Eudermaptera

Male European earwig Forficula auricularia, photographed by Eugene Zelenko.


Belongs within: Neodermaptera.

The Eudermaptera are a clade of earwigs characterised by the reduction of the male genitalia to a single penal lobe and single virga, and having the expanded regions of the anal and intercalary veins distinctly separated (Grimaldi & Engel 2005). In members of the families Chelisochidae and Forficulidae, the second segment of the tarsi is ventrally produced below the third but members of the Labioidea retain a simple, subcylindrical second tarsal segment. Forficulidae have the second tarsal segment expanded laterally as well as produced (Rentz & Kevan 1991). The Labioidea are now regarded as including the genus Arixenia, specialised cave-dwellers found in bat-roosts in southeast Asia that feed on guano and (in the case of A. esau) perhaps facultatively on the bats themselves (Askew 1971).

<==Eudermaptera
    |  i. s.: Chelisoficula Nel, Waller et al. 2003 NW03
    |           `--*C. caussaneli Nel, Waller et al. 2003 NW03
    |--Labioidea S02
    |    |--Carcinophoridae [Carcinophorinae] RD77
    |    |--Arixenia RK91 [Arixeniidae GE05, Arixeniina]
    |    |    |--A. esau RK91
    |    |    `--A. jacobsoni A71
    |    |--Spongiphoridae GE05
    |    |    |  i. s.: Sinolabia longyouensis S02
    |    |    |         Auchenomus forcipatus TW05
    |    |    |--Spongiphorinae RK91
    |    |    |    |--Apovostox RK91
    |    |    |    `--Marava arachidis RK91
    |    |    `--Nesogaster [Nesogastrinae] RK91
    |    |         |--N. erichsoni G74
    |    |         |--N. halli RK91
    |    |         `--N. ruficeps RK91
    |    `--Labiidae S02
    |         |  i. s.: Cretolabia S02
    |         |         Caririlabia S02
    |         |         Spongovostox NW03
    |         |           |--S. cornutus Brindle 1973 NW03
    |         |           `--S. doddi ZS10
    |         |         Prolabia arachidis (Yersin 1860) [=Forficula arachidis, Labia arachidis] H40
    |         |--Nesolabia [Geracinae] NW03
    |         |    `--N. longicollis Hincks 1957 NW03
    |         `--Labiinae RK91
    |              |--Chaetospania brunneri RK91
    |              `--Labia GE05
    |                   |--L. canaca Burr 1903 B14
    |                   |--L. curvicaudata GE05
    |                   `--L. minor B01
    `--+--Chelisochidae [Chelisochinae] NW03
       |    |--Chelisochella superba (Dorhn 1865) NW03
       |    |--Schizoproreus delicatulus (Burr 1911) NW03
       |    |--Adiathetus glaucopterus (Bormans 1888) NW03
       |    |--Genitalata mahajani Kapoor 1974 NW03
       |    |--Proreus simulans (Stål 1860) NW03
       |    |--Lamprophorella RK91
       |    |--Chelisoches Scudder 1876 NW03
       |    |    `--C. morio TW05
       |    `--Hamaxas NW03
       |         |--H. bidentatus Ramamurthi 1965 NW03
       |         `--H. singhi Kapoor 1966 NW03
       `--Forficulidae NW03
            |  i. s.: Anechura bipunctata B01
            |         Elaunon bipartitus RK91
            |         Hadanechura Zhang et al. 1994 NW03
            |           `--*H. sisypha Zhang et al. 1994 NW03
            |         Apanechura Zhang 1989 NW03
            |           |--A. asceta Zhang 1989 NW03
            |           `--A. ooides Zhang 1989 NW03
            |--Opisthocosmiinae H40
            |    |--Eparchus H40
            |    |    |--E. biroi TW05
            |    |    `--E. insignis (Haan 1842) [=Forficula insignis] H40
            |    `--Timomenus H40
            |         |--T. pieli Hincks 1940 H40
            |         |--T. shelfordi (Burr 1904) [=Opisthocosmia shelfordi] H40
            |         `--T. unidentatus Borelli 1915 H40
            `--Forficula Linnaeus 1758 [Forficulinae] NW03
                 |--F. auricularia Linnaeus 1758 L58
                 |--F. baltica P92
                 |--F. decipiens W07
                 |--F. klebsi P92
                 |--F. minor Linnaeus 1758 L58
                 |--F. paleocaenica Willmann 1990 NW03
                 |--F. praecursor P92
                 |--F. pristina P92
                 `--F. tomis S02

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[A71] Askew, R. R. 1971. Parasitic Insects. Heinemann Educational Books: London.

[B01] Bolivar, I. 1901. Orthopterák [Orthoptères]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 223–243. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.

[B14] Burr, M. 1914. Les Dermaptères de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et des îles Loyalty. In: Sarasin, F., & J. Roux (eds) Nova Caledonia: Forschungen in Neu-Caledonian und auf den Loyalty-Inseln. A. Zoologie vol. 1 pt 4 pp. 315–324, pl. 9. C. W. Kreidels Verlag: Wiesbaden.

[G74] Giles, E. T. 1974. Dermaptera (earwigs). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers. Supplement 1974 pp. 42–43.Melbourne University Press.

[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.

[H40] Hincks, W. D. 1940. Dermaptera (earwigs) from Hainan Island. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise 8 (2): 29–40.

[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.

[NW03] Nel, A., A. Waller, V. Albouy, J.-J. Menier & G. de Ploëg. 2003. New fossil earwigs from the lowermost Eocene amber of Paris Basin (France) (Insecta, Dermaptera, family incertae sedis). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 119–129.

[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.

[RK91] Rentz, D. C. F., & D. K. McE. Kevan. 1991. Dermaptera (earwigs). In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 360–368. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).

[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms' General Textbook of Entomology 10th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.

[S02] Shcherbakov, D. E. 2002. Order Forficulida Latreille, 1810. The earwigs and protelytropterans (=Dermaptera DeGeer, 1773+Protelytroptera Tillyard, 1931). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 288–291. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.

[TW05] Terry, M. D., & M. F. Whiting. 2005. Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects. Cladistics 21: 240–257.

[W07] Wirth, S. 2007. Phylogeny and character transformations of the Histiostomatidae. In: Morales-Malacara, J. B., V. M. Behan-Pelletier, E. Ueckermann, T. M. Pérez, E. G. Estrada-Venegas & M. Badii (eds) Acarology XI: Proceedings of the International Congress pp. 607–615. Instituto de Biología and Faculdad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Acarología: México.

[ZS10] Zborowski, P., & R. Storey. 2010. A Field Guide to Insects in Australia 3rd ed. Reed New Holland: Sydney.

Last updated: 18 May 2022.

No comments:

Post a Comment

Markup Key:
- <b>bold</b> = bold
- <i>italic</i> = italic
- <a href="http://www.fieldofscience.com/">FoS</a> = FoS

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy