ADAMA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL &
MATERIAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMRNT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

* NAME : Mikiyas Seifu

* ID : UGR/23641/13
* ADVISOR NAME:
* HOSTING ORGANIZATION:

Adama Agricultural Machinery Industry

(AAMI)
* SUPERVISOR’S NAME IN THE
ORGANIZATION: Mr .Asefa

Duration of internship:

Submission Date:

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Internship is one of the ways of improving the theoretical knowledge into practical
knowledge as well as to upgrading the practical skill which are gained in the work
places. Internship is a work related learning experience for students who wish to
develop hands on work experience in certain Occupational field. In order to take both
the theory and practice, in to account to help students develop the spirits of self-
supporting, hardworking and endurance. In this report I tried to show over all
experience I had made in my stay in Ethio-Engineering Group Adama Agricultural
Machinery Manufacturing Industry for the internship programs that longs up to 2
month.In doing my internship, I observed the overall workflow of the company. I saw
how the tractor assembled; including the maintenance of agriculture material. I with
the help of other interns have identified a problem and proposed a project to the
company. This all are included with in this report.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and above all, I would like to thank almighty God. Next, I will like to give my
gratitude to Ethio-Engineering Group Adama Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing
Industry for giving me this opportunity to get practical skills and to have some
important and essential knowledge about agricultural machinery processing from raw
materials to finished product from this company. Then adama science and technology
University for their patience and guidance throughout the course. For the theoretical
and technical skills, I have acquired during my studies. All my colleagues throughout
the different disciplines in the factory but most importantly the Maintenance team
where my practical knowledge really appreciated. Finally thanks all the factory
workers who shared me their experience and what I need from them accordingly.

III
 CONTENTS
Chapter 1 ; Introduction
1.1 General overview about internship
1.2 Background of the organization
1.2.1 Objective of the organization
1.2.2 Mission of the organization
1.2.3 Services of the organization

Chapter 2 Management Training &

employee information
2.1 Major duty we were given to perform
2.2 How we become oriented with responsibility
2.3 The help of supervisor to succeed our assignment
2.4 Qualities we develop to succeed daily duties
Chapter 3 Specific job information
3.1 Daily technical duties and responsibility we had
during the internship
3.2 Other responsibility we had during our internship
3.3 Technical knowledge and skill from our course work
were beneficial for our assignment
3.4 relevant research idea we were provided for the
company
Chapter 4 Main points to include in the report
4.1 Description and products of the company
4.2 Major services of the company
4.3 Problems and challenges, which are observed from
the company

Chapter 5 Reflection and conclusion

5.1 How did the internship fit our career goal

IV
 5.2 Career goal change as a result of the internship
experience
5.3 Feeling about the significance of the internship
5.4 Challenges we face during the internship
Recommendation
Reference/Bibliography

V
 INTORDUCTION
1.1 General overview about internship
Internship is a period of work experience offered by organization for a fixed period of
time. It is usually part-time if offered during a university semester and full-time if
offered during vacation period. Our internship was accomplished in Bekelcha
transport share company (B.T.S.C).

Benefits of doing an internship are

 Gain valuable experience. Internship provide practical, hands on experience

that cannot be replicated in a classroom setting.
 Build your network. Internship allow you to make connections with
professionals in your field.
 Getting insight or seeing into the way businesses work
 A chance to develop our knowledge and skill in a particular field or industry

There are a lot of things we get during the internship and what will have expected
from us more proactive and real responsibility because we tasted what a profession is
like.

1.2 Background of the organization

1.2.1 Objective of the organization

Established as Nazareth Tractor Assembly Plant (NTAP) in 1984 for the purpose of
assembling tractors used for mechanized farms.
NTAP was renamed as Adama Agricultural Machinery Industry (AAMI) in 1992.
It was transferred to the Ethio-engineering in 2010.
AAMI is located 90 km east of Addis Ababa in the town of Adama in Oromia
Regional State. AAMI is organized with four production factories located on 114,388
square meters of land, and it assembles and manufactures tractors, water pumps and
various agricultural combines and products.
The products are primarily used by the government, farm unions and state- owned
enterprises for agricultural purposes, water irrigation, construction, and transportation
related projects.
AAMI have a great role and responsibility in producing agricultural equipment’s and
building man

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ufacturing facilities throughout the Country for different enterprises, That are helpful
to transform traditional farming system into Modern and Industrialized Agriculture.

1.2.2 Mission of the organization

1.2.3 Services of the organization
* Maintenance and service of tractors,implements,pumps,irrigation equipments
both at client site as well as on company premises
* sales of tractor,tractor implements,water pumps and irrigation equipment spare
part
* training operators of tractors and tractor implement

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 CHAPTER 2
Management, training and employee information

2.1 Major duty we were given to perform

Our duty: -

 Knowing (by names) and working with tools, machine, or equipment

 Following orders or instructions
 Punctuality, locality, responsible
 Working as a member of a team and independently; improve our
teamwork skill
 Assist and involve day-to-day tasks
 Observe repairing order
 Ask and show that we are willing to learn
 Wearing the cloths
 Knowing how to lift the heavy things

2.2 How we become oriented with responsibility

Unfortunately, this internship is different from our expectation and knowledge for the
first few days because we have learnt about the internal parts but we get there the
whole external parts (like gear box, differential, clutch, ); even we don’t have any clue
to know what it is, how it works but we just work on it by spending all time asking
and Google references, taking tutorials from YouTube ; and thanks to the employees
of the company willing to show us basic theory, explains the systems from the
beginning ( like airflow and fuel system ) and push us to ask them a question to
understand and help each other what we are doing.

After all of this it gives us freedom to perform what we are assigned for.

2.3 The help of supervisor to succeed our

assignment
Most of the time our supervisor oversees or supervise what we are doing, makes the
internship easier by clear guidance, training opportunity related to a subject, deliver
work for us to do it.

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 And also the employees we were work with also check and mentor from the
beginning to end, help us explore what we should to know by coaching, training,
developing our emotions etc. All of this helpful to succeed our assignment we were
given.

2.4 Qualities we develop to succeed daily duties

Internship gave us a chance to explore life in the real world than the theory.

A quality we develop there to succeed daily duties are

Work hard no matter what we’re doing

Work ethics
Communication skills (verbal/written with staff members)
Team work (not focusing entirely on ourselves, keep team work member
informed, bases decision on team goals, keep commitment, share credits,
not blame)
Technical skill
Problem solving skill
Honesty
Work independently
Adaptability skills (the surrounding environment)
Ability to speak with people in a professional setting
New and improved skills (by test out all the skill that we developed in
university)
Patience in situation when we disagree with other members of the team
Eager and willing to add knowledge base and skill
Responsibility
Time management
Believe in ourselves
Sense of accomplishment (complete tasks, project)

CHAPTER 3

Specific job information

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 3.1 Daily technical duties and responsibility we had during the

internship

Our duties mostly relies on maintaining ,cleaning and testing walking tractors which
are manufactured 14 years ago and kept in the environment.this means finding the
problems of the tractors and providing a solution .

Since the tractor have not a shelter rain and sun were hitting them in case most of the
time the problem were ;

* the parts of the tractors were rusted

* there radiator were pissed of

* there fuel tank also

* there injection pump rusting

* injection nozzle

So our major duties were;

* washing the parts by using anti rust,

* changing there radiator and

* changing there fuel tank

Also there are different actions we have done like;

* cheking the clutch of walking tractor

* lubricating the wheels and other engine parts

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 * cleaning there injection pump

Through out this progress we must ;

 Observe repairing orders

 Maintaining or fixing things
 Be cheerful and cooperative with those around us

Distinguish tractor engine parts, spare parts

3.2 Other responsibility we had during our internship

We are working closely with the employees so that our responsibilities are

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  Making good working condition
 Find out what is expected from us and do our best to meet that expectation
 Punctuality
 Maintaining the company properties
 Real work + Engagement =Get result
 Caring for / helping people

3.3 Technical knowledge and skill from our course work were
beneficial for our assignment

This internship can be offered by our University which helps us to meet the
theoretical knowledge with practical training and to make us compete with rest of the
world. Before that we take some courses that helpful a little bit to perform our tasks
such as

 Thermodynamics 2(to differentiate Diesel and gasoline engines)

 Fluid mechanics

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  Introduction to Automobile Engineering
 Strength 1 & 2

3.4 relevant research idea we were provided for the company

Chapter 4 Main points to include in the report

4.1 Description and products of the company

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INTRIDUCTION OF TRACTORES :-

A report on tractors typically aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these

essential agricultural

machines, covering their various aspects. Here's a brief outline of what such a report
might include:

Introduction: Explanation of the purpose and importance of tractors in agriculture and

other industries.

TYPES OF TRACTORES

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Description of different types, such as utility tractors, row crop tractors, and
articulated tractors,

including their specific uses and features.

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT EVOLUTION OF WALKING TRACTOR

Early Development: Origins: The concept of walking tractors, also known as

walking or two-wheeled

tractors, emerged in the early 20th century as a response to the need for more
versatile and affordable

agricultural machinery for small-scale farmers.

First Models: Early walking tractors were designed to be compact and affordable,
aimed at small farms

that could not afford larger, more expensive four-wheeled tractors. These early
models were often

manually operated or powered by simple internal combustion engines.

Mid-20th Century Evolution:

Increased Popularity: After World War II, walking tractors gained popularity,
especially in developing

countries, due to their affordability and efficiency. They were seen as a solution for
increasing

agricultural productivity without the high cost of larger tractors.

Design Improvements: During this period, designs evolved to include more powerful
engines, better

traction systems, and the introduction of attachments like plows and seeders.

Modern Developments:

Enhanced Power and Efficiency: Contemporary walking tractors are equipped with
more powerful

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engines, advanced gear systems, and improved ergonomics. These advancements help
increase

productivity and ease of use.

Versatility: Modern models come with a range of attachments and can perform
various tasks, from

plowing and tilling to planting and harvesting.

:- Tractors are essential machinery in agriculture, designed to perform various tasks.

Here are some

common types of tractors and their uses:

31. Utility Tractor

- Description: Versatile and multipurpose, these tractors are commonly used on farms.

- Uses:- Plowing, harrowing, planting, and hauling materials.

2. Row Crop Tractors

- **Description**: Designed for farming operations where crops are planted in rows.

- **Uses**: Cultivating, planting, and spraying crops; ideal for mid-sized farms.

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3. 4WD Tractors

- **Description**: Four-wheel drive tractors provide better traction and stability.

- **Uses**: Suitable for rough terrain and heavy-duty tasks like plowing and tilling.

4. Compact Tractors

- **Description**: Smaller tractors that are easy to maneuver.

- **Uses**: Ideal for small farms, landscaping, and residential applications.

5. Garden Tractors

- **Description**: Smaller than compact tractors, designed for lawn and garden
maintenance.

- **Uses**: Mowing lawns, tilling gardens, and light hauling.

6. Track Tractors

- **Description**: Equipped with tracks instead of wheels for better stability.

- **Uses**: Used in wet or muddy conditions, suitable for large-scale farming and
earthmoving.

7. Specialty Tractors

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- **Description**: Designed for specific tasks or crops, such as vineyards or

orchards.

- **Uses**: Narrow designs for maneuvering between rows of plants.

8. High-Horsepower Tractors

- **Description**: Powerful tractors for large farms and heavy-duty applications.

- **Uses**: Tilling, plowing, and operating large implements.

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### Uses of Tractors in Agriculture

- **Tillage**: Preparing the soil for planting.

- **Planting**: Assisting in sowing seeds with precision.

- **Cultivation**: Maintaining soil and controlling weeds.

- **Harvesting**: Assisting in the collection of crops.

- **Hauling**: Transporting materials and equipment across the farm.

Note ; in the time we were in the company most of us were focused on repairing
walking tractor since there is no other works at the time

o How Walking Tractors Operate

o Walking tractors, also known as walk-behind tractors, are versatile
agricultural machines designed to perform a variety of tasks in farming
and gardening. Unlike larger tractors that require a driver’s seat,
walking tractors are operated by walking behind the machine and
controlling it through handlebars. This document provides a
comprehensive overview of how walking tractors operate, covering
their key components, controls, and operational procedures.

o #Key Components

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 o 1. Engine
o Type: Walking tractors are typically powered by small gasoline or
diesel engines, though electric and hybrid
options are becoming more common. The engine provides the power
necessary to drive the tractor and its attachments.
o - Location: The engine is usually positioned at the rear or center of
the tractor, contributing to a balanced weight distribution that
improves stability and control.
o 2. Handlebars
o - Function: Handlebars are used for steering and controlling the
walking tractor. They house various controls and allow the operator to
maneuver the tractor while walking behind it.
o - Adjustability: Many models feature adjustable handlebars to
accommodate different operator heights and preferences, enhancing
comfort and control.
o 3. Transmission
o - Types: Walking tractors can have manual, semi-automatic, or
automatic transmissions. The transmission system allows the operator
to select different speeds and directions.
o - Operation: The transmission is engaged or disengaged through a
gear shift lever, which the operator uses to change gears based on the
task being performed.
o 4. Wheels or Tracks
o - Wheels: Most walking tractors have large, rugged wheels designed
to provide good traction on various terrains. The size and tread of the
wheels can affect the tractor’s stability and performance.
o - Tracks: Some models use tracks instead of wheels. Tracks offer
better traction and stability, particularly in muddy or uneven
conditions.

o 5. Power Take-Off (PTO)

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 o - Function: The PTO system provides power to attached implements,
allowing the walking tractor to drive equipment such as rotary tillers,
seeders, and mowers.
o - Control: The PTO can be engaged or disengaged using a separate
control, enabling the operator to switch between different attachments
easily.
o Operation Process
o 1. Starting the Engine
o - Ignition: The engine is started using a pull-start mechanism, electric
starter, or key ignition, depending on the model. Once started, the
engine should be allowed to warm up briefly to ensure optimal
performance.
o - Warm-up: Allowing the engine to reach its operating temperature
helps improve fuel efficiency and engine longevity.
o 2. Controlling the Tractor
o - Throttle Control: Located on one of the handlebars, the throttle
control adjusts the engine speed. The operator uses it to regulate the
tractor’s power output according to the task at hand.
o - Gear Shift: The gear shift lever is used to change the speed and
direction of the tractor. By selecting the appropriate gear, the operator
can adjust the tractor’s speed for different tasks.
o - Clutch: The clutch control engages or disengages the power to the
wheels or tracks, allowing smooth gear changes and easier
maneuvering.
o 3. Driving and Steering
o - Forward/Reverse: The tractor can move forward or reverse based
on the gear selected. The operator uses the gear shift lever to change
the direction of movement.
o - Steering: Handlebars are used to steer the tractor. Some models
feature differential steering, where the speed of the wheels or tracks
can be adjusted independently to facilitate turning.
o 4. Engaging and Using Implements

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 o - Attachment: Implements such as plows, cultivators, or seeders are
attached to the rear of the walking tractor. The attachment process may
involve mounting the implement and securing it with pins or bolts.
o - Power Transfer: The PTO system is engaged to transfer power from
the engine to the implement. The operator uses the PTO control to
activate the implement and adjust its operation.
o - Adjustments: Implements may require adjustments for depth, angle,
or height. These adjustments are made using additional controls or
mechanisms on the implement itself.
o 5. Maneuvering and Operation
o - Turning: The tractor is steered by turning the handlebars. In some
models, adjusting the throttle and braking can also help with
maneuverability and control.
o - Speed Control: The operator adjusts the speed using the throttle.
Different tasks may require varying speeds, so the throttle is adjusted
accordingly.
o 6. Safety and Maintenance
o - Safety: Operators should follow safety protocols, including wearing
protective gear and ensuring all safety guards are in place. Regular
safety checks and maintenance are crucial to prevent accidents and
ensure the tractor operates safely.
o - Maintenance: Regular maintenance includes checking engine oil,
air filters, belts, and tires. Proper maintenance helps keep the walking
tractor in good working condition and extends its operational life.
o Walking tractors combine simplicity with versatility, making them
effective tools for a variety of agricultural and gardening tasks. By
understanding their key components and operational procedures, users
can make the most of these machines, ensuring efficient performance
and longevity. Regular maintenance and adherence to safety guidelines
are essential for optimal operation and durability.

4.2 Major services of the company

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As I mentioned earlier the major services of the company is
* repairing different types of tractor
* designing different parts of the tractor
* taking the prototype of the design and producing them

4.3 Problems and challenges, which are observed from the company
The biggest problem the company faced is losing some walking tractors while
repairing one tractors damaged parts the technicians take the damaged part from the
other tractors this leads to unnecessary loss of many tractors

In case it is recommended to buy new parts by mass and change the damaged parts
instead of losing many tractors

Chapter 5
Reflection and Conclusion
5.1 How did the internship fit our career goal
Internship can provide a great transition between the education process and a career /
fill the gap that formal education does not address. It allows us to try out a career in a
short period, helping us to make more informed decisions on what we want to do with
our life.

 Develop professional skill

 Give real life experience and exposure
 The opportunity to learn more about ourselves (encourage personal
development)

5.2 Career goal change as a result of the internship experience

Internship is a basic step for a professional career. It is a different world from

university. It is a platform to learn practically. We can have a new experience and
new task to seek.

o Opportunity to learn from failure

o Get exposed to workforce culture
o Give vision of the career
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 o Choice to experience different field
o Professional behavior (even develop leadership skills)
5.3 Feeling about the significance of this internship

We all know that internship practical experience is the best, and it give the students
that hands-on experience they need. We feel that quality internship are essential to
develop key skills that we can’t get in a classroom. Skills such as multitasking,
communicating, learning to deal with diversity . its more interesting than that of
theoretical learning

5.4 challenges we face during the internship

There are some challenges that occurred during the internship as following. In the
summer season the working place is slow which means there is no more work
application and operation like other seasons. So we have not a chance to see more
practical work at the company.

We are currently facing a challenge as we do not have a home or enough food the
next two months. Because of we do not have sufficient funds to support ourselves
during this period when it compared to with this time.

Conclusion:

Walking Tractors - A Versatile Asset for Small-Scale Farming26

Walking tractors have proven to be invaluable tools for small-scale farmers

worldwide. Their compact

size, maneuverability, and versatility make them well-suited for a wide range of
agricultural tasks.

Here are some key conclusions about walking tractors:

• Efficiency and Productivity: Walking tractors significantly enhance efficiency and

productivity in small

scale farming. They can perform tasks such as tilling, plowing, planting, harvesting,
and transportation

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with greater speed and precision than manual labor.

• Cost-Effectiveness: Compared to larger tractors, walking tractors are generally more

affordable to

purchase and operate. They require less fuel and maintenance, making them a cost-
effective option for

small-scale farmers.

• Versatility: Walking tractors can be equipped with various attachments, allowing

them to perform a

wide range of agricultural tasks. This versatility makes them a valuable investment for
farmers who need

to handle multiple operations.

• Environmental Benefits: Walking tractors often have lower emissions than larger
tractors,

contributing to a more sustainable agricultural environment.

• Accessibility: Their compact size and maneuverability make walking tractors

suitable for working in

small fields, hilly terrain, and confined spaces.

In conclusion, walking tractors have emerged as a valuable asset for small-scale

farmers, offering a

combination of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, versatility, and environmental benefits.

Their popularity

continues to grow as more farmers recognize the advantages they provide in modern
agriculture.

Reference /Bibliography

Documents of adama agricultural machinery industry

Learn enginnering.org

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