Midterm Quiz 3

1. Which type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movements in the body?

a) Cardiac muscle

b) Smooth muscle

c) Skeletal muscle

d) All of the above

2. What is the primary function of the muscular system?

a) Circulation of blood

b) Protection of internal organs

c) Movement of the body

d) Digestion of food

3. Which connective tissue surrounds an entire muscle?

a) Epimysium

b) Perimysium

c) Endomysium

d) Sarcolemma

4. Muscle fibers are composed of smaller units called:

a) Fascicles

b) Myofibrils

c) Sarcomeres

d) Actin filaments

5. The sarcomere is the functional unit of which type of muscle?

a) Cardiac muscle
b) Smooth muscle

c) Skeletal muscle

d) Both a and c

6. Which protein filament in the muscle is responsible for binding with actin
to produce a contraction?

a) Myosin

b) Actin

c) Tropomyosin

d) Troponin

7. During muscle contraction, which ion is released from the sarcoplasmic

reticulum?

a) Potassium (K+)

b) Sodium (Na+)
c) Calcium (Ca2+)

d) Magnesium (Mg2+)

8. What is the name of the neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle

contraction?

a) Dopamine

b) Serotonin

c) Acetylcholine

d) Epinephrine

9. Which muscle type is striated and involuntary?

a) Smooth muscle

b) Cardiac muscle

c) Skeletal muscle
d) All of the above

10. What is the term for the attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone?

a) Insertion

b) Origin

c) Flexion

d) Extension

11. Which of the following muscles is responsible for the movement of the
forearm?

a) Biceps brachii

b) Rectus femoris

c) Deltoid

d) Triceps brachii
12. Which energy molecule is primarily used during muscle contraction?

a) ADP

b) Glucose

c) ATP

d) Creatine phosphate

13. Which type of muscle contraction involves lengthening of the muscle

under tension?

a) Isometric

b) Eccentric

c) Concentric

d) Isotonic
14. Muscle fatigue is primarily caused by a depletion of:

a) Oxygen

b) ATP

c) Glucose

d) Calcium

15. The thin filament in muscle fibers is composed of:

a) Myosin

b) Tropomyosin

c) Actin

d) Troponin

16. Which muscle forms the major portion of the calf in the lower leg?
a) Tibialis anterior

b) Gastrocnemius

c) Soleus

d) Rectus femoris

17. Which of the following muscles is involved in breathing?

a) Trapezius

b) Diaphragm

c) Quadratus lumborum

d) Latissimus dorsi

18. In which type of muscle tissue do intercalated discs occur?

a) Smooth muscle

b) Skeletal muscle
c) Cardiac muscle

d) All of the above

19. Which process describes the increase in muscle size due to resistance
training?

a) Atrophy

b) Hypertrophy

c) Hyperplasia

d) Metaplasia

20. What is the main function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

a) Store calcium

b) Produce energy

c) Transmit nerve signals

d) Break down proteins

Here's the quiz with answers and detailed explanations for each:

Anatomy & Physiology: Muscular System Quiz with Answers & Explanations

1. Which type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movements in the body?

Answer: c) Skeletal muscle

Explanation: Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control, meaning it can be

consciously controlled to produce movement. In contrast, cardiac and
smooth muscles are involuntary.

2. What is the primary function of the muscular system?

Answer: c) Movement of the body

Explanation: The muscular system is primarily responsible for movement,

enabling locomotion, manipulation of the environment, and movement of
substances within the body.

3. Which connective tissue surrounds an entire muscle?

Answer: a) Epimysium

Explanation: The epimysium is the outer layer of connective tissue that

surrounds the entire muscle, providing protection and structural support.
4. Muscle fibers are composed of smaller units called:

Answer: b) Myofibrils

Explanation: Myofibrils are the contractile threads found in striated muscle

cells and are composed of repeating units called sarcomeres.

5. The sarcomere is the functional unit of which type of muscle?

Answer: c) Skeletal muscle

Explanation: The sarcomere is the basic functional unit of striated muscle,

which includes skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is responsible for muscle
contraction.

6. Which protein filament in the muscle is responsible for binding with actin
to produce a contraction?

Answer: a) Myosin

Explanation: Myosin is the thick filament that interacts with the thin filament
(actin) during muscle contraction, forming cross-bridges to facilitate
movement.

7. During muscle contraction, which ion is released from the sarcoplasmic

reticulum?

Answer: c) Calcium (Ca2+)

Explanation: Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and
bind to troponin, initiating the contraction process in muscle fibers.
8. What is the name of the neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle
contraction?

Answer: c) Acetylcholine

Explanation: Acetylcholine is released from motor neurons at the

neuromuscular junction, binding to receptors on muscle fibers and triggering
contraction.

9. Which muscle type is striated and involuntary?

Answer: b) Cardiac muscle

Explanation: Cardiac muscle is striated like skeletal muscle but is

involuntary, meaning it operates without conscious control, primarily found
in the heart.

10. What is the term for the attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone?

Answer: b) Origin

Explanation: The origin is the point where a muscle attaches to a stationary

bone, while the insertion is where it attaches to the bone that moves.

11. Which of the following muscles is responsible for the movement of the
forearm?

Answer: a) Biceps brachii

Explanation: The biceps brachii flexes the forearm at the elbow joint, playing
a key role in lifting and pulling motions.

12. Which energy molecule is primarily used during muscle contraction?

Answer: c) ATP

Explanation: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy currency of

cells, providing the energy required for muscle contractions.

13. Which type of muscle contraction involves lengthening of the muscle

under tension?

Answer: b) Eccentric

Explanation: Eccentric contractions occur when a muscle lengthens while

under tension, such as when lowering a weight.

14. Muscle fatigue is primarily caused by a depletion of:

Answer: b) ATP

Explanation: Muscle fatigue occurs when there is a depletion of ATP and

other energy sources, limiting the muscle's ability to contract effectively.

15. The thin filament in muscle fibers is composed of:

Answer: c) Actin

Explanation: Actin is the main protein component of the thin filament, which
interacts with myosin to facilitate muscle contraction.

16. Which muscle forms the major portion of the calf in the lower leg?

Answer: b) Gastrocnemius

Explanation: The gastrocnemius muscle is a large muscle in the calf that is

involved in plantar flexion of the foot and flexion of the knee.
17. Which of the following muscles is involved in breathing?

Answer: b) Diaphragm

Explanation: The diaphragm is the primary muscle of respiration, contracting

to increase thoracic cavity volume and draw air into the lungs.

18. In which type of muscle tissue do intercalated discs occur?

Answer: c) Cardiac muscle

Explanation: Intercalated discs are specialized connections between cardiac

muscle cells that allow for synchronized contraction and communication.

19. Which process describes the increase in muscle size due to resistance
training?

Answer: b) Hypertrophy

Explanation: Hypertrophy refers to the increase in muscle fiber size and

cross-sectional area, resulting from regular strength training.

20. What is the main function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

Answer: a) Store calcium

Explanation: The sarcoplasmic reticulum primarily stores calcium ions, which

are essential for initiating muscle contraction when released.