‫تصميم االساسات‬

Design of footing

65
𝑪𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒎𝒏 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔:
D.L L.L Working load Ultimate load
NO Node
KN KN KN KN
1 1 837.46 58.65 896.11 1172.43
2 3 1127.34 101.25 1228.59 1578.28
3 5 1056.07 85.03 1141.1 1478.5
4 7 1288.53 110.89 1399.42 1803.94
5 9 1279.65 113.57 1393.22 1791.51
6 11 640.22 35.56 675.78 896.31
7 13 637.99 34.16 672.15 893.19
8 15 1011.47 79.11 1090.58 1416.05
9 17 948.51 72.15 1020.66 1327.92
10 19 1385.25 126.76 1512.01 1939.35
11 21 923.76 145.54 1069.3 1341.37
12 23 1085.14 166.1 1251.24 1567.93
13 25 1219.45 81.49 1300.94 1707.22
14 27 1458.41 116.53 1574.94 2041.78
15 29 877.1 130.71 1007.81 1261.66
16 31 1190.89 155.4 1346.29 1677.71
17 33 1181.47 154.88 1336.35 1665.58
18 35 1485.56 154.44 1640 2079.78
19 39 900.46 61.29 961.75 1260.64
20 41 1124.39 140.43 1264.82 1574.14
21 43 1484.58 176.78 1661.36 2078.41
22 45 721.06 86.04 807.1 1009.49
23 47 576.4 93.13 669.53 840.69
24 131 1195.57 136.72 1332.29 1673.8

66
𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑵𝒐 𝟒𝟑
𝑃𝐷𝐿 𝑃𝐿𝐿 𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑓𝑦 𝑆𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝑓 𝛾𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 𝑚 𝑘𝑁/𝑚3
1484.58 176.78 25 280 260 1.5 17

𝑃𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝑃𝐷𝐿 + 𝑃𝐿𝐿 = 1484.58 + 176.78 = 1661.36 𝑘𝑁

𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 1.2 𝑃𝐷𝐿 + 1.6 𝑃𝐿𝐿 = 1.2 × 1484.58 + 1.6 × 176.78 = 2064.34 𝑘𝑁

𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 𝟏: 𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 & 𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔.

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 ≈ 5% 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 75𝑚𝑚

𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙 − 𝐷𝑓 × 𝛾𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 260 − 1.5 × 17 = 234.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝑃𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 1.05 × 1661.36
𝐴= = = 7.37 𝑚2
𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑡 234.5
𝐴𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 𝐿 − 𝐵
𝑎 − 𝑏 = 0.8 − 0.25 = 0.55
𝐿 = 𝐵 + 𝑐 = 𝐵 + 550
𝐵 × 𝐿 = (𝐵 + 0.55) × 𝐵 → 7.37 = (𝐵 + 0.55) × 𝐵
𝐵 = 2.454 𝑚 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 5𝑐𝑚 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 → 𝐵 = 2.5 𝑚
𝐿 = 𝐵 + 0.55 = 2.45 + 0.55 = 3.05 𝑚
⸫ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑖𝑠 (2.5 𝑚 × 3 𝑚 )
𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠:
1.05 × 1661.36
𝑞𝑎𝑙𝑙−𝑎𝑐𝑡 = = 232.59 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 < 𝑞𝑛𝑎𝑡 = 234.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 𝑂𝐾!
2.5 × 3

67
 b

3000

1125
250
2500
1100 800

𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 𝟐: 𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒇𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒌𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔.

𝑶𝒏𝒆 − 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 (𝐶 − 𝑑 )
𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 + 1.2 × 𝑜. 𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 2064.34 + 1.2(2.5 × 3 × 0.5 × 25)
𝑞𝑢 = =
𝐴 2.5 × 3
∴ 𝑞𝑢 = 295.30 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
2.5 − 0.25 3 − 0.8
𝐶2 = = 1.125 𝑚 ; 𝐶1 = = 1.1 𝑚
2 2
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 (𝐶 − 𝑑 ) = 292.12 × (1.125 − 𝑑 )
1
∅𝑉𝑢 = ∅ 𝜆√𝑓𝐶 ′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
6
1
𝑉𝑢 = ∅𝑉𝑢 → 292.12 × (1.125 − 𝑑) = 0.75 × × 1 × √25 × 1000 × 𝑑
6

68
𝑑 = 0.358 𝑚𝑚
𝑡 = 𝑑 + 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟(75𝑚𝑚) + 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠(∅16) = 0.358 + 0.075 + 0.016 = 0.449 𝑚
∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑡 = 0.6 𝑚 = 600 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟(75𝑚𝑚) + 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠(∅16) = 600 − 75 − 16 = 509 𝑚𝑚

3000

C2

2500
C1 800

C1

69
𝑻𝒘𝒐 − 𝒘𝒂𝒚 𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 × 𝐿 × 𝐵 − 𝑞𝑢 (𝑏 + 𝑑)(𝑎 + 𝑑)
𝑉𝑢 = 292.12 × 3 × 2.5 − 292.12 × (0.8 + 0.509) × (0.25 + 0.509) = 1900.67 𝑘𝑁

t=600

3000

2500 b+d

a+d

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 (22.6.5.2) 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐶𝐼 318 − 19

70
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 (𝑎) 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 (22.6.5.2) 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐶𝐼 318 − 19 ∶

𝑉𝐶 = 0.33𝜆𝑠 𝜆√𝑓𝐶 ′ (22.6.5.2)

𝜆𝑠 → 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝜆𝑠, 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦

2
𝜆𝑠 = √ ≤1 (22.5.5.1.3)
1 + 0.004𝑑

2 2
𝜆𝑠 = √ =√ = 0.812 < 1 𝑂𝐾
1 + 0.004𝑑 1 + 0.004 × 509

λ → modification factor to reflect the reduced mechanical properties of lightweight

concrete relative tonormalweight concrete of the same compressive strength
𝜆 = 1.0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒

𝑉𝐶 = 0.33 × 0.812 × 1 × √25 = 1.34 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑏) 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 (22.6.5.2) 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐶𝐼 318 − 19:

0.33
𝑉𝐶 = (0.17 + ) 𝜆𝑠 𝜆√𝑓𝐶 ′
𝛽

2 2
𝜆𝑠 = √ =√ = 0.812 < 1 𝑂𝐾
1 + 0.004𝑑 1 + 0.004 × 509

𝜆 = 1.0
β → is the ratio of long to short sides of the column, concentrated load, or reaction area.
0.8
𝛽= = 3.2
0.25
0.33 0.33
𝑉𝐶 = (0.17 + ) 𝜆𝑠 𝜆√𝑓𝐶 ′ = (0.17 + ) × (0.812) × (1) × √25 = 1.77 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛽 3.2

71
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑐) 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 (22.6.5.2) 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐶𝐼 318 − 19:

0.083 𝛼𝑆 𝑑
𝑉𝐶 = (0.17 + ) 𝜆𝑠 𝜆√𝑓𝐶 ′
𝑏𝑜
𝛼𝑆 → 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑉𝑐 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠

22.6.5.3 The value of αs is 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge columns, and 20 for
corner columns.
40 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝛼𝑆 { 30 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠 𝟐𝟐. 𝟔. 𝟓. 𝟑
20 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠

𝛼𝑆 = 40 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠.

𝑏𝑜 → perimeter of critical section for two-way shear in slabs and footings,mm
𝑏𝑜 = 2 × [(𝑏 + 𝑑 ) + (𝑎 + 𝑑 )] = 2 × [(0.8 + 0.509) + (0.25 + 0.509)] = 4.136 𝑚
0.083 𝛼𝑆 𝑑
𝑉𝐶 = (0.17 + ) 𝜆𝑠 𝜆√𝑓𝐶 ′
𝑏𝑜
0.083 × 40 × 509
= (0.17 + ) × (0.812) × (1) × √25 = 2.35 𝑀𝑃𝑎
4136

1.34 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑎) 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 (22.6.5.2)

𝑉𝐶 = { 1.77 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑏) 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 (22.6.5.2)
2.35 𝑀𝑃𝑎 → 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑐) 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 (22.6.5.2)

𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝐶 = 1.34 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑉𝐶 = 1.34 × 𝑏𝑜 𝑑 = 1.34 × 4136 × 509 × 10−3 = 2821.0 𝑘𝑁
∅𝑉𝐶 = 0.75 × 2821.0 = 2115.75 𝑘𝑁

∴ ∅𝑉𝐶 = 2115.75 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝑢 1900.67 𝑘𝑁 𝑂𝑘

72
𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 𝟑: 𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑭𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒖𝒓𝒆.
𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 2079.78 + 1.2(3 × 2.5 × 0.6 × 25)
𝑞𝑢 = = = 295.30 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝐴 3 × 2.5

b
𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
3 − 0.8
𝐶1 = = 1.1 𝑚 t
2

𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
2.5 − 0.25
𝐶2 = = 1.125 𝑚
2 3000

C2

2500
C1 800

C1

𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

𝐶2 = 1.125 𝑚

𝐶2 2 1.1252
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 = 295.30 × = 186.87
2 2

73
 0.85𝑓𝐶 ′ 2.61𝑀𝑢 0.85 × 25 2.61 × 186.87 × 106
𝜌= [1 − √1 − ′ 2 ] = √
[1 − 1 − ]
𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝐶 𝑏𝑑 280 25 × 1000 × 5092

∴ 𝜌 = 0.0029
𝐴𝑆 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.0029 × 1000 × 509 = 1476.1 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚

𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 ∶

𝐴𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018𝑏ℎ = 0.0018 × 1000 × 600 = 1080 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
𝐴𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1080 𝑚𝑚2 < 𝐴𝑆 = 1476.1 𝑚𝑚2 𝑂𝐾

𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑴𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 ∶

3 0.85𝛽1 𝑓𝐶 ′ 3 0.85 × 0.85 × 25
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( )= ( ) = 0.0242
8 𝑓𝑦 8 280

𝐴𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑑 = 0.024 × 1000 × 509 = 12216. 0 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚

𝐴𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 12216.0 𝑚𝑚2 < 𝐴𝑆 = 1476.1 𝑚𝑚2 𝑂𝐾
∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝑆 = 1476.1 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚 𝑢𝑠𝑒 (10 ∅14𝑚𝑚)/𝑚

𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

𝐶2 = 1.1 𝑚

𝐶2 2 1.12
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 = 295.30 × = 178.66
2 2

0.85𝑓𝐶 ′ 2.61𝑀𝑢 0.85 × 25 2.61 × 178.66 × 106

𝜌= [1 − √1 − ′ 2 ] = [1 − √1 − ]
𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝐶 𝑏𝑑 280 25 × 1000 × 5092

∴ 𝜌 = 0.00277
𝐴𝑆 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.00277 × 1000 × 509 = 1409.9 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚

𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 ∶

𝐴𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018𝑏ℎ = 0.0018 × 1000 × 600 = 1080 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
𝐴𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 1080 𝑚𝑚2 < 𝐴𝑆 = 1409.9 𝑚𝑚2 𝑂𝐾

74
𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑴𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 ∶

3 0.85𝛽1 𝑓𝐶 ′ 3 0.85 × 0.85 × 25

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( )= ( ) = 0.0242
8 𝑓𝑦 8 280

𝐴𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑑 = 0.024 × 1000 × 509 = 12216. 0 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚

𝐴𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 12216.0 𝑚𝑚2 < 𝐴𝑆 = 1409.9 𝑚𝑚2 𝑂𝐾

∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝑆 = 1409.9 𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚 𝑢𝑠𝑒 (10 ∅14𝑚𝑚)/𝑚

𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 𝟒: 𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉. 𝟐𝟐. 𝟖. 𝟑

As aforementioned, the bearing strength is the ability of material to withstand compressive
forces applied to its surface. Checking bearing strengths for column & footing gives:

𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏

∅𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = ∅ × 0.85 × 𝑓𝐶 ′ × 𝐴1
𝐴1 = 800 × 250 = 200000 𝑚𝑚2
∅𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 0.65 × 0.85 × 25 × (200000) × 10−3 = 2762.2 𝑘𝑁
∅𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 ≥ 𝑃𝑢
∴ ∅𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 2762.2 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑃𝑢 = 2079.78 𝑘𝑁 𝑂𝐾
∅𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 2762.2
𝐹. 𝐶 = = = 1.33 > 1 𝑂𝐾
𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 2079.78

75
𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈
As aforementioned, the maximum bearing strength for footing is the lesser of:

′
(𝑎 ) √𝐴2 /𝐴1 (0.85𝑓𝐶 𝐴1 )
𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝐿𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓
(𝑏 ) 2(0.85𝑓𝐶 ′ 𝐴1 )

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑎) ∅𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = ∅ × √𝐴2 /𝐴1 (0.85𝑓𝐶 ′ 𝐴1 )

𝐴1 = 800 × 250 = 200000 𝑚𝑚2

𝐴2 = 3000 × 2500 = 7500000 𝑚𝑚2

7500000
∅𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 0.65 × 0.85 × √ × 25 × 200000 × 10−3 = 16916.79 𝑘𝑁
200000

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑏) ∅𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = ∅ × 2(0.85𝑓𝐶 ′ 𝐴1 )

−3
∅𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = ∅ × 2 × (0.85 × 25 × 200000 × 10 ) = 5525 𝑘𝑁

∴ ∅𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 5525 𝑘𝑁

∅𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 ≥ 𝑃𝑢

∴ ∅𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 = 5525 𝑘𝑁 > 𝑃𝑢 = 2079.78 𝑘𝑁 𝑂𝐾

∅𝐵𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 5525

𝐹. 𝐶 = = = 2.66 > 1 𝑂𝐾
𝑃𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 2079.78

76
𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 𝟓: 𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 𝑩𝒂𝒓 𝑺𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒈.

𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒈
The clear spacing according to Article 25.2 of ACI 318-19 states that spacing between
bars should be the greatest of:

25 𝑚𝑚
𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 {(4/3)𝑑
𝑎𝑔𝑔

4 4
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑔 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 21𝑚𝑚 → ( ) 𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑔 = ( ) × 21 = 28 𝑚𝑚
3 3
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑠 28 𝑚𝑚
𝒎𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒈
450 𝑚𝑚
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 {
2ℎ
2ℎ = 2 × 600 = 1200 𝑚𝑚
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑠 450 𝑚𝑚
𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔
3000 − 2 × 75
𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = = 98.3 𝑚𝑚
30 − 1
28 𝑚𝑚 < 98.3 𝑚𝑚 < 450 𝑚𝑚 𝑂𝐾

77
𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 𝟔: 𝑪𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉.
𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏
(25.4.2.4) 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠, ℓ𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦:

𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠 𝜓𝑔
𝑙𝑑 = 𝑑 > 300 𝑚𝑚 (25.4.2.4𝑎)
1.1𝜆√𝑓𝐶 ′ 𝑐𝑑 + 𝑘𝑡𝑟 𝑏
( )
𝑑𝑏
𝑐𝑑 + 𝑘𝑡𝑟
𝑖𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 ( ) 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑑 2.5
𝑑𝑏
40𝐴𝑡𝑟
𝑘𝑡𝑟 = (25.4.2.4𝑏)
𝑠𝑛

𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 25.4.2.5 )

𝜆=1 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒.

𝜓𝑡 = 1 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡.

𝜓𝑒 = 1 𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡.

𝜓𝑠 = 0.8 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 < 19 𝑚𝑚.

𝜓𝑔 = 1 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 280.

𝑐𝑑 = 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟(75𝑚𝑚) + 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑡𝑒𝑟 + 0.5𝑑𝑏 = 75 + 10 + 0.5 × 14 = 92 𝑚𝑚

𝑘𝑡𝑟 = 0
𝑐𝑑 + 𝑘𝑡𝑟 92
( ) = ( ) = 6.6 > 2.5 → ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 2.5
𝑑𝑏 14
𝑓𝑦 𝜓𝑡 𝜓𝑒 𝜓𝑠 𝜓𝑔 280 1 × 1 × 0.8 × 1
𝑙𝑑 = 𝑑𝑏 = × 14 = 228.1 𝑚𝑚
1.1𝜆√𝑓𝐶 ′ 𝑐𝑑 + 𝑘𝑡𝑟 1.1 × 1 × √25 2.5
( )
𝑑𝑏
𝑙𝑑 = 228.1 𝑚𝑚 < 300 𝑚𝑚
𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠
600 − 2 × 𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 = 600 − 2 × 75 = 450 𝑚𝑚 > 𝑙𝑑 = 300 𝑚𝑚
∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑑 = 300 𝑚𝑚

78
 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒑 𝟕: 𝑫𝒓𝒂𝒘 𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕.

1∅14@100𝑚𝑚 1∅14@90𝑚𝑚

600

75 2850 75

3000 75

1? /100 mm
1∅14@100𝑚𝑚

2500 2350

1? /90 mm
1∅9014@𝑚𝑚

75 2850 75
75

79
𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈
Coulmn
Coulmn Reaction Area Dim. Of Footing
Dim.
Footing
Dead Live Working b t B L T
m2 dm
(KN) (KN) (KN) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)

F1 837.46 58.65 896.11 0.25 0.5 4.012 1.9 2.2 0.6 0.509

F2 1288.53 110.89 1399.42 0.25 0.8 6.564 2.3 2.9 0.6 0.509

F3 1056.07 85.03 1141.1 0.25 0.7 5.353 2.1 2.6 0.6 0.509

F4 1484.58 176.78 1661.36 0.25 0.8 7.793 2.5 3 0.6 0.509

F5 1124.39 140.43 1264.82 0.25 0.7 5.933 1.6 2 0.6 0.509

F6 1385.85 126.76 1512.61 0.25 0.8 7.095 1.9 2.5 0.6 0.509

check shear Punching Shear

qact Mu (KN.m)
Vu (KN) Ø Vc (KN) Notes Vu (KN) Ø Vc (KN) Notes

280.8689 95.6 88.75457 318.125 safe 958.934 2227.282 safe

284.2618 149.4 146.6791 318.125 safe 1613.6 2605.215 safe

282.7226 121 117.6126 318.125 safe 1284.23 2479.237 safe

281.7343 194.5 187.635 318.125 safe 1990.87 2605.215 safe

541.0474 123.3 89.81386 318.125 safe 1234.87 2479.237 safe

432.0883 147.1 136.5399 318.125 safe 1623.13 2605.215 safe

Area Steel R.F.T Long Direction R.F.T Short Direction

R m As/m As min No. Ø Total No. No. Ø Total No.

0.41 13.18 752.647 1200 8 14 17 8 14 19

0.641 13.18 1182.86 1200 8 14 20 8 14 25
0.519 13.18 955.146 1200 8 14 18 8 14 22
0.834 13.18 1547.35 1200 10 14 29 10 14 35
0.529 13.18 973.536 1200 8 14 14 8 14 17
0.631 13.18 1164.37 1200 8 14 17 8 14 21

80
 𝑺𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏
Dim. Of
Footing
R.F.T Long Direction R.F.T Short Direction 𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑐 ′
Footing
B L T
(m) (m) (m)
No. Ø Total No. No. Ø Total No. 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑀𝑃𝑎
F1 1.9 2.2 0.6 8 14 17 8 14 19 25 280
F2 2.3 2.9 0.6 8 14 20 8 14 25 25 280
F3 2.1 2.6 0.6 8 14 18 8 14 22 25 280
F4 2.5 3 0.6 10 14 26 10 14 31 25 280
F5 1.6 2 0.6 8 14 14 8 14 17 25 280
F6 1.9 2.5 0.6 8 14 17 8 14 21 25 280
F6 0.6 14 14 25 280
F7 0.6 14 14 25 280

81