Given that the length 62cm in the diagram is correct to two significant figure,
complete the statement below to show the lower and upper bounds for this
length.
…………….cm ≤ length < …………cm
229
Question 11
A stone is dropped from the top of the building. The height, h metres, of the stone
above the ground is given by h = 45 – 5t2 where t is the time after the stone is
dropped.
(a) Complete the table below to find the values of h corresponding to the given
values of t.
t (s) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

h(m)
(b)On the axes provided below, draw the graph of h against t.
230
(c)Using your graph or otherwise, find the value of t when the stone is 10m above
the ground.
Question 12
(a) In January 1997 the number of pupils at a school was 450. Given that the
number of pupils at the school in January 1998 was 645, find the percentage
increase in the number of pupils correct to 3 significant figures.
(b) (i) Kagiso invested P5000 at 9% interest for 3 years. How much money will
she have in her account at the end of 3 years?
(ii)Setshego invested the same amount of P5000 at 9 % compound interest for 3

years. How much money will he have in his account at the end of 3 years?
(iii) Who will have more money in the account at the end of 3 years and by
how much?
Question 14
One thousand people employed by a company were asked to state the amount of
money they spend on food daily; the cumulative frequency curve shows the results.
231
(a) Use the curve to find an estimate for

(i) the median amount of money spent,
(ii) the interquartile range.
(b)The company announced that it would bear the expenses of those who spent
P2.00 or less. How many employees will benefit from this?
(c)What is the probability that an employee picked at random will spend P2.00 or
less per day?
232

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74549960/74339844 KEFENTSE MOGOPODI

Lowest Common Multiple

Multiply the HCF by the numbers

UNDERSTANDING SQUARES AND CUBES

• 7 ×7= 49, so we can say 7 is the square root of 49

• A number written in the form 𝑎𝑛 is an index number

b) 512 ÷54= 512-4

Find the value of n

USING NEGATIVE AND FRACTIONAL INDICES

*4−5 ×49 = 4−5+9 = 𝟒𝟒 *6−3 ÷6−5 =6−3−(−5) =6−3+5 = 𝟔𝟐

Solve the equations

Find the values of the following

*50 000 = 5 × 10 000 * 346 000 000= 3.46 × 1 000 000

*683.4= 6.834 × 100 * 0. 000 000 006 = 6 × 0.000 000 001

= 5.6 × 10-4 = 5 × 101+3

*(4 × 108) × (2 × 103) *(7×105) × (1.5×103)

*(4×10-7) × (3×105) *(8.6 ×108) ÷ (2 ×1013)

Write these in standard form

*(2 ×105)2 * (5 × 10-5)2

*4.12×10-4 * 4.2 ×10-7

65 ×120 8.82 ×5.007

Ans = 5.2 ×100 Ans= 4.416174×10-3

* (3.6×1020) ÷ (3.75×106) * (3.3×10-20) ÷ (3.75×10-6)

*Write the number 35 000 000 in standard form.

PAST EXAMINATIONS QUESTIONS

Final answer = 2×𝟏𝟎−𝟑

b)During an election, only half of the population of the country voted.

98 000 + 4900 = 102 900

1.03 ×𝟏𝟎𝟓 (population after one year)

40𝑥 11 500 000

2011 PAPER 3 , QUESTION 1

42x = 358 260 000 divide both sides by 42

2013 PAPER 3, QUESTION 3

210 000kg ×1000g/ kg = 210 000 000g

1.68 ×𝟏𝟎𝟔 packets of tea

2014 PAPER 3, QUESTION 3

APPLICATIONS: MONEY AND PERCENTAGES

= P1064.50 – (P40.50 ×9)

b) number of hours he worked at normal rate

*A company wishes to purchase a house which costs P600 000. A

Ans = P90 000

a) Masego sends a letter by Air mail to a SADC country. How much

(ii) The remaining P13 125 of Mary’s salary was taxed.

P18 750 – (P5625 +P2887.50) = P10 237.50 – Take home

Weekly wage = P196.88

(iii) In 2012 Mary had worked for Company B.

100x + 25x = P 1 875 000

125 1 875 000

So, she earned P15 000 at Company B

P15.00 : ZAR 21.53

Selling price = P620 + P279

100x + 20x = P108 000

120x = P108 000

Principal = P70 000

- Modiri will pay an interest of P84 000

b) How much will he pay in total for the car

*Maipelo accumulated P560 simple interest after investing her money

She invested P500

Profit = P225 000

We have to find the rate, so we change the subject of the formula to

4−5 ×49 = 4−5+9 = 𝟒𝟒 6−3 ÷6−5 =6−3−(−5) =6−3+5 = 𝟔𝟐

50 000 = 5 × 10 000 346 000 000= 3.46 × 1 000 000

683.4= 6.834 × 100 0. 000 000 006 = 6 × 0.000 000 001

(4 × 108) × (2 × 103) (7×105) × (1.5×103)

(4×10-7) × (3×105) (8.6 ×108) ÷ (2 ×1013)

(2 ×105)2 (5 × 10-5)2

4.12×10-4 4.2 ×10-7