Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 14 views

    Lecture 01

    Uploaded by

    seleentqatqa283

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture 01

    Uploaded by

    seleentqatqa283
    14 views15 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views15 pages

    Lecture 01

    Uploaded by

    seleentqatqa283

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 15

    Chapter 2

    Motion Along a Straight Line


    Kinematics
    • Describes motion while ignoring the agents that
    caused the motion
    • motion in one dimension
    • Along a straight line
    2.1 Position
    • Defined in terms of a frame of reference
    • One dimensional, so generally the x- or y-axis

    Y axis
    X=0

    X axis

    Y=0
    n The object’s position is its location with
    respect to the frame of reference
    Position-Time Graph
    Displacement

    • The change in position during some time interval


    • Represented as Dx
    Dx = xf - xi
    • SI units are meters (m)
    • Dx can be positive, negative, or zero.
    • It is different from distance – the length of the path
    followed by a particle
    Average Velocity
    • The average velocity is the rate at which the
    displacement occurs
    Dx x f - xi
    vav = =
    Dt t f - ti
    • The dimensions are length / time [L/T]
    • The SI units are m/s
    Average Velocity
    • It is also the slope of the line in the position –
    time graph
    Average Velocity –Example
    • Determine the displacement of
    the particle in the time intervals:
    • t = 0 to t = 1 s

    • t = 1 to t = 3 s.

    • Calculate the average velocity in


    these two time intervals.
    Average Speed

    • Speed is a scalar quantity (same units as velocity)


    total distance
    S av =
    total time

    • The average speed is not (necessarily) the magnitude


    of the average velocity

    • Note: Whenever the moving object turns around, its displacement and total
    distance, and consequently its average velocity and speeds are not equal!
    Quick Quiz 1
    • Under which of the following conditions the magnitude
    of the average velocity is smaller than average speed
    over some time interval?

    a) A particle moves in the + x direction without reversing


    b) A particle moves in the - x direction without reversing
    c) A particle moves in the + x direction and then reverses
    the direction of its motion
    d) There are no conditions for which this is true.
    Average Velocity & Displacement -
    Example
    • Find the displacement, average velocity, and average speed of the
    car in the figure below between positions A and F
    Instantaneous Velocity
    • The instantaneous velocity indicates what is
    happening at every point of time

    Dx dx
    v x = lim =
    Dt ®0 Dt dt
    nThe instantaneous velocity can be positive,
    negative, or zero
    Instantaneous Velocity, graph
    • The instantaneous velocity
    is the slope of the line
    tangent to the x vs. t curve

    • The blue lines show that as


    Dt gets smaller, they
    approach the green line
    Example
    • A particle moving along the x axis. Its position varies with
    time according to x = 2 - 2t + t2.
    A) Determine the displacement of the particle between t=0
    to t=1 s.
    B) Calculate the average velocity between t=0 to t=1 s.
    C) Find the instantaneous velocity at t=1 s.
    Example
    n A particle moving along the x axis. Its position varies with
    time according to x = - 4t + 2t2.

    A) Determine the displacement of the particle in the time


    intervals t=0 to t=1 s and t=1 to t=3 s.

    B) Calculate the average velocity in these two time


    intervals.

    C) Find the instantaneous velocity at t=2.5 s.


    D) Challenge: Find the average speed of the particle
    between t=0s and t=2s.

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy